Journal articles on the topic 'Plateaux areas'
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1
Rea, Brice R., W. Brian Whalley, Tom S. Dixon, and John E. Gordon. "Plateau icefields as contributing areas to valley glaciers and the potential impact on reconstructed ELAs: a case study from the Lyngen Alps, North Norway." Annals of Glaciology 28 (1999): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781822020.
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AbstractPlateau icefields occur commonly in glacierized areas and not uncommonly in glaciated mountains. We report on a glacierized area of plateaux and valleys centred round the highest peak Jiehkkevárri (1833 m) in the maritime Lyngen Alps, North Norway. Some valley glaciers are fed by steep, narrow plateau glacier outlets and/or ice avalanching from the plateaux over precipitous cliffs. Plateaux must therefore be considered as “contributing areas”, if they supply ice to valley systems below. Equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) are calculated for the valley glaciers during the Little Ice Age (LIA), accounting for both input and no input of ice from plateaux above. The results show that ELAs may be at significantly higher altitudes when plateau/x are contributing ice mass. The response of plateau glaciers to climate amelioration since the end of the LIA is somewhat different to that of valley glaciers, which appear to be retreating markedly. These findings have significant implications for the interpretation of moraine systems, glacier dynamics, the construction and reconstruction of present and former ELAs, and palaeoclimates in glacierized and glaciated mountain plateau areas.
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Mouritsen, Kim N., Lone T. Mouritsen, and K. Thomas Jensen. "Change of Topography and Sediment Characteristics on an Intertidal Mud-Flat Following Mass-Mortality of the Amphipod Corophium Volutator." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 4 (November 1998): 1167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400044404.
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A Corophium-bed characterized by a mosaic of emerged areas and tidal pools during low water was established on an intertidal flat in the southern part of the Danish Wadden Sea. In spring 1990, the plateaux harboured relatively high densities of the amphipod Corophium volutator, whereas the amphipods were almost absent in the pools. Following a parasite-induced mass-mortality in the population of Corophium, summer 1990, the plateaux of the bed were subjected to sediment erosion. The heterogeneous plateau-pool structure disappeared, accompanied by increased median particle diameter and decreased silt content in the former plateau sediment. These events were accompanied by increased chlorophyll-a concentrations in the sediment of both plateau and pool areas.The results suggest Corophium volutator to be the single most important organism stabilizing the plateau sediment, and hence, the heterogeneous topographic structure of the Corophium-bed. It is proposed that the stabilizing effect of Corophium burrows also in deeper sediment strata may outweigh the surface stabilizing influence of epipelic diatoms, as well as the negative effect of amphipods eating the diatoms, in non-cohesive coarser sediments.
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Wang, Jin, De Gang Duan, and Jie Shen. "A Research on the Planning Strategy of Eco-Demonstration Zones in High Altitude Areas — a Case Study of Tanggula Town." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1632.
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The unruled development of construction land, along with the disordered planning and deteriorating living environment, etc. has long been prevalent in those small towns in the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau. This paper, thus, conducts some on-the-spot investigations and analyses of Tanggula town. The paper departs from the disparities between the current conditions of Tanggula town and the standards of eco- demonstration zone, proposing some strategies in the aspects of development direction, land use layout, facility layout, architecture and the town's features, aiming to exert positive influence upon the planning of small towns in plateaux.
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Virgós, Emilio, Teresa Romero, and Julián G. Mangas. "Factors determining "gaps" in the distribution of a small carnivore, the common genet (Genetta genetta), in central Spain." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 1544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-114.
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We studied the pattern of distribution of the common genet (Genetta genetta) in areas in mountains and plains of central Spain, in the middle of the range of the species. We evaluated the role of temperature, rainfall, and habitat features in determining the ecological limits of genet distribution. Genets were very scarce on plateaux and the upper parts of the mountains, but were widely distributed in lower mountain areas. Genets were present in areas with abundant shrub cover, high mean of the mean minimum temperature and high mean of mean winter temperatures. Survey routes at the same altitude (<1000 m) in the mountains (genets abundant) and on the plateaux (genets very scarce) also differed in some of these variables, with low values on the plateaux for shrub cover, mean of the mean minimum temperatures, mean of the mean winter temperatures, and annual rainfall. Genets originated in Africa, therefore they are probably ill-adapted (morphologically and physiologically) for the cold conditions predominating in most of central Spain. Their preference for shrubby habitats may be linked to a greater availability of food and low risk of predation. Intermediate levels of rainfall may be correlated with higher temperatures, the key factor hypothesized to affect the distribution of this species. The distribution of the common genet fits a multimodal model, with peaks (presence) and valleys (absence) in the middle of its range, indicating that location in a particular part of the range is not a prior indicator of habitat suitability for the species.
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MABOSSY-MOBOUNA, Germain, and Aubry Babain LOUBELO. "Evaluation of the nutritional status of children under 5 years old from farmers, fishermen and fish farmers in the northern areas of the Republic of Congo." Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition 5, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/rjfsn2020.096.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of children under 5 years old in the households of farmers, fishermen and fish farmers in the areas of Sangha, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest and Plateaux. The correlation between the nutritional status of the children and the main activities of the households was established by the anthropometric measurements of nutritional status from the weight/age/height indices. The results showed that the prevalence of the three types of malnutrition in children from 0 to 59 months were 9.8% for underweight, 19.2% for stunting and 8.9% for wasting. Nevertheless, they presented spatial variations in the studied areas. The malnutrition incidence was higher in girls in Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest and Plateaux, compared to boys. In contrary to this, in Sangha the malnutrition incidence was detected higher in boys than in girls. The children of the households surveyed were victims of the three types of malnutrition. Overall, the main activity of the household surveyed had an influence on the nutritional status of the child. However, this influence varied according to the type of malnutrition.
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Mcguffie, K., and A. Henderson-Sellers. "The Diurnal Hysteresis of Snow Albedo." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 108 (1985): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000006456.
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AbstractThe appearance of a diurnal hysteresis in snow albedo is a widely reported phenomenon. This note discusses the relative importance of two separate effects: surface morphosis and surface irregularities (sastrugi). It is concluded that surface morphosis is the more important effect of the two in the region of the marginal cryosphere. Surface irregularities probably are the dominant influence only on permanent cryospheric areas such as the Greenland and Antarctic plateaux.
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Mcguffie, K., and A. Henderson-Sellers. "The Diurnal Hysteresis of Snow Albedo." Journal of Glaciology 31, no. 108 (1985): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000006456.
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AbstractThe appearance of a diurnal hysteresis in snow albedo is a widely reported phenomenon. This note discusses the relative importance of two separate effects: surface morphosis and surface irregularities (sastrugi). It is concluded that surface morphosis is the more important effect of the two in the region of the marginal cryosphere. Surface irregularities probably are the dominant influence only on permanent cryospheric areas such as the Greenland and Antarctic plateaux.
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Tscheuschner, Ralf D., Sascha Hoch, Eva Leschinsky, Cedrik Meier, Sabine Theis, and Andreas D. Wieck. "Robustness of the Quantum Hall Effect, Sample Size Versus Sample Topology, and Quality Control Management of III–V Molecular Beam Epitaxy." International Journal of Modern Physics B 12, no. 11 (May 10, 1998): 1147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979298000636.
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We measure the IQHE on macroscopic (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm) "quick and dirty" prepared III–V heterostructure samples with van der Pauw and modified Corbino geometries at 1.3 K. We compare our results with (i) data taken on smaller specimens, among them samples with a standard Hall bar geometry, (ii) results of our numerical analysis taking inhomogenities of the 2DEG into account. Our main finding is a confirmation of the expected robustness of the IQHE which favors the development of wide plateaux for small filling factors and very large samples sizes (here with areas 10 000 times larger than in standard arrangements).
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Dhia, Hamed Ben. "Thermal regime and hydrodynamics in Tunisia and Algeria." GEOPHYSICS 56, no. 7 (July 1991): 1093–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443121.
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The thermal regime of Algeria and Tunisia and its relation to hydrodynamics is studied by means of available geological and geothermal, and petroleum data. Heat flow densities in the area range from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Several Paleozoic to Tertiary aquifers have been identified, together with potential recharge and discharge areas. The area is a transition zone between the African and European plates. The more tectonically active northern Alpine domain does not exhibit an obvious geothermal trend, and high heat flow anomalies that occur there may be related to structure rather than hydrodynamics. The more stable southern Saharan tectonic domain, with background heat flow of approximately [Formula: see text], exhibits anomalous zones correlated to the hydrodynamic regime with low values in recharge areas (Algerian Tinrhert and High Plateaux) and values in discharge areas (Tunisian Jeffara and Algerian Tademait). The hydrodynamic perturbation to the normal heat flow is estimated to be as great as [Formula: see text] in recharge and discharge zones.
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Southwell, CJ, CJ Southwell, MS Fletcher, and MS Fletcher. "Diurnal and Nocturnal Habitat Utilisation by the Whiptail Wallaby, Macropus Parryi." Wildlife Research 15, no. 6 (1988): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880595.
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Diurnal and nocturnal habitat use was determined from walk transect counts in a 40 000 ha study area in SE Queensland containing 3 land systems: (a) alluvial flats mainly clear of natural vegetation; (b) hills extending from the alluvial flats with open forest; and (c) plateaux with grassy and shrubby open forest. Habitat utilization was examined in relation to 3 vegetation variables (shrub density, live tree density and dead tree density) and 3 topographic variables (altitude, aspect and slope). Utilization was most consistent between day and night for live tree density and slope, being biased toward areas of moderate live tree density and against flat areas at both times. A preference for areas with moderate shrub density was more pronounced during the day than at night. Areas with moderate dead tree density were strongly preferred over areas with low dead tree density during the day, but at night there was no strong bias for or against areas with dead trees. M. parryi avoided very low altitudes at all times. Utilization of higher areas varied day and night, a diurnal preference for higher altitudes being ameliorated by some apparent downhill movement to lower slopes at night. A preference during the day for north and west aspects was not evident at night.
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Walters, Gretchen M., Diosdado Nguema, and Raoul Niangadouma. "Flora and fire in an old-growth Central African forest-savanna mosaic: a checklist of the Parc National des Plateaux Batéké (Gabon)." Plant Ecology and Evolution 155, no. 2 (May 5, 2022): 189–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.85954.
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Background and aims – Old-growth savannas in Africa are impacted by fire, have endemic and geoxylic suffrutices, and are understudied. This paper explores the Parc National des Plateaux Batéké (PNPB) in Gabon and the impact of fire on its flora to understand if it is an old-growth savanna. It presents 1) a vascular plant checklist, including endemic species and geoxylic suffrutices and 2) an analysis of the impact of fire on the savanna herbaceous flora, followed by recommendations for fire management to promote plant diversity. Material and methods – 1,914 botanical collections from 2001–2019 collected by the authors and others were extracted from two herbaria databases in 2021 to create the checklist. The impact of fire was explored through a three season plot-based inventory of plant species (notably forbs and geoxylic suffrutices) in five annually, dry-season burned study areas located at 600 m in elevation. A two-factor ANOVA was conducted across two burn treatments and three season treatments. Key results – The area has a vascular flora of 615 taxa. Seven species are endemic to the Plateaux Batéké forest-savanna mosaic. Seventeen species are fire-dependent geoxylic suffrutices, attesting to the ancient origins of these savannas. Burning promotes fire-dependent species. Conclusion – The PNPB aims to create a culturally-adapted fire management plan. The combination of customary fire and fire-adapted species in the savanna creates a unique ancient forest-savanna mosaic in Central Africa that merits protection while recognising the role that the Batéké-Alima people have in shaping and governing this landscape.
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Korotayev, Andrey. "Apologia for ‘the Sabaean cultural-political area’." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 57, no. 3 (October 1994): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00008879.
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Firstly, I accept Beeston's proposal to refer ‘to linguistic data as Minaic, Sabaic, Qatabanic and Hadramitic, leaving Minaean etc. for non-linguistic contexts’ (Beeston, 1987a: 13). His argument (at least with respect to the distinction between the ‘Sabaean’ and the ‘Sabaic’) looks entirely convincing:The Sabaeans were the inhabitants of the area around Ma'rib. But they shared a common language(no doubt with dialectal varieties) with the peoples of the desert fringes between Ma'rib and Wadial-Jawf, of a considerable part of Wadi al-Jawf itself, and of the high plateaux lying in the angle of those two areas—Arḥab, Qā‘ al-Bawn, Qā‘ Ṣany‘ā’ etc. It is dubious whether these other peoples would have called themselves Sabaeans,1 and it might be preferable therefore to term the language Sabaic rather than Sabaean’ (Beeston, 1979: 115).
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Soulsby, C., R. Malcolm, R. Helliwell, and R. C. Ferrier. "Hydrogeochemsitry of montane springs and their influence on streams in the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 3 (September 30, 1999): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-3-409-1999.
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Abstract. Springs are important groundwater discharge points on the high altitude (>800m) plateaux of the Cairngorm mountains, Scotland and form important wetland habitats within what is often a dry, sub-arctic landscape. The hydrogeochemistry of a typical spring in the Allt a'Mharcaidh catchment was examined between 1995-98 in order to characterise its chemical composition, identify the dominant controls on its chemical evolution and estimate groundwater residence time using 18O isotopes. Spring water, sustained by groundwater flow in shallow drift deposits and fractured bedrock, was moderately acidic (mean pH 5.89), with a very low alkalinity (mean 18 μeq l-1) and the ionic composition was dominated by sea-salts derived from atmospheric sources. Geochemical modelling using NETPATH, predicted that the dissolution of plagioclase mainly controls the release of Si, non-marine Na, Ca, K and Al into spring water. Hydrological conditions influenced seasonal variations in spring chemistry, with snowmelt associated with more rapid groundwater flows and lower weathering rates than summer discharges. Downstream of the spring, the chemistry of surface water was fundamentally different as a result of drainage from larger catchment areas, with increased soil and drift cover, and higher evaporation rates. Thus, the hydrogeochemical influence of springs on surface waters appears to be localized. Mean δ18O values in spring water were lower and more damped than those in precipitation. Nevertheless, a sinusoidal seasonal pattern was observed and used to estimate mean residence times of groundwater of around 2 years. Thus, in the high altitude plateau of the Cairngorms, shallow, coarse drift deposits from significant aquifers. At lower altitudes, deeper drift deposits, combined with larger catchment areas, increase mean groundwater residence times to >5 years. At high altitudes, the shallow, permeable nature of the drifts dictates that groundwater is vulnerable to impacts of environmental changes that could be usefully monitored at spring sites.
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Bouby, Laurent, Marinval Philippe, and Rovira Núria. "Late Neolithic plant subsistence and farming activities on the southern margins of the Massif Central (France)." Holocene 30, no. 5 (January 8, 2020): 599–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619895576.
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Seed and fruit remains from archaeological sites provide the most direct source of evidence on ancient crops and plant food resources. Earlier studies on late Neolithic sites (3500–2200 BC) in the Grands Causses and Hérault valley areas focused on cave and rock-shelter sites. Here, we discuss new and previously published archaeobotanical evidence from open-air settlements, which should be considered as more representative of the standard subsistence and farming economy. Patterns in the data have been analyzed through sample densities, diversity index, taxa ubiquities, and abundance by means of correspondence factor analysis. Contrary to what is assumed in other Western European regions for that period, the available dataset indicates that cereals were consumed and therefore probably cultivated on a regular basis in the Grands Causses and Hérault valley. The range of crops and collected wild fruits was the same in both areas but certain differences existed. As in other regions, einkorn played a significant role during the late Neolithic, but it was more common in the Hérault valley than in the Grands Causses plateaux. On the other hand, the collection of wild fruits seemed to be of more importance in the hinterland than in the littoral area. The more striking difference concerns crop processing activities and the use of glume wheat by-products. They are much more common in the Grands Causses samples.
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Eszterhás, István, and George Szentes. "Geological sketch and the non-karstic caves of the Bakony Mountains in Hungary." Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe. Revista de Xeoloxía Galega e do Hercínico Peninsular 37 (December 9, 2013): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/cadlaxe.2013.37.0.3579.
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The about 4000 km2 Bakony Mountains form the most extensive region of the Trans-Danubien Mountains between Lake Balaton and Marcal River. They have a typical medium relief, including plateaux of various heights, and denudated fault blocks interspersed with inter mountain basins. In the southern and western areas of the mountains, basalt cones and basaltic sheets are frequently found. In the central area, the variously sloping landscape is inclined towards the blocks. Limestone and dolomite predominate, and there are extensive karst regions and numerous karst caves. Of course, from the point of view of the non-karstic caves, these regions are insignificant. Significantly smaller is the occurrence of quartziferous (sandstone and conglomerate) and basalt rocks, however 147 non-karstic cave are known in these rocks and, in addition, 35 artificial cavities, considered as caves, are listed. The authors describe the geology, the geomorphology and the non-karstic cave development of the Bakony Mountains. Furthermore, typical examples of the caves have been selected and presented according to the different rock formations and development types.
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Chen, Xiang Yang. "Quaternary sedimentation, parna, landforms, and soil landscapes of the Wagga Wagga 1 : 100 000 map sheet, south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 35, no. 3 (1997): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96071.
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The Wagga Wagga 1 : 100 000 map sheet is on the Western Slopes of southern New South Wales. The regional topography changes from hills in the east and south-east to gently sloping rises and alluvial plains in the west. Aeolian clays (parna) form a consistent clay regolith regardless of the underlying geology in the gently sloping areas. In some alluvial plains and on some lower hill slopes, the surficial sediments contain a significant portion of reworked parna. In hilly areas, parna is poorly preserved except on some remnant ancient land surfaces, such as dissected plateaux and piedmont plains. The soil pattern in the area is well controlled by landform processes and history. On relatively steep hill slopes, locally derived materials from weathering of bedrock are usually the dominant components of the soils, and geology is the dominant factor controlling soil distribution. In contrast, the Murrumbidgee high floodplain is covered by uniform silty clay with deep clayey soils (brown/grey Dermosols). Before the mid-Holocene, the alluvium mainly comprised sands and gravels, which were reworked by wind forming sand sheets and sand mounds (source-bordering dunes) on which deep sandy soils (Rudosols) now occur. The sediments and soils on the alluvial plains of local streams vary according to their distance from the source area and the flooding frequency. Areas considered to be mantled by parna, uniform red clayey soils (haplic red Kandosols/Chromosols) occur. Although the distribution pattern of the soils is controlled by the landform evolution, the relationships between soil morphological properties and topography are not readily quantified. On the alluvial and gently sloping landforms, soil properties usually show little change even though slope gradient and slope length vary. Some soils, e.g. the Rudosols on the sand sheets, rarely show any topographic features which may indicate their presence. In limited areas, e.g. on steeper hills formed on metasedimentary rock, the soil properties vary with changes in topographic parameters (slope gradient and slope length).
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Tylmann, Karol, Piotr P. Woźniak, and Vincent R. Rinterknecht. "Erratics selection for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating – an optimization approach." Baltica 31, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2018.31.10.
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The paper presents a method for the selection of large erratics to be sampled for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating (TCNED) in areas previously covered by Pleistocene ice sheets. Our approach is based on (1) a GIS analysis of an extensive dataset of erratics, (2) field inspection of pre-selected boulders and (3) Schmidt hammer (SH) testing of erratics selected for sampling. An initial database of 491 erratic boulders in NW Poland was filtered using a GIS software, based on their characteristics, digital elevation and surface geology. The secondary data set of pre-selected erratics consisted of 135 boulders – i.e. proper targets for field inspection. Ground-truthing in the field resulted in the final selection of 63 boulders suitable for sampling for TCNED. These erratics are located on moraine plateaux and hills formed during the Saalian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 6) as well as Leszno/Brandenburg, Poznań/Frankfurt and Pomeranian Phase ice marginal belts from the Weichselian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 2). The GIS desk-based analysis of erratics properties resulted in a 73% reduction of the initial dataset, which demonstrates the added value of this selection technique. The field inspection of pre-selected boulders resulted in a 53% reduction of the number of boulders suitable for TCNED. SH testing of the sampled erratics provided a quantitative proxy of their surface hardness. This allowed the quantification of their weathering degree and identification of erratics potentially affected by postglacial erosion. Our systematic approach to selecting erratics and their SH testing could be a useful tool for other researchers facing the problem of choosing appropriate erratics for TCNED in areas of continental Pleistocene glaciations.
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Hounsou, B. Mathieu, A. C. Sandra Boko, S. Prudence Badjito, M. Voltaire Alofa, and K. Euloge Agbossou. "Incidences socio-économiques et sanitaires de la mise en valeur durable des bas-fonds de la commune de Zagnanado (département du Zou, Bénin)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1786–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.22.
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La mise en valeur des terres humides entraîne une amélioration de la production agricole, mais est parfois la cause des problèmes de santé chez certains exploitants. L’étude faite sur les bas-fonds de la commune de Zagnanado précisément ceux de Dovi-Zounnou, de klobo-gbadji, de Bamè et de Zonmon porte sur la caractérisation socio-sanitaire des ménages agricoles dans le cadre d’une exploitation durable des zones humides. Les conditions naturelles qui déterminent ces écosystèmes font de ces derniers, des sites qui font face aux situations sanitaires difficiles et contraignantes du fait de certaines affections (paludisme, gastro-entérite, cholera, l’ulcère de Buruli, la dracunculose, etc.…) liées à l’environnement. Il résulte de ces affections, des pertes de jours d’activités dont les conséquences au plan économique sont importantes. Dans la présente étude, des entretiens de groupe semi-structurés ont été tenus dans (04) villages exploitant les bas-fonds sur 10 que compte la Commune. De plus, un échantillonnage raisonné de 304 ménages agricoles soit 62% a été constitué et prenant en compte les ménages exclusifs des bas-fonds, les ménages mixtes et les ménages exclusifs des plateaux. L’estimation de la perte financière a été réalisée en fonction du nombre de jours de travail perdu, des coûts de traitement et les dépenses en main d’oeuvre. Les résultats ont montré que, i) l’exploitation agricole des bas-fonds a amélioré la production maraîchère (piment) et le revenu agricole des exploitants comparativement aux ménages exploitant exclusivement les plateaux ; ii) la prévalence du paludisme, des gastro-entérites, du choléra, de l’ulcère de Buruli et de la dracunculose est plus élevée dans les ménages exploitant les bas-fonds (15,75%) comparativement aux ménages exploitant exclusivement les plateaux (10,75%). De plus, ces maladies entraînent des pertes financières liées aux pertes de jours d’activité considérables pour les ménages exploitant exclusivement les bas-fonds qui peuvent s’évaluer à plus de 180 000 FCFA par hectare pour la campagne. Tout ceci montre que l’exploitation des zones inondables constitue une stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté mais elle a un effet sur la santé des populations.Mots clés : Bas-fonds, ménages agricoles, écosystème, maladies hydriques, Zagnanado.
English Title: Socio-economic and health impacts of the sustainable development of inlands valleys in Zagnanado municipality (department of Zou, Benin)Wetland development leads to improved agricultural production, but is sometimes the cause of health problems for some farmers. The study of the low lands areas of the municipality of Zagnanado, specifically those of Dovi-Zounnou, klobo-gbadji, Bamè and Zonmon, focuses on the socio-health characterization of agricultural households in the context of sustainable exploitation of wetlands. The natural conditions that determine these ecosystems make them sites that face difficult and restrictive health situations due to certain conditions (malaria, gastroenteritis, cholera, Buruli ulcer, dracunculosis, etc.) related to the environment. As a result of these conditions, the loss of activity days, the economic consequences of which are significant. In this study, semi-structured group interviews were held in 4 villages of 10 exploiting the valley areas in the Commune. In addition, a reasoned sample of 304 agricultural households, or 62%, was compiled, taking into account exclusive low lands households, mixed households and exclusive up lands households. The estimation of the financial loss was based on the number of working days lost, processing costs and labour costs. The results showed that, (i) low lands farming improved vegetable production (pepper) and farmers' farm income compared to households exclusively operating on up lands; (ii) the prevalence of malaria, gastro-enteritis, cholera, Buruli ulcer and dracunculosis is higher in low lands households (15.75%) compared to households operating exclusively on the up lands area (10.75%). In addition, these diseases result in financial losses related to the loss of significant working days for households operating exclusively in the low lands, which can amount to more than 180,000 CFA francs per campaign. In conclusion, the exploitation of flood zones is a strategy to fight poverty but it has an effect on the health of populations.Keywords: Valleys, agricultural households, ecosystems, water diseases, Zagnanado.
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Johannessen, Peter N. "Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of paralic and shallow marine Upper Jurassic sandstones in the northern Danish Central Graben." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 1 (October 28, 2003): 367–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v1.4678.
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Paralic and shallow marine sandstones were deposited in the Danish Central Graben during Late Jurassic rifting when half-grabens were developed and the overall eustatic sea level rose. During the Kimmeridgian, an extensive plateau area consisting of the Heno Plateau and the Gertrud Plateau was situated between two highs, the Mandal High to the north, and the combined Inge and Mads Highs to the west. These highs were land areas situated on either side of the plateaus and supplied sand to the Gertrud and Heno Plateaus. Two graben areas, the Feda and Tail End Grabens, flanked the plateau area to the west and east, respectively. The regressive–transgressive succession consists of intensely bioturbated shoreface sandstones, 25–75 m thick. Two widespread unconformities (SB1, SB2) are recognised on the plateaus, forming the base of sequence 1 and sequence 2, respectively. These unconformities were created by a fall in relative sea level during which rivers may have eroded older shoreface sands and transported sediment across the Heno and Gertrud Plateaus, resulting in the accumulation of shoreface sandstones farther out in the Feda and Tail End Grabens, on the south-east Heno Plateau and in the Salt Dome Province. During subsequent transgression, fluvial sediments were reworked by high-energy shoreface processes on the Heno and Gertrud Plateaus, leaving only a lag of granules and pebbles on the marine transgressive surfaces of erosion (MTSE1, MTSE2). The sequence boundary SB1 can be traced to the south-east Heno Plateau and the Salt Dome Province, where it is marked by sharp-based shoreface sandstones. During low sea level, erosion occurred in the southern part of the Feda Graben, which formed part of the Gertrud and Heno Plateaus, and sedimentation occurred in the Norwegian part of the Feda Graben farther to the north. During subsequent transgression, the southern part of the Feda Graben began to subside, and a succession of backstepping back-barrier and shoreface sediments, 90 m thick, was deposited. In the deep Tail End and Feda Grabens and the Salt Dome Province, sequence boundary SB2 is developed as a conformity, indicating that there was not a significant fall in relative sea level in these grabens, probably as a result of high subsidence rates. Backstepping lower shoreface sandstones overlie SB2 and show a gradual fining-upwards to offshore claystones that are referred to the Farsund Formation. On the plateaus, backstepping shoreface sandstones of sequence 2 are abruptly overlain by offshore claystones, indicating a sudden deepening and associated cessation of sand supply, probably caused by drowning of the sediment source areas on the Mandal, Inge and Mads Highs. During the Volgian, the Gertrud Plateau began to subside and became a graben. During the Late Kimmeridgian – Ryazanian, a long-term relative sea-level rise resulted in deposition of a thick succession of offshore claystones forming highstand and transgressive systems tracts on the Heno Plateau, and in the Gertrud, Feda and Tail End Grabens.
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ALLAL, Ahmed, Khalfallah BOUDJEMAA, and Salim DEHIMI. "THE EFFECT OF SPATIAL DIFFERENCES ON THE QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE A COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THREE CITIES IN THE HIGH PLATEAUX REGION OF ALGERIA." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 40, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.40122-818.
Full textAbstract:
The urban areas in Algeria suffer from several imbalances in different regions, where the inequality of opportunities has led to an imbalance in the population density “from north to south”. And to the urban chaos, this matter made it face many challenges, which prompted us to search for this defect. Development plans in Algeria focus on the role of cities with high hills in restoring balance to the national sphere and reducing these disparities. The study aims to extract and evaluate the spatial differences of the three cities and reveal the spatial disparities, in order to establish a balanced regional development, while preparing the various development plans, based on several criteria by integrating the Delphi method with the analytical hierarchy process, and determining its spatial regions in the (GIS) environment. Through a comparative study of three cities, the study showed the progress of the city of Setif, achieving (11%) of the study area, achieving high quality, with an area (14.50 km²), Al-M’sila (03%) with an area (7.99 km²). Barika (01%) with an area of (3.98 km2). The results can be used during the preparation of development plans for this region.
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Rakha, Emad A., Rachel L. Bennett, Derek Coleman, Sarah E. Pinder, and Ian O. Ellis. "Review of the national external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for breast pathology in the UK." Journal of Clinical Pathology 70, no. 1 (July 12, 2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203800.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP; pathology) external quality assurance (EQA) scheme aims to provide a mechanism for examination and monitoring of concordance of pathology reporting within the UK. This study aims to review the breast EQA scheme performance data collected over a 24-year period following its introduction.MethodsData on circulations, number of cases and diagnosis were collected. Detailed analyses with and without combinations of certain diagnostic entities, and over different time periods were performed.ResultsOverall, of 576 cases (172 benign, 11 atypical hyperplasia, 98 ductal carcinoma in situ/microinvasive and 295 invasive disease), consistency of assessment of diagnostic parameters was very high (overall k=0.80; k for benign diagnosis=0.79; k for invasive disease=0.91). For distinguishing benign versus malignant lesions, no further improvement is considered possible in view of the limitations of the scheme methodology. Although diagnostic consistency of atypical hyperplasia remains at a low level, combining it with the benign category results in a high level of agreement (k=0.93). The level of consistency of reporting prognostic information is variable and some items such as lymphovascular invasion and tumour size measurement may need further intervention to improve their reporting consistency. Although the level of consistency of reporting of histological grade remained at a moderate level overall (k=0.48), it was variable among cases and appears to have levelled off; no further significant improvement is expected and no significant impact of the previous publication of guidelines is observed.ConclusionsThese results provide further evidence to indicate the value of the breast EQA scheme in monitoring performance and the identification of specific areas where improvement or new approaches are required. For most parameters, the concordance of reporting reached a plateaux a few years after the introduction of the EQA scheme. It is important to maintain this high level and also to tackle specific low-performance areas innovatively.
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Su, Benyu, Rongfu Rao, Zhixiong Li, Lei Song, and Jianhua Yue. "Detecting Permafrost in Plateau and Mountainous Areas by Airborne Transient Electromagnetic Sensing." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081229.
Full textAbstract:
Transportation has become a key bottleneck which restricts economic development in Western China. However, during the construction of the western railway, the permafrost problem has plagued railway construction on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and has not yet been resolved. Accurately identifying permafrost by geophysical method is the most effective means to solve this problem. However, the mountainous and plateau terrain in Western China impose huge challenges in collecting geophysical data. To address this issue, this paper proposes an airborne transient electromagnetic method to collect geophysical electromagnetic data to identify permafrost in the mountains and plateaus of Western China. Based on Maxwell’s equations, the forward model of the airborne electromagnetic was derived, and the finite element method was used to calculate the two-dimensional (2D) space electromagnetic responses of different permafrost geo-electrical models. Furthermore, a coupling function was constructed to estimate the distribution of the resistivity of the permafrost by the least-squares fitting algorithm. Comparison between inversion resistivity distribution and the geo-electrical model showed that the proposed airborne transient electromagnetic method was valid for exploring the permafrost in the mountains and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in Western China.
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Seul, Cyprian. "Warunki geologiczno-inżynierskie na obszarze strefy krawędziowej Wzgórz Warszewskich." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia 70, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/b.2015.70.2.9.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Development trends of the modern city imply a reduction in the number of inhabitants in its centre, and thus the construction of dormitory suburbs on the outskirts of the city. One of the potential areas for the development ofSzczecinis its northern part, i.e. the so-called Warszewo Hills. This area has both latitudinal and meridional extents of about 8 km, and is characterized by complicated engineering-geological conditions. It lies at altitudes ranging from the sea level (OdraRiver) to 130.9 m a.s.l. (Wielecka Góra), and has very varied relief. Its landscape consists of hills and flat plateaux, which are cut by deep small valleys, some of them with streams (e.g. the Warszewiec stream). Geological structure is characterized by the occurrence of glacitectonically disturbed moraine deposits mixed with the Tertiary sands and clays. Taking into account geodynamic processes and their intensity, the wide edge zone of the Warszewo Hills can be divided into three main parts: plateau with the upper edge of slope (area of precipitation infiltration), slope, which is cut by small erosion valleys in places (area of surface water and groundwater flow), slope foot (area of water flow and accumulation of slope deposits). One of the most important tasks of the design-investment process is to take action in such a way as to interfere as little as possible in the natural environment and at the same time to achieve the intended purpose. Predominant occurrence of cohesive deposits in the described area (Oligocene scaled clay mixed with moraine disturbed material) results in a high susceptibility of ground to moisture changes. Strength parameters of stable slopes built of clays considerably decrease under the influence of increasing moisture and thixotropy phenomenon. Then landslide processes are triggered, as well as very slow, hardly noticeable in a short time, soil creep. The complicated arrangement of deposit layers results in spatial variability of groundwater level, and proper design of building foundation is difficult, even in the case of a small, detached house. Too much interference in the landform features (through macro-levelling, construction of streets and routes in the area with steep slopes), the decrease of water retention and increase of surface runoff contribute to an intensification of some geodynamic processes. </p>
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Kontak, Daniel J., Richard J. Horne, Hamish Sandeman, Douglas Archibald, and Jim KW Lee. "40Ar/39Ar dating of ribbon-textured veins and wall-rock material from Meguma lode gold deposits, Nova Scotia: implications for timing and duration of vein formation in slate-belt hosted vein gold deposits." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 746–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-028.
Full textAbstract:
Results of 15 40Ar/39Ar age spectra for whole-rock argillite samples collected from within and adjacent to veins from eight Meguma gold districts in the Meguma Terrane of southern Nova Scotia are presented. The samples give excellent plateau ages (i.e., concordance of plateaux, correlation, and integrated ages) that range from ca. 379 to ca. 403 Ma, and there is no apparent correlation of age with bulk rock composition (K2O, Al2O3) or sampling localities. In addition, apparent ages for samples from a district are similar within analytical error, except for one deposit, and there is no difference for samples from within ribbon-textured veins versus samples collected outside of the gold districts (i.e., in areas free of quartz veining). The results of this work compare well to previous whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar dating of Meguma Group samples and we concur with previous workers that the range in dates (i.e., 380-410 Ma) reflects diachronous cooling of the area through the intracrystalline retention temperature for argon in mica (i.e., approx. 300-350°C). However, with respect to the vein samples, there is a marked difference between the 40Ar/39Ar ages of vein-hosted whole-rock samples and hydrothermal minerals (amphibole, muscovite, biotite) from the same deposits previously dated, which indicates that whole-rock samples have retained their metamorphic ages and have not been reset by the later hydrothermal event responsible for vein formation, despite being incorporated within the high-temperature fluids (approx. 400-450°C). This discrepancy in ages indicates that the wall rocks and veins were in thermal disequilibrium, as the vein temperatures were well above that required to cause diffusion of argon out of mica phases within the whole-rock samples, and implies therefore that the fluids must have been derived from depth. The results have the following important implications for models of vein formation: (i) vein formation was rapid and is consistent with models of hydrofracturing due to fluid overpressure, and (ii) the vein-forming fluids were derived from depth and cannot have been produced by a lateral secretion processes whereby fluids and gold are derived from the Meguma Group.
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de Araújo, A. C., J. P. H. B. Ometto, A. J. Dolman, B. Kruijt, M. J. Waterloo, and J. R. Ehleringer. "Implications of CO<sub>2</sub> pooling on δ<sup>13</sup>C of ecosystem respiration and leaves in Amazonian forest." Biogeosciences Discussions 4, no. 6 (November 29, 2007): 4459–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-4459-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The carbon isotope of a leaf (δ13Cleaf) is generally more negative in riparian zones than in areas with low soil moisture content or rainfall input. In Central Amazonia, the small-scale topography is composed of plateaus and valleys, with plateaus generally being drier than the valley edges in the dry season. The nocturnal accumulation of CO2 is higher in the valleys than on the plateaus in the dry season. The CO2 stored in the valleys takes longer to be released than that on the plateaus, and sometimes the atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca) does not drop to the same level as on the plateaus at any time during the day. Samples of sunlit leaves and atmospheric air were collected along a topographical gradient to test whether the δ13Cleaf of sunlit leaves and the carbon isotope ratio of ecosystem respired CO2 (δ13CR) may be more negative in the valley than those on the plateau. The δ13Cleaf was significantly more negative in the valley than on the plateau. Factors considered to be driving the observed variability in δ13Cleaf were: leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf mass per unit area (LMA), soil moisture availability, more negative carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 (δ13Ca) in the valleys during daytime hours, and leaf discrimination (Δleaf). The observed pattern of δ13Cleaf suggests that water-use efficiency (WUE) may be higher on the plateaus than in the valleys. The ;13CR was more negative in the valleys than on the plateaus on some nights, whereas in others it was not. It is likely that lateral drainage of CO2 enriched in 13C from upslope areas might have happened when the nights were less stable. Biotic factors such as soil CO2 efflux (Rsoil) and the responses of plants to environmental variables such as vapor pressure deficit (D) may also play a role.
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DIXON, ANDREW, XINHAI LI, MD LUTFOR RAHMAN, NYAMBAYAR BATBAYAR, and XIANGJIANG ZHAN. "Characteristics of home range areas used by Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug) wintering on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." Bird Conservation International 27, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270916000319.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryBetween 1998 and 2011 we monitored the winter ranging behaviour of eight female Saker Falcons Falco cherrug fitted with satellite-received transmitters. Our tracking revealed that the winter home range area occupied by individual Saker Falcons varied greatly (median = 166 km2, range = 5-18,469 km2). A random forest model showed that Saker Falcons wintering on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau preferentially occupied areas with rich grassland (cover > 50%) on high altitude plateaus (4,000–5,000 m asl) with low levels of anthropogenic influence. Plant biomass in rich grasslands can support high winter densities of plateau pikas Ochotona curzoniae, which likely explains the preference exhibited by Saker Falcons for grassland cover > 50%. Factors influencing the abundance and distribution of this ‘keystone’ prey species are likely to have an effect on Saker Falcons and other predatory species. A key element of rangeland management on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau has been the establishment of extensive protected areas as part of a strategy to balance economic and social development with the requirement of sustainably managing water resources, maintaining rangelands for pastoralists and conserving biological diversity. Wide ranging predatory species, such as the Saker Falcon, can be useful indicators of biodiversity in protected areas and act as ‘sentinels’ for anthropogenic changes that may impact many different taxa.
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Babkin, E. M., E. A. Babkina, M. O. Leibman, R. R. Khayrullin, and A. V. Khomutov. "Monitoring of the relief changes in polygonal peat plateaus adjacent to the highway Zapolyarnoe — Tazovsky." Arctic and Antarctic Research 68, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 384–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-4-384-405.
Full textAbstract:
The thawing of polygonal ice wedges determines the dynamics of polygonal peatland relief. The polygonal peat plateaus in the Pur-Taz interfluve account for an average of 6,5 % of the total area. The purpose of the proposed study is to establish the short-term rates and direction of change in the plateaus’ relief under the combined action of technogenic and natural factors, using monitoring data for the period 2005–2022. Based on satellite images and orthophotoplans, elements of the peat plateaus have been outlined and their areas have been determined for different time slices. The studies were carried out on a peat plateau immediately adjacent to the highway (T1) and on a background peat plateau at a distance of about 1.5 km from the highway (T2). To identify the natural causes of changes in the relief of the peat plateaus, the influence of climatic parameters is considered. The rates of relief change in natural conditions and under the impact of the highway are also compared. It has been established that in the area to the north-west of the highway the relief of the T1 polygonal peat plateau has stabilized. In the south-east section of T1, degradation has sharply increased after the construction of the highway. Due to the degradation of the polygons, the polygonal troughs expanded. In the background peat plateau T2, the rate of relief degradation is somewhat higher than in the northwestern portion of T1. Comparison of the main climatic parameters and degradation rates of the polygonal relief did not show any clear correlations. Probably, of greater importance are the regime of atmospheric precipitation, the redistribution of surface runoff and recurrence of flooding and drainage of the polygonal troughs, determined by the rhythmic course of the relief degradation.
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LIMA-VERDE, L. W., and B. M. FREITAS. "Occurrence and biogeographic aspects of Melipona quinquefasciata in NE Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 62, no. 3 (August 2002): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842002000300012.
Full textAbstract:
The stingless bee Melipona quinquefasciata is not included among the nine bee species of Melipona described in literature of NE Brazil. However, reports of some farmers raised suspicion on the occurrence of M. quinquefasciata in the state of Ceará, in NE Brazil. Investigations were carried out from July 1997 to September 2000, by means of trips to the areas of probable occurrence of this bee species. Results confirmed the presence of M. quinquefasciata in Ceará and determined its habitat along the chapada do Araripe (Araripe plateau) and all extension of planalto da Ibiapaba (Ibiapaba plateau), in altitudes between 600 and 900 m. Melipona quinquefasciata lives in the phytocoenosis of cerrado (Brazilian savanna), cerradão (savanna forest) and carrasco (montane deciduous shrub vegetation) on the top of Araripe plateau, and only carrasco in the Ibiapaba plateau. Due to pressures caused by reduction of the area covered with native vegetation, large use of agrochemicals in anthropic areas and generalised predatory hunting of honey and beeswax, M. quinquefasciata is in risk of disappearing from the ecosystems of Araripe and Ibiapaba plateaus within a few years.
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Santos, Fábio Luís de Souza, Antônio Felipe Couto Júnior, Adriana Reatto, Éder de Souza Martins, Arminda Moreira de Carvalho, and Gabriela Bielefeld Nardoto. "Soil carbon and nitrogen under different land-use and landscape loca-tions in central Brazil." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 9, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v9n2.santos.
Full textAbstract:
In Central Brazil, plateaus, the most common geomorphologic form, have been undergoing intense conversion from native vegetation to pasture and agriculture in recent decades. We used carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N) to assess possible changes in soil organic matter dynamics under such land use modifications. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in soil δ13C and δ15N and C and N stocks between native vegetation and agricultural or pasture areas in different locations of a plateau in the savannas of Central Brazil. We sampled soil up to 100 cm depth in pasture areas in the summit of the plateau and no-tillage and conventional tillage on the border of a plateau, as well as soils under native vegetation in both landscape locations. Both soil δ13C and δ15N, and C and N stocks showed no differences between land uses. The different relationships between δ15N and C/N ratio at different locations indicated distinct behavior of the soil organic matter between the summit and border of the plateau. Therefore, in addition to land-use, landscape location contributes to both δ13C and δ15N, and C and N stocks in the soil of the plateau.
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Kovačič, G., and N. Ravbar. "A review of the potential and actual sources of pollution to groundwater in selected karst areas in Slovenia." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 17, 2005): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-5-225-2005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Slovenian karst areas extend over 43% of the country; limestones and dolomites of the Mesozoic era prevail. In Slovenia karst groundwater contributes up to 50% of the total drinking water supply. The quality of water is very high, despite the fact that it is extremely vulnerable to pollution. The present article is a study and a review of the potential and actual sources of pollution to the groundwater in the selected karst aquifers (the Kras, Velika planina and Snežnik plateaus), which differ in their natural characteristics. Unlike the other selected plateaus, the Kras plateau is inhabited. There are several settlements in the area and the industrial, agricultural and traffic activities carried out that represent a serious threat to the quality of karst groundwater. The Velika planina and Snežnik plateaus do not have permanent residents, however there are some serious hazards to the quality of the karst springs arising from sports, tourist, construction and farming activities, as well as from the traffic related to them. Despite relatively favourable conditions for protection, many important karst aquifers and springs are improperly protected in Slovenia. The reason is the lack of knowledge about sustainable water management in karst regions and the confusion in drinking water protection policy.
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de Araújo, A. C., J. P. H. B. Ometto, A. J. Dolman, B. Kruijt, M. J. Waterloo, and J. R. Ehleringer. "Implications of CO<sub>2</sub> pooling on δ<sup>13</sup>C of ecosystem respiration and leaves in Amazonian forest." Biogeosciences 5, no. 3 (May 14, 2008): 779–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-779-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The carbon isotope of a leaf (δ13Cleaf) is generally more negative in riparian zones than in areas with low soil moisture content or rainfall input. In Central Amazonia, the small-scale topography is composed of plateaus and valleys, with plateaus generally having a lower soil moisture status than the valley edges in the dry season. Yet in the dry season, the nocturnal accumulation of CO2 is higher in the valleys than on the plateaus. Samples of sunlit leaves and atmospheric air were collected along a topographical gradient in the dry season to test whether the δ13Cleaf of sunlit leaves and the carbon isotope ratio of ecosystem respired CO2 (δ13CReco) may be more negative in the valley than those on the plateau. The δ13Cleaf was significantly more negative in the valley than on the plateau. Factors considered to be driving the observed variability in δ13Cleaf were: leaf nitrogen concentration, leaf mass per unit area (LMA), soil moisture availability, more negative carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 (δ13Ca) in the valleys during daytime hours, and leaf discrimination (Δleaf). The observed pattern of δ13Cleaf might suggest that water-use efficiency (WUE) is higher on the plateaus than in the valleys. However, there was no full supporting evidence for this because it remains unclear how much of the difference in δ13Cleaf was driven by physiology or &delta13Ca. The δ13CReco was more negative in the valleys than on the plateaus on some nights, whereas in others it was not. It is likely that lateral drainage of CO2 enriched in 13C from upslope areas might have happened when the nights were less stable. Biotic factors such as soil CO2 efflux (Rsoil) and the responses of plants to environmental variables such as vapor pressure deficit (D) may also play a role. The preferential pooling of CO2 in the low-lying areas of this landscape may confound the interpretation of δ13Cleaf and δ13CReco.
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Way, Robert G., Antoni G. Lewkowicz, and Yu Zhang. "Characteristics and fate of isolated permafrost patches in coastal Labrador, Canada." Cryosphere 12, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 2667–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2667-2018.
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Abstract. Bodies of peatland permafrost were examined at five sites along a 300 km transect spanning the isolated patches permafrost zone in the coastal barrens of southeastern Labrador. Mean annual air temperatures ranged from +1 ∘C in the south (latitude 51.4∘ N) to −1.1 ∘C in the north (53.7∘ N) while mean ground temperatures at the top of the permafrost varied respectively from −0.7 to −2.3 ∘C with shallow active layers (40–60 cm) throughout. Small surface offsets due to wind scouring of snow from the crests of palsas and peat plateaux, and large thermal offsets due to thick peat are critical to permafrost, which is absent in wetland and forested and forest–tundra areas inland, notwithstanding average air temperatures much lower than near the coast. Most permafrost peatland bodies are less than 5 m thick, with a maximum of 10 m, with steep geothermal gradients. One-dimensional thermal modelling for two sites showed that they are in equilibrium with the current climate, but the permafrost mounds are generally relict and could not form today without the low snow depths that result from a heaved peat surface. Despite the warm permafrost, model predictions using downscaled global warming scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) indicate that perennially frozen ground will thaw from the base up and may persist at the southern site until the middle of the 21st century. At the northern site, permafrost is more resilient, persisting to the 2060s under RCP8.5, the 2090s under RCP4.5, or beyond the 21st century under RCP2.6. Despite evidence of peatland permafrost degradation in the study region, the local-scale modelling suggests that the southern boundary of permafrost may not move north as quickly as previously hypothesized.
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Michael, Damian R., Ross B. Cunningham, Christine F. Donnelly, and David B. Lindenmayer. "Comparative use of active searches and artificial refuges to survey reptiles in temperate eucalypt woodlands." Wildlife Research 39, no. 2 (2012): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11118.
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Context In many parts of the world, artificial refuges (ARs) are increasingly used to survey different kinds of herpetofauna. Despite gaining popularity, the merit of using ARs compared with standardised active searches remains poorly known, as does their application in regions that support species exhibiting varied life-form strategies. Aims We examined the effectiveness of using two survey methods, active searches and ARs (corrugated steel, roof tiles and three different timber refuges), to detect herpetofauna in a range of eucalypt-woodland communities in south-eastern Australia. Methods We collected count data over a 12-year period from three independent long-term biodiversity monitoring programs in southern New South Wales. We used generalised linear models to compare detection probabilities among survey methods (active searches versus ARs) and among ARs, for each study area. Key results In all study areas, active searches detected the highest mean species richness per site. However, both methods provided complimentary species, thereby maximising species inventory at a regional scale. Species more likely to be detected in active searches included diurnally active, terrestrial and arboreal heliotherms, whereas species detected more frequently using ARs included nocturnal thigmotherms. Conclusions A combination of active searches and AR types is required to provide regional-scale representative reptile assemblages, although more than five consecutive surveys may be needed before species accumulation curves reach plateaux. In future studies, we recommend using stacks of corrugated steel to detect heliothermic Scincidae and arboreal Gekkonidae, roof tiles to detect thigmothermic Pygopodidae and railway sleepers to detect cryptozoic Elapidae and tunnel-dwelling Gekkonidae. Implications Using a combination of ARs and active searches will increase the chance of detecting both common and cryptic species and deploying corrugated steel provides a cost-effective method for surveying reptiles in long-term studies.
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Karthe, Daniel, Sergey Chalov, Alexander Gradel, and Antonín Kusbach. "Special issue «environmental change on the Mongolian plateau: atmosphere, forests, soils and water»." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 12, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-1411.
Full textAbstract:
The Mongolian Plateau forms a part of the Central Asian Plateau and covers an area of approximately 3,200,000 square kilometers in Mongolia and adjacent areas in China and Southern Siberia. It contains one of the world’s largest grassland areas, with the Gobi desert in the south and a transition via steppe and forest steppe to the taiga and mountain tundra in the North (Dulamsuren et al. 2005; Miao et al. 2015). Due to its location, the Plateau's climate is continental and semi-arid to arid, characterized by low precipitation (about 250 mm on average), high potential evapotranspiration (almost 1000 mm on average), large temperature amplitudes, long and harsh winters and recurrent droughts (Dorjgotov 2009; Liu et al. 2019). The Mongolian Plateau mostly drains into the Arctic Ocean basin, including the system of the Selenga River and Lake Baikal, which is not only the world's largest freshwater lake but also a natural heritage of global importance (Kasimov et al. 2017). Hydrologically, parts of the plateau also belong to the Pacific Ocean and Central Asian internal drainage basins.
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Bachvarova, Darina, Aleksandar Doichinov, and Rasim Halilov. "Comparative analysis of the myriapod fauna (Diplopoda, Chilopoda) of the Shumen Plateau and the Madara Plateau (Northeastern Bulgaria)." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 9, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/asn-2022-0020.
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Abstract At present, the inventory lists of the Myriapoda of many geographical areas in Bulgaria and the comparative analyzes of the similarity between such local faunas are scarce or completely missing. The present paper presents the results of the comparative analysis of α- and β-diversity of the myriapoda communities in natural habitats in two regions in Northeastern Bulgaria – the Shumen Plateau and the Madara Plateau. The compared habitats in these plateaus have similar geographical, soil and climatic conditions, and similar species composition of plant formations. The analysis of the structure of the myriapoda communities included estimation of species diversity by determining the Shannon-Wiever index (H’) and the Berger-Parker index (d). The degree of similarity between the species composition of the communities was analyzed by the Czekanowski-Dice-Sörensen, Jaccard, Bray-Curtis, Horn, Morisita-Horn indices and the corrected Chao-Sörensen and Chao-Jaccard indices. The species diversity of the millipede community in the Shumen Plateau is much greater than that of the Madara Plateau, while the diversity of the centipede communities in the two plateaus does not differ significantly. In both classes the greatest species diversity is registered in deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests. Chao-Sörensen and Chao-Jaccard indices of similarity for the myriapod communities in these habitats are the highest, approaching 1, in contrast to the other sites where the registered species composition of the centipedes is smaller and the degree of similarity is about 0.6.
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Xu, X., T. Zhao, C. Lu, Y. Guo, B. Chen, R. Liu, Y. Li, and X. Shi. "An important mechanism sustaining the atmospheric "water tower" over the Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 12 (July 10, 2014): 18255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-18255-2014.
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Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), referred to as the "roof of the world" is also known as the "world water tower", because it contains a large amount of water resources and ceaselessly transports these waters to its surrounding areas. However, it is not clear how these waters are being supplied and replenished. In particular, how plausible hydrological cycles can be realized between tropical oceans and the TP. In order to explore the mechanism sustaining the atmospheric "water tower" over the TP, the relationship of a "heat source column" over the plateau and moist flows in the Asian summer monsoon circulation is investigated, here we show that the plateau's thermal structure leads to dynamic processes with an integration of two couples of lower convergences and upper divergences, respectively, over the plateau's southern slopes and main platform, which relay moist air in two ladders up to the plateau. Similarly to the CISK (Conditional Instability of the Second Kind) mechanism of tropical cyclones, the elevated warm-moist air, in turn, forces convective weather systems, hence building a water cycle over the plateau. An integration of mechanical and thermal TP-forcing is revealed in relation to the Asian summer monsoon circulation knitting a close tie of vapor transport from tropical oceans to the atmospheric "water tower" over the TP.
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Nugent, Walter. "Tocqueville, Marx, and American Class Structure." Social Science History 12, no. 4 (1988): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016151.
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Three Declining Plateaus of population growth provide an empirical framework for American social history (Nugent, 1981). After a pre-history, self-sustaining demographic regimes appeared in the form of a frontier-rural mode of life common to most Americans by about 1720 and remained unchallenged until the mid-nineteenth century. From the 1860s to the 1920s, the frontier-rural mode continued to exhibit considerable strength but in rapidly contracting areas of the Great Plains, Great Basin, and Columbia Plateau. During that period of fifty years, however, the second plateau was increasingly supplanted by the metropolitan (or urban-industrial) mode of life. After 1920, by demographic measures, the frontier-rural mode of life had been replaced virtually everywhere by the metropolitan one familiar to Americans ever since.
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Batista, Allan Torrecilla, and Tatiana Silva Leite. "Octopus insularis (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) on the tropical coast of Brazil: where it lives and what it eats." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 64, no. 4 (December 2016): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592016123406404.
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Abstract Octopus insularis is the dominant octopus in the shallow tropical waters of the coast and oceanic islands in the North and Northeast of Brazil. Is the abundance, distribution, habitat and diet of this species on the continent the same as in oceanic islands? These factors were evaluated in seeking these answers at two areas of occurrence of Octopus insularis on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Three main types of habitats were described where the species is concentrated, being: Deep Reefs (Reefs of Risca) (> 15 m), Flat Biogenic Plateaus (Restingas) (5-15 m) and Shallow Sedimentary Reefs (Pirangi reefs) (< 5 m). An aggregate spatial distribution was verified, along with bathymetric segregation in which small individuals occupied shallow areas. Regarding diet, O. insularis consumed mainly crustaceans (68%) in shallow reef areas, bivalves (86%) in biogenic plateau areas, and gastropods (33%) in deep reef areas. The characterization of new occurring habitats, such as the area of biogenic plateau, and changes in their diet due to habitat function have shown that O. insularis occupies a broader niche than has been described in literature to date, expanding our knowledge on the ecology and biology of this octopus species of economic interest.
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O'Hara, Jeffrey K., and Sarah A. Low. "The Influence of Metropolitan Statistical Areas on Direct-to-consumer Agricultural Sales of Local Food in the Northeast." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 45, no. 3 (June 7, 2016): 539–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2016.7.
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Direct-to-consumer (DTC) agricultural sales doubled in the United States between 1992 and 2007 and then plateaued between 2007 and 2012. It is not clear whether the plateau in sales was attributable to the recession, market saturation, an aging population, or other factors. We estimate the influence of socioeconomic factors in metropolitan areas on DTC agricultural sales between 1992 and 2012 in thirteen Northeast states using county-level panel data. We find that the income elasticity of DTC agricultural purchases ranged from 2.2 to 2.7 and that counties in metropolitan areas did not have higher DTC agricultural sales than other counties, ceteris paribus.
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Xu, X., T. Zhao, C. Lu, Y. Guo, B. Chen, R. Liu, Y. Li, and X. Shi. "An important mechanism sustaining the atmospheric "water tower" over the Tibetan Plateau." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 20 (October 27, 2014): 11287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-11287-2014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), referred to as the "roof of the world", is also known as the "world water tower" because it contains a large amount of water resources and ceaselessly transports these waters to its surrounding areas. However, it is not clear how these waters are being supplied and replenished. In particular, how plausible hydrological cycles can be realized between tropical oceans and the TP. In order to explore the mechanism sustaining the atmospheric "water tower" over the TP, the relationship of a "heat source column" over the plateau and moist flows in the Asian summer monsoon circulation is investigated. Here we show that the plateau's thermal structure leads to dynamic processes with an integration of two couplings of lower convergence zones and upper divergences, respectively, over the plateau's southern slopes and main platform, which relay moist air in two ladders up to the plateau. Similarly to the CISK (conditional instability of the second kind) mechanism of tropical cyclones, the elevated warm–moist air, in turn, forces convective weather systems, hence building a water cycle over the plateau. An integration of mechanical and thermal TP forcing is revealed in relation to the Asian summer monsoon circulation knitting a close tie of vapor transport from tropical oceans to the atmospheric "water tower" over the TP.
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Zhang, Tao, Baolin Li, Jinfeng Wang, Maogui Hu, and Lili Xu. "Estimation of Areal Mean Rainfall in Remote Areas Using B-SHADE Model." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7643753.
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This study presented a method to estimate areal mean rainfall (AMR) using a Biased Sentinel Hospital Based Area Disease Estimation (B-SHADE) model, together with biased rain gauge observations and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data, for remote areas with a sparse and uneven distribution of rain gauges. Based on the B-SHADE model, the best linear unbiased estimation of AMR could be obtained. A case study was conducted for the Three-River Headwaters region in the Tibetan Plateau of China, and its performance was compared with traditional methods. The results indicated that B-SHADE obtained the least estimation biases, with a mean error and root mean square error of −0.63 and 3.48 mm, respectively. For the traditional methods including arithmetic average, Thiessen polygon, and ordinary kriging, the mean errors were 7.11, −1.43, and 2.89 mm, which were up to 1027.1%, 127.0%, and 358.3%, respectively, greater than for the B-SHADE model. The root mean square errors were 10.31, 4.02, and 6.27 mm, which were up to 196.1%, 15.5%, and 80.0%, respectively, higher than for the B-SHADE model. The proposed technique can be used to extend the AMR record to the presatellite observation period, when only the gauge data are available.
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Shtabrovskaya, Irina M., and Irina V. Zenkova. "Annual dynamics of temperature in the soil of the Mountain Arctic (goltsovy) deserts belt in Khibiny Mountains (Murmansk Region)." Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no. 6-2021 (December 31, 2021): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.6.12.9.039.
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As part of comprehensive environmental research of the highest Arctic mountain (goltsovy) desert belt of the Khibiny, data were obtained on the annual temperature dynamics in fragmentary cushions of vegetation. Area of investigation was disposed on the plateau of Mt. Aikuayvenchorr (1059–1063 m a. s. l.) and Vudyavrchorr plateau (1023 m a. s. l.). The period with negative values of the average daily temperature of the litter prevailed in the annual cycle (more than 200 days or 58 %). The sum of positive and negative temperatures, the number of days with temperatures below 0, from 0 ̊C to +5 ̊C, from + 5 ̊C to + 10 ̊C and above + 10 ̊C in litters was determined. The differences in the annual temperature dynamics in the litters of the alpine belt for two areas of research located on the Aikuayvenchorr and Vudyavrchorr plateaus are shown.
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Raha, Shrinwantu, and Shasanka Kumar Gayen. "Comparative study of different exponential smoothing models in simulation of meteorological drought : A study on Purulia district, West Bengal, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (May 22, 2021): 504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2637.
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Drought is a burning issue in India and hence needs serious attention of researchers to develop rigorous plan and management. Areas that belong to various plateaus, e.g., Chottanagpur plateau, Deccan plateau, etc., are mostly affected by drought in India. In the past decade, Purulia District of West Bengal, which belongs to northeast part of Chottanagpur plateau, faced severe drought several times. But the assessment of drought in this area was far from a decesive proclamation till date. In this research, an attempt was made to compare the Holt-Winter additive and Holt-Winter multiplicative model in simulation (at 1 month lead time) of meteorological drought (using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) of Purulia District, West Bengal, India. The additive model showed better performance than the multiplicative model with minimized Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and higher correlation coefficient value (R2). The spatial assessment drought at pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon phase indicated that severe drought had occurred in post monsoon and premonsoon phase at the eastern portions of the study area.
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Vogiatzi, Chrysanthi, and Constantinos Loupasakis. "Environmental impact of Aposelemis dam and tunnel water supply project in NE Crete, Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 57, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.27329.
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The current investigation concerns the impact observed at natural and human environment, due to the implementation of the Aposelemis water supply project, as additional aqueduct of Heraklion and Agios Nikolaos cities, as well as other important tourist areas, in NE Crete, Greece. Aposelemis project is differentiated from standard water supply dam projects, through a special component of an underground tunnel that diverts uphill surface water from Lasithi Plateau into the reservoir. The study concerns the first years of project’s operation, and focuses at four affected areas, namely the Lasithi Plateau upland area, dam’s region, river estuary and water supplied cities. The investigation was based on various site visits, while a significant aspect involves local stakeholders’ observation, opinion and perception on the environmental impact of the project in everyday life, through four detailed questionnaires posed to the affected areas’ population. The recorded consequences were characterized as positive or negative and evaluated according to their size and importance, estimated for the current period and also for the future. Among the main positive effects are urban areas’ drinking water supply and improved upland plateau’s flood water drainage, while among the negative consequences appear multiple water resources’ impacts and feelings of downstream lakeside residents. The investigation indicates the initial environmental impact and sets the basis for further future research towards sustainability.
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Shen, L., R. Lin, L. Lu, C. Xu, and Y. Liu. "Accuracy analysis of IMERG and CMORPH precipitation data over North China." Climate Research 81 (August 6, 2020): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr01610.
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Large-scale agricultural production in North China makes the study of precipitation in this area vital. The performance of the Integrated Merged Multisatellite Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) and the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) precipitation products for 2015 was evaluated against daily precipitation data from 404 rain gauges in North China. Relative errors, correlation coefficients, Pearson’s chi-squared test values, and root mean square errors, as well as the probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio, and critical success index, were used to analyze the accuracy of both IMERG and CMORPH precipitation products on daily, monthly, and seasonal timescales. The probability density function (PDF) was also considered. Overall, both products overestimated ground precipitation, especially in summer. Positive correlation coefficients between satellite-derived and rain-gauge monthly precipitation data were higher over plains and coastal areas, compared with plateau regions. The PODs of both IMERG and CMORPH data were highest in summer. The PODs of IMERG data were much higher than for CMORPH data in autumn. The PODs over coastal regions, plains, and plateaus at lower latitudes also were considerably better than over inland and plateau areas at higher latitudes. The precipitation products performed best over coastal areas, plains, and areas with high rainfall. Both CMORPH and IMERG products were prone to identifying non-rainy days as rainy days. They also overestimated light (0.1-9.9 mm d-1) and moderate (10-24.9 mm d-1) precipitation events, although the IMERG product was more sensitive to precipitation. Accordingly, we find that both of these satellite-derived precipitation products require further modification to enable them to substitute for gauge precipitation data in North China.
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Gaerrang Kabzung. "Contested understandings of yaks on the eastern Tibetan Plateau: market logic, Tibetan Buddhism and indigenous knowledge." Area 49, no. 4 (May 8, 2017): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12343.
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Jiang, Mei, Hui Qian, and Yingiun Ma. "Teleseismic anistotropy and its features in the upper mantle beneath the Tibet Plateau and neighboring areas. Metallogenic implications." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 8, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2003): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/8/2003/87.
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Shu, Zhuozhi, Yubao Liu, Tianliang Zhao, Junrong Xia, Chenggang Wang, Le Cao, Haoliang Wang, et al. "Elevated 3D structures of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and impact of complex terrain-forcing circulations on heavy haze pollution over Sichuan Basin, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 11 (June 16, 2021): 9253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9253-2021.
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Abstract. Deep basins create uniquely favorable conditions for causing air pollution, and the Sichuan Basin (SCB) in Southwest China is such a basin featuring frequent heavy pollution. A wintertime heavy haze pollution event in the SCB was studied with conventional and intensive observation data and the WRF-Chem model to explore the 3D distribution of PM2.5 to understand the impact of regional pollutant emissions, basin circulations associated with plateaus, and downwind transport to the adjacent areas. It was found that the vertical structure of PM2.5 over the SCB was characterized by a remarkable hollow sandwiched by high PM2.5 layers at heights of 1.5–3 km and a highly polluted near-surface layer. The southwesterlies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) resulted in a lee vortex over the SCB, which helped form and maintain heavy PM2.5 pollution. The basin PM2.5 was lifted into the free troposphere and transported outside of the SCB. At the bottom of the SCB, high PM2.5 concentrations were mostly located in the northwestern and southern regions. Due to the blocking effect of the plateau terrain on the northeasterly winds, PM2.5 gradually increased from northeast to southwest in the basin. In the lower free troposphere, the high PM2.5 centers were distributed over the northwestern and southwestern SCB areas, as well as the central SCB region. For this event, the regional emissions from the SCB contributed 75.4 %–94.6 % to the surface PM2.5 concentrations in the SCB. The SCB emissions were the major source of PM2.5 over the eastern regions of the TP and the northern regions of the YGP, with contribution rates of 72.7 % and 70.5 %, respectively, during the dissipation stage of heavy air pollution over the SCB, which was regarded as the major pollutant source affecting atmospheric environment changes in Southwest China.
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Rosanty, Anita, and Reni Yunus. "HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN PREGNANT WOMEN LIVING IN COASTAL AND PLATEAU AREAS, KENDARI, INDONESIA." Public Health of Indonesia 3, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36685/phi.v3i3.129.
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Background: Insufficient hemoglobin levels are one of the most vulnerable health problems during pregnancy. Hemoglobin levels less than 11 g/dL indicate anemia in pregnant women. However, it is assumed that there is a difference of hemoglobin levels between pregnant women in coastal and plateau areas. Objective: To compare the hemoglobin levels in pregnant women who live in the coastal and plateau areas in the working area of the Community Health Center of Mata, Kendari. Methods: This was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach, conducted in May-June 2014. There were 38 pregnant women using quota sampling, divided into 19 respondents in coastal areas and 19 respondents in plateau areas. Blood sampling was performed in each respondent, and categorized into mild, moderate, and severe anemia. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The proportion of pregnant women with anemia in the working area of the Community Health Center of Mata was 94.74%. Chi-square test showed p-value 0.307 (0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in coastal and plateau areas in the working area of the Community Health Center of Kendari district.
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Borge, Amund F., Sebastian Westermann, Ingvild Solheim, and Bernd Etzelmüller. "Strong degradation of palsas and peat plateaus in northern Norway during the last 60 years." Cryosphere 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-1-2017.
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Abstract. Palsas and peat plateaus are permafrost landforms occurring in subarctic mires which constitute sensitive ecosystems with strong significance for vegetation, wildlife, hydrology and carbon cycle. Firstly, we have systematically mapped the occurrence of palsas and peat plateaus in the northernmost county of Norway (Finnmark, ∼ 50 000 km2) by manual interpretation of aerial images from 2005 to 2014 at a spatial resolution of 250 m. At this resolution, mires and wetlands with palsas or peat plateaus occur in about 850 km2 of Finnmark, with the actual palsas and peat plateaus underlain by permafrost covering a surface area of approximately 110 km2. Secondly, we have quantified the lateral changes of the extent of palsas and peat plateaus for four study areas located along a NW–SE transect through Finnmark by utilizing repeat aerial imagery from the 1950s to the 2010s. The results of the lateral changes reveal a total decrease of 33–71 % in the areal extent of palsas and peat plateaus during the study period, with the largest lateral change rates observed in the last decade. However, the results indicate that degradation of palsas and peat plateaus in northern Norway has been a consistent process during the second half of the 20th century and possibly even earlier. Significant rates of areal change are observed in all investigated time periods since the 1950s, and thermokarst landforms observed on aerial images from the 1950s suggest that lateral degradation was already an ongoing process at this time. The results of this study show that lateral erosion of palsas and peat plateaus is an important pathway for permafrost degradation in the sporadic permafrost zone in northern Scandinavia. While the environmental factors governing the rate of erosion are not yet fully understood, we note a moderate increase in air temperature, precipitation and snow depth during the last few decades in the region.