Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plastics Treaty

Academic literature on the topic 'Plastics Treaty'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Plastics Treaty.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Plastics Treaty"

1

Thompson, Richard C., Sabine Pahl, and Emenda Sembiring. "Plastics treaty — research must inform action." Nature 608, no. 7923 (August 16, 2022): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-02201-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tessnow-von Wysocki, Ina, and Philippe Le Billon. "Plastics at sea: Treaty design for a global solution to marine plastic pollution." Environmental Science & Policy 100 (October 2019): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.06.005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ammendolia, Justine, and Tony R. Walker. "Global plastics treaty must be strict and binding." Nature 611, no. 7935 (November 8, 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03581-z.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Courtene-Jones, Winnie, Nathaniel J. Clark, and Richard C. Thompson. "Plastic pollution: the science we need for the planet we want." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20220019.

Full text
Abstract:
Plastics are incredibly versatile materials that can bring diverse societal and environmental benefit, yet current practices of production, use and disposal have negative effects on wildlife, the environment and human health leading to growing concern across public, policy makers and industry. This Special Issue in Emerging Topics in Life Sciences describes recent advances in our understanding of the consequences of plastic pollution. In particular, it examines their potential to act as vectors for chemicals and pathogens in the environment; evaluates the effects of plastic pollution on biogeochemical cycling, ecosystem functioning and highlights the potential for enhanced effects in environments that are already subject to substantive changes in their climate. The impacts plastics pose to terrestrial ecosystems including soil communities are described and evaluated, along with evidence of potential issues for human health. With an increase in the production of plastics labelled as ‘biodegradable’ their context and ecological impacts are reviewed. Finally, we discuss the need to take an integrative, system approach when developing and evaluating solutions to plastic pollution, to achieve the ambitious yet necessary aims of the UN Plastics Treaty.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Tiller, Rachel, and Elizabeth Nyman. "Ocean plastics and the BBNJ treaty—is plastic frightening enough to insert itself into the BBNJ treaty, or do we need to wait for a treaty of its own?" Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 8, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-018-0495-4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kirk, Elizabeth A. "The Montreal Protocol or the Paris Agreement as a Model for a Plastics Treaty?" AJIL Unbound 114 (2020): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2020.39.

Full text
Abstract:
The notion that a plastics treaty is necessary is gaining traction, but there is less agreement as to its content. Some, including this author, have suggested that a plastics treaty should be modelled on treaties such as the Montreal Protocol, which sets out a broad commitment to end the use of a particular material and then introduce regulations to ban particular forms of that material over time. This approach has an immediate appeal—it sends a signal to states and to industry that they must change their behaviors and products, while giving time to adapt to the new regulation and develop alternative materials or ways of working. The potential drawback of this approach is that some states simply will not accept such rigid standards. In addition, some states may prefer a second approach that is more obviously rooted in the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, which assigns different obligations to parties according to their respective capacities. Within the climate change regime, the Paris Agreement takes both approaches, asking states to set their own nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to emissions reductions (common but differentiated responsibilities) and then to revise these NDCs over time through an iterative process to deliver progressively more ambitious targets for emissions reduction (moving toward a ban) or mitigation. In reality, neither approach is entirely suited to regulating plastics, so a new approach to treaty-making is required. This new approach should focus on the outcomes desired rather than the practices that need to be regulated.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Deeney, Megan, Joe Yates, Rosemary Green, and Suneetha Kadiyala. "Centring human health in the global plastics treaty: a call to action." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 11 (November 2022): e011040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011040.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Subramanian, Meera. "Plastics tsunami: Can a landmark treaty stop waste from choking the oceans?" Nature 611, no. 7937 (November 22, 2022): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03793-3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Walton, D. W. H. "Waste disposal–expectations and realities." Antarctic Science 2, no. 2 (June 1990): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410209000013x.

Full text
Abstract:
Garbage is on everyones' minds at the moment and no more so than in the Antarctic. Thirty years ago it was publicly, legally and scientifically acceptable to burn plastics, to leave rubbish to fall through the ice and to dump hazardous waste into the sea outside the Treaty area. This is no longer the case and the recent turn round in policy poses a number of problems, especially for those countries with long-established stations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Gudev, Pavel. "Problems of The Antarctic Treaty System (Political and Legal Aspects)." Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost, no. 6 (December 2021): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086904990017873-2.

Full text
Abstract:
The article considers the key factors that affect the stability of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), erode its basic norms and provisions, lead to strengthening of political and legal contradictions between countries and, in general, to a prospective strengthening of interstate conflicts. Among those factors are the attempts of some claimant states to form maritime zones of sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction in the Antarctic waters and the process of defining the outer limits of the continental shelf within the framework of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf initiated by them. The author shows how justifying their actions with references to the rights and powers granted to them under modern international maritime law, and above all the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, leads to an imbalance of the entire System. The unresolved questions concerning the applicability of the concept of common heritage of mankind (CCH) to the Antarctic, the legality of the formation of maritime zones around the sub-Antarctic islands and restrictions on the exercise of national jurisdiction on the continent itself increase pressure on the sustainability of the established legal regime. It is in the interests of the Russian Federation not to allow the complete destruction of the established system of governance, and if it is inevitable, to be ready to pursue an active policy to defend its national interests.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plastics Treaty"

1

Bläckberg, Lisa. "Surface coatings as xenon diffusion barriers on plastic scintillators : Improving Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-163084.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis investigates the ability of transparent surface coatings to reduce xenon diffusion into plastic scintillators. The motivation for the work is improved radioxenon monitoring equipment, used with in the framework of the verification regime of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. A large part of the equipment used in this context incorporates plastic scintillators which are in direct contact with the radioactive gas to be detected. One problem with such setup is that radioxenon diffuses into the plastic scintillator material during the measurement, resulting in an unwanted memory effect consisting of residual activity left in the detector. In this work coatings of Al2O3 and SiO2, with thicknesses between 20 and 400 nm have been deposited onto flat plastic scintillator samples, and tested with respect to their Xe diffusion barrier capabilities. All tested coatings were found to reduce the memory effect, and 425 nm of Al2O3 showed the most promise. This coating was deposited onto a complete detector. Compared to uncoated detectors, the coated one presented a memory effect reduction of a factor of 1000. Simulations and measurements of the expected light collection efficiency of a coated detector were also performed, since it is important that this property is not degraded by the coating. It was shown that a smooth coating, with a similar refractive index as the one of the plastic, should not significantly affect the light collection and resolution. The resolution of the complete coated detector was also measured, showing a resolution comparable to uncoated detectors. The work conducted in this thesis proved that this coating approach is a viable solution to the memory effect problem, given that the results are reproducible, and that the quality of the coating is maintained over time.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Eisenheld, Leopold. "Measuring the Adhesive Bond Quality of Vinyl Ester-Glass Composites on Novolak HMR Treated Wood." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EisenheldL2003.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lee, Young-Jin. "Study on the dispersion of surface treated titanium dioxide in various media." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060695240.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Shiltagh, Khilod. "NOVEL CONCEPT TO TREAT WEEE FOR ENERGY AND METALS RECYCLE BASING ON PYROLYSIS PROCESS." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-204905.

Full text
Abstract:
For the time different challenges are facing the world to stop the environment impacts  and availability of vital resources. Electrical and electronical Equipment (EEE) are contained harmful compounds which considered to be a major threat for living organisms and might cause long term impacts on environment (Md. Abdur Rakib, 2014). Furthermore, evolution of technology leads to production of a huge amount of electronic waste globally, which need to be treated by innovative technologies in order to minimize their environmental impact and simultaneously maximize their recovery rates. Pyrolysis is a promising method for treating these fractions of waste because it can potentially convert these waste into energy and metals.  Waste of Electrical and electronical Equipment (WEEE) contains both valuable and harmful materials, industrial waste are various physically and chemically from household waste. To avoid the opposite influence on environment and human health, presuppose particular recycling and treatment technique depending on the waste type (Gkaidatzis, Aggelakoglou, & Aktsoglou, 2009). Two types of WEEE have been processed using typical pyrolysis (Nitrogen) and pyrolysis (steam) at 600 °C, Fixed bed reactor was used in addition to a separate boiler for producing steam. Two samples were investigated Printed circuit board- main body and -sockets. The main focus of this work was to investigate the influence of steam presence on pyrolysis for recovering energy and metals from recycling WEEE. The comparison between pyrolysis at inert atmosphere and steam pyrolysis results of two various fractions of E-Waste were prepared, in addition to literature investigation related to recycling of E- waste and traditional routes which are followed in recovering materials nowadays was done. The results of this study  provides the incentive to continue experiments around pyrolysis process by using other methods.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Ashaolu, Folorunso. "Measuring the Nanoindentation Properties of Alendronate-Time Treated Canine Cortical." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/522.

Full text
Abstract:
This study examines the nanoindentation (energy inclusive) properties of 0.2 mg/kg alendronate treated ribs at one and three years against a vehicle treated control in a fresh-frozen, non-cold-mounted, condition. This was to verify if the tissue-level properties for 0.2 ALN treated beagles would increase because of an increased level of mineralization despite a microdamage increase. A total of twelve (12) skeletally mature (1–2 years old) female beagle dogs were treated daily for three years and one year with oral doses of vehicle (VEH, 1 mL/kg saline) or alendronate (ALN, 0.2 Merck, Rahway, NJ). The 0.2 mg dose corresponds, on a milligram per kilogram basis, to those used for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Transversely cut samples were ground and polished to 0.3μm, and were then mounted while nanoindentation was performed. The data obtained were analyzed using two modes of diamond area functions: ideal function and general function. The statistical analysis for the data were carried out using a repeated measured ANOVA (SAS V 9.1, Cary NC.) with the measured and calculated mechanical property (elastic modulus or hardness) or energy property (elastic work or plastic work) as the dependent variable and treatment (control, 1 year or 3 years) modeled as the subject. Either Turkey-Kramer or Bonferroni method was used to compute the pair-wise difference. The results indicate that when compared to one year, the three years of alendronate medication for postmenopausal osteoporosis did not have any effect on the strength of the canine cortical bone, whereas this had effect on the hardness of the subjects. This increase in the medication time resulted in an increase in the elastic work but a decrease in the plastic work. The two methods (modes) of diamond area function analysed showed different mechanical properties (elastic modulus and hardness).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bläckberg, Lisa. "Surface Coatings as Xenon Diffusion Barriers for Improved Detection of Clandestine Nuclear Explosions." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-215562.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis investigates surface coatings as xenon diffusion barriers on plastic scintillators. The motivation for the work is improved radioxenon detection systems, used within the verification regime of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). One type of radioxenon detection systems used in this context is the Swedish SAUNA system. This system uses a cylindrical plastic scintillator cell to measure the beta decay from radioxenon isotopes. The detector cell also acts as a container for the xenon sample during the measurement. One problem with this setup is that part of the xenon sample diffuses into the plastic scintillator material during the measurement, resulting in residual activity left in the detector during subsequent measurements. This residual activity is here referred to as the memory effect. It is here proposed, and demonstrated, that it is possible to coat the plastic scintillator material with a transparent oxide coating, working as a xenon diffusion barrier. It is found that a 425 nm Al2O3 coating, deposited with Atomic Layer Deposition, reduces the memory effect by a factor of 1000, compared an uncoated detector. Furthermore, simulations show that the coating might also improve the light collection in the detector. Finally, the energy resolution of a coated detector is studied, and no degradation is observed. The focus of the thesis is measurements of the diffusion barrier properties of Al2O3 films of different thicknesses deposited on plastic scintillators, as well as an evaluation of the expected effect of a coating on the energy resolution of the detector. The latter is studied through light transport simulations. As a final step, a complete coated plastic scintillator cell is evaluated in terms of memory effect, efficiency and energy resolution. In addition, the xenon diffusion process in the plastic material is studied, and molecular dynamics simulations of the Xe-Al2O3 system are performed in order to investigate the reason for the need for a rather thick coating to significantly reduce the memory effect.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Schönström, Linus, Anna Nordh, Anton Strignert, Frida Lemel, Jakob Ekengard, Sofie Wallin, and Zargham Jabri. "A process recipe for bonding a silicone membrane to a plastic substrate." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201008.

Full text
Abstract:
A spin-cast silicone membrane has been successfully bonded between two injection-molded microstructured plastic discs. This sandwich structure creates a useful platform for mass production of microfluidic systems, provided that the bonds are leakproof. The bonds were achieved by a silicon dioxide coating deposited on the plastic discs by evaporation. This investigation is concerned with the process and the result only, no theory is discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Shi, Feifei. "Comportement des tôles métalliques à gradient de propriété sous chargement dynamique." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0035/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette étude vise à bien comprendre puis à modéliser le comportement mécanique dans une large plage de vitesse de déformation des tôles d’acier austénitique AISI304 ayant subis un traitement d'attrition mécanique de la surface (SMAT). Ces tôles ainsi traités sont des matériaux multicouches avec un gradient de propriétés. Les principaux résultats obtenus sont résumés comme suit：(1) La sensibilité globale à la vitesse déformation des tôles d’acier austénitique AISI304 traités avec SMAT est caractérisée par des essais de double cisaillement sous chargements quasi-statiques et dynamiques, qui permet d’atteindre une grande déformation sans instabilité géométrique. Des essais de double cisaillement sous impact sont réalisés à l’aide des barres de Hopkinson de grande diamètre et un système d’attache qui a une même impédance acoustique que la barre. Une sensibilité significative a été révélée et on observe ce renforcement n’a pas induit une réduction importante de la ductilité.(2) Dans le but d’un meilleur dépouillement de ces essais de double cisaillement, leur conditions d’essai est analysé dans le détaillé. Le modèle numérique avec le système d’attache a été construit pour étudier l’influence du système d’attache au début de chargement. On trouve un effet limité pour les diverses conditions imparfaites des essais comme la souplesse de système d’attache, des champs mécaniques non-homogènes, l’état de non-équilibre, etc. Par contre, les études numérique et analytique ont démontré que l’hypothèse simple de petites perturbations habituellement utilisé pour le dépouillement de ces essais n’est pas suffisamment précise. La déformation Eulérien cumulée doit être utilisée pour obtenir un résultat numérique correct. A partir de ce résultat, la sensibilité à la vitesse déformation des tôles d’acier austénitique AISI304 traités avec SMAT obtenue expérimentalement a été retouchée.(3) Un modèle multicouche elasto-plastique en dommageable a été proposé pour décrire le comportement des tôles d’acier austénitique AISI304 traités avec SMAT. Les paramètres sont identifiées à partir des essai de traction. La partie elasto-plastique est calée par une loi d’écrouissage de type Ludwig. Par contre, les paramètres d’endommagement sont obtenus avec une méthode d’identification inverse sur la base de simulation numérique de ces essais de traction. Pour valider ce modèle multi-couche elasto-plastique dommageable, un essai d’indentation/perforation est réalisé sur des tôles d’acier austénitique AISI304 traités avec SMAT. Des simulations numériques correspondantes montres que ce modèle multi-couche elasto-plastique en dommageable une prédiction plutôt précise de ces essais de d’indentation/perforation.(4) Pour évaluer la performance anti-perforation des tôles d’acier austénitique AISI304 traités avec SMAT, des essais de perforation sous impact a été réalisés avec des barres de Hopkinson. Des simulations numériques de ces essais de perforation sous impact sont réalisées avec un modèle numérique comparable avec le cas quasi-statique. ́tant donne que la sensibilité globale à la vitesse déformation des tôles d’acier austénitique AISI304 traités avec SMAT est caractérisée par des essais de double cisaillement, la sensibilité à la vitesse a été introduite dans le modèle multi-couche elasto-plastique en dommageable. Le résultat numérique correspond bien à la mesure expérimentale, ce qui indique non seulement l’efficacité du modèle numérique mais aussi celle du modèle multicouche elasto-plastique en dommageable
This Ph.D dissertation aimed at the comprehensive understanding and the constitutive modeling of the mechanical behaviours of the surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet under a large range of loading rates. SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheets are multi-layered functionally graded materials (FGM). The main research results and conclusions are summarized as followed:(1) The overall rate sensitivity SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet is characterized by the double shearing test under quasi-static and dynamic loading where a large strain can be achieved without geometry instability. Impact double shear test are performed with a large diameter Hopkinson bar system and an adapted equal-impedance clamping device. Significant rate sensitivity is found. It is also observed that such a rate enhancement does not induce an important reduction of the ductility.(2) In order to extract accurate material information from the double shear tests, their testing conditions are thoroughly analyzed using numerical simulation. Numerical models including clamping devices have been built to investigate the influence of this clamping device at the early stage of loading. A limited effect was found for various imperfect testing conditions such as the clamping device stiffness, non-homogeneous stress and strain fields, non-equilibrium state, etc. On the contrary, numerical and analytical study shows that the simple small strain assumption usually used in double shear tests are not accurate enough. Eulerian cumulated strain definition should be used to get consistent numerical results. From this finding, the experimental rate sensitivity obtained for the SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet are recalculated.(3) A multi-layers elastic plastic damageable constitutive model is proposed to model SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet. The parameters are identified using tensile testing results. The elastic plastic behavior is curve fitted with a simple Ludwig hardening model. However, the damage parameters should be identified using an inverse method on the basis of numerical simulation of these tensile tests. In order to validate this multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model, indentation/piercing tests on SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet are performed. Numerical simulation of this indentation/piercing tests is also realized. It is found that the identified multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model allows for a quite accurate prediction of the experimental piercing tests.(4) In order to evaluate the impact anti-piercing capacity of the SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet, the impact perforation tests using Hopkinson bar are carried out. Numerical simulation of these impact perforation tests are realized with a similar FEM model as the quasi-static case. As the rate sensitivity of SMAT treated AISI304 stainless steel sheet is experimentally characterized with double shear test, a rate sensitive multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model is introduced. The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones, which indicates the effectiveness of the numerical model as well as the rate sensitive multi-layer elastic plastic damageable constitutive model
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ramakrishnan, Ramesh. "Wear mechanisms of rubber tread compounds." 1996. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9619429.

Full text
Abstract:
Rubber tread compounds worn by grinding wheels on a Lambourn abrader exhibited fatigue and cutting wear mechanisms. Fatigue wear occurred on blunt alumina grinding wheels and cutting wear on sharp, faceted silicon carbide grinding wheels. The rubber wear rate in cutting was directly proportional to the normal load and increased with grit sharpness and rubber modulus. Fatigue wear was characterized by the formation of a pattern of ridges, and wear took place by fatigue crack growth at the base of the ridge, eventually rupturing a portion of the ridge. A fatigue wear model reduced the wear rate to the crack growth rate for a calculated tearing energy, which depended on the friction force and the morphology of the rubber-alumina grinding wheel contact. The derived crack growth rate as a function of the calculated tearing energy showed superposition of the wear data from the different alumina grinding wheels. And, the tearing energy exponent for the derived crack growth rate in wear were 14 and 19 for EXXPRO and SBR which are close to 1.6 and 2.6 obtained in tensile FCG for the two compounds, respectively. However, the derived crack growth rate in wear is an order of magnitude smaller than the tensile FCG at the same tearing energy. Analysis of the ridge pattern movement showed that the movement rate was similar to the derived crack growth rate supporting the fatigue wear model but revealed that only 18% of the calculated tearing energy was being used in crack growth, the remainder being dissipated in viscous deformation. The role of viscous deformation as a rate controlling process of wear was flaggested from an activation energy analysis of the Eyring type temperature and stress dependence of wear. The activation energies for fatigue wear were between 25-50 kJ/mol which are in general close to the activation energy for viscous deformation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Liu, Gang-Wei, and 劉剛瑋. "A study of connecting surface-treated aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052 with plastics." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v74tjf.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士
國立臺北科技大學
資源工程研究所
100
A study of fixing plastics to an aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052. First, the aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052 was surface-treated via electropolishing reaction. While the surface roughness of the aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052 was 16.3 mm before electropolishing, the roughness of the electropolished surface was 3.1 nm. We find that the surface morphology was uniform. The aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052 was further surface-treated via anodic treatment. After that, we observed self-organized formation of nanopores arrays in aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052, and the diameters of nanopores were measured 31.8 ± 3.6 nm. The connection between surface-treated aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052 and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was via injection molding. The mechanical properties of bonding plastic on aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052 were studied through both normal tension test and horizontal strength test. The testing result of normal tension test and horizontal strength test are respectively 95.7 ± 3.2 nm and 389.8 ± 7.4 nm. And in order to ensure the practical application in environmental temperature and humidity, the environment test of bonding plastic on aluminum-magnesium alloy 5052 was operated in the temperature between -10 ℃ ~ 70 ℃ and relative humidity remained at 75%. The result shows a slightly reduction mechanical properties after the environmental test.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Plastics Treaty"

1

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. MARPOL Convention, Annex V: Report (to accompany Treaty Doc. 100-3). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection: Report (to accompany Treaty doc. 103-8). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pachurin, German. Technology for studying the destruction of structural materials under different loading conditions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/981296.

Full text
Abstract:
The textbook is devoted to solving topical issues related to the prediction of the effect of plastic deformation on the behavior in various operating conditions of a wide class of metals and alloys. The technology developed by the author for studying the mechanical properties and the process of destruction of plastically treated metal materials under various loading conditions (static at different temperatures, cyclic in air at low, room and elevated temperatures, as well as at room temperature in the presence of a corrosive environment) is described. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. Addressed to bachelors and undergraduates of higher educational institutions of full-time and part-time education in the areas of training 20.03.01 Technosphere safety" (training profile "Safety of technological processes and production"), 22.03.01 and 22.04.01 "Materials Science and Materials Technology", 22.03.02 and 22.04.02 "Metallurgy", 15.03.01 and 15.04.01 "Mechanical Engineering", 15.05.01 "Design of technological machines and complexes", 15.03.02 "Technological machines and equipment", 15.03.04 and 15.04.04 "Automation of technological processes and production", 17.05.02 "Strelkovo-pushechnoe, artillery and rocket weapons", 15.03.05 "Design and technological support of machine-building industries". It can be useful for scientific and engineering workers of enterprises of automotive, aviation, shipbuilding and other metalworking branches of mechanical engineering, laboratory workers, as well as for training specialists in materials science, metal science and metal forming."
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Petrina, Robin. Plastic Canvas Party Pans: 7 Adorable Designs for Serving Festive Treats Year-Round. The Needlecraft Shop, 2004.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Thelen, Kathleen, and James Conran. Institutional Change. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.3.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter traces developments in historical institutionalist approaches to institutional change. Originally, historical (like rational choice and sociological) institutionalism focused on institutions as “independent” variables, favoring a “comparative statics” mode of analysis. Institutions were relatively fixed and unproblematically enforced rules, while change came through periodic “critical junctures.” A dualistic institutional imagery treated institutions as exogenous for some analytical purposes, highly plastic for others. More recently, historical institutionalists have turned their attention to the dynamics of institutional evolution through political contestation and contextual change. This has allowed the identification of previously neglected processes of incremental and endogenous institutional change.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Fancourt, Daisy. Fact file 1: Critical care and emergency medicine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0014.

Full text
Abstract:
Emergency medicine involves the care of patients who require immediate medical attention. The specialty encompasses a broad range of medical disciplines, including anaesthesia, cardiology (a field related to the heart), neurology (a field related to the brain), plastic surgery, orthopaedic surgery (surgery relating to the bones or muscles), and cardiothoracic surgery (surgery relating to the heart, chest, or lungs). There are also a number of subspecialties including extreme environment medicine, disaster medicine and sports medicine. Related to emergency medicine is the specialty of critical care medicine, which is concerned with the care of patients with life-threatening conditions often treated in intensive care settings....
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wilkie, Laurie A., and John M. Chenoweth, eds. A Cultural History of Objects in the Modern Age. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206907.

Full text
Abstract:
A Cultural History of Objects in the Modern Age covers the period 1900 to today, a time marked by massive global changes in production, transportation, and information-sharing in a post-colonial world. New materials and inventions – from plastics to the digital to biotechnology – have created unprecedented scales of disruption, shifting and blurring the categories and meanings of the object. If the 20th Century demonstrated that humans can be treated like things whilst things can become ever more human, where will the 21st Century take us? The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Objects examines how objects have been created, used, interpreted and set loose in the world over the last 2500 years. Over this time, the West has developed particular attitudes to the material world, at the centre of which is the idea of the object. The themes covered in each volume are objecthood; technology; economic objects; everyday objects; art; architecture; bodily objects; object worlds.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cnossen, Sijbren, and Bas Jacobs, eds. Tax by Design for the Netherlands. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855244.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
The Dutch tax system distorts economic decisions, treats equal economic positions unequally, and is extraordinarily complex. Following in the footsteps of the Mirrlees Review, prominent economists from academia and the policy arena, at home and abroad, provide evidence-based independent analyses of the system’s shortcomings, as well as detailed policy reform proposals. The book spans the whole spectrum of taxes on labour and capital income, profits, consumption, wealth, inheritances, and charges to correct for market and individual failures, including the environment. The major proposals for reform include the following. Taxation of all actual rather than presumptive capital income at a uniform flat rate under a Scandinavian type of dual income tax. Reform of the corporation tax to reduce debt bias and profit shifting. Lowering the tax burden on the working poor by increasing the earned income tax credit. Curtailing fossil fuel emissions by imposing a uniform price on all emissions in all sectors of 40–80 euros per tonne of CO2. Solving congestion externalities by pricing road use. Eliminating VAT exemptions, which are highly distortionary, at EU level. And internalizing the external effects of smoking, drinking, gambling, sugar consumption, and the use of plastics in price.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bouchez, Jean-Luc, and Adolphe Nicolas. Principles of Rock Deformation and Tectonics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843876.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
This book, based on laboratory, teaching and field experience, has a strong focus towards hard rocks and magmatic rocks, from both the continental crust worldwide, where quartz and granites are dominant, and the mantle dominated by olivine in peridotites. With more than 250 figures, most of them original, the book develops, in addition to classical structural geology objects, the fundamentals of brittle fracturing of materials, plastic deformation of ice, quartz and olivine, and fabric acquisition in rocks and magmas. Measurement and orientation of stress axes, bases of neotectonics and geophysics, and practical tools such as magnetic fabrics not commonly treated in geological books, are also provided. Emblematic tectonic and geodynamic sites are presented, both from the oceanic and continental crust, for instance the Oman ophiolites, and the India-Eurasia collision and its associated shear zones. Since the targeted readers are present-day young students, a few structural geology exercises are also included in order to improve their abilities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Pollard, Natalie. Poetry, Publishing, and Visual Culture from Late Modernism to the Twenty-first Century. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852605.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
This book examines why it is important to appreciate cultural artefacts such as poems, sculptures, and buildings not as static, perfected objects, but as meshworks of entangled, mutable, and trans-personal forces. Offering six such case studies across the long twentieth century, the book focuses on how poetic works activate closer appreciation of literature’s hybridity. The book analyses how such texts are collaborative, emergent, and between-categories, and shows why this matters. It focuses, first, on how printed poetry is often produced collaboratively, in dialogue with the visual and plastic arts; and second, how it comes about through entangled and emergent agencies. Both have been overlooked in contemporary scholarship. Although this proposal makes some trouble for established disciplinary modes of reception and literary classification, for this reason, it also paves the way for new critical responses. Chiefly, Fugitive Pieces encourages the development of modes of literary critical engagement which acknowledge their uncertainty, vulnerability, and provisionality. Such reading involves encountering poems as co-constituted through materials that have frequently been treated as extra-literary, and in some cases extra-human. Focusing on works by Djuna Barnes, David Jones, F.T. Prince, Ted Hughes, Denise Riley, and Paul Muldoon, Fugitive Pieces fosters closer attention to how literary works operate beyond the boundaries of artistic categorization and agency. It examines the politics of disciplinary criticism, and the tensions between anthropocentric understandings of value and intra-agential collaborative practices. Its purpose is to stimulate much-needed analysis of printed works as combinatorial and hybrid, passing between published versions and artforms, persons and practices.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Plastics Treaty"

1

Wingfield, Susan, and Melisa Lim. "The United Nations Basel Convention’s Global Plastic Waste Partnership: History, Evolution and Progress." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 323–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_10.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe pollution of our marine and terrestrial environment by plastic waste is one of the most pressing global environmental challenges faced today. Developing a circular plastic economy and limiting plastic pollution requires multilevel actions from different stakeholders including oil and petrochemical producers, plastic manufacturers, consumer goods companies, retailers, consumers, waste managers, waste management authorities, plastic recyclers and others. As well as cleaning up the enormous quantities of plastic waste already in our oceans and lakes, there is an urgent need to strengthen countries’ capacities to prevent, minimize and properly manage this waste. The Basel Convention, the most comprehensive global environmental treaty dealing with hazardous and other wastes, offers an important part of the solution. In addition to its provisions aimed at controlling the exports and imports of hazardous wastes and other wastes generated from households and ensuring their environmentally sound management, the Convention also seeks to tackle the problem at its source through prevention and minimization. With the addition of an amendment to the Convention specifically tackling plastic waste, and the establishment of a Plastic Waste Partnership, the Convention is positioned at the forefront in the fight against plastic pollution.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Baroudi, R., and F. R. De Almeida. "Adhesion Stitches to Avoid and to Treat Seroma." In Innovations in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, 457–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46326-9_56.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Brambilla, Massimiliano. "Fat Grafting to Treat Vulvo-Vaginal Stenosis." In Plastic and Aesthetic Regenerative Surgery and Fat Grafting, 1571–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77455-4_107.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Andjelkov, Katarina, and Nikola Music. "Fat Grafting and Fat Embolism. How to Prevent, Diagnose, and Treat." In Plastic and Aesthetic Regenerative Surgery and Fat Grafting, 277–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77455-4_22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Almadori, Aurora, Marzia Salgarello, and Peter E. M. Butler. "Fat Grafting and Adipose Stem Cells to Treat Vulvar Scarring and Fibrosis Post Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)." In Plastic and Aesthetic Regenerative Surgery and Fat Grafting, 1521–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77455-4_103.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Dillekås, Hanna Elisabet. "“Reconstruction of Trouble”." In Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 61–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_5.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis chapter tells the story of how a Norwegian campaign with the noble cause of offering breast reconstruction to breast cancer treated patients, ended up reconstructing trouble both within and outside of this patient group. Some former cancer patients ended up having not only their breast but also their cancer reconstructed. Furthermore, the resource used by the reconstruction campaign also had as a side-effect a certain resurgence of orofacial cleft as a public health issue as the plastic surgeons were instructed to prioritise breast reconstruction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kamarudin, Siti Nur Naqibah, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohd Warid, Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar, Noor Azah Abdul Raman, and Kabiru Usman Rogo. "Effects of Moisture Damage Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Treated Plastic as Additive." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 679–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87379-0_50.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Sun, Kai, Sheng Liu, Wei Li, and Jian Chen. "An Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Model for Cement Treated Soil Based on Super-Subloading Yield Surfaces." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Fundamentals of Soil Behaviours, 74–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0125-4_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zhu, Hongyin, and Xuepu Wang. "Preliminary Experimental Observation on the Acute Rejection of Allotransplantation of the Kidney in Rabbits Treated by Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine." In Recent Advances in Burns and Plastic Surgery — The Chinese Experience, 341–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4900-3_44.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Zhao, Kexin. "Study on deformation characteristics of soft soil subgrade treated by plastic drainage board stacking preloading technology." In Advances in Mineral Resources, Geotechnology and Geological Exploration, 67–78. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003319412-11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Plastics Treaty"

1

Haoran, Chu, Xu Wei, Zheng Bowen, and Ruan Jiasheng. "Engineering Application and Research Progress of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Incineration Technology in China." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93364.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract China Institute for Radiation Protection had independently developed a multi-purpose radioactive waste pyrolysis incineration technology and built 3 incineration facilities in China, which were mainly used to treat solid waste and waste oil from nuclear facilities such as NPPs. The composition of solid waste included paper, cloth, plastic, rubber, etc. In order to solve the problems in the early operation of incineration facilities, targeted improvements had been made in the aspects of equipment anti-corrosion capability, secondary waste generation and system safety. The improved facilities had treated a large amount of low-level waste and operated for more than 15 years. The stability and reliability of the incineration system were verified, and the advancement of pyrolysis incineration technology was proved. Considering the current situation that the proportion of plastics in low-level waste is increasing, the process was optimized so that more plastics and resin can be incinerated. The optimized incineration system still showed good adaptability when the proportion of plastic in the waste composition over 60%. The research on miniaturization and mobile technology of incineration were continuously carried out for the small reactors or small nuclear facilities, so as to further improve the economy. Compared with the incineration facilities, the mobile incineration technology can reduce the floor space by more than 90% and cut the construction cost by more than 75% under the same capacity and meeting the emission requirements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Krishnan, Shutesh, Y. S. Won, and KY Lau. "Treated Lead-frame for Leaded Plastic Molded Package." In 2007 32nd IEEE/CPMT International Electronic Manufacturing Technology Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemt.2007.4417073.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Gotoh, Koji, and Yukinobu Nagata. "Applicability Evaluation of the Weight Function Based Strip Yield Model for an Embedded Crack Problems." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79562.

Full text
Abstract:
Applicability evaluation of the developed weight function based strip yield model for an embedded crack by applying the slice synthesis methodology in elastic-perfect plastic bodies under monotonic uniform loading is performed. Although the weight function based strip yield model for a part-through semi-elliptical surface crack in an elastic-perfect plastic bodies under monotonic uniform loading was proposed by Daniewicz and Aveline (2000), applicable geometries of cracked bodies is limited. Their proposed strip yield model treats only a semi-elliptical surface crack in semi-infinite bodies. Besides, quantitative investigations of the applicability seem to be insufficient. The authors proposed the improved strip yield model with slice synthesis methodology for an embedded crack, which enables to treat the finite boundary problems. By applying proposed model, the back surface effect of the crack opening behaviour and the plastic zone growth can be considered. The validity of improved strip yield model for embedded cracks is confirmed by comparing crack opening profiles under some crack geometries with elastic-plastic finite element analyses.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zhang, Xiaodong, Jianqiao Li, Ruiyang Shi, Meng Zou, Yang Wang, and Hao Li. "The Liquid and Plastic Limit Data Treated System Based on VC++." In 2nd International Symposium on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isccca.2013.17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gustke, K., D. Kupke, R. Drehmann, T. Lampke, J. Gebauer, U. Klotzbach, and A. F. Lasagni. "Low Temperature Soldering of Laser Structured and Metal Coated Fiber Reinforced Plastics." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0569.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Assemblies containing fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) and metal parts are typically fastened together via mechanical joining or adhesive bonding. Mechanical joining processes tend to weaken FRP parts by cutting fibers, while adhesives require long cures and often lead to inseparable material compounds. This paper evaluates a new joining method in which plastic parts are laser treated, then metallized via wire-arc spraying, and finally soldered to mating metal parts using a low-temperature process. Due to the effective increase in interface area resulting from laser structuring, bond strengths of up to 15.5 MPa can be achieved.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Eischen, J. W., and S. W. Reagan. "Elastic Plastic Analysis of Bimaterial Beams With Strain Hardening." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0082.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Considerable attention has been paid to the bimaterial thermostat stress analysis problem as regards applications in microelectronic packaging. When a bimaterial beam is subjected to a temperature change, internal stress is developed that generates curvature. The present paper generalizes previous idealizations whereby a linear elastic material response has been assumed. We treat each of the beam materials as elastic-plastic with a bilinear response. A solution is obtained for the stress and deformation in the bimaterial structure following a “strength of materials” approach. While the solution is imperfect in that the stress free boundary conditions at the ends of the strip are not satisfied exactly, it does capture the overall behavior of the bimaterial beam but for the well-known end effect. Several numerical examples are presented using design data for materials commonly encountered in microelectronics applications.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wan, Nong, You Zhou, Xiangkui Fu, and Xiao Zheng. "Effect of Heat-Treated Microstructure on the Polishing Performance for 3Cr17NiMo Plastic Die Steel." In 2010 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2010.118.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Caddemi, S., and M. Di Paola. "Ideal Elastic-Plastic Oscillators Subjected to Stochastic Input." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8086.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The paper deals with the evaluation of the probabilistic response of an ideal elastic-plastic single degree of freedom oscillator subjected to a normal white noise. The analysis has been conducted on the hypothesis that accumulated plastic displacements are a compound homogeneous Poisson process independent of the external excitation. In this case plastic displacements can be treated as an additional external noise, to be identified, acting on a linear system. In the paper a time domain approach to obtain the two variable non stationary correlation function is proposed. Hence the evolutionary power spectral density function is also obtained. A numerical example is presented in order to show the accuracy of the presented procedure in comparison to Monte Carlo simulations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Im, Seyoung, and Insu Jeon. "Higher Order Singularities and Their Energetics in Elastic-Plastic Fracture." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1252.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The higher order singularities[1] are systematically examined, and discussed are their complementarity relation with the nonsingular eigenfunctions and their relations to the configurational forces like J-integral and M-integral. By use of the so-called two state conservation laws[2] or interaction energy, originally proposed by Eshelby[3] and later treated by Chen and Shield[4], the intensities of the higher order singularities are calculated, and their roles in elastic-plastic fracture are investigated. Numerical examples are presented for illustration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Yamagata, Nobuki, Yuzuru Sakai, and Pedro Marcal. "Elastic-Plastic and Frature Analysis of Mobile Phones Using SPH." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93614.

Full text
Abstract:
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) was invented by Lucy[1], Monaghan and Gingold [2] for gas dynamics problems in astrophysics and extended to treat solid continua in this decade[3]]. The SPH technique uses no underlying grid — it is a pure Lagrangian particle method. The absence of a mesh and the calculation of interactions among particles based on their separation alone that large deformations can be computed without difficulty. It is for this reason that SPH has the potential to be a valuable computational tool. In this paper we have been using the SPH algorithm to compute the structural analysis of the mobile phones without mesh data. Using the visualization software MPAVE the particle distributions for the mobile phone could be easily produced in 3 dimensions and the elastic-plastic analysis and the fracture analysis have been performed effectively. The results show the possibility for practical use of a particle method to 3 dimensional structural analysis of the usual industrial products.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Plastics Treaty"

1

Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Pesis, Edna, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Susan E. Ebeler, and Amnon Lers. Application of Pre-storage Short Anaerobiosis to Alleviate Superficial Scald and Bitter Pit in Granny Smith Apples. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593394.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
There is increased demand for high quality fruit produced and marketed with reduced chemical inputs to minimize toxic effects on human health and the environment. Granny Smith (GS) apple quality is reduced by two major physiological disorders, superficial scald and bitter pit (BP). These disorders cause great loss to apple growers worldwide. Superficial scald is commonly controlled by chemical treatments, mainly the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) and/or the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1–MCP). Both chemicals are ineffective in controlling bitter pit incidence. We proposed to investigate the beneficial use of non-chemical, abiotic stress with low O2 (LO2) applied for 10d at 20°C on GS apple fruit. During the project we expanded the treatment to more apple cultivars, Golden Delicious (GD) and Starking Delicious (SD) and another pome fruit, the pear. Apple and pear have similar physiological disorders that develop during cold storage and we examined if the LO2 treatment would also be effective on pear. Application of 0.5% LO2 atmosphere for 10d at 20°C or 500ppb 1-MCP at 20°C prior to cold storage at 0°C, was effective in reducing superficial scald in GS apple. Moreover, LO2 pretreatment was also effective in reducing bitter pit (BP) development in California GS and Israeli GD and SD apples The BP symptoms in GS from California were much more prominent, so the effect of LO2 was more dramatic than the effect on the Israeli cvs. GD and SD, nevertheless the LO2 treatment showed the same trend in all cultivars in reducing BP. The LO2 and 1-MCP -treated fruit exhibited lower levels of ethylene, - farnesene and its oxidation product, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), as determined by SPME/GC-MS analysis. In addition, LO2 pretreatment applied to California Bartlett or Israeli Spadona pears was effective in reducing superficial scald, senescent scald and internal breakdown after 4 m of cold storage at 0°C. For GS apple, low-temperature storage resulted in oxidative stress and chilling injury, caused by increased production of superoxide anions which in turn led to the generation of other dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and H2O2 measurements of apple peel, we observed ROS accumulation in control fruit, while negligible amounts were found in LO2 and 1-MCP treated fruit. Gene-expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes were induced by the various pretreatments: catalase was induced by LO2 treatment, whereas Mn superoxide dismutase was induced by 1-MCP treatment. We assume that LO2 and 1-MCP pretreated fruit remained healthier due to reduced production of ethylene and reactive oxygen substances, such as MHO, during cold storage. The LO2-treated apple exhibited greener peel and firmer fruit after 6 m of cold storage, and the fruit had high crispiness leading to high taste preference. In both pear cultivars, the LO2 treatment led to a reduction in internal breakdown and browning around the seed cavity. We tested the LO2 pre-storage treatment on a semi-commercial scale that would be applicable to a small organic grower by sealing the fruit within the plastic field bins. The treatment was most effective with a continuous flow of nitrogen through the bins; however, a single 6 hour flush of nitrogen was also fairly effective. In addition, we determined that it was very important to have the oxygen levels below 0.5% for approximately 10 days to achieve good scald control, not counting the time required to reduce the oxygen concentration. Our LO2 technology has been proven in this project to be effective in reducing several physiological disorders developed in pome fruit during cold storage. We hope that our non-chemical treatment which is friendly to the environment will be used in the near future for the organic apple and pear industry. The next step should be an analysis of the cost-benefits and commercial feasibility.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Plastics Treaty' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography