Journal articles: 'PLATE BALANCER'

1

Chao, Paul C. P., Cheng-Kuo Sung, and Chun-Chieh Wang. "Dynamic Analysis of the Optical Disk Drives Equipped with an Automatic Ball Balancer with Consideration of Torsional Motions." Journal of Applied Mechanics 72, no. 6 (March 24, 2005): 826–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2041659.

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This study is dedicated to evaluate the performance of an automatic ball-type balancer system (ABS) installed in optical disk drives (ODDs) with consideration of the relative torsional motion between the ODD case and the spindle-disk-ABS-turntable system, noting that the turntable is the supporting plate structure for disk, pickup, and spindle motor inside the ODD. To this end, a complete dynamic model of the ABS considering the torsional motion is established with assuming finite torsional stiffness of the damping washers, which provides suspension of the spindle-disk-ABS-turntable system to the ODD case. Considering the benchmark case of a pair of balancing balls in an ABS, the method of multiple scales is then applied to formulate a scaled model for finding all possible steady-state solutions of ball positions and analyzing corresponding stabilities. The results are used to predict the levels of residual vibration, with which the performance of the ABS can then be reevaluated. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify theoretical results. It is deduced from both analytical and numerical results that the spindle speed of an ODD could be operated above both primary translational and secondary torsional resonances in order to guarantee stabilization of the desired balanced solution for a substantial vibration reduction.

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Sheehan, Michael. "The place of the balancer in balance of power theory." Review of International Studies 15, no. 2 (April 1989): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112963.

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Although, as the quotations above indicate, the question of the importance of the ‘balancer’ in balance of power systems has generated strong opinions from both critics and proponents, it has never stimulated a specific study of the balancer. The picture of the balancer as it currently exists has to be obtained by abstracting descriptions of the balancer role from general writings on the balance of power. This is unfortunate for even those authors like Padelford and Lincoln who saw the balancer role as critical, failed to devote more then a few paragraphs to the topic. The aim of this paper therefore is to try to clarify the nature and function of the balancer by synthesizing the views of analysts of the role over the past three centuries to produce a paradigm of the balancer strategy.

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Plong-Ngooluam, Sayan, Nattha Jindapetch, Phairote Wounchoum, and Duangporn Sompongse. "3-D Computational Simulations of Electrostatic Potential in Partial Surfaces towards the Precision of Ion Balance Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.308.

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This paper reports a 3-D computational simulation of electrostatic potential uniformity which was affected by various measurement plates. The finite element analysis method has been done by COMSOL Multiphysics to model the electrostatic potential behavior. The electrostatic potential from two electrodes in the free space plane has been modeled and used as a reference result to compare with the electrostatic potential results of four various measurement plates including the standard 6"x6" charged plate and its dividing by four, nine and sixteen segments. This investigation revealed the uniformity error of the electrostatic potential from the conventional plate. The precision of ion balance analysis can be improved by the using of a partial surface, i.e. by dividing the conventional plate into smaller sizes.

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Singh, Harvinder. "Designing Laterally Loaded RC Stiffened Plates: Energy Balance Concept." ISRN Civil Engineering 2012 (November 14, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/709157.

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Plates are most widely used structural systems to build and/or enclose the space along with some other structural elements, namely, walls, columns, and so forth. in any building. Design procedure for proportioning plates has been recommended in various design codes based upon empirical relations and some factors found on basis of the results of an extensive series of tests and well-established performance record of various plate/slab systems constructed in the past. These guidelines have a number of inherent limitations in the form of assumptions, thereby, forcing the designers to proportion the plate system within the domain of these limitations. A procedure to design reinforced concrete stiffened-plates is presented using an energy-balance concept and it can be used for both a single panel as well as multipanel rectangular plate system with any value of aspect ratio, number of panels, and orthotropy. To validate the results from the proposed design procedure, these are compared with the results from well-established literature on the plate analysis and are found to be in good agreement. Working procedure is illustrated with the help of design examples.

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Lenz, M., P. Varga, D. Mischler, B. Gueorguiev, K. Klos, A. Fernandez dell’Oca, P. Regazzoni, RG Richards, and Perren. "Helical plating – a novel technique to increase stiffness in defect fractures." European Cells and Materials 42 (August 19, 2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v042a08.

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Single-plate fixation bridging bone defects provokes nonunion and risks plate-fatigue failure due to under- dimensioned implants. Adding a helical plate to bridge the fracture increases stiffness and balances load sharing. This study compares the stiffness and plate surface strain of different constructs in a transverse contact and gap femoral shaft fracture model. Eight groups of six synthetic femora each were formed: intact femora; intact femora with lateral locking plate; contact and gap transverse shaft osteotomies each with lateral locking plate, lateral locking plate and helical locking plate, and long proximal femoral nail. Constructs underwent non-destructive quasi-static axial and torsional loading. Plate surface strain evaluation was performed under 200 N axial loading. Constructs with both lateral and helical plates demonstrated similar axial and torsional stiffness– independent of the contact or gap situations – being significantly higher compared to lateral plating (p < 0.01). Torsional stiffness of the constructs, with both lateral and helical plates in the gap situation, was significantly higher compared to this situation stabilised by a nail (p < 0.01). Plate surface strain dropped from 0.3 % in the gap situation with a lateral plate to < 0.1 % in this situation with both a lateral and a helical plate. Additional helical plating increases axial and torsional construct stiffness in synthetic bone and seems to provide well-balanced load sharing. Its use should be considered in very demanding situations for gap or defect fractures, where single-plate osteosynthesis provides inadequate stiffness for fracture healing and induces nonunion.

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Piñeirua, M., B. Thiria, and R. Godoy-Diana. "Modelling of an actuated elastic swimmer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 829 (September 26, 2017): 731–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.570.

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We study the force production dynamics of undulating elastic plates as a model for fish-like inertial swimmers. Using a beam model coupled with Lighthill’s large-amplitude elongated-body theory, we explore different localised actuations at one extremity of the plate (heaving, pitching and a combination of both) in order to quantify the reactive and resistive contributions to the thrust. The latter has the form of a quadratic drag in large Reynolds number swimmers and has recently been pointed out as a crucial element in the thrust force balance. We validate the output of a weakly nonlinear solution to the fluid–structure model using thrust force measurements from an experiment with flexible plates subjected to the three different actuation types. The model is subsequently used in a self-propelled configuration – with a skin friction model that balances thrust to produce a constant cruising speed – to map the reactive versus resistive thrust production in a parameter space defined by the aspect ratio and the actuation frequency. We show that this balance is modified as the frequency of excitation changes and the response of the elastic plate shifts between different resonant modes, the pure heaving case being the most sensitive to the modal response with drastic changes in the reactive/resistive contribution ratio along the frequency axis. We analyse also the role of the phase lag between the heaving and pitching components in the case of combined actuation, showing in particular a non-trivial effect on the propulsive efficiency.

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Milton, John, Ryan Meyer, Max Zhvanetsky, Sarah Ridge, and Tamás Insperger. "Control at stability's edge minimizes energetic costs: expert stick balancing." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 119 (June 2016): 20160212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0212.

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Stick balancing on the fingertip is a complex voluntary motor task that requires the stabilization of an unstable system. For seated expert stick balancers, the time delay is 0.23 s, the shortest stick that can be balanced for 240 s is 0.32 m and there is a ° dead zone for the estimation of the vertical displacement angle in the saggital plane. These observations motivate a switching-type, pendulum–cart model for balance control which uses an internal model to compensate for the time delay by predicting the sensory consequences of the stick's movements. Numerical simulations using the semi-discretization method suggest that the feedback gains are tuned near the edge of stability. For these choices of the feedback gains, the cost function which takes into account the position of the fingertip and the corrective forces is minimized. Thus, expert stick balancers optimize control with a combination of quick manoeuvrability and minimum energy expenditures.

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Chen, Baoliang, Peng Liu, Feiyun Xiao, Zhengshi Liu, and Yong Wang. "Review of the Upright Balance Assessment Based on the Force Plate." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052696.

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Quantitative assessment is crucial for the evaluation of human postural balance. The force plate system is the key quantitative balance assessment method. The purpose of this study is to review the important concepts in balance assessment and analyze the experimental conditions, parameter variables, and application scope based on force plate technology. As there is a wide range of balance assessment tests and a variety of commercial force plate systems to choose from, there is room for further improvement of the test details and evaluation variables of the balance assessment. The recommendations presented in this article are the foundation and key part of the postural balance assessment; these recommendations focus on the type of force plate, the subject’s foot posture, and the choice of assessment variables, which further enriches the content of posturography. In order to promote a more reasonable balance assessment method based on force plates, further methodological research and a stronger consensus are still needed.

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Juhász, Zoltán, and András Szekrényes. "Estimation of Local Delamination Buckling in Orthotropic Composite Plates Using Kirchhoff Plate Finite Elements." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/749607.

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We analyse the buckling process of composite plates with through-the-width delamination and straight crack front applying uniaxial compression. We are focusing on the mixed mode buckling case, where the non-uniform distribution of the in-plane forces controls the occurence of the buckling of the delaminated layers. For the analysis, semi-discrete finite elements will be derived based on the Lèvy-type method. The method of harmonic balance is used for taking into account the force distribution that is generally non uniform in-plane.

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Kai-Wei Zhao, Kai-Wei Zhao, and and Jui-Wen Pan and Jui-Wen Pan. "Efficiency balance of a light guide plate with microstructures for a see-through head-mounted display." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 2 (2016): 022201–22205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.022201.

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Hao, Xiao Xiu, Na Wei, and Cheng Sun. "Preparation of Paper-Based Printing Plate and its Ink-Water Balance Performance Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.156.

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The principle of offset printing is the graphic part lipophilicity and the blank part oleophobic hydrophilic. Based on the ink-water balance theory, this paper mainly discusses the base paper and the coating formulations of paper-based printing plate. In this paper the properties of the paper-based printing plate of the different coating formulations were detected and evaluated, meanwhile these plates were tested in the offset printing. Based on the detection of print quality, plate coating performance and the number of copies printed, the base paper and coating formulations of this plate was be determined. The results of this study for this plate have some significance in the actual production.

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Wei, Na, and Xiao Xiu Hao. "The Research of Coating Process for Paper-Based Printing Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.444.

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Paper based printing plate is one of printing plates used in eight mo octave or specifically offset printing machine. In the printing process, the printed plate wants to keep its shape by the pressure, the friction and tension. It needs to have good dimensional stability and good ink-water balance of coating. This paper discusses the influence of different coating formulations and coating process on the mechanical properties of paper-based printing plate. In this paper, the wet strength of paper-based printing plate of different formulations and different coating amount were tested. The study provided the theoretical basis for ink-water balance coating formulations of paper-based printing plate and the plate production.

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13

Pugh, Alan, and Godfrey A. Walters. "Triple Plate Balanced Resistance Water‐Level Gauge." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 119, no. 3 (March 1993): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1993)119:3(424).

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14

Zaytsev, Nikolay, Denis Zaytsev, Andrey Makarov, and Dmitriy Mineev. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE DYNAMICS OF A FLEXIBLE ROTOR WITH TWO BALL AUTO-BALANCERS." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 62 (2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2020.62.04.

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Ball auto-balancing devices can to compensate changes of unbalance "on the move" only for rotors operating at supercritical speeds. For automatic balancing of such rotors, classified as flexible rotors, several auto-balancers located in different cross sections of the shaft are necessary. This makes it necessary to account bending fluctuations on studies of dynamics of the rotor with auto-balancers, that is especially important in the design of the real rotors. In view of the complexity of experimental studies of such rotors in the article the method of direct numerical simulation of the dynamics of the flexible rotor system – supports – auto-balances is considered. The methodological basis of this method is the use of a discrete multi-mass rotor model, which is equivalent in dynamic characteristics to a real rotor, and also the equations of dynamics of the system discrete rotor – supports – auto-balancers, obtained in the direct form of recording. For definition of discrete masses and a matrix of coefficients of influence of stiffness of rotor cross-sections it is supposed to use calculations for finite-element model of a real rotor by existing software complexes of the engineering analysis. The mathematical model of the system dynamics obtained by the Lagrange method takes into account the non-stationarity of the rotor rotation speed, the influence of gravity and the rolling friction of the balls in the auto-balancer cages. Verification of the mathematical model was performed by reproducing the published data using a computational model for a two-support single-disk three-mass rotor with a two-ball auto-balancer. For a four-mass rotor with two two-ball auto-balancers, the results of numerical simulation of dynamics for the modes of acceleration, steady-state rotation and deceleration are presented. It is shown that for the system under consideration, only partial auto-balancing takes place in the steady rotation mode, including after a stepwise increase of the imbalance.

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Ahmed, Fiaz, J. David Neelin, and Ángel F. Adames. "Quasi-Equilibrium and Weak Temperature Gradient Balances in an Equatorial Beta-Plane Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 78, no. 1 (January 2021): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-20-0184.1.

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AbstractConvective quasi-equilibrium (QE) and weak temperature gradient (WTG) balances are frequently employed to study the tropical atmosphere. This study uses linearized equatorial beta-plane solutions to examine the relevant regimes for these balances. Wave solutions are characterized by moisture–temperature ratio (q–T ratio) and dominant thermodynamic balances. An empirically constrained precipitation closure assigns different sensitivities of convection to temperature (εt) and moisture (εq). Longwave equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves tend toward the QE balance with q–T ratios of εt:εq that can be ~1–3. Departures from strict QE, essential to both precipitation and wave dynamics, grow with wavenumber. The propagating QE modes have reduced phase speeds because of the effective gross moist stability meff, with a further reduction when εt > 0. Moisture modes obeying the WTG balance and with large q–T ratios (>10) emerge in the shortwave regime; these modes exist with both Kelvin and Rossby wave meridional structures. In the υ = 0 case, long propagating gravity waves are absent and only emerge beyond a cutoff wavenumber. Two bifurcations in the wave solutions are identified and used to locate the spatial scales for QE–WTG transition and gravity wave emergence. These scales are governed by the competition between the convection and gravity wave adjustment times and are modulated by meff. Near-zero values of meff shift the QE–WTG transition wavenumber toward zero. Continuous transitions replace the bifurcations when meff < 0 or moisture advection/WISHE mechanisms are included, but the wavenumber-dependent QE and WTG balances remain qualitatively unaltered. Rapidly decaying convective/gravity wave modes adjust to the slowly evolving QE/WTG state in the longwave/shortwave regimes, respectively.

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Eremin, Anton, Ekaterina Stefanyuk, and Liubov Abisheva. "Research on Heat Conductivity with a Time-Varying Heat Source." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.637.

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Using additional boundary conditions in the integral method of the heat balance, an approximate analytical solution to the heat conduction problem for an endless plate with time-varying heat sources has been found. It is shown that with any heat source capacity an unlimited plate temperature increase takes place in the course of time.

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Guo, C. Q., and M. P. Paidoussis. "Stability of Rectangular Plates With Free Side-Edges in Two-Dimensional Inviscid Channel Flow." Journal of Applied Mechanics 67, no. 1 (September 12, 1999): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.321143.

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The linear stability of rectangular plates with free side-edges in inviscid channel flow is studied theoretically. The Galerkin method and Fourier transform technique are employed to solve the plate and potential flow equations. A new approach is introduced to treat the mixed fluid-plate interaction boundary condition, which leads to a singular integral equation. Divergence, single-mode flutter, and coupled-mode flutter are found for plates supported differently at the leading and trailing edges. In some cases, single-mode flutter at vanishingly small flow velocity is predicted. The effects of mass ratio and channel-height-to-plate-length ratio on critical velocity are studied. An energy balance analysis shows how different types of instability arise for plates with different supports. [S0021-8936(00)01801-8]

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Godfrey, Fiona. "Seeking a Place of Balance." Caribbean Quarterly 64, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2018): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00086495.2018.1531551.

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Weaver, Tyler B., Christine Ma, and Andrew C. Laing. "Use of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board for Studying Standing Static Balance Control: Technical Considerations, Force-Plate Congruency, and the Effect of Battery Life." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 1 (February 2017): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0295.

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The Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) has become popular as a low-cost alternative to research-grade force plates. The purposes of this study were to characterize a series of technical specifications for the WBB, to compare balance control metrics derived from time-varying center of pressure (COP) signals collected simultaneously from a WBB and a research-grade force plate, and to investigate the effects of battery life. Drift, linearity, hysteresis, mass accuracy, uniformity of response, and COP accuracy were assessed from a WBB. In addition, 6 participants completed an eyes-closed quiet standing task on the WBB (at 3 battery life levels) mounted on a force plate while sway was simultaneously measured by both systems. Characterization results were all associated with less than 1% error. R2 values reflecting WBB sensor linearity were > .99. Known and measured COP differences were lowest at the center of the WBB and greatest at the corners. Between-device differences in quiet stance COP summary metrics were of limited clinical significance. Lastly, battery life did not affect WBB COP accuracy, but did influence 2 of 8 quiet stance WBB parameters. This study provides general support for the WBB as a low-cost alternative to research-grade force plates for quantifying COP movement during standing.

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Rezaee, Mousa, Mir Mohammad Ettefagh, and Reza Fathi. "Dynamics and Stability of Non-Planar Rigid Rotor Equipped with Two Ball-Spring Autobalancers." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 02 (February 2019): 1950001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419500019.

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Recently, a new type of automatic ball balancer (ABB), called the ball-spring autobalancer (AB), has been proposed, which substantially eliminates the drawbacks of the traditional ABBs. In previous studies, the dynamics of the Jeffcott planar rotor equipped with ball-spring AB has been investigated. In the Jeffcott model, it is assumed that the ABB is located on the plane of the unbalance disk. However, for the non-planar rigid rotor with distributed imbalances, out-of-plane motions may occur, and the Jeffcott model becomes unreliable as the tilting motion cannot be explained. To this end, the aim of this paper is to analyze the capability of the ball-spring AB in balancing non-planar rotors and to reconfirm its pre-claimed advantages over the traditional ABBs for balancing non-planar rotors. To start, the mathematical model of the rigid rotor with two ball-spring ABs is established, based on which the nonlinear equations of motion are derived. Then, the system time responses are computed numerically and the balanced stable regions are acquired by the Lyapunov’s first method. The results of this study show that the ball-spring ABs can balance the non-planar rotors and the tilting motion does not impair the pre-claimed advantages of the ball-spring AB.

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Park, Si-Myung, Soyeon Park, Jieun Park, Minwook Choi, Laehyun Kim, and Gunwoo Noh. "Design process of patient-specific osteosynthesis plates using topology optimization." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 8, no. 5 (September 2, 2021): 1257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab047.

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Abstract To reduce complications related to the osteosynthesis plating system, the use of a patient-specific plate design was proposed. However, the issue of associated complications is still critical. Because existing patient-specific plate designs have mainly relied on parametric studies, a design method is needed that considers the complex factors influencing the performance of the reconstruction and that can be generalized for various patients. The goal of this study was to propose a design process that can strengthen the advantages of a customized plate to reduce patient discomfort and ensure the stability of surgery. We applied topology optimization to design a plate for a case of mandibular condyle fracture. The optimization problem was set to maximize the plate stiffness and minimize its volume. The performance of the designed plate was evaluated using finite element simulations, which approximated the various mastication states. Plate performance was then compared with the performance of two conventional plating systems: bent plates and computerized numerical control-machined plates. The conventional plate models used a pair of mini-plates, and the bent plate was modeled by conducting bending simulation. Each finite element model was appraised via masticatory simulations under static molar-jaw-closing conditions. Differences in stress concentration were noted between the model with bent plates and the model with computerized numerical control-machined plates. The most severe stress concentration occurred in the bent plate, which was affected by the residual stress from the bending process. In comparison with the two conventional plates, the newly designed plate exhibited significantly improved biomechanical stability in terms of stress and stiffness and had approximately twice the endurance capability against fractured bone separation. The newly designed plate was designed to have a balance between volume and plate stiffness, and it showed superior stability over the conventional plates. The proposed plate design process using topology optimization is an effective method not only because it enhances the advantages of the patient-specific plate but also because it can be applied in various reconstruction cases.

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Shivakumar, K. N., W. Elber, and W. Illg. "Prediction of Impact Force and Duration Due to Low-Velocity Impact on Circular Composite Laminates." Journal of Applied Mechanics 52, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3169120.

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Two simple and improved models — energy-balance and spring-mass — were developed to calculate impact force and duration during low-velocity impact of circular composite plates. Both models include the contact deformation of the plate and the impactor as well as bending, transverse shear, and membrane deformations of the plate. The plate was a transversely isotropic graphite/epoxy composite laminate and the impactor was a steel sphere. In the energy-balance model, a balance equation was derived by equating the kinetic energy of the impactor to the sum of the strain energies due to contact, bending, transverse shear, and membrane deformations at maximum deflection. The resulting equation was solved using the Newton-Raphson numerical technique. The energy-balance model yields only the maximum force; hence a less simple spring-mass model is presented to calculate the force history. In the spring-mass model, the impactor and the plate were represented by two rigid masses and their deformations were represented by springs. Springs define the elastic contact and plate deformation characteristics. Equations of equilibrium of the resulting two degree-of-freedom system, subjected to an initial velocity, were obtained from Newton’s second law of motion. The two coupled nonlinear differential equations were solved using Adam’s numerical integration technique. Calculated impact forces from the two analyses agreed with each other. The analyses were verified by comparing the results with reported test data.

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Börjesson, A. E., S. H. Windahl, E. Karimian, E. E. Eriksson, M. K. Lagerquist, C. Engdahl, M. C. Antal, et al. "The role of estrogen receptor-α and its activation function-1 for growth plate closure in female mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): E1381—E1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00646.2011.

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High estradiol levels in late puberty induce growth plate closure and thereby cessation of growth in humans. In mice, the growth plates do not fuse after sexual maturation, but old mice display reduced longitudinal bone growth and high-dose estradiol treatment induces growth plate closure. Estrogen receptor (ER)-α stimulates gene transcription via two activation functions (AFs), AF-1 and AF-2. To evaluate the role of ERα and its AF-1 for age-dependent reduction in longitudinal bone growth and growth plate closure, female mice with inactivation of ERα (ERα−/−) or ERαAF-1 (ERαAF-10) were evaluated. Old (16- to 19-mo-old) female ERα−/− mice showed continued substantial longitudinal bone growth, resulting in longer bones (tibia: +8.3%, P < 0.01) associated with increased growth plate height (+18%, P < 0.05) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, the longitudinal bone growth ceased in old ERαAF-10 mice (tibia: −4.9%, P < 0.01). Importantly, the proximal tibial growth plates were closed in all old ERαAF-10 mice while they were open in all WT mice. Growth plate closure was associated with a significantly altered balance between chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis in the growth plate. In conclusion, old female ERα−/− mice display a prolonged and enhanced longitudinal bone growth associated with increased growth plate height, resembling the growth phenotype of patients with inactivating mutations in ERα or aromatase. In contrast, ERαAF-1 deletion results in a hyperactive ERα, altering the chondrocyte proliferation/apoptosis balance, leading to growth plate closure. This suggests that growth plate closure is induced by functions of ERα that do not require AF-1 and that ERαAF-1 opposes growth plate closure.

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Buurke, Tom J. W., Chang Liu, Sungwoo Park, Rob den Otter, and James M. Finley. "Maintaining sagittal plane balance compromises frontal plane balance during reactive stepping in people post-stroke." Clinical Biomechanics 80 (December 2020): 105135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105135.

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Huang, Zhiwei, Yufeng Xing, and Yahe Gao. "Two-Scale Asymptotic Homogenization Method for Composite Kirchhoff Plates with in-Plane Periodicity." Aerospace 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120751.

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This paper develops a two-scale asymptotic homogenization method for periodic composite Kirchhoff plates. In this method, a three-dimensional (3D) periodic plate problem is simplified as a Kirchhoff plate problem, which is governed by a fourth-order uniformly elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) with periodically oscillating coefficients. Then, a two-scale solution in an asymptotic expansion form is presented for the PDE, and it is found that the first-order perturbed displacement in the asymptotic solution is zero. Additionally, periodic boundary and normalization constraint conditions are proposed to determine the unique solution to unit cell problems. Moreover, standard finite element formulations for calculating the perturbed displacements are derived from the principle of virtual work. Physical interpretations of the influence functions are presented by analyzing the properties of self-balanced quasi-load vectors used for solving the influence functions. Numerical comparisons show that the present method is physically acceptable and highly accurate.

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Filimonikhin, Gennadiy, Irina Filimonikhina, Yuliia Bilyk, Larisa Krivoblotsky, and Yurii Machok. "Theoretical study into the aerodynamic imbalance of a propeller blade and the correcting masses to balance it." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 7(112) (August 17, 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.238289.

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This paper reports the theoretically investigated aerodynamic imbalance of the propeller blade, as well as correcting masses for balancing it. It has been established that the aerodynamic forces acting on the propeller blade can be balanced by the adjustment of masses. This is also true for the case of compressed air (gas) provided that the blades are streamlined by laminar flow. That makes it possible to use rotor balancing methods to study the aerodynamic forces acting on the propeller blade. The rotating blade mainly generates torque aerodynamic imbalance due to a lift force. A much smaller static component of the aerodynamic imbalance is formed by the drag force acting on the blade. The correcting mass located in the propeller plane balances both static and torque components of the aerodynamic imbalance in its correction plane. A second correcting mass (for example, on the electric motor shank) balances the torque component of aerodynamic imbalance in its correction plane. The calculations are simplified under the assumption that the equilibrium of aerodynamic forces is perpendicular to the chord of the blade. For approximate calculations, one can use information about the approximate location of the pressure center. The aerodynamic forces acting on the blade can be determined on the basis of the correcting masses that balance them. The accuracy in determining the aerodynamic forces could be improved by measuring a lift force. The computational experiment has confirmed the theoretical results formulated above. The experiment further proves the possibility of applying the devised theory for propellers whose rotation speed changes with a change in the angles of blade installation. The findings reported here could be used both for devising methods of propeller balancing and for constructing methods to study the aerodynamic forces acting on the blade.

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Yeh, Chang Tsang, Tian Min Ma, Shu Cheng Lin, Tzung Wei Lin, Ho Cheng Chen, and Wei Chin Hong. "The Comparison of the Oil-Water Retained Rate between the Different Style Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 440 (October 2013): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.440.266.

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Purpose: the purpose of this study was to compare the difference of the oil-water retained rate between different style plates. Methods: An ordinary commercial plate and the patented new health plate were used in the same meal program, and the oil-water retention were calculated for each meals. Results: Oil-water retention in patented dish was significantly more than the ordinary plate. Conclusions: Patented new plate has designed an additional V-shaped grooves which can keep more oil and water stay in the plate, and this new plate can fix vegetable, fruit, protein in the proportion to be a balanced and healthy diet. New plate not only can reduce oil-water in the dish and the proportion of food can clearly teach student s to understand and develop good control their diet behavior.

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Nguyen, Hoanh. "Predicted Anchor Region Proposal with Balanced Feature Pyramid for License Plate Detection in Traffic Scene Images." Complexity 2020 (June 16, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5137056.

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License plate detection is a key problem in intelligent transportation systems. Recently, many deep learning-based networks have been proposed and achieved incredible success in general object detection, such as faster R-CNN, SSD, and R-FCN. However, directly applying these deep general object detection networks on license plate detection without modifying may not achieve good enough performance. This paper proposes a novel deep learning-based framework for license plate detection in traffic scene images based on predicted anchor region proposal and balanced feature pyramid. In the proposed framework, ResNet-34 architecture is first adopted for generating the base convolution feature maps. A balanced feature pyramid generation module is then used to generate balanced feature pyramid, of which each feature level obtains equal information from other feature levels. Furthermore, this paper designs a multiscale region proposal network with a novel predicted location anchor scheme to generate high-quality proposals. Finally, a detection network which includes a region of interest pooling layer and fully connected layers is adopted to further classify and regress the coordinates of detected license plates. Experimental results on public datasets show that the proposed approach achieves better detection performance compared with other state-of-the-art methods on license plate detection.

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Zheng, Yu Fang, and Li Qiong Deng. "Effect of Piezoelectricity on Nonlinear Free Vibration of Moderately Thick Laminated Piezoelectric Plates." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1223.

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On the basis of laminated plate theory and piezoelectric theory, the nonlinear free vibration governing equations for symmetric cross-ply moderately thick laminated piezoelectric plates are established. The Galerkin procedure furnishes an infinite system of equations for time functions which are solved by the method of harmonic balance. In the numerical results, the influences of piezoelectric effect and various location of piezoelectric layer on the nonlinear vibrating frequency of the laminated piezoelectric plates are discussed.

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Liao, Shian-Ching, Yi-Wei Tu, Kuang-Shine Yang, and Ming-Tzu Ho. "Balance and Tracking Control of Ball and Plate Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 13115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.02217.

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Ker, Cheng Chang, Chin E. Lin, and Rong Tyai Wang. "Tracking and balance control of ball and plate system." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 30, no. 3 (April 2007): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2007.9671274.

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Karlsson, Annica, and Gunilla Frykberg. "Correlations between force plate measures for assessment of balance." Clinical Biomechanics 15, no. 5 (June 2000): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0268-0033(99)00096-0.

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Wang, Xing. "Stability Analysis of Plate-Cone Reticulated Shell." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3760.

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This paper carries out stability analysis on plate-cone reticulated shell considering geometrical nonlinearity of cooperating work between plates and members. In this paper, stability behavior of different kinds of plate-cone reticulated shell considering geometrical nonlinearity is analyzed by using the software ANSYS, tracking complete process balance path for load-displacement by using arc-length method, the several problems of plate-cone reticulated shell are studied, such as destruction mechanism, structural ductility, ultimate bearing capacity and strength reserve, some important conclusions are obtained. After analyzing the stability behavior of double-layer reticulated shell by ANSYS and comparing with plate-cone reticulated shell, it is proved that plate-cone reticulated shell is more advantageous than double-layer reticulated shell in the aspect of stability behavior.

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Bai, Ping. "Improvement and Experimental Research on High-Pressure Gear Pump Based on Volumetric Efficiency." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.739.

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Based on the basic structure of typical high-pressure gear pump, a new kind of high-pressure gear pump was designed and applied in water hydraulic transmission system. In this design, the floating plate of typical gear pump is ceramiclized to improve its wear-resisting property; the balance chamber was used to brace and lubricate the axle. Furthermore, the radial unbalanced force induced by the pressure difference of input and output is balanced by the structure of balance chamber. The dynamic characteristic of gear pump is improved and the axel wear is reduced. By using tip relief of tooth flank profile modification, the leakage rate of gear flank is effectively reduced, and the volume efficiency is improved.

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Wang, An Lin, Xiao Lu Zhang, Xue Wen Shan, and Wei Liu. "Research on Floating Moment Balancing Mechanism of a Gear Pump's Asymmetric Floating Plate with a V-Shaped Groove." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.555.

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Symmetrical floating plate of the high pressure and large displacement gear pump in rated conditions is inability to achieve the floating moment balance. To solve this problem, a new balancing mechanism is presented in this paper, which is asymmetric with a V-shaped groove structure on its driven side, called asymmetric balancing mechanism. Compared with traditional symmetric balancing mechanism, the floating plate with asymmetric balancing mechanism the can the coupling problem between the gear shaft and gear inner flow field through its own asymmetrical structure, so that the gear pumps internal flow field was the symmetrical distribution. According to the structural characteristics of the floating plates, Parameterized moment model based on discrete feature points was established. Theoretical analysis and experimental tests show the result , when suffered floating moment as evaluation criteria, in rated conditions, compared with the traditional symmetrical balancing mechanism one, that the balance performance of the floating plate with V-shaped groove asymmetric balancing mechanism improve by 41.42%.

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Coltice, Nicolas, Laurent Husson, Claudio Faccenna, and Maëlis Arnould. "What drives tectonic plates?" Science Advances 5, no. 10 (October 2019): eaax4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax4295.

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Does Earth’s mantle drive plates, or do plates drive mantle flow? This long-standing question may be ill posed, however, as both the lithosphere and mantle belong to a single self-organizing system. Alternatively, this question is better recast as follows: Does the dynamic balance between plates and mantle change over long-term tectonic reorganizations, and at what spatial wavelengths are those processes operating? A hurdle in answering this question is in designing dynamic models of mantle convection with realistic tectonic behavior evolving over supercontinent cycles. By devising these models, we find that slabs pull plates at rapid rates and tear continents apart, with keels of continents only slowing down their drift when they are not attached to a subducting plate. Our models show that the tectonic tessellation varies at a higher degree than mantle flow, which partly unlocks the conceptualization of plate tectonics and mantle convection as a unique, self-consistent system.

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Alexandru, Curcă. "Implementing a Software Load Balancer with a Genetic Algorithm." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIII, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-20-i2-024.

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In the context of network evolution, concepts like Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) appeared on the market. Network virtualization permits the implementation of routers, switches and load balancers in software and separation of control plane and data plane brings easier configuration, implementation and scalability. The monolithic design of traditional network devices can be changed by implementing new algorithms which will improve the overall system performance. An example is our Software Load Balancer with a Genetic Algorithm. The code written in Python is functional through the POX Controller and the advantages of evolutionary algorithms make this implementation an innovative solution for dynamically modified topologies.

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Syczewska, Malgorzata, Ewa Szczerbik, Malgorzata Kalinowska, Anna Swiecicka, and Grazyna Graff. "Are Gait and Balance Problems in Neurological Patients Interdependent? Enhanced Analysis Using Gait Indices, Cyclograms, Balance Parameters and Entropy." Entropy 23, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23030359.

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Background: Balance and locomotion are two main complex functions, which require intact and efficient neuromuscular and sensory systems, and their proper integration. In many studies the assumption of their dependence is present, and some rehabilitation approaches are based on it. Other papers undermine this assumption. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the possible dependence between gait and balance in patients with neurological or sensory integration problems, which affected their balance. Methods: 75 patients (52 with neurological diseases, 23 with sensory integration problems) participated in the study. They underwent balance assessment on Kistler force plate in two conditions, six tests on a Balance Biodex System and instrumented gait analysis with VICON. The gait and balances parameters and indices, together with entropy and cyclograms were used for the analysis. Spearman correlation, multiple regression, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis were used as analytical tools. Results: The analysis divided patients into 2 groups with 100% correctly classified cases. Some balance and gait measures are better in the first group, but some others in the second. Conclusions: This finding confirms the hypothesis that there is no direct link between gait and balance deficits.

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Suchoy, Lior, Saskia Goes, Benjamin Maunder, Fanny Garel, and Rhodri Davies. "Effects of basal drag on subduction dynamics from 2D numerical models." Solid Earth 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-79-2021.

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Abstract. Subducting slabs are an important driver of plate motions, yet the relative importance of different forces in governing subduction motions and styles remains incompletely understood. Basal drag has been proposed to be a minor contributor to subduction forcing because of the lack of correlation between plate size and velocity in observed and reconstructed plate motions. Furthermore, in single subduction system models, low basal drag leads to subduction behaviour most consistent with the observation that trench migration velocities are generally low compared to convergence velocities. By contrast, analytical calculations and global mantle flow models indicate basal drag can be substantial. In this study, we revisit this problem by examining the drag at the base of the lithosphere, for a single subduction system, in 2D models with a free trench and composite non-linear rheology. We compare the behaviour of short and long plates for a range of asthenospheric and lithospheric rheologies. We reproduce results from previous modelling studies, including low ratios of trench over plate motions. However, we also find that any combination of asthenosphere and lithosphere viscosity that produces Earth-like subduction behaviour leads to a correlation of velocities with plate size, due to the role of basal drag. By examining Cenozoic plate motion reconstructions, we find that slab age and plate size are positively correlated: higher slab pull for older plates tends to be offset by higher basal drag below these larger plates. This, in part, explains the lack of plate velocity–size correlation in observations, despite the important role of basal drag in the subduction force balance.

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Crookes, Annie. "The Effects of Topic Choice on Performance Outcomes: An Analysis of Student Selected Third Year Essays." Psychology Learning & Teaching 6, no. 2 (September 2007): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/plat.2007.6.2.85.

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The role of choice in assessment topic on performance has not been properly addressed in the literature on learning strategies. Therefore, the present study forms the basis for an initial analysis of this issue. The study describes an investigation into the effects of freedom of assessment topic choice on students' performance. This follows suggestions from students that they do not perform as well on essays to which they have been arbitrarily assigned due to a decrease in interest, understanding and motivation to perform. Student performance was compared on self-selected and non-selected topics. The effects of choice were analysed by cohort, practice and marker effects. Academic ability was controlled for by a within subject design. The analysis found mixed evidence for increased performance when students are allowed to choose the topic of interest. The concept of student choice and how to balance this with practical limitations is discussed in light of the results and areas of further research are suggested.

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Lantz, Caprice, Debbie Smith, and Peter Branney. "Psychology Postgraduates' Perspectives on Teaching-Related Support and Training." Psychology Learning & Teaching 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/plat.2008.7.1.37.

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One hundred and forty-seven psychology postgraduates from 60 UK universities completed an online survey. The survey aimed to examine the experiences of psychology postgraduates around teaching and to provide an initial benchmark against which future developments in their support could be measured. This report explores respondents' experiences of teaching, training and support they receive as well as how they balance the roles of teaching and research. Findings indicate that while generally the experiences of postgraduates in teaching are good, concerns are evident in relation to marking, preparation, time and dealing with difficult students. Problems with time were found often to be associated with marking and preparation. Remuneration for time spent on teaching was also an issue. Findings suggest that postgraduates could benefit from clearer and more realistic guidance. Significant differences were found between teaching tasks undertaken by respondents at pre and post 1992 institutions and postgraduates at post 1992 institutions more often exceed assigned teaching hours.

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Ressayre, N. "Balanced Configurations of 2n + 1 Plane Vectors." Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 21, no. 3 (May 2005): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10801-005-6912-2.

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Namgung, Kwon, Tae-Hwan Kim, and Youn-Sik Hong. "Menu Recommendation System Using Smart Plates for Well-balanced Diet Habits of Young Children." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (November 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7971381.

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A well-balanced diet habit of a wide variety of foods and adequate nutrition can help to maintain proper growth and healthy life for young children. In Korea, young children aged 3 to 6 years use their own plates to eat lunch served in the kindergarten or childcare facilities. In this paper, we propose a smart plate that can easily measure how much food children have eaten. The smart plate has five load cell sensors to measure the weight of five places. Using them, the amount of food intake can be determined by measuring the weight of food before and after meals, respectively. This helps to know which foods young children prefer and which foods they do not prefer and identifies nutritional deficiencies in them. In addition, long-term accumulated data can be used to predict the growth index of young children. Finally, menus are recommended based on the nutrition facts consumed on a monthly basis by analyzing nutrition ingredients that were insufficient or excessive for children.

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Siregar, Lis Yulianti. "PEMANFAATAN FUNGSI OTAK SECARA SEIMBANG DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM." Darul Ilmi: Jurnal Ilmu Kependidikan dan Keislaman 9, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/di.v9i2.3416.

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The problem in this study is the mismatch of the balance of the work function of the right brain and left brain in learning Islamic Religious Education. Ideally, when there is a balance, the learning will be able to run effectively and pleasantly, but in fact there are still students who feel bored and sleepy while studying, there are even students who leave the room while learning is taking place. The research objective was to determine the factors that cause the balance of brain function utilization to be unbalanced. The research method used is library research or library research, namely a review of scientific works. Data collection techniques using content analysis techniques and constant comparative analysis. The results showed that the balanced use of brain function is a process, method, or action of brain function in learning according to the same amount of use. The balance of brain functions will facilitate a pleasant learning process and create effective and efficient learning. The use of balanced brain function in learning can be done by using learning media such as visual media, audio-visual media, and computer-based media, and several learning strategies that are tailored to the workings of the brain so that they can be balanced in their utilization which is applied by the teacher according to the material presented. such as active learning strategies, innovative, creative, effective and fun for students.

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Singh, Prem, and Himanshu Chaudhary. "Optimum two-plane balancing of rigid rotor using discrete optimization algorithm." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-05-2018-0167.

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Purpose This paper aims to present the optimum two-plane discrete balancing procedure for rigid rotor. The discrete two-plane balancing in which rotor is balanced to minimize the residual effects or the reactions on the bearing supports using discrete parameters such as masses and their angular positions on two balancing planes. Design/methodology/approach Therefore as a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated by considering reaction forces on the bearing supports as a multi objective functions and discrete parameters on each balancing plane as design variables. These multi-objective functions are converted into a single-objective function using appropriate weighting factors. Further, this optimization problem is solved using discrete optimization algorithm, based on Jaya algorithm. Findings The performance of the discrete Jaya algorithm is compared to genetic algorithm (GA) algorithm. It is found that Jaya algorithm is computationally more efficient than GA algorithm. A number of masses per plane are used to balance the rotor. A comparison of reaction forces using number of masses per plane is investigated. Originality/value The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is tested by the balancing problem of rotor available in the literature. The influence of a number of balance masses on bearing forces and objective function are discussed. ADAMS software is used for validation of a developed balancing approach.

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Sylcott, Brian, Keith Williams, Mark Hinderaker, and Chia-Cheng Lin. "Comparison of HTC Vive™ Virtual Reality Headset Position Measures to Center of Pressure Measures." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 2333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631344.

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This study was completed to validate a virtual reality (VR) headset (HTC ViveTM, Taiwan) as a tool to measure postural sway using the position and orientation tracking capabilities built into the VR system. If validated, the headset could be a cost-effective tool for balance assessments. Unity was used to develop an optical flow environment for VR. Study participants were able to experience three different speeds of optical flow displayed through the HTC Vive headset. However, for this study, participants were shown a scene in the virtual environment that did not move, causing no optical flow for the participant. A force plate and VR headset recorded position measurements during each trial. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the headset and the force plate data measurements were calculated in MATLAB, along with the root-mean-squared and peak-to-peak values for each trial. Results show that correlations in the AP plane tended to be greater than 0.4 and correlation in the ML plane tended to be greater than 0.6. The VR headset may be used for postural control measurements in clinic. However, further development of software and testing protocols for balance assessments is needed.

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Lafage, Virginie, Frank Schwab, Wafa Skalli, Nicola Hawkinson, Pierre-Marie Gagey, Stephen Ondra, and Jean-Pierre Farcy. "Standing Balance and Sagittal Plane Spinal Deformity." Spine 33, no. 14 (June 2008): 1572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e31817886a2.

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Everett, L. J. "OPTIMAL TWO-PLANE BALANCE OF RIGID ROTORS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 208, no. 4 (December 1997): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1997.1211.

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Raymond, David J. "Nonlinear balance on an equatorial beta plane." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 120, no. 515 (January 1994): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712051513.

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Iwaniec, Marek, and Ryszard Panuszka. "The influence of stiffened plate modifications on the energy balance." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 5 (May 2004): 2461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4782354.

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Journal articles on the topic 'PLATE BALANCER'

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