Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plateformes numérique de travail'
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Gomes, Barbara. "Le droit du travail à l’épreuve des plateformes numériques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100122.
Full textDigital employment platforms build their business model away from the scope of regulations that would traditionally apply to their line of business (for example, private passenger transport companies), the first of which is labour law. It is argued they serve as mere intermediaries between demand and supply, and as such, the status of employee (and sometimes of a worker altogether) is denied. Instead, preference is given to presumed independence via civil and commercial contracts. As a consequence, individuals working for these platforms are not protected by labour law (ex: termination of employment regulation, collective negotiation rights, maternity leave, unemployment benefits, etc.).Yet, when an organisation develops a commercial and economic activity entailing the use of contracts depending on labour power as its very basis for existence, it is difficult to affirm absence of labour or independence. Employment platforms are not mere intermediation platforms; rather, they are productive entities which draw their dynamics from competitive patterns on the market, far more than traditional firms would.The calling into question of social law they spark is part and parcel of a determinist vision of labour law, which claims that law must necessarily adapt to economy’s requirements. This in no way means that law is helpless in the face of these new models. Quite the contrary, the disrupt they bring forward reflects the history of law’s very construction, for French but also European and international law, and calls for it to reassert its demands and ambitions
Cazaubiel, Arthur. "Essais sur l'économie des plateformes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAG005.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the economics of platforms through three independent chapters. The first one develops a theoretical model around exclusive sales, or flash sales. This practice, very common on the Internet, consists in offering consumers an offer to take today, with no opportunity to benefit tomorrow. The second chapter evaluates the substitutability of hotel room distribution channels in Scandinavia, particularly between the hotel’s website, Booking, and Expedia. We also analyze the decision of a hotel chain to boycott a sales channel. Finally, the third chapter analyses the implementation of a new strategy by Booking with its suppliers
Bailly, Adrien. "De la consommation collaborative à l’économie de plateformes : étude des transactions entre particuliers dans l’espace socio-numérique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0220.
Full textThe last decade has been marked by the emergence of numerous economic models associated with the notion of collaborative consumption. These consumption contexts need consumers to conduct new activities. This research aims to provide a theoretical understanding of these emerging practices. The notion of collaborative consumption itself is an important part of the phenomenon that we try to understand but doesn’t help us to circumscribe the object of this research. Indeed, the definitions proposed by researchers and by consumers do not allow to identify the specificity of collaborative practices. In this context, we choose to define the research object from a spatial point of view. The massive diffusion of digital technologies makes it possible to link spaces which were previously separate. It allows to carry out transactions that mix elements which traditionally belonged to the economic sphere or to the domestic sphere. This research is therefore limited to these transactions initiated online, i.e. those specific to a platform economy. A theory of science inspired by the pragmatist tradition and a mainly ethnographic methodological apparatus were used to study these transactions. Our study of the website www.leboncoin.fr allows us to identify how this platform fosters the acquisition of market skills without managing to solve the social exclusion inherent to this intermediation model. Our study of private renting initiated online allows us to explore the relationships between users and platforms induced by a more bureaucratic intermediation model. We also show the professionalization of practices. This work allows us to conclude that collaborative consumption is above all a set of narratives that accompany and legitimize platform capitalism and that intermediation relationships cannot be understood without taking into account the way in which consumers perform them and try to transform them
Lamago, Merlin Ferdinand. "Réingénierie des fonctions des plateformes LMS par l'analyse et la modélisation des activités d'apprentissage : application à des contextes éducatifs avec fracture numérique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0589/document.
Full textThe present research aims to model learning processes on Learning ManagementSystems (LMS) in a bid to maximize users’ efficiency. We came about this idea whilethinking over the possible ways of facilitating the use of LMS for teachers and learnersin countries affected by the digital divide. Drawing from that, the following question hasbeen stated: in a given learning context, how can we insert a Learning ManagementSystem that provides users with both easy handling and optimal using conditions? Thisissue raises the problem of LMS adaptability and suggests two levels of modeling: thelearning tool on one hand and the planned context of use on the other. To address thisissue of adaptability, we adopt a two-pronged approach including the functionalanalysis of LMS tools and the reengineering of user interfaces. The first step is todevelop an approach for the analysis of teaching and learning processes on LMS. Thisentails modeling common learning situations and cross-checking them with thefeatures available in LMS solutions. This preliminary work enabled to build a formalismfor LMS analysis which is referred to as the OCGPI approach (Organize-Collaborate-Guide-Produce-Inform). The second step proposes an adaptive reengineering of LMSbased on the context of use. This is namely an embedded configurator which adaptsthe working environment according to each use and each user. This tool aims at givingbeginners the possibility of acquainting themselves quickly with the virtual platform
Pinte, Jean-Paul. "La veille informationnelle en éducation pour répondre au défi de la société de la connaissance au XXIème siècle : application à la conception d'une plateforme de veille et de partage de connaissance en éducation : Commun@utice." Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143990.
Full textKumar, Anaya. "IT identity and employee advocacy platforms use : a mixed-method approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2024/interne/2024UPASI013.pdf.
Full textIn recent years, we see a shift from traditional physical workplaces to hybrid and remote environments, leading to the adoption of digital workplaces (Malhotra, 2021). Despite their instrumental value such as increased employee productivity, digital workplaces present challenges including employee disconnection and disengagement (Qin & Men, 2022). To address this, organizations attempt to strengthen organizational identification and engagement using people-centric digital workplace platforms. Given the critical role of identity in fostering engagement and performance, in this thesis we examine the phenomenon of IT identity, which refers to positive self-identification with information technology (ITID) (Carter, 2020).Our study examines how employees' use of a digital workplace platform called Employee Advocacy (EA) platform- which enables employees to defend, support, or recommend their organization to their networks- is influenced by the their ITID perceptions. EA fosters re-identification with the organization and is increasingly recognized for its ability to leverage employees' credibility to enhance brand reputation, extend reach, and drive business growth (Silbermann, 2021). While the literature on EA covers its definition and purpose, few studies—especially within Information Systems (IS)—have examined how ITID might impact platform use that facilitate EA programs. This thesis addresses that gap by theorizing the antecedents and outcomes of ITID for the EA platform use context. We do this via two essays.The first essay examines the existence of ITID within EA platforms and leverages ITID theory and IS continuous use and acceptance literature to theorize the two user experience antecedents (functional and emotional) of ITID. The second essay also leverages ITID theory and needs-affordances features perspective to theorize how ITID influences key outcomes of EA platforms- conceptualizing digital employee engagement (DEE), which includes digital employee advocacy (DEA) and digital employee connectedness (DEC). Both essays use a sequential mixed-method approach, starting with a quantitative study followed by a qualitative study. The first study within both essays uses employee reviews of EA platforms as its data (N=1360) to test the theoretical models, while the second study within both essays uses semi-structured interview data obtained from experts of EA platform (N=12) to provide validation and identify boundary conditions to our theorized models.The findings confirm our theorized model in essay one, however, it is moderated by factors such as role identity, social media self-efficacy, and structured platform launch. The results of the second essay also confirm our model. However, we propose that these relationships are moderated by boundary conditions such as change management reinforcement, proactive leaders, organization image. In particular, the essays advance our understanding of IT identity when using digital workplace technologies and its relevance in achieving both humanistic outcomes of digital employee connectedness and instrumental goals of digital employee advocacy. The findings also offer several practical insights for organizations seeking to implement and optimize EA platforms to enhance digital employee engagement through the introduction of the digital workplace
Mbodj, Mar. "Apprentissage collaboratif : analyse du discours écrit d'étudiants sénégalais partant des principes du Knowledge Building et de scripts flexibles dans deux situations éducatives soutenues par des plateformes numériques distinctes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69505.
Full textTeaching and learning situations have been evolving, notably through the paradigm shift towards the learner, initiated by socioconstructivist theories and digital technologies. Today a particular interest is directed on studies related to classroom situations where innovative and complex approaches based on technology-instrumented practices are implemented. This opens new avenues in educational research, especially by questioning technological tools as artifacts for use in teaching, learning and school administration. An important literature on collaborative approaches, centered on learners' written or verbal interactions, has developed in the framework of these uses. In the context of higher education in Francophone Africa, these uses are very limited or non-existent. Thus, the major challenge becomes that of engaging groups of learners in written interactions of a collaborative nature, around complex questions in this specific context in which, as in other countries of the world, they face a pedagogical renewal marked by the adoption of a new system, the use of a competency-based approach and the integration of digital tools and environments in educational situations. This is at the origin of our study, which focuses on collaboration, more specifically on written interactions, using Knowledge Building as theory. Our study is therefore anchored in the practices of the CSCL domain. We explored the interactions and the way groups of individuals produced knowledge together in instrumented pedagogical situations progressively designed to this end. We launched an experimental approach inclusive of 3 iterations involving three student cohorts from 2015 to 2019. Two pedagogical situations were set up and, in each of them, three teams of six or seven members interacted as a Knowledge Building Community (theoretical axis), using the principles of Knowledge Building and also collaborative scripts on two distinct digital platforms (technological axis). Data were collected using different sources and gathering tools. The methodological approach, Design Research (McKenney & Reeves, 2012), guided the experimentation and made it possible to iteratively question each intervention with a view to progressively refine the system. Our study led us to the formulation of an interaction analysis grid, an innovation anchored in data collected within a singular context involving learners with little information about instrumented collaborative practices. The study presents different categories that make it possible to qualitatively analyze, in a similar context, the written interactions of groups of learners engaged in a collaborative process focused on knowledge Building. Our study has also established the need to act on two mechanisms for a sufficient appropriation of the Knowledge Building principles leading to coherent written interactions of a collaborative nature, namely collaborative scripts and written note production functionalities of technological environments. Finally, our study adds to design-based research works focused on the use metacognitive tools that make it possible to act on learners' understanding of the process to be undertaken individually and also with others.
Poinsot, Lisa. "Contribution à l'étude de la contrainte du temps dans le contrat de travail." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2021/2021LILUD014.pdf.
Full textThe « Contribution to the study of the time constraint in the employment contract » proposes to verify the effects of the representation of time by the Law in the face of the difficulties generated by the evolutions impacting employed labour. Law and time are intrinsically linked: law materialises and objectifies time, while the latter justifies legal innovations. This strong mutual influence of time and law leads us to question the relevance of the legal representation of the employment contract in the face of the massive use of algorithms in salaried work. To answer this question, this study intends to demonstrate the creation of a legal representation of the employment contract due to the perception of time by the Law, as well as the transformation of the perception of salaried work, based on artificial intelligence and digital platforms. An answer is therefore emerging: the legal representation of the employment contract, the result of the action of the Law on time, can serve as a basis for the protection of the worker in the face of the important use of artificial intelligence and digital platforms. The adaptation of the legal representation of the employment contract would make it possible to benefit from the advantages of these technological advances while supervising their use
Belletti, Chiara. "Empirical essays on information asymmetries on digital platforms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT017.
Full textThis thesis studies issues related to information asymmetry in digital markets. It aims at understanding the behavior of economic agents when standard reputation tools, such as ratings and reviews, may fall short.The first chapter investigates the impact of end-of-game concerns on the effectiveness of reputation systems as monitoring tools in digital markets. Using data from Airbnb, the chapter examines the effort decisions of hosts anticipating their exit due to non-compliance with a short-term rental regulation in the City of Los Angeles. With a Difference-in-Differences and Event Study approach, we compare how listing's effort-related ratings changed, compared to ratings on location, after the regulation announcement and during its implementation. The findings reveal a statistically significant decrease in effort-related ratings during the hosts' final periods, highlighting the limitations of reputation systems in addressing moral hazard within a finite game.The second and third chapters of this thesis study firm and worker behavior on a commercial crowd-working platform characterized by anonymity and limited employer-employee interactions.The second chapter provides descriptive insights into how crowd-working platforms are used for outsourcing AI-related tasks, particularly focusing on data training. The study begins by providing context on the platform under study and unveiling a recent growing demand for crowd-sourced data work. The chapter also examines how firms ensure tasks' execution quality through worker selection, wage setting, and monitoring. A regression framework allows for the identification of specific factors that distinguish demand for data work from other tasks. The higher targeting of demand towards predefined groups of contributors based on experience or geographic location, along with a larger rejection probability for data annotation tasks, underscores the importance of quality execution for firms outsourcing in this domain.The final chapter explores a Principal-Agent problem arising from monetary incentives, affecting the quality of the execution of data annotation tasks on crowd-sourced platforms. This problem cannot be adequately addressed with a reduced form approach. It stems from firms infrequently monitoring the quality of work, fostering moral hazard by the workers. A structural model assesses the equilibrium demand and supply of effort, revealing that metrics relying on observed task rejection underestimate quality. The study suggests a more accurate back-of-the-envelope correction based on a firm's own monitoring rate and simulates counterfactual incentive schemes. The simulation exercises reveal that a wage penalty for workers with rejected tasks could induce higher effort, increase platform revenue, require less monitoring, and enhance the potential of the platform. An alternative approach, although more costly for the platform, to encourage effort and reduce the likelihood of overlooking poor quality, implies providing subsidies for firms' monitoring efforts
Alimam, Mayla. "The place of enterprise social media platforms in today’s enterprises : evaluation of usage and impact on workplace tools." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0007.
Full textToday’s organizations are increasingly promoting a shift of employees’ ways of working towards more agility and flexibility. This shift is empowered by new IT tools commonly known as “Enterprise Social Media” (ESM). Taking mainly the form of integrated platforms, these tools are deployed with the promise of enhancing employees’ communicative activities at the workplace while capitalizing on their social connections. Yet, it remains unclear for companies how their employees benefit from the use of these new tools (i.e., ESM platforms). Managers are unable to evaluate the use of these platforms and thus, tangibly measure the success of their investments. Moreover, introducing ESM platforms to the workplace impact the way the existing tools, such as email, are regarded and used. This leads to the question of whether these new platforms may be substitutes for the use of the existing tools. This thesis tackles the mentioned polemical questions about the place of ESM platforms in today’s enterprises. Carried out jointly with Orange labs, the thesis assesses the role ESM platforms could play in supporting organizations in reaching their objectives and hence sustaining their businesses in an extreme competitive context. It explores the real use of these platforms by offering a quantitative social network analysis and data mining of an established ESM platform currently in use. While relying on a proposed research model that characterizes the activity, the applied hypothesis tests allow determining the correct use of ESM platforms, which in turn indicates the success of their deployments. Moreover, the thesis argues through a reasoning approach that the ESM platforms are not capable of substituting the use of existing workplace tools. Instead, they work in tandem with certain tools such as email. Based on the latter argument, the email tagging service is introduced as an example of how existing workplace tools may be enriched with social features to derive increased benefit for the workforce. The thesis finally validates the service through implementation and testing. To conclude, it proposes and discusses scenarios of future social systems that involve the overall set of workplace tools in enterprises
Alimam, Mayla. "The place of enterprise social media platforms in today’s enterprises : evaluation of usage and impact on workplace tools." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0007/document.
Full textToday’s organizations are increasingly promoting a shift of employees’ ways of working towards more agility and flexibility. This shift is empowered by new IT tools commonly known as “Enterprise Social Media” (ESM). Taking mainly the form of integrated platforms, these tools are deployed with the promise of enhancing employees’ communicative activities at the workplace while capitalizing on their social connections. Yet, it remains unclear for companies how their employees benefit from the use of these new tools (i.e., ESM platforms). Managers are unable to evaluate the use of these platforms and thus, tangibly measure the success of their investments. Moreover, introducing ESM platforms to the workplace impact the way the existing tools, such as email, are regarded and used. This leads to the question of whether these new platforms may be substitutes for the use of the existing tools. This thesis tackles the mentioned polemical questions about the place of ESM platforms in today’s enterprises. Carried out jointly with Orange labs, the thesis assesses the role ESM platforms could play in supporting organizations in reaching their objectives and hence sustaining their businesses in an extreme competitive context. It explores the real use of these platforms by offering a quantitative social network analysis and data mining of an established ESM platform currently in use. While relying on a proposed research model that characterizes the activity, the applied hypothesis tests allow determining the correct use of ESM platforms, which in turn indicates the success of their deployments. Moreover, the thesis argues through a reasoning approach that the ESM platforms are not capable of substituting the use of existing workplace tools. Instead, they work in tandem with certain tools such as email. Based on the latter argument, the email tagging service is introduced as an example of how existing workplace tools may be enriched with social features to derive increased benefit for the workforce. The thesis finally validates the service through implementation and testing. To conclude, it proposes and discusses scenarios of future social systems that involve the overall set of workplace tools in enterprises
Mouhib, Mohamedyassine. "L'intermédiation : contribution à une théorie générale en droit du travail." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0455.
Full textThe development of digital platforms in the mid-2000s was accompanied by an intense legal debate seeking to determine the nature of the activity carried out by these new economic players. They claim to be no more than intermediaries. But what does this mean from the point of view of employment law ? This study seeks to answer this question by proposing a theory that is intended to be general, capable of resituating the activity of digital platforms among the other traditional forms of intermediation that are already familiar to labour law. Faced with the growing development of new intermediation techniques, from portage salarial to CDI intérimaire, from prêt de main-d’oeuvre auprès d’une jeune, petite ou moyenne entreprise to digital platforms, this theory seeks to reveal the underlying coherence of phenomena that may appear at first glance to respond to distinct logics. By proposing an overall representation, the construction of such a theory provides an opportunity to identify a fundamental property of any intermediation scheme : multipolarity. This simply means that these contractual arrangements mobilise a plurality of protagonists. However, the multipolarity of intermediation schemes is addressed in very different ways by employment law. The framework for applying the legal rules that govern these forms of work may be bilateral or multilateral. In the latter case, by emancipating itself from the traditional figure of the employer, labour law takes into account a plurality of mutually independent actors when applying a legal rule to a work situation. Thus, while offering an overall representation of the different forms of intermediation, this study aims to reveal the diversity of ways in which labour law is applied
Li, Yaxin. "Trois essais sur l'économie numérique et la concurrence entre plateformes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2023. https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/49435/.
Full textIn Chapter 1, I develop a dynamic model where two data-driven platforms compete for users' attention. The quality of the service on each platform improves as more user data is available. At each period, platforms choose between current monetization through advertisement, or the accumulation of more user and therefore more data, in the future. Accordingly, I relate the market outcomes in equilibrium to platforms' initial market shares and data productivities. I show that market co-participation prevails when data productivities of both platforms are small. Market tipping is more likely to occur when one of the platforms has a large data productivity and enjoys a large initial market share. I also explore the effects of compulsory data sharing. Market tipping is less likely to occur with data sharing. Besides, data sharing by both platforms, or by the platform with a large advantage of data productivity increases consumers' surplus. In chapter 2, motivated by several examples, including Internet of Things patent licensing, we analyze a model where one or more complementary platforms choose prices for a group of downstream devices that exhibit network externalities. We show how prices depend on each device's Katz-Bonacich (or eigenvector) centrality in a network defined by the demand externalities, and how the relevant network differs for an ecosystem monopolist, a social planner, or a group of complementary platforms. For the latter case, we revisit Cournot's analysis of complementary monopolies and show that in our setting, it is possible for the total price of a particular device to decline when the number of monopoly platforms increases. Finally, we analyze a partial merger that leaves complementary monopolies on just one side of a platform, producing a novel tradeoff between internalizing double marginalization and externalizing network effects. Oevrall, this study offers a tractable model of multi-product ecosystems, and contributes to the two-sided market literature by analyzing complementary platforms in a general multi-sided market. In chapter 3, I study a strategic network game of search, where $M$ retailers sell a product with unknown quality in a competing market. Consumers in the network choose between search and free riding, and choose to adopt or not after search. Consumers trade off between search cost and information efficiency. The searchers acquire information about the quality and prices, while free riders update their believes by observing the adoption behavior of neighbors. In equilibrium, consumers' search strategy exhibits non-increasing threshold property: consumers with more neighbors are more likely to be free riders. I show that although there exist multiple equilibria, when search cost is small enough, there exists a unique interior BNE such that both searchers and free riders coexist in the market, and the prices are larger than marginal cost. I also investigate the impact of network structure on equilibrium outcomes. When the network is more connected, consumers engage in less search, the prices are higher, and the consumers' surplus is reduced
Fakhfakh, Fatma. "De l'étude de terrain (à l'l.P.E.l.S. et la F.S.S.) à la scénarisation des évaluations d'un cours de FOU scientifique et technique, mis en ligne sur la plateforme Moodle 2.4 de l'U.V.T. conçu pour les étudiants de première année des cycles préparatoires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0116.
Full textAt the close of the new researches in didactics at university (French on university objectives and Remote Teaching) and educational reforms targeting the development of learners' level in French inside and outside French departments (Project of updating of French and in French in higher education),scientific and technical French in departments of preliminary courses is an interesting field of study. First-year students-those who passed the baccalaureate- need to know about their university aims in French so as to target the content of apprenticeship programmes and evaluation. Further to a conception of a system of reference of abilities of scientific and technical French (inspired from the principles of Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) and an online lesson of scientific and technical French on MOODLE 2.4 of Tunis Virtual University, we undertake in this thesis to design the models of apprenticeship assessments appropriate to our context. The 2014 investigations in Preparatory Institute for engineering Studies de Sfax and Faculty of Sciences of Sfax (with students of the four branches, French module instructors and the first-year subjects ’instructors) have led us to envisage the idea of the contextualization of apprenticeship portfolio and a model of linguistic certification (Study Diploma in French Language of B1 level) from which we get the conception of brief /summary assessments
Olave, cruz Isac Antonio. "L'intégration des plateformes de mobilité numérique dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD018.
Full textOver the past century, private cars have dominated the transport industry, profoundly shaping economic activity. However, this car-centric approach has also come with substantial costs, due to increasing traffic congestion and carbon emissions. In response, cities have increasingly adopted digital mobility platforms to improve transportation efficiency and enhance quality of life. Leveraging the principles of the sharing economy, digital mobility platforms provide short-term access to various means of transport. This model is appealing because it promotes more efficient use of capital and offers cleaner alternatives to individual car usage. To effectively address transport-related concerns, they must reduce car dependency, address travelers' dilemmas, and fostering complementarities with mass transit. However, the lack of robust empirical evidence limits our understanding of whether digital mobility platforms adhere to these principles. Therefore, the question of how to effectively integrate digital mobility platforms into existing transport systems remains an ongoing subject of scrutiny. This thesis contribute to this debate in four papers. Chapter 2 builds on the theory of platform economics to develop a business model typology for digital mobility platforms and identify the nature for public intervention. Chapter 3 explores the market dynamics between public transport and bike sharing, revealing complementarities after long periods of disruption in the network. Chapter 4 evaluates parking regulations for e-scooters. The findings suggest a positive effect on improper parking, but an unexpected negative effect on accessibility. Chapter 5 investigates car pooling's potential for carbon emission reduction, and explore policies to improve carbon mitigation. Overall, this thesis provides insights for decision makers and practitioners to design more efficient and sustainable multi-modal transport systems. Crafting regulations that guide technology toward economic and environmental objectives is paramount for the future
Abou, Chaz Nisrine. "Etudes expérimentale et numérique des plateformes granulaires renforcées par géosynthétiques sur sol mou." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI031.
Full textPoor subgrade quality is a pervasive challenge in the construction of unpaved roads. Geosynthetics (GSYs) have emerged as innovative solutions since their initial usage in the late 1970s. Depending on the type of GSY employed, they can fulfil one or several roles, including separation, reinforcement by tensioned membrane effects, and stabilization by interlocking and/or friction at the soil-GSY interface. Few design methods exist in the literature to quantify these mechanisms, but they have limitations due to their calibration on specific GSY and soil parameters and, at times, under static rather than cyclic loading conditions. The various factors and parameters that influence the dominant mechanism and its corresponding contribution to platform enhancement underscore the necessity for further exploration in this area.To address this persistent issue, a series of experimental and numerical studies were conducted. The experimental part studied the performance of reinforcement under cyclic vertical and traffic loadings using two woven geotextiles (GTXs) with two different tensile stiffness and two base course thicknesses. Additionally, alongside the experimentation, a numerical model coupling the discrete element method and the finite element method (using Software-Defined Edge Computing) was employed. This model aimed to showcase the impact of GSY and soil parameters on reinforcement performance and provide insights into aspects challenging to measure through experimentation.The tested unpaved road sections are composed of a subgrade layer with a CBR around 1% covered by a compacted base course layer with thickness of 300 mm or 500 mm. The GTXs are placed at the interface between the subgrade and the base course layers. The results showed that the 500 mm base course reinforced platform did not exhibit reinforcement effects under vertical cyclic loading. However, the use of a 300 mm base course with GTX significantly reduced settlement compared to an unreinforced base course of the same thickness (300 mm) and to the thicker base course (500 mm). The most important improvement was observed with the highest-stiffness GTX. Moreover, three tests were performed under traffic loading applying by the Simulator Accelerator of Traffic (SAT). It was shown that traffic loading exerted greater deformation in the base course layer compared to vertical loading, but definitive conclusion can hardly be reached about the comparison between reinforced and unreinforced platform.In the numerical model, a behavioural law (1D) was integrated, considering the variation of the soil reaction modulus during loading and unloading phases and with cycles, and describing the transition of the soil from plastic to quasi-elastic behavior. In addition, the purely frictional base course layer revealed its incapacity to sustain the loading applied in the experimental. This inherent limitation prompted the incorporation of adhesion between soil particles to rectify this shortcoming in load-bearing capacity. Once calibrated the numerical model proved capable of accurately replicating the behavior of GTX-reinforced platforms in the first cycle and with cycles. It facilitated a quantification of the GTX friction effort and GTX tension effort with cycles. Initially, frictional forces outweighed the tensioned membrane effect, but as deflection increased with cycles, the latter became more prominent. This dynamic highlighted a diminishing dominance of the soil confinement mechanism with cycles, giving way to the increasing significance of the membrane effect. Furthermore, the subgrade softness, the GTX rigidity, the mattress-GTX interface parameters and the base course mechanical parameters influenced the behavior of the model
Trémeau, Audrey. "L'intrapreneuriat universitaire au sein des plateformes technologiques : une approche par le travail institutionnel." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G033.
Full textAlthough organizational intrapreneurship has been studied since the end of the nineties, academic intrapreneurship is still less examined. In order to fill this gap, an exploratory study followed by four case studies have been undertaken. Our study deals with a recent form of intrapreneurship : technological core facilities. Our methodology includes 53 semi-directive interviews of experts and facilities managers, non-participant observations, and secondary data about twelve western french facilities and seventeen european facilities. The aim of this research is to provide in-depth understanding of the tensions perceived by intrapreneurs and the way they are resolved. Our contribution is the proposition of a neo institutional theoritical framework to read the tensions as coming from the coexistence of three potentially paradoxical institutional logics: a logic of research and formation, a logic of firms support and a logic of management. We point that the heterogeneity of facilities in terms of activities, does not solely come from the maturity degree of technologies. It is rather understandable through the analyse of the different responses adressed by intrapreneurs face to paradoxical tensions, and by the way institutional logics are hydridized (institutional work). We highlight the necessity to study stakeholders influence on the intrapreneur during the institutional work process
Fakhfakh, Fatma. "De l'étude de terrain (à l'l.P.E.l.S. et la F.S.S.) à la scénarisation des évaluations d'un cours de FOU scientifique et technique, mis en ligne sur la plateforme Moodle 2.4 de l'U.V.T. conçu pour les étudiants de première année des cycles préparatoires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0116/document.
Full textAt the close of the new researches in didactics at university (French on university objectives and Remote Teaching) and educational reforms targeting the development of learners' level in French inside and outside French departments (Project of updating of French and in French in higher education),scientific and technical French in departments of preliminary courses is an interesting field of study. First-year students-those who passed the baccalaureate- need to know about their university aims in French so as to target the content of apprenticeship programmes and evaluation. Further to a conception of a system of reference of abilities of scientific and technical French (inspired from the principles of Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) and an online lesson of scientific and technical French on MOODLE 2.4 of Tunis Virtual University, we undertake in this thesis to design the models of apprenticeship assessments appropriate to our context. The 2014 investigations in Preparatory Institute for engineering Studies de Sfax and Faculty of Sciences of Sfax (with students of the four branches, French module instructors and the first-year subjects ’instructors) have led us to envisage the idea of the contextualization of apprenticeship portfolio and a model of linguistic certification (Study Diploma in French Language of B1 level) from which we get the conception of brief /summary assessments
Jouan, Marine. "La construction sociale du marché du financement participatif en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0052.
Full textSince the end of the 2000s, crowdfunding platforms have been developing in France with the promise of a direct and disintermediated relationship between project owners and funders, facilitating access to funds for project owners and allowing French Internet users to fund projects of their choice. This PhD dissertation studies this phenomenon by combining ethnographic observation and interviews with various actors who have participated in the development of this activity. The research shows that the institutionalization of crowdfunding in France stems from a collective action involving industry professionals, representatives of public authorities, platform partners, and the media. While platforms defend a model of self-organization and autonomy, it appears that their development would not have been possible without the intervention of public authorities, who have created a favorable legal framework to crowdfunding, in order to change the relationship of the French population with its savings and to encourage the contribution to the economic health of new firms in a context of crisis. The study also shows that, despite the extreme heterogeneity of the three majority crowdfunding models studied (reward-based, lending-based, and equity-based), there is a collective effort to highlight common characteristics and to blur the heterogeneity of the sectors (on the one hand the world of cultural creation, on the other the world of finance). Platforms, as socio-technical devices, seek to present themselves as neutral instruments that favor a natural match between fund seekers and funders. This research shows that actually the growth of this financing model is the result of a market labor carried out by professionals in the sector to bring two types of users on their platform: the fund-seekers on one side and the funders on the other. The research also shows that the platforms strategic decisions try to balance out quantity and quality of projects. To reduce risks, platforms put in place qualification and project selection processes, often imported from traditional finance - contradicting the idea of democratization of access to funding. In their development efforts, they also seek to build relationships with traditional players from the world of finance. In doing so, they reintroduce new intermediaries that complicate the relationship between fund-seekers and funders
Malardé, Vincent. "Économie collaborative et régulation des plateformes numériques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G006.
Full textFacilitated by peer-to-peer platforms, the sharing economy has become part of the French way of life. Airbnb, Blablacar, Leboncoin... these platforms are now well known in France. This thesis aims to provide more elements, both theoretical and empirical, to inform the current debates around these platforms. This thesis work begins by using survey data to measure the importance of the use of collaborative platforms in France, and to establish the socio-economic characteristics of users. Then this thesis focuses on the dynamics of developing a collaborative platform,through the example of the French home-to-work ride-sharing platform, iDVROOM. The objective is to study the complementary role of network effects, spatial effects and community effects on the development of the platform. The rest of this thesis focuses on the competition between the short-term rental platform Airbnb and the hotel industry in Paris. The effect of the density of hosts on the collaborative platform on the price charged by an hotel is the subject of a firstempirical study, before being modeled in a theoretical way to discuss the possible effects of a set of alternative regulations of the platform’s activity. Finally, competition between two platforms is analysed when they have the possibility of implementing tariff discrimination strategies designed to encourage supplier exclusivity. The conclusion develops the implications of these results forpolicy makers, platforms and academic research
Le, Roy Marylou. "La loyauté des plateformes à l'égard des consommateurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226597.
Full textPlatforms are online intermediation services of the information society. These operators cover a wide range of players such as marketplaces, search engines, social networks and operating systems. Several European and national texts have contributed to the emergence of the category of platforms, and a distinction between platforms, very large platforms and gatekeepers is now emerging in the Digital Services Act package. The development of platforms poses challenges to all branches of law, particularly in the areas of consumer law, competition law, personal data law and fundamental rights. The study focuses on the relationship between platforms and consumers, as they are one of the sides of their market. This analysis from the point of view of fairness is justified since the obligation of fairness on the part of platform operators was initially introduced into French consumer law.The study starts from the observation that the current system is inadequate, since the fairness of platforms with regard to consumers has been only partially addressed. It is true that platform loyalty from the point of view of contract makes it possible to regulate, in part, the unbalanced relationship between platforms and consumers. However, the fairness of platforms is incomplete beyond the contract. Indeed, the manipulation of consumers is insufficiently taken into account by the law, while taking into account their welfare in competition law is complex.This is why the study sets out to propose a new system of platform fairness in the interest of consumers. A broad conception of platform fairness is adopted as a guiding principle to secure digital services in good faith and in the interest of consumers. This should be complemented by the imposition of new practices for platforms to respect and by the establishment of new "rights to" for consumers. The study also envisages the implementation and effectiveness of platform fairness, on the one hand, through compliance mechanisms imposed on platforms, and on the other hand, through the introduction of control and sanction instruments
Jedrkiewicz-Owczarek, Floriane. "La formation hybride : entre conception et usage." Thesis, Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01E012.
Full textThe concept of hybrid training, combining activities in presence and distance, most often supported by a digital platform, before 2020 was a niche solution, little recognized. It was forcibly democratized with the covid-19 pandemic, even forcing the emergence of a new form of hybridization where the two modalities merge. The first definition of hybrid training appeared in 1995, written by Didier Valdès in his thesis for Paris 2 Panthéon Assas. He pointed out a certain number of criteria essential to the design of such training. However, the historiography concerning the study of these, from a erspective of definition, evaluation and design, was quickly turned upside down by the emergence of web 2.0. The design criteria adopted became more and more numerous and technical, the authors interviewing only a part of the actors (teachers or students), without a global vision and without taking into account their real activity. This approach, not integrating the activity of their operators, leads to complex hybrid training courses to be followed both for students and teachers, who may even be resistant to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). ) employees, or even to training in general. We are therefore looking to observe a hybrid training taking into account the activity of the operators, in order to deduce design tracks more in line with it. We employ an ethnocentric methodology, based on the theoretical framework of the activity, with an associated method - in particular the notions of prescribed and real. We thus seek to go beyond the usual dichotomies with machine / without machine, and presence / distance. We refer particularly to the activity theory developed by Yrjö Engeström, and to the instrumental theory of Pierre Rabardel. We observe a hybrid module of initiation to information and Pix certification within a university course More specifically, we have retained for the analysis a chapter of the course comprising a 1h30 face-to-face session and work to be done remotely. All the data available over this observation period is used, i.e. a heterogeneous set including open observations in class, video recordings, interviews carried out with users and designers, questionnaire for students, collection of emails from the teacher, data generated through the IT platform, and presence on student workspaces and exchanges such as Facebook and Google Drive. These data are combined in quantitative and qualitative ways, and analyzed through the production of detailed chronologies, Engeström contradiction tables, and a revised version of Gaëtan Bourmaud's Method of Failures and Substitutions of Resources (MDSR). We highlight a clear gap between prescribed and actual training (that is to say between training designed and in situ), resulting from a design in use carried out by the actors - teachers and students. This implies paradigm shifts, particularly with regard to student autonomy, the objective of the training which disrupts the position of the teacher. This conception in use is the result of a collective work of the operators (teacher and students), practically leading to a redesign of the training according to the needs actually felt. The design of a hybrid training in accordance with this activity would thus suppose to use the distance for what it is, in order to facilitate the creation of a community of university learning
Liu, Baosheng. "Simulation numérique de l'emboutissage. Méthode a grand incrément de temps." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066666.
Full textPelissier, Cédric. "Les plateformes Internet comme intermédiaires hybrides du marché." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH028/document.
Full textScanning, new Web economy have created new practices to consume and work with Internet devices. The innovation actors (public laboratories, from R & D, local authorities, etc.) are committed increasingly to alternative models distributed design. The "lead-users" to "crowdsourcing", these distributed collaborative design models are notably supported the potential of dissemination and communication offered by the Internet and the pooling of resources authorized. The ambition here is to build open development and cooperation areas, bringing together designers from different backgrounds and multiplying collaborative interfaces with experienced users in order to lead to the joint definition of new products combining technologies and skills made each entity involved.The thesis proposes to develop knowledge and operate a reflexive return from case studies on these new models of market intermediation and innovation. She tries to reason with the cooperative exchange by focusing on the one hand to devices that support (interfaces) on the other hand the construction of the operating rules of this type of "modular community" (individuals scattered geographically, organizational, cultural, diversity of profiles), however, engaged in the sharing of knowledge and integration skills around new technological assemblies. Research areas to address these issues are organized around the instrumentation interfaces and coordination processes of economic and social exchange systems (contribution / reward) and operation and community control
Chebil, Hajer. "Corpus de traces d’activité dans les environnements informatiques pour l’apprentissage humain : modélisation, étude d’une plateforme de gestion, et application à la construction de corpus de référence." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0718/document.
Full textThis work is part of the “TEL Environments customization” project studying the use ofactivity traces in the evaluation and customization of mediated learning situations. Analyzingtraces is generally performed using analysis tools developed by researchers specifically fortheir needs. Published research results can generally not be verified or compared, due todifficulties of sharing corpora and analysis tools. The aim of this research work is to provideresearchers using TEL environments in their researches with a platform to share corpora ofcontextualized interaction traces and analyses performed on them, and to analyse thosecorpora using shared analysis and visualization tools. Heterogeneity of traces produced byTEL environments, due to the diversity of learning domains and to analysis needs makes theproposition of a common representation cannot satisfy the various needs of multidisciplinaryresearchers. We propose the “proxy” approach, a participative and incremental solution basedon an ontology which defines three models: a corpus model defining the structure anddescription metadata of the corpus and its contents, a semantic model defining genericconcepts which can be retrieved in shared corpora, and an operational model defining a set ofoperations ensuring interoperability between shared corpora and analysis tools. Based on thisapproach, we propose a platform architecture for sharing traces corpora and analysis toolsallowing researchers to share their own corpora, to access to shared corpora, and to analyzethem
Rosu, Julian. "Application de méthodes avancées de calcul numérique dans la modélisation et la simulation numérique de l'emboutissage." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA132007.
Full textLampert, Arthur. "L’autonomie du travailleur." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020079.
Full textThe economy’s “tertiarisation” and the development of new information and communication technologies are part of the evolution of the working relationships. Several schemes issued by professional practice and endorsed by the law (fixed annual working time, home office, “umbrella companies”) make it possible to set up a new working relationship that differs from the traditional link of legal subordination, key of the “salariat”. At the same time, there is an expansion of self-employment for which digital platforms are competing. Paradoxically, the expansion of the employee’s autonomy comes with a decline of the autonomy of the self-employed. The convergence between these two schemes of working organization imposes to narrow the gap between the rules governing them. Thus, the decrease of the employer’s sphere of authority must be linked with a lightering of its obligations. At the same time, the benefit of certain protective measures which was reserved to employees should be extended to the self-employed since their situation has evolved. As a whole, it leads to an evolution of the labor relationships which could finally look like a revolution
Mootoosamy, Edwin. "Le numérique au travail : mythes de rupture et mécaniques de récupération." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH032/document.
Full textOur era is rich with myths that help disseminate certain ideologies and favor a form of ‘presentism’. François Hartog see’s this as a constant compulsion to keep moving and yet an inability to embody the progress we make. This research proposes as its main hypothesis that a resolution to this conundrum requires a step away from the generational reading of the digital, which treats its rise as an event in its own right, and instead embrace a more dynamic reading in alignment with Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot’s notion of “economies of grandeur” (« économies de la grandeur »). In doing so, this reading will allow for a better understanding of the present while unveiling the structures that shape organisations today (in this case OuiShare and Renault). We shall consider the digital in different situations, to shine light on its dialectical position between the productive and the social system where it functions as a catalyst for profound transformations, notably regarding work and the organization of labor.To do so, we must however recognize a certain plasticity of the organizations that govern work, while also questioning the theories that characterize them. Three dimensions are seen to emerge here: the concentration of capital, the concentration of means of production and the concentration of the capacity of organizations. By shining light on new routes of social adaptation and political creativity, this research therefore aims to foster a more complex approach towards the ‘digital’, its effects on the different modes of work organization and on society as a whole
Emery, Lise. "Les plateformes de SVOD confrontées au maintien de la diversité culturelle : une prise de position des États à l’ère numérique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67767.
Full textCette étude a pour objet la diversité culturelle et son maintien dans le cadre de l’ère numérique et des plateformes de SVOD. Objectif des États dans le cadre de leur souveraineté culturelle, la diversité des expressions culturelles est mise à mal dans un contexte de bouleversement du marché de la production audiovisuelle par les acteurs internationaux issus du numérique. Cet objectif d’intérêt général, tant au niveau national qu’international, doit être préservé par les États, pour ne pas voir la création audiovisuelle perdre en qualité. Il convient dès lors de repenser les systèmes audiovisuels, pour intégrer les plateformes SVOD dans la mise en œuvre des obligations de diversité culturelle, notamment dans le cadre du financement de la création. Cette refonte de l’audiovisuel est en marche en France comme au Canada.
Vauchez, Patrick. "Simulation numérique des processus de mise en forme par la méthode à grand increment de temps." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066651.
Full textAbichou, Hammadi. "Simulation de l'emboutissage à froid par une méthode asymptotique numérique." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Abichou.Hammadi.SMZ0110.pdf.
Full textThe deep drawing is a forming process largely used in the industry, especially in the car manufactures. The numerical simulation of this kind of processes needs much CPU time because of the several nonlinearities due to the geometry, contact phenomenon and the constitutive law. The aim of this thesis is to reduce the computing time using an alternative method called "asymptotic numerical method". This latter allows us to search solution branches in the form of power series and transforms the nonlinear problems into a succesion of well posed linear problems involving the same tangent operator. In this thesis a shell formulation well adopted to large trasformation phenomenon is adopted. As the elastic unload is considered, the theory of plasticity with the total deformation is adopted. To apply a perturbation technique, a regularisation of the constitutive law as well as the contact conditions has been used. Compared to the classical iterative method, the A. N. M. Needs always less matriw decompositions and less computing time. The reason of this performance is the ability of the method to decompose only one stiffness matrix by step and to adjust automatically the step size of the local nonlinearity encountered. For the class of problems presented in this thesis, the ANM is efficient, reliable and easy to perform
Deschênes, Ariane. "La règlementation des plateformes de diffusion numériques par le droit canadien : vers une meilleure protection de la diversité des expressions culturelles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34900.
Full textThis study suggests it would be possible for Canadian law to regulate a video-ondemand platform. In fact, distribution and broadcasting technologies have disrupted the cinematographic industry and the Canadian public broadcasting system with profound changes in the broadcast chain and the distribution channel. The video-on-demand platform has taken up a predominant position on the market, without being submitted to the financial contribution to a Canadian creation fund and to the obligation of broadcasting a percentage of Canadian content, while the role of traditional stakeholder, such as cable distributors, is being challenged. Furthermore, the diversity of cultural expression and promotion of Canadian content is not guaranteed on video-on-demand platforms. This study aims to demonstrate that it is possible to regulate the activities of such platforms by Canadian laws. Considering that the Canadian broadcasting policy is still relevant nowadays to maintain the presence of Canadian culture online, this research suggests reviewing the Canadian public broadcasting system in order to adapt it to the digital environment. Finally, this study suggests creating a new regulation system by introducing regulation for the specific intention of Canadian and foreign video-on-demand platforms. This would submit them to the obligation of financial contribution to a Canadian creation fund and to the promotion and discoverability of the Canadian audiovisual contents in the digital space.
Duval, Jean-Louis. "Modélisation mécanique et simulation numérique du processus d'emboutissage et d’étirage." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA132014.
Full textGhanameh, Mohamad Fathi. "Étude numérique et expérimentale des jonctions tubulaires soudées "des plateformes offshore" soumises à des sollicitations complexes : analyse par contrôle non destructif." Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ001S.
Full textIn building offshore platforms, tubular members are used because of their good structural and mechanical properties. Tubular members are connected to one another by special welded joints, which represent structural discontinuities causing significant stress concentrations in the vicinity of the weld. For some joints, the stress concentration can produce a maximum stress at the intersection as high as thirty times the nominal stress acting in the members. Under repead loading, fatigue failures always initiate at the areas, which referred to as "hot-spot" where there are high-level stress concentrations, which called "hot spot stress (HSS)". For this reason, accurate computation of stress concentration is very important in tubular joints design. The first part of this study was devoted to the determination of the stress distributions in the cicinity of joint intersection and to the localization of the zones of stress concentration. With this intention, a modeling by finite elements of twelve types of welded joints commoly employed in offshore industry was established. The loading undergone in service leads to platform displacements in all directions, which takes change of wind direction into account, for this reason combined loading was investigated in addition to the three simple loading types (axial(AX), In Plane Bending(IPB) and Out of Plane Bending (OPB). This combined loading is composed of an axial loading (tension or compression) combined with a continuation of combined bending (rotational bending loading). In second part of this work, the fatigue behaviour of T-joint subjected to a rotational bending loading was investigated. Prior to fatigue testing, tow specimens were instrumented with strain gauges to allow for the measurment of hot spot stress in both the brace and the chord, and results obtained were compared with a detailed numerical study of T-joint to validate the numerical modelling results
Duroux, Patrick. "Évaluation numérique des déformations dans les tôles embouties." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD559.
Full textCourvoisier, Ludovic. "Modélisation analytique et étude numérique de l'écoulement d'une tôle le long d'un jonc de retenue." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Courvoisier.Ludovic.SMZ0101.pdf.
Full textNumerical simulations take a great place in deep drawing processes. But some parts, like drawbeads, are complex and leads to an unacceptable increase in CPU time. The purpose of this work is to develop an analytical model for sheet bending/stretching along drawbead. The geometrical evolution of an elementary length of the sheet is described by the Love-Kirchhoff assumption. The thinning of the sheet is taken into account in the calculation. The assumption of either isotropic or kinematic hardening, and Coulomb's friction is assumed. This model, confirmed by numerical simulations, allowed us to perform a complete parameter analysis, and constitute a tool to choose drawbeads
Delassus, Patrick. "Contribution à l'analyse mécanique et numérique de l'emboutissage hydromécanique de type Aquadraw." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS037.
Full textLoghin, Gligor-Calin. "Observer un Environnement Numérique de Travail pour réguler les activités qui s'y déroulent." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS579.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the observation of educational activities carried out in a digital workspace through the traces left by the activity of learners. Our problematic focuses on the possibility to observe the activities that take place in such an environment and on the dynamic adaptation of this observation during the pedagogical session. This study has led us to propose the FOPAM (Flexible Observation of Pedagogical Activities Model) model to set up a flexible observation process of pedagogical activities that allows to dynamically adapt and change the observation goals during the activity, a language and a multi-agent architecture for the implementation of our observation model. This model has been instantiated in "an observation workbench" enacted in real situations to support educational activities with students and teachers
Causse-Massoni, Elisabeth. "Modélisation numérique par éléments finis de l'emboutissage." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0048.
Full textAlimi, Amel. "Analyse experimentale et numérique multi-échelle du comportement mécanique de l'acier X40CrMoV5-1 : application au matriçage à chaud." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4043/document.
Full textDuring hot forming process, tools are subjected to severe, complex and variable loadings. Acting in synergy, they induce degradation of tooling by various damage processes that depend on several factors including the level of loading, the microstructure of materials in contact and the residual stresses in dies. In order to solve this set of problems, it seems particularly important to study the mechanical behaviour of hot forming tooling material. This study is based on different multi-scale experimental and numerical approaches. To identify damage modes, a damaged hot working tool has been investigated with SEM observations, analysis of residual stresses by XRD and hardness measurements. This expertise highlights the complexity and multi-scale of damage. In view of these results, a first phenomenological approach was developed to predict the cartography of thermal and mechanical stresses in the tool. Multi-scale modelling of the X40CrMoV5-1 steel tool cyclic mechanical behaviour is developed by adopting Chaboche-Lemaitre model initially and operating a self-consistent model in a second time. A comparison of results acquired from the different approaches investigated in the thesis is established
De, Magalhães Correia João Pedro. "Modélisation et étude numérique du plissement des tôles dans les processus d'emboutissage profond." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/DeMagalgaes_Correia.Joao_Pedro.SMZ0125.pdf.
Full textThe development of wrinkles in sheet metal stamping processes is a defect which becomes more and more frequent, owing to the trend in decreasing sheet thickness, so as to decrease the weight of structures. Te aim of this work is the prediction of wrinkling. The influence of plastic anisotropy on wrinkling behavior is also investigated. Two methods are developed in order to capture the initiation of wrinkling. An analytical study of wrinkling is first developed, which allows us to determine wrinkling limit curves (WLC) for a plate and for a doubly-curved shell. The ability of finite element (FE) simulations to capture the onset of wrinkling is also explored. Finite element simulations of real deep drawing processes are then presented. The finite element results are finally compared with the predictions of the analytical WLC and with the experiments. The influence of normal and planar anisotropy on the WLC is discusses. We obtain a good agreement between analytical predictions and the bifurcation estimated from the FE simulations. Moreover, analytical and numerical predictions are in fair agreement with experiments
Barbe, Anne-Sophie. "De l’évaluation par les utilisateurs à l’évaluation ouverte : pouvoirs, valeurs et mesures à l'épreuve du capitalisme de plateformes." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3025.
Full textThis PhD dissertation focuses on the (re)articulation of powers and values when digital platforms open evaluation to their users. While the construct of digital platforms refers to heterogeneous phenomena (chapter 1) digital platforms are generally considered as new organizational forms. Focusing on transaction platforms, we question the foundations of this assumption and show that management scholars retain users’ evaluations as one of its core components (chapter 2). We therefore conceptualize users’ evaluation as open evaluation - i.e. an evaluation without any pre-defined criteria - to enrich the problematization of its political issues (chapter 3). In fact, if Foucauldian studies approach the development of evaluation tools as a broad historical dynamic, more restrictive conceptualizations of power outline the concrete practices through which actors exert power through evaluation tools and insist more specifically on the role of the definition of the evaluation criteria. But how does power serve value when it imposes no common measure of it? Using case studies - conducted at the level of a market populated by platforms (chapter 4) and at the level of a platform (chapter 5) - we show that while platform managers do not define the evaluation criteria to prevail in the evaluations their users perform, they exercise power and insert values in the exchanges that they intermediate by sketching the landscape of the evaluations produced by the users. To do so, they define the commensurative perimeter of these evaluations and specify the relations that unite the stakeholders of the latter
Sol, Credence. "Le droit des artistes-interprètes à la protection de leur travail à l'ère numérique." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2026/document.
Full textThis work provides a broad study of the right of performing artists to protect their performances in the Internet era. The first part of this work explores the theoretical foundation of copyright law, the history of moral rights, and the application of the theory of moral rights to cases affecting performing artists in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. In addition, this work discusses relevant international law, including the Berne Convention and the Beijing Treaty. The second part of this work addresses the history of the movie industry. More specifically, it concentrates on the history of the film industry in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, observing how technological progress in filmmaking techniques have affected the rights of movie actors under both national and international law. The third part of this work proposes a Protocol to the Beijing Treaty that would create a mechanism to lower the barriers to justice that currently prevent performing artists from vindicating their rights. This work concludes with a reflection on the lessons that can be drawn from both the history and the current practices of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France with respect to the moral rights of performing artists, recommending that the three countries provide more significant protections to performing artists going forward
Uittenhove, Kim. "Effets de difficulté séquentielle stratégique : études en cognition numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3129/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we defend the notion that cognitive resources available for strategy execution do not only depend on the participant and current task demands but also on prior task demands. Strategy performance should thus be less efficient when the previous strategy was difficult (i.e., sequential difficulty effects). The notion of sequential difficulty effects was tested in four experiments with computational estimation (i.e., estimating the solution to arithmetic problems by rounding the operands). We found that execution of a mixed-rounding strategy on two-digit addition problems (i.e., rounding one operand down and one operand up) was less efficient after an easy rounding-down strategy than after a difficult rounding-up strategy. Moreover, the effect was stronger in individuals with less efficient working-memory capacity and in Alzheimer patients. These results confirm the existence of strategy sequential difficulty effects and suggest that working memory is involved
Sen, Ananya. "Essais en économie des médias." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10074.
Full textThis thesis consists of three independent and self-contained chapters, all of which have the economics of the media or the internet as the common unifying theme. In Chapter I, we ask whether new technologies change the way political markets work in a democracy. We study the impact of adopting a new technology on campaign contributions received by candidates running for the U.S. Congress. To identify the causal impact of joining Twitter, we com- pare donations just before and just after politicians open an account in regions with high and low levels of Twitter penetration, controlling for politician-month fixed effects. We estimate that opening a Twitter account amounts to an increase of at least 2-3% in donations per campaign. Moreover, this effect holds only for inexperienced politicians who have never been elected to the Congress before. Placebo checks suggest that this impact is not driven by concurrent increase in information about these politicians in newspapers or blogs, TV ads, or campaign expenditures. The gain from opening a Twitter account is stronger for donations coming from new as opposed to repeat donors, for politicians who tweet more informatively, and for politicians from regions with lower newspaper circulation. Overall, our findings suggest that a new communication technology can lower the barriers to entry in political contests by increasing new politicians' opportunities of informing voters and fund-raising. In Chapter II, we ask if clicks received by news stories online, independent of story quality, influence the way editors allocate resources to them, and if so, how? Using a unique online news dataset from a large Indian English daily newspaper, we provide evidence that editors expand coverage of stories which receive more clicks initially. To establish a causal link between clicks and coverage, we use a novel instrumental variables strategy exploiting rainfall and power outages as exogenous shocks to reader access to online news. We find that the newspaper responds asymmetrically to clicks received by hard and soft news stories, giving additional coverage only to popular hard ones providing evidence for hard news crowding out soft news and not vice-versa. Finally, we relate our results to rm strategy and the challenge rms face in handling `big data'. In Chapter III, we examine whether a technology, such as the internet, which increases the set of products available to decision makers, may make the decision makers worse off. We build a model where there is product heterogeneity and decision makers can choose to screen products at a cost. In equilibrium, an increase in the choice set can lower a decision maker's payoff by raising the number of products which, on average, are of lower quality than those which were available earlier. An additional product can impose a negative externality on the decision maker by adversely a effecting the statistical quality of its existing product pool. We discuss applications to the phenomenon of attention congestion through advances in digital technology
Li, Bo. "L'interface multi-utilisateur pour le travail collaboratif avec les multiples représentations de la maquette numérique." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0065/document.
Full textThe current industrial management tools generally rely on Concurrent Engineering, which involves conducting Product Lifecycle Management stages in parallel and integrating technical data for sharing across different experts. Various experts use domain-specific software to produce various data into Digital mock-up. These multidisciplinary experts have trends to work collaboratively during product development. During co-located synchronous collaborative design activities, such as project review and decision-making, experts from different domains must discuss, negotiate, and compromise to solve multidisciplinary differences. Many areas, such as early collaborative design and multi-expert product evaluation, have a great demand for new collaborative support tools. With the development of Human Computer Interaction, it is possible to devise more intuitive tools to enhance co-located collaboration across experts.In this thesis, to enhance the collaboration with experts on different domains to communicate with DMU, a multi-user interface across users with different representations during a collaborative work has been taken into consideration and its influence on co-located multidisciplinary collaboration is investigated. A schema of the methodology for evaluating the contribution to a multi-user system and the multiple users’ experiences is proposed. Results of experiments show the significances of the efficiency of task, the usability of interface, and the performance of collaboration during the use of multi-user CHI in multidisciplinary collaborative scenarios. The contributions of what multi-user interface brings to the design criteria of multi-user interface and multi-user co-located collaboration are discussed
Hoc, Thierry. "Études expérimentale et numérique de la localisation lors changements de trajets dans un acier doux." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0632.
Full textKarim, Mohamed. "L’appropriation du tachygraphe numérique par les conducteurs d’une société privée de transport public de voyageurs." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0047.
Full textThis work concentrates on a device that manages and controls working times for the drivers of a private transportation company (Coaches N): the digital tachymeter. To our knowledge, this tool, designed and enforced by the European Union in order to enhance traffic security, has never been investigated so far. A plural theoretical approach of the question of its appropriation, of its factors and of the users’ typologies is adopted. This approach is based on the numerous previous studies on management tools and technology appropriation. Seventy four interviews with employees and managers were conducted during a three year involvement inside the company. An inductive logic was adopted. Our research shows one the one hand that: 1. An effective appropriation of the digital tachymeter from the company and its drivers is evidenced. 2. Several factors impact this appropriation by the drivers: factors related to the device properties (ease of use, complexity, efficiency, compatibility, obligation), individual factors (professional experience, family status, personal efficiency, self-image), and contextual factors (external control authority, internal control processes, colleagues’ attitude). 3. Four attitudes towards the device are shown: rejection, use, adaptation/hijack, displacement. One the other hand, the adoption of a technology that controls working times in a company is nothing but neutral. Step by step, the relationship between managers and drivers, as well as drivers’ conception of their profession, are shaken. The adoption of such a technology not only alters the practices and relations, but the very notion of appropriation appears in an even more complex fashion
Ladreyt, Thierry. "Modélisation bidimensionnelle et simulation numérique des processus de mise en forme des tôles dans l'industrie automobile." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0137.
Full textKovacevic, Jovana. "Plateformes d'innovation ouverte (PIO) : la dynamique des discussions orientées innovation dans le Web Community Management." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED069.
Full textIn the context of closed inbound innovation, as a form of open innovation practice, the quality of coordination among employees takes an important place. Innovative ideas can appear at any moment of the numerous formal and informal conversations. Concept generation is a key moment of upstream innovation processes. Thanks to internal web-platforms, in many organizations employees are integrated within the innovation processes and often, community discussions are organized on-line. We carry an empirical exploration by analyzing on-line, innovation-oriented, web community discussions that we have had the opportunity to co-animate throughout collaboration with a consulting firm. The innovation-oriented online discussions were launched in the context of an online community of employees to allow its members to go beyond daily discussions and further explore one trend or opportunity for the group. In this dissertation, we explore the dynamic of online collaborative concept generation at ideation stage. Therefore, we present three sets of results: firstly, we describe the general conversational dynamics of online innovation-oriented discussions, secondly contextualized community management practices, then the collaborative dynamics of concept generation. Finally, we try to establish a general framework enabling the analysis of an online innovation-oriented conversation. This research leads us to further discuss the links between open innovation platforms and the innovation organization