Academic literature on the topic 'Plastique biosourcé'
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Journal articles on the topic "Plastique biosourcé":
Lors, Christine, Pauline Leleux, and Chung-Hae Park. "Biodégradabilité des plastiques biosourcés : revue bibliographique sur l’acide polylactique." Matériaux & Techniques 110, no. 6 (2022): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023002.
COLARD, Vincent. "Plastiques biosourcés et plastiques recyclés dans l'emballage." Emballages, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-ag6287.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plastique biosourcé":
Laffet, Lucie. "Impact de la pollution plastique sur les communautés microbiennes de rivière." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0149.
Plastic pollution, resulting from massive production and use of plastic polymers since the 20th century, is now ubiquitous in the biosphere. Plastics durability makes them able to persist for decades to centuries, fragmenting into microplastics, that can accumulate everywhere from the deep ocean to the top of the mountains. In aquatic environments, plastics promote the formation of microbial communities similar to natural aquatic biofilms known as the 'plastisphere'. While the presence and impact of plastics on microbial communities has been extensively characterized for the marine ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems have been less explored. Furthermore, most of the studies focus on the effect of the microplastics size fraction rather than on macroplastics.The first part of this thesis compared the microbial colonization between two plastic types (non-biodegradable and biodegradable) and natural substrata (sediments, rocks, and leaves) in two sites of the same watershed with contrasting plastic-pollution levels. This comparison included an analysis of the structural and functional descriptors of microbial communities during substrata colonization. Overall, microbial densities and enzymatic activities involved in organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous decomposition were higher on natural substrata (sediments, rocks, and leaves) than on plastics substrata. This could be due to the greater availability of organic carbon and nutrients in natural substrata. River microorganisms exhibited colonization differences between plastic types at the downstream site, with higher bacterial density and enzymatic activities values measured on the biodegradable compared to the non-biodegradable plastic. Consequently, the presence of biodegradable macroplastics would increase heterotrophy to the river ecosystem more than the presence of non-biodegradable macroplastics.The second part assessed the structural and functional impact of the same plastic types on sediment and rock microbial communities in a river microcosm experiment. Main findings revealed contrasting plastic effects depending on the approach used. At the substratum scale, the addition of non-biodegradable plastic increased β-glucosidase activity and the addition of biodegradable plastic reduced the fungal density in microbial communities from rocks. However, at the microcosm scale, the presence of both plastics reduced N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and phosphatase activities, as well as fungal and algal biomasses in the entire microcosm. At both substratum and microcosm scales, the addition of leaf litter tended to mitigate the plastic impact on microbial communities, especially those from rocks.The impact of plastics on benthic microbial communities depends on several factors, including the plastic type, water physicochemical characteristics, the presence of organic substrata (e.g. leaves), and the scale of the study. This research highlights the impact of macroplastics on the structure and function of rock microbial communities, and calls for a more balanced research between the study of microplastics and plastics form other size fractions
Marrot, Laetitia. "Contribution au développement de matériaux composites à matrices thermodurcissables biosourcées et renforcées par des fibres végétales." Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS333.
Nowadays, depletion of fossil resources and climate change create a growing awareness of the limits of the environment. To be more respectful towards the environment, it is possible to replace glass fibers by vegetable fibers in the reinforcement of composite materials. Thermoset composite materials are well adapted for applications which require high performances. The purpose of this work is to help the development of thermoset composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. First, we highlighted hemp fibers characteristics and their main microstructural specificities, which make them different from flax. Consequences on hemp fibers of activities related to the harvesting steps like decorticating and retting have been investigated. Then, we found interesting results for the use of biobased epoxy and polyester resins in terms of mechanical performances and adhesion with flax fibers. It has been showed that the hardener nature of the epoxy matrix has an influence on the adhesion with a flax fiber. In the last section, we considered industrial composites reinforced with flax fibers with petrochemical and biobased epoxy matrices. We checked the specifications for the mechanical properties in automotive, railway transport and luxury furniture applications. In spite of several defects, especially porosities, the composites showed satisfying tensile and bending properties. Impact properties remained insufficient though
Deleage, Fanny. "Formulations et modifications par extrusion réactive d'un mélange de polymères biodégradable et partiellement biosourcé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES030.
Biodegradable plastics need to be more and more competitive. This work, conducted between IMP@UJM laboratory and LCI company had the main objective of increasing the content of renewable materials in the biodegradable blend of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/ thermoplastic flour (TPF), without decreasing its mechanical properties. The blend was obtained by a single step extrusion, including flour thermoplastification and blending with the polyester. The scientific challenge was to understand the relationship between processing parameters, the morphology establishment, the concentration of each phase of the blend and its mechanical properties. Then, these results were exploited in order to increase the mechanical properties of the mixture. The influence of the concentration of TPF and the viscosity ratio between the phases was highlighted over the entire concentration range. This highlighted the importance of controlling the interfacial tension of the blend. Mechanisms of the morphology establishment were proposed, as well as interpretations about its effect on the mechanical properties of the blend. Then, a study of the PBAT modification by reactive extrusion was proposed. The evolution of the polyester structure was characterized by size exclusion chromatography, according to various parameters including the mixing time. Finally, various modifications of PBAT/TPF mixture were tested. Modifying the PBAT, the TPF phase or the interface via the compatibilizers were studied in order to tailor the rheological, morphological and mechanical properties
Besson, François. "Mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques à matrice biosourcée : amélioration de la résistance au choc d'un dérivé cellulosique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00971268.
Deroiné, Morgan. "Étude du vieillissement de biopolymères en milieu marin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS354.
Pollution of nature by plastics is a major environmental problem and better management of the lifetime of polymers is a major challenge for the future. In recent years, bio-based and biodegradable polymers, such as polylactide (PLA), or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have appeared as an alternative solution in order to solve these problems. One of the limits remains the relative lack of knowledge of their lifetime and degradation behaviour in aqueous environments, and more specifically in the marine environment. In this study natural and accelerated ageing tests were performed under several conditions, distilled water, filtered and renewed seawater and natural seawater, at different temperatures, in order to decouple enzymatic and hydrolytic mechanisms. The aim of this study is to establish a baseline on degradation mechanisms and kinetics, in order to make lifetime predictions of biopolymer behaviour in seawater.Degradation phenomena have been identified. Biodegradation tests were also performed in a marine environment by following the release of CO2. Then, lifetime predictions of the properties of these biopolymers at seawater temperature were made using two different approaches
Goument, Caroline. "Caractérisation, mise en forme et recyclage de polymères biosourcés pour le développement d’un procédé de fabrication plastronique respectueux de l’environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0109.
In the majority of cases, electronic objects in our everyday life have a plastic casing made of petrochemical polymer materials. Today, replacing the petrochemical-based materials with more environmentally-friendly ones is a necessary transition. 3D plastronics is an emerging field of research than can overcome some of the limitations of conventional electronics, particularly as it requires to redefine the polymer substrates. This PhD is part of the BIOANTENNA project of the AURA Region's Ambition Research Pack, whose goal is to manufacture an innovative electronic device in terms of the materials used and the functionalities of the electronic circuit. In this thesis, we study a mass production process for electronic devices called In-Mold Electronics (IME). It comprises three main stages: screen printing, thermoforming and injection molding. In the state of the art, the reference polymer in IME is PolyCarbonate (PC). Our goal is to replace PC with a more environmentally-friendly material: Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA). Over the last ten years, this polymer has been the subject of numerous studies in order to use it as an alternative to petrochemical-based engineering polymers. PLA is the most widely used biosourced polymer today. It is also biodegradable in industrial composting, which could provide a solution for end-of-life products and make it suitable for use in the circular economy. This manuscript is divided in two main parts : one regarding the manufacturing of a plastronic device using IME and PLA, and the other on the dismantling of the IME devices manufactured in the first part
Mora, Anne-Sophie. "Élaboration de revêtements époxy pour contact alimentaire à empreinte environnementale réduite A perspective approach on the amine reactivity and the hydrogen bonds effect on epoxy-amine systems vanillin-derived amines for bio-based thermosets synthesis of biobased reactive hydroxyl amines by amination reaction of cardanol-based epoxy monomers synthesis of pluri-functional amine hardeners from bio-based aromatic aldehydes for epoxy amine thermosets cardanol-based epoxy monomers for high thermal properties thermosets." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCM0012.
The presented PhD works were initiated by an industrial collaboration with the company Nouvelle Sogatra, specialized in the design, manufacturing and marketing of two component protective coatings for food contact. The aim of this project is to offer new high-performance epoxy thermosets from bio based reactants and, ideally with a low impact on the health and the environment. This PhD works focus on the identification of new synthesis methodologies of bio-based amine hardeners, which could be easily industrialized.The direct epoxy amination by ring opening using ammonia and the reductive amination via imine synthesis were selected as synthesis routes for their simple utilization and their eco friendly character. Hence, bio based and/or reduced toxicity commercial precursors were selected. New amine hardeners were synthesized from bio resources, such as vanillin, cardanol and benzaldehyde. These hardeners were then used to synthesize epoxy-amine thermosets, whose thermomechanical and physicochemical properties were characterized
Bendaoud, Amine. "Fluide supercritique et liquide ionique comme plastifiants de polymères biosourcés : application à l'amidon et à l'acétate de cellulose." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4017/document.
Biopolymers are viable alternatives to the use of conventional plastics derived from fossil fuels resources. In this study, our objective, beyond doing the melt processing ionic liquids plasticized starch and cellulose acetate in laboratory scale microcoumpounder which simulate the performance of a co-rotating twin screw extruder, are to investigate the effects and influence of ionic liquids and water on the intrinsic properties of the materials which are prepared. In general ways, processing with ionic liquids compared with conventional plasticizers, presents: a better interaction with starch and cellulose acetate, a more efficient depressor of glass transition temperature and allows the production of processed materials with efficient crystallinity destruction and plasticization. In the second step, we investigate the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide on the processing of starch with ionic liquid and the effects of the processing pressure, temperature and duration of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2), which is an environmentally-friendly component, on the properties of plasticized starch. The significant results show that ScCO2 is capable of interacting with starch chains and with ionic liquids, so that it may induce a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the plasticized starch
Deroiné, Morgan. "Étude du vieillissement de biopolymères en milieu marin." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS354/document.
Pollution of nature by plastics is a major environmental problem and better management of the lifetime of polymers is a major challenge for the future. In recent years, bio-based and biodegradable polymers, such as polylactide (PLA), or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have appeared as an alternative solution in order to solve these problems. One of the limits remains the relative lack of knowledge of their lifetime and degradation behaviour in aqueous environments, and more specifically in the marine environment. In this study natural and accelerated ageing tests were performed under several conditions, distilled water, filtered and renewed seawater and natural seawater, at different temperatures, in order to decouple enzymatic and hydrolytic mechanisms. The aim of this study is to establish a baseline on degradation mechanisms and kinetics, in order to make lifetime predictions of biopolymer behaviour in seawater.Degradation phenomena have been identified. Biodegradation tests were also performed in a marine environment by following the release of CO2. Then, lifetime predictions of the properties of these biopolymers at seawater temperature were made using two different approaches
Abdillahi, Houssein. "Propriétes barrière et mécaniques d'agromatériaux thermoplastiques à base de farine de blé et de polyesters biosources et biodégradables." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0027.
From basic and essential to unnecessary and optional consumer products, packaging, particularly plastic, is today an indispensable part of our daily life. Its extensive use in the food industry for a single use and for a short shelf-life encourages us today to move towards new renewable and biodegradable materials with similar characteristics than their counterparts from fossil resources. Biopolymers and biopolyesters blends can be a good alternative. Within the framework of this present work, wheat flour, thermoplasticised by glycerol and water, and biobased and biodegradable polyesters such as PLA and/or PHB, were blended using an industrial twin screw extruder and were injection-molded into thermoplastic materials. Thermal, dynamic thermomechanical, morphological, mechanical and barriers properties of these new materials were studied. Citric acid was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interface starch/PLA. The different investigations have allowed us to develop various types of formulations, with mechanical characteristics and barrier properties to water vapor, very attractive for manufacturing plastic food packaging which can be used for meats or cheeses. Food contact suitability and biodegradability of thermoplasticised wheat flour/polyester materials have also studied