Journal articles: 'Plastics – Toxicology'

1

Glausiusz, Josie. "Toxicology: The plastics puzzle." Nature 508, no. 7496 (April 2014): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/508306a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Brander, Susanne M., Rachel E. Fontana, Tawny M. Mata, Sarah A. Gravem, Annaliese Hettinger, Jessica R. Bean, Amber I. Szoboszlai, Carol A. Keiper, and Meghan E. Marrero. "The Ecotoxicology of Plastic Marine Debris." American Biology Teacher 73, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2011.73.8.9.

Full text

Abstract:

The accumulation of plastic in the oceans is an ever-growing environmental concern. Plastic debris is a choking and entanglement hazard for wildlife; plastics also leach toxic compounds into organisms and ecosystems. Educating students about the marine debris problem introduces fundamental concepts in toxicology, ecology, and oceanography. Students will learn about the toxicity of plastics, collect and analyze data on plastic debris, and put their new knowledge to work by writing a congressional bill that addresses the problem of marine debris.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mikula, P., Z. Svobodová, and M. Smutná. "Phthalates: toxicology and food safety – a review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 23, No. 6 (November 15, 2011): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3394-cjfs.

Full text

Abstract:

Phthalates are organic substances used mainly as plasticisers in the manufacture of plastics. They are ubiquitous in the environment. Although tests in rodents have demonstrated numerous negative effects of phthalates, it is still unclear whether the exposure to phthalates may also damage human health. This paper describes phthalate toxicity and toxicokinetics, explains the mechanisms of phthalate action, and outlines the issues relating to the presence of phthalates in foods.  

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Seo, Chan, Joo Won Lee, Won-Kyo Jung, Yoon-Mi Lee, Seungjun Lee, and Sang Gil Lee. "Examination of Microcystin Adsorption by the Type of Plastic Materials Used during the Procedure of Microcystin Analysis." Toxins 14, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090625.

Full text

Abstract:

The incidence of eutrophication is increasing due to fertilizer abuse and global warming. Eutrophication can induce the proliferation of cyanobacteria such as Microcystis, which produces microcystins. Microcystins are toxic to specific organs such as the liver and the heart. Thus, monitoring of microcystins is strongly required to control drinking water and agricultural product qualities. However, microcystins could be adsorbed by plastic materials during sample storage and preparation, hindering accurate analysis. Therefore, the current study examined the recovery rate of microcystins from six plastics used for containers and eight plastics used for membrane filters. Among the six plastics used for containers, polyethylene terephthalate showed the best recovery rate (≥81.3%) for 48 h. However, polypropylene, polystyrene, and high- and low-density polyethylenes showed significant adsorption after exposure for 1 hr. For membrane materials, regenerated cellulose (≥99.3%) showed the highest recovery rate of microcystins, followed by polyvinylidene fluoride (≥94.1%) and polytetrafluoroethylene (≥95.7%). The adsorption of microcystins appeared to be strongly influenced by various molecular interactions, including hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction. In addition, microcystins’ functional residues seemed to be critical factors affecting their adsorption by plastic materials. The present study demonstrates that polyethylene terephthalate and regenerated cellulose membrane are suitable plastic materials for the analysis of microcystins.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Valentine, Katey L., and Alistair B. A. Boxall. "Interactions Between Plastic, Microbial Biofilms and Gammarus pulex: An Initial Investigation." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 108, no. 4 (January 6, 2022): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-021-03448-5.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that microbial biofilms which form on the surface of marine plastics can increase plastics palatability, making it more attractive to organisms. The same information, however, does not exist for freshwater systems. This study observed the response of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex when exposed to 3 cm-diameter discs of biofilm-covered plastic, both alone and when presented alongside its natural food. G. pulex did not fragment or consume the plastic materials, and the presence of colonised plastic in the immediate environment did not alter the amount of time organisms spent interacting with their natural food. This study provides baseline information for virgin and microbially colonised low-density polyethylene and polylactic acid film. Further studies, with other types of plastic possessing different physical properties and with different microbial biofilm compositions are now required to build further understanding of interactions between plastic, microbial biofilms, and freshwater shredding invertebrates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mosconi, Giacomo, Sara Panseri, Stefano Magni, Renato Malandra, Alfonsina D’Amato, Marina Carini, Luca Chiesa, and Camilla Della Torre. "Plastic Contamination in Seabass and Seabream from Off-Shore Aquaculture Facilities from the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of Xenobiotics 13, no. 4 (October 25, 2023): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jox13040040.

Full text

Abstract:

We characterized the presence of plastics in different organs of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from some off-shore aquaculture facilities of the Mediterranean Sea. Plastics were detected in 38% of analyzed fish. Higher contamination was observed in fish from Turkey and Greece with respect to Italy, without significant differences between the geographical areas. Plastics accumulated mostly in the gastrointestinal tract and, to a lower extent, in the muscle, which represents the edible part of fish. Based on the particle detected, a maximum amount of 0.01 plastic/g wet weight (w.w.) can occur in muscles, suggesting a low input for humans through consumption. A large portion of the particles identified was represented by man-made cellulose-based fibers. The characterization of the polymeric composition suggests that plastics taken up by fish can have land-based and pelagic origins, but plastics can be introduced also from different aquaculture practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Dube, Edith, and Grace Emily Okuthe. "Plastics and Micro/Nano-Plastics (MNPs) in the Environment: Occurrence, Impact, and Toxicity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 6667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20176667.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastics, due to their varied properties, find use in different sectors such as agriculture, packaging, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and construction, to mention a few. Excessive use of plastics results in a lot of plastic waste buildup. Poorly managed plastic waste (as shown by heaps of plastic waste on dumpsites, in free spaces, along roads, and in marine systems) and the plastic in landfills, are just a fraction of the plastic waste in the environment. A complete picture should include the micro and nano-plastics (MNPs) in the hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere, as the current extreme weather conditions (which are effects of climate change), wear and tear, and other factors promote MNP formation. MNPs pose a threat to the environment more than their pristine counterparts. This review highlights the entry and occurrence of primary and secondary MNPs in the soil, water and air, together with their aging. Furthermore, the uptake and internalization, by plants, animals, and humans are discussed, together with their toxicity effects. Finally, the future perspective and conclusion are given. The material utilized in this work was acquired from published articles and the internet using keywords such as plastic waste, degradation, microplastic, aging, internalization, and toxicity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zhang, Haigang, Yilin Hou, Wenjin Zhao, and Hui Na. "Control Strategies of Plastic Biodegradation through Adjusting Additives Ratios Using In Silico Approaches Associated with Proportional Factorial Experimental Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 5670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095670.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastics, as a polymer material, have long been a source of environmental concern. This paper uses polystyrene plastics as the research object, and the relative contribution of each component of plastic additives to plastic degradation is screened using the molecular dynamics method. The factorial experimental design method is combined with molecular dynamics simulation to adjust the additive composition scheme, analyze the mechanism of interaction between the additive components, and select the plastic additive combination that is most readily absorbed and degraded by microorganisms. Seven different types of plastic additives, including plasticizers, antioxidants, light and heat stabilizers, flame retardants, lubricants, and fillers, are chosen as external stimuli affecting the biodegradability of plastics. Using molecular dynamics simulation technology, it is demonstrated that plastic additives can promote the biodegradability of plastics. The factorial experimental design analysis revealed that all plastic additives can promote plastic biodegradation and plasticizer is the most favorable factor affecting plastic degradation, that hydrophobicity interactions are the primary reason for enhancing plastic degradation, and that screening No. 116–45 (plasticizer A, light stabilizer C, flame retardant E) is the most advantageous combination of biodegradable plastic additives. The plastic biodegradation effect regulation scheme proposed in this study is based on optimizing the proportion of additive components. To continue research on aquatic biodegradable plastics, the optimal combination of plastic components that can be absorbed and degraded by microorganisms is recommended.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Shen, Maocai, Biao Song, Guangming Zeng, Yaxin Zhang, Wei Huang, Xiaofeng Wen, and Wangwang Tang. "Are biodegradable plastics a promising solution to solve the global plastic pollution?" Environmental Pollution 263 (August 2020): 114469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114469.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Knill, Charles J., and John F. Kennedy. "Food additive toxicology." Carbohydrate Polymers 31, no. 4 (December 1996): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(97)89842-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Weis, Judith S., and Juan José Alava. "(Micro)Plastics Are Toxic Pollutants." Toxics 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2023): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110935.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastics, including microplastics, have generally been regarded as harmful to organisms because of their physical characteristics. There has recently been a call to understand and regard them as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. This review elaborates on the reasons that microplastics in particular should be considered as “toxic pollutants”. This view is supported by research demonstrating that they contain toxic chemicals within their structure and also adsorb additional chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), from the environment. Furthermore, these chemicals can be released into tissues of animals that consume microplastics and can be responsible for the harmful effects observed on biological processes such as development, physiology, gene expression, and behavior. Leachates, weathering, and biofilm play important roles in the interactions between microplastics and biota. Global policy efforts by the United Nations Environmental Assembly via the international legally binding treaty to address global plastic pollution should consider the designation of harmful plastics (e.g., microplastics) with associated hazardous chemicals as toxic pollutants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Du Preez, Magdi, Daleen Van der Merwe, Louise Wyma, and Susanna Maria Ellis. "Assessing Knowledge and Use Practices of Plastic Food Packaging among Young Adults in South Africa: Concerns about Chemicals and Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 10576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010576.

Full text

Abstract:

Chemicals associated with health problems can migrate from packaging into food matrices. Therefore, consumers need to be aware of health concerns associated with incorrectly used plastic food packaging. However, little is known about consumers’ knowledge and their plastics usage practices. This study assessed this knowledge and practices among young South African adult consumers. Our online survey of 293 participants focused on their objective (actual) and subjective (self-perceived) knowledge about plastic food packaging care and safety, their utilization practices, and their sources of information about safe use of plastics. Participants’ utilization practices showed broad misuse. Their subjective knowledge about the correct use of plastic packaging was in most respects contradicted by their limited objective knowledge. We found that plastic identification codes on packaging largely failed in their informative purpose; instead, participants mainly consulted informal information sources about plastics. The knowledge gaps, unsafe plastic use practices, and information source deficiencies identified here can help to guide future improvements. We call for consumer education, across all demographics, about plastic utilization practices and associated health concerns about plastic chemicals. We also highlight the need for the government, food and plastics industries to join forces in ensuring that consumers are informed about safe plastic packaging usage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Scopetani, Costanza, Tania Martellini, and Diana Campos. "Editorial for the Special Issue “Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: Occurrence, Distribution and Effects”." Toxics 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070407.

Full text

Abstract:

The large production and widespread daily consumption of plastic materials—which began in the last century—together with the often-inadequate collection and recycling systems, have made plastics and, consequently, microplastics (MPs) ubiquitous pollutants [...]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Martinho, Sílvia D., Virgínia Cruz Fernandes, Sónia A. Figueiredo, and Cristina Delerue-Matos. "Microplastic Pollution Focused on Sources, Distribution, Contaminant Interactions, Analytical Methods, and Wastewater Removal Strategies: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095610.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastics have been one of the most useful materials in the world, due to their distinguishing characteristics: light weight, strength, flexibility, and good durability. In recent years, the growing consumption of plastics in industries and domestic applications has revealed a serious problem in plastic waste treatments. Pollution by microplastics has been recognized as a serious threat since it may contaminate all ecosystems, including oceans, terrestrial compartments, and the atmosphere. This micropollutant is spread in all types of environments and is serving as a “minor but efficient” vector for carrier contaminants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The need to deeply study and update the evolution of microplastic sources, toxicology, extraction and analysis, and behavior is imperative. This review presents an actual state of microplastics, addressing their presence in the environment, the toxicological effects and the need to understand their extent, their interactions with toxic pollutants, the problems that arise in the definition of analytical methods, and the possible alternatives of treatments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Li, Daming, Canyao Liu, Yu Shi, Jiaming Song, and Yiliang Zhang. "Trade Flow Optimization Model for Plastic Pollution Reduction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315963.

Full text

Abstract:

Managing plastic waste from an international perspective is complex, with many countries in the trade network playing distinct roles at different stages of the life-cycle of plastics. Trade flows are therefore the key to understanding global plastic market and its supply chains. In this paper, we formulate an optimization problem from the perspective of reducing global ocean plastic pollution, and create a novel framework based on a network flow model to identify the optimal international trade flows over the life-cycle of plastics. Our model quantifies global flows of production, consumption, and trade across the life-cycle of plastics from raw inputs and subsequent plastic products to its final stage as waste. Using panel data on plastic consumption, waste, and production, we compare the trade flows in reality and the optimal trade flows determined by our model and find that the two are highly correlated. We highlight the policy implications based on our model: increasing trade capacity and improving recycle rates in developing countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Lin, Yan-Duan, Ping-Hsiu Huang, Yu-Wei Chen, Chang-Wei Hsieh, You-Lin Tain, Bao-Hong Lee, Chih-Yao Hou, and Ming-Kuei Shih. "Sources, Degradation, Ingestion and Effects of Microplastics on Humans: A Review." Toxics 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090747.

Full text

Abstract:

Celluloid, the predecessor to plastic, was synthesized in 1869, and due to technological advancements, plastic products appear to be ubiquitous in daily life. The massive production, rampant usage, and inadequate disposal of plastic products have led to severe environmental pollution. Consequently, reducing the employment of plastic has emerged as a pressing concern for governments globally. This review explores microplastics, including their origins, absorption, and harmful effects on the environment and humans. Several methods exist for breaking down plastics, including thermal, mechanical, light, catalytic, and biological processes. Despite these methods, microplastics (MPs, between 1 and 5 mm in size) continue to be produced during degradation. Acknowledging the significant threat that MPs pose to the environment and human health is imperative. This form of pollution is pervasive in the air and food and infiltrates our bodies through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. It is essential to assess the potential hazards that MPs can introduce. There is evidence suggesting that MPs may have negative impacts on different areas of human health. These include the respiratory, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems, the liver and organs, the skin, and even the placenta and placental barrier. It is encouraging to see that most of the countries have taken steps to regulate plastic particles. These measures aim to reduce plastic usage, which is essential today. At the same time, this review summarizes the degradation mechanism of plastics, their impact on human health, and plastic reduction policies worldwide. It provides valuable information for future research on MPs and regulatory development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Nguyen, Tuyet T. A., Yen T. Ta, and Prasanta K. Dey. "Developing a plastic cycle toward circular economy practice." Green Processing and Synthesis 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2022-0014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study develops a plastic cycle toward circular economy practice in Vietnam. First, we analyze inter-relationships between economic sectors and environmental issues concerning plastic waste in 2018. The research method integrates interdisciplinary balance with life cycle inventory, in which input–output (IO) table is both an econometric tool and original database to determine plastic IO between industries. As a result, over 60% of plastics after use was recycled for the production process (called recycled plastics) and nearly 40% of plastics after-use left the process (called disposed plastics). Within the recycled plastics, there was 10–15% of informal recycling collection from trade villages; within the disposed plastics, there was 13–18% unable to be collected and uncontrollably disposed to the environment. Then, we construct the plastic cycle, in which all the imported/domestic flows, single/multiple uses, and recycle/disposal flows are represented in proportional dimensions. This overall yet quantitative picture is an important data-driven basis for proposing plastic waste management solutions toward circular economy practice. As analyzed, the most challenge for waste management in Vietnam is to control single-use products (occupied 15.96% of total plastics) and indiscriminate waste in the environment (occupied 20.36% of total plastics). The case study for polyethylene terephthalate shows the need for expanding producer’s responsibilities to improve plastic recovery efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Liu, Zhilin, Tanveer M. Adyel, Zhiyuan Wang, Jun Wu, Jianchao Liu, Lingzhan Miao, and Jun Hou. "Effects of Biofilms on Trace Metal Adsorption on Plastics in Freshwater Systems." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 13752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113752.

Full text

Abstract:

The formation of plastisphere on plastics and their potential impact on freshwater ecosystems have drawn increasing attention. However, there is still limited information about the effects of plastisphere on the heavy metal adsorption capacity and the related mechanism of plastic debris in different freshwaters. Herein, the trace metal adsorption capacity, kinetics and adsorption mechanisms of virgin and biofilm-covered plastic debris were investigated. Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic debris were placed in three freshwaters (Xuanwu Lake, Donghu Lake and the Qinhuai River) for 45 days to incubate biofilms. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to compare the adsorption processes of trace metal on virgin and biofilm-covered plastics. Results showed that biofilms increase the adsorption of metals on plastics, and the adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir model. Furthermore, the adsorption capacities for lead (Pb(II)) were higher than that of cadmium (Cd(II)) and zinc (Zn(II)), with 256.21 and 277.38 μg/g (Pb(II)) adsorbed in biofilm-covered PP and PET, respectively, in Xuanwu Lake. The adsorption kinetics of metals on plastic debris were significantly affected by the biofilms, by switching the intraparticle diffusion for virgin plastic debris to film diffusion for the biofilm-covered plastic debris. Moreover, the complexation of functional groups within the biofilms might mainly contribute to the increases of metal adsorption, involving the participation of oxygen and nitrogen groups. Overall, these results suggested that biofilms reinforce the potential role of plastics as a carrier of trace metals in freshwaters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Trevisan, Rafael, Prabha Ranasinghe, Nishad Jayasundara, and Richard T. Di Giulio. "Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Impacts on Aquatic Species and Interactions with Environmental Factors and Pollutants." Toxics 10, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060326.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastic production began in the early 1900s and it has transformed our way of life. Despite the many advantages of plastics, a massive amount of plastic waste is generated each year, threatening the environment and human health. Because of their pervasiveness and potential for health consequences, small plastic residues produced by the breakdown of larger particles have recently received considerable attention. Plastic particles at the nanometer scale (nanoplastics) are more easily absorbed, ingested, or inhaled and translocated to other tissues and organs than larger particles. Nanoplastics can also be transferred through the food web and between generations, have an influence on cellular function and physiology, and increase infections and disease susceptibility. This review will focus on current research on the toxicity of nanoplastics to aquatic species, taking into account their interactive effects with complex environmental mixtures and multiple stressors. It intends to summarize the cellular and molecular effects of nanoplastics on aquatic species; discuss the carrier effect of nanoplastics in the presence of single or complex environmental pollutants, pathogens, and weathering/aging processes; and include environmental stressors, such as temperature, salinity, pH, organic matter, and food availability, as factors influencing nanoplastic toxicity. Microplastics studies were also included in the discussion when the data with NPs were limited. Finally, this review will address knowledge gaps and critical questions in plastics’ ecotoxicity to contribute to future research in the field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Choudhury, Moharana, Subhrajeet Sahoo, Palas Samanta, Arushi Tiwari, Alavya Tiwari, Utkarsh Chadha, Preetam Bhardwaj, Abhishek Nalluri, Tolera Kuma Eticha, and Arghya Chakravorty. "COVID-19: An Accelerator for Global Plastic Consumption and Its Implications." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (October 7, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1066350.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastic has been ingrained in our society. Repercussions on the usage of nonbiodegradable plastics and their problems have been recently realized. Despite its detrimental environmental impact, the COVID-19 epidemic has compelled worldwide citizens to increase their plastic use due to affordability and availability. The volume of hospital solid waste, particularly plastics, is overgrowing due to an unexpected increase in medical waste, culminating in the global waste management catastrophe. Henceforth, adopting good waste management practices along with appropriate technologies and viewing the current issue from a fresh perspective would be an opportunity in this current scenario. Accordingly, this review study will focus on the plastic waste scenario before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. This review also disseminates alternative disposal options and recommends practical solutions to lessen human reliance on traditional plastics. Further, the responsibilities of various legislative and regulatory authorities at the local, regional, and worldwide levels are addressed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Raza, Syed Hassan, Umer Zaman, Moneeba Iftikhar, and Owais Shafique. "An Experimental Evidence on Eco-Friendly Advertisement Appeals and Intention to Use Bio-Nanomaterial Plastics: Institutional Collectivism and Performance Orientation as Moderators." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020791.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastic waste management has become a serious environmental and health concern owing to large amounts of plastic deposits globally. Recently, innovative and sustainable solutions have been introduced (e.g., bio-nanomaterial plastics) to overcome the growing environmental threats. Hence, green marketers need to develop effective advertising campaigns to enhance the usage of bio-nanomaterial plastics. Past literature has suggested that cultural value-laden advertising appeals can give sustainable behavioral cues to consumers. Hence, this research unfolds the underlying cultural dimensions between the value-laden eco-friendly advertising appeals and intention to use bio-nanomaterial plastics (henceforth IBP). The present study proposes a moderating model in which two dimensions presented in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (henceforth GLOBE) framework interact with the individuals’ perception of eco-friendly advertising appeals (henceforth IPEA) to drive bio-nanomaterial plastics usage. The model was tested by conducting an experimental study on a sample of 364 Pakistani consumers. Findings of structural equation modeling show a significant difference in the relationship between IPEA and IBP, which is moderated by the performance orientation (henceforth PO) and institutional collectivism (henceforth IC) dimensions with diverse intensity. These findings validate the effectiveness of PO and IC (as cultural dimensions) and eco-friendly advertisements that can potentially promote the consumption of bio-nanomaterials plastic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Kombiok, Emmanuel, Kingsley Atta Nyamekye, Rita Adjei, and Leslie Danquah. "Determinants of Unsafe Plastic Waste Disposal among Households in the Tamale Metropolitan Area, Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2021 (October 7, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9974029.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. The global discourse on plastic waste generation and disposal has over the last two decades, gained traction with the aid of research-based evidence. Though observed globally, the situation is quickly deteriorating in developing countries such as Ghana. In Ghana and Africa as a whole, rapidly increasing population and rural to urban migration have been cited as factors that exacerbate the existing struggles with plastic pollution. This study aimed at identifying the determinants of unsafe plastic waste disposal among households. Methods. The study was carried out in three communities in Tamale in the Northern Region of Ghana. Data were collected from 270 randomly selected households through household surveys, key informant interviews, and direct field observations. Results. The study revealed that the majority (63.3%) of the total respondents used and disposed of their plastic waste “unsafely.” The analysis showed that the education level and household wealth were significant determinants of unsafe plastic disposal. Conclusion. The study concludes that challenges of plastic waste management are not limited to economic, technical, and institutional factors, but social factors such as human behavior are key aspects of waste management that need attention. The study, therefore, recommends strict enforcement of sanitation by-laws, promotion of education, and provision of alternatives to plastics that will minimize the need for importing and manufacturing plastics, as potential steps towards addressing unsafe disposal of plastics in the domestic environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Wang, Bairong, Yuhua Zhao, and Yong Li. "How Do Tougher Plastics Ban Policies Modify People’s Usage of Plastic Bags? A Case Study in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 13, 2021): 10718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010718.

Full text

Abstract:

This study analyzes people’s bag usage before and after the introduction of the tougher 2021 plastics ban policies by counting the number of charged carrier bags, inner bags, old plastic bags, and reusable bags used by consumers at the exits of the investigated supermarkets in Shanghai, China. The results indicate positive effects of the tougher 2021 measures by observing significantly decreased usage of charged carrier bags by 46%, and significantly increased usage of old plastic bags and reusable bags by 117% and 36%, respectively. Policy execution loopholes are found in some supermarkets which do not follow the tougher plastics ban measures. Fortunately, the spill-over effects from tougher-measure-executing supermarkets fix this issue to some extent. Additionally, the tougher 2021 measures fail to be the most powerful impacting factor on people’s usage of each type of bag. To produce better plastics reducing results, other bag-targeted measures are necessary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Abbasi, Sajjad. "Routes of human exposure to micro(nano)plastics." Current Opinion in Toxicology 27 (September 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2021.08.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Tang, Tian-le, Yu-yang Zhang, and Ling He. "Toxic effects of micro-plastics on zebrafish embryos." Toxicon 158 (February 2019): S70—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.242.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Fairhurst, Steven. "Interpretation of data submitted under the 6th Amendment: toxicology." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 105, no. 9 (October 22, 2008): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1989.tb01221.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Oliveira, Juliana, Pedro L. Almeida, Rita G. Sobral, Nídia D. Lourenço, and Susana P. Gaudêncio. "Marine-Derived Actinomycetes: Biodegradation of Plastics and Formation of PHA Bioplastics—A Circular Bioeconomy Approach." Marine Drugs 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20120760.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastics are present in the majority of daily-use products worldwide. Due to society’s production and consumption patterns, plastics are accumulating in the environment, causing global pollution issues and intergenerational impacts. Our work aims to contribute to the development of solutions and sustainable methods to mitigate this pressing problem, focusing on the ability of marine-derived actinomycetes to accelerate plastics biodegradation and produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are biodegradable bioplastics. The thin plastic films’ biodegradation was monitored by weight loss, changes in the surface chemical structure (Infra-Red spectroscopy FTIR-ATR), and by mechanical properties (tensile strength tests). Thirty-six marine-derived actinomycete strains were screened for their plastic biodegradability potential. Among these, Streptomyces gougerotti, Micromonospora matsumotoense, and Nocardiopsis prasina revealed ability to degrade plastic films—low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA) in varying conditions, namely upon the addition of yeast extract to the culture media and the use of UV pre-treated thin plastic films. Enhanced biodegradation by these bacteria was observed in both cases. S. gougerotti degraded 0.56% of LDPE films treated with UV radiation and 0.67% of PS films when inoculated with yeast extract. Additionally, N. prasina degraded 1.27% of PLA films when these were treated with UV radiation, and yeast extract was added to the culture medium. The main and most frequent differences observed in FTIR-ATR spectra during biodegradation occurred at 1740 cm−1, indicating the formation of carbonyl groups and an increase in the intensity of the bands, which indicates oxidation. Young Modulus decreased by 30% on average. In addition, S. gougerotti and M. matsumotoense, besides biodegrading conventional plastics (LDPE and PS), were also able to use these as a carbon source to produce degradable PHA bioplastics in a circular economy concept.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Reza, Taskeen, Zahratul Huda Mohamad Riza, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Hassimi Abu Hasan, Nur ‘Izzati Ismail, and Ahmad Razi Othman. "Microplastic Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) by Natural Coagulation: A Literature Review." Toxics 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010012.

Full text

Abstract:

Urban industrialization has caused a ubiquity of microplastics in the environment. A large percentage of plastic waste originated from Southeast Asian countries. Microplastics arising from the primary sources of personal care items and industrial uses and the fragmentation of larger plastics have recently garnered attention due to their ubiquity. Due to the rising level of plastic waste in the environment, the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of plastics threaten aquatic and human life. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are one of the major sources of these plastic fragments. WWTPs in Southeast Asia contribute largely to microplastic pollution in the marine environment, and thus, further technological improvements are required to ensure the complete and efficient removal of microplastics. Coagulation is a significant process in removing microplastics, and natural coagulants are far superior to their chemical equivalents due to their non-toxicity and cost-effectiveness. A focused literature search was conducted on journal repository platforms, mainly ScienceDirect and Elsevier, and on scientific databases such as Google Scholar using the keywords Wastewater Treatment Plant, Coagulation, Microplastics, Marine Environment and Southeast Asia. The contents and results of numerous papers and research articles were reviewed, and the relevant papers were selected. The relevant findings and research data are summarized in this paper. The paper reviews (1) natural coagulants for microplastic removal and their effectiveness in removing microplastics and (2) the potential use of natural coagulants in Southeast Asian wastewater treatment plants as the abundance of natural materials readily available in the region makes it a feasible option for microplastic removal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Babonaitė, Milda, Matas Čepulis, Jūratė Kazlauskaitė, and Juozas Rimantas Lazutka. "Evaluation of In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells." Toxics 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070627.

Full text

Abstract:

According to the trade association PlasticEurope, global plastics production increased to 390.7 million tons in 2021. Unfortunately, the majority of produced plastics eventually end up as waste in the ocean or on land. Since synthetic plastics are not fully biodegradable, they tend to persist in natural environments and transform into micro- and nanoplastic particles due to fragmentation. The presence of nanoplastics in air, water, and food causes ecotoxicological issues and leads to human exposure. One of the main concerns is their genotoxic potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the internalization rates, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The uptake of PS-NPs was confirmed with flow cytometry light scattering analysis. None of the tested nanoparticle concentrations had a cytotoxic effect on human PBMCs, as evaluated by a dual ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining technique. However, an alkaline comet assay results revealed a significant increase in the levels of primary DNA damage after 24 h of exposure to PS-NPs in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, all tested PS-NPs concentrations induced a significant amount of micronucleated cells, as well. The results of this study revealed the genotoxic potential of commercially manufactured polystyrene nanoparticles and highlighted the need for more studies with naturally occurring plastic NPs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Kühn, Susanne, Albert van Oyen, Elisa L. Bravo Rebolledo, Amalie V. Ask, and Jan Andries van Franeker. "Polymer types ingested by northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and southern hemisphere relatives." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 1643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10540-6.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractAlthough ingestion of plastic by tubenosed seabirds has been documented regularly, identification of the polymer composition of these plastics has rarely been described. Polymer assessment may assist in identifying sources and may indicate risks from additives occurring in specific types of polymers. Using known test materials, two identification methods Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and near infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and NIR) were compared. Although both methods were found to be similarly suitable for identification of plastic polymers, a significant difference was observed in identification of natural materials. FTIR frequently misclassified natural materials as being a synthetic polymer. Within our results, an 80% match score threshold functioned best to distinguish between natural items and synthetics. Using NIR, the historical variability of plastics ingested by northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) from the Dutch sector of the North Sea was analysed for three time periods since the 1980s. For the more recent decade, variability between fulmars from different regions in the northeast Atlantic was investigated. Regional variation was further explored by analysing plastics obtained from the stomachs of southern hemisphere relatives of the fulmar (southern fulmar, cape petrel, snow petrel) and Wilson’s storm petrel. Results show that proportional abundance of polymer types in these seabirds is closely related to the plastic categories that they ingest (e.g. pellets, foam, fragments). The uptake of different plastic categories and related polymer types most likely reflects spatial and temporal variations in availability rather than ingestion preferences of the birds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Samova, Sanman, Chirag N. Patel, Hetal Doctor, Himanshu A. Pandya, and R. J. Verma. "The effect of bisphenol A on testicular steroidogenesis and its amelioration by quercetin: anin vivoandin silicoapproach." Toxicology Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tx00161d.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hartzell, G. E. "The Combustion Toxicology of Polyurethane Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics 28, no. 4 (July 1992): 330–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x9202800403.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Bakan, Buket, Nikolina Kalčec, Sijin Liu, Krunoslav Ilić, Yu Qi, Ivona Capjak, Lucija Božičević, Nikolina Peranić, and Ivana Vinković Vrček. "Science-based evidence on pathways and effects of human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 75, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3807.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Human exposure to plastic particles has raised great concern among all relevant stakeholders involved in the protection of human health due to the contamination of the food chain, surface waters, and even drinking water as well as due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. Now more than ever, it is critical that we understand the biological fate of plastics and their interaction with different biological systems. Because of the ubiquity of plastic materials in the environment and their toxic potential, it is imperative to gain reliable, regulatory-relevant, science-based data on the effects of plastic micro- and nanoparticles (PMNPs) on human health in order to implement reliable risk assessment and management strategies in the circular economy of plastics. This review presents current knowledge of human-relevant PMNP exposure doses, pathways, and toxic effects. It addresses difficulties in properly assessing plastic exposure and current knowledge gaps and proposes steps that can be taken to underpin health risk perception, assessment, and mitigation through rigorous science-based evidence. Based on the existing scientific data on PMNP adverse health effects, this review brings recommendations on the development of PMNP-specific adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) following the AOP Users’ Handbook of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Hadjilambrinos, Constantine. "A review of plastics recycling in the USA with policy recommendations." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 4 (December 1996): 298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039151.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryPlastics are the fastest-growing component of municipal solid waste in the USA, and over the past decade there has been increasing public demand for plastics recycling. However, the necessity to separate the various plastic resins to make their recycling possible, combined with the low cost of virgin resins, make this technically difficult and expensive.Most sorting of plastic waste is done manually, and this method has been constrained to the diversion of only one or two types of plastics, because human sorters are incapable of distinguishing different plastics. A number of technologies are being developed in order to address this problem. Use of these technologies requires considerable capital investment and this makes many of them economically unfeasible at present. The federal, state, and local governments in the USA have continued to explore demand-side policy measures in an effort to promote market formation and operation. Where they have been successful, in the establishment of markets for recycled polyethylene terepthalate (PET), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) resins, demand has outpaced supply, highlighting the need to find more effective methods to sort and divert different plastic resins. Even with these supply shortages, and with prices for virgin PET and HDPE at historic highs, however, most plastics recycling remains only marginally profitable. This demonstrates the need for continued policy support for the still-developing plastics recycling industry and recycled-plastics market.An analysis of the factors driving the recycling of PET, HDPE and polypropylene indicates that, as long as manual sorting is used, it would make sense for supply- and demand-side policies to focus on the recycling of particular plastic products that are easy to recognize, rather than resins that are not. Appropriate policies can help make specific products easily recognizable sources of specific resins. Such policies, implemented in conjunction with measures designed to facilitate capital investments and promote the establishment and operation of markets for all resins, are necessary to increase significantly the recycling of plastic waste above present levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Usman, Sunusi, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, Khozirah Shaari, Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai, Mohd Zamri Saad, Nurulfiza Mat Isa, and Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin. "The Burden of Microplastics Pollution and Contending Policies and Regulations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 6773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116773.

Full text

Abstract:

The relationship between humans and plastics has become intricate due to their versatile nature and low production cost. Plastics generation has surpassed that of other manufactured products, which, coupled with the prevailing poor waste management systems, makes it a serious problem for the terrestrial and aquatic environments as its final destination. Their extensive presence has continued to pose a significant threat, not only to the aquatic ecosystem but also to the approximately 3 billion people relying on it for their livelihood. Even more disturbing were the recent findings of these plastics in food and drinking water and the evidence of human exposure, the long-term health effects of which are largely unknown. This ubiquitous phenomenon has over time put plastics under critical observation, leading to the development of many local and international policies, resolutions, and directives aimed at addressing and reversing the menace. This review provided the first snapshot of the global and local governance strategies currently aimed at mitigating plastic pollution, their limitations, and future directions. The findings of the review revealed several aspects of microplastics (MPs) pollution to be overlooked in policy formulation, a laxity in policy implementation, and an apparent lack of indices to ascertain the impact of the regulations. Furthermore, there is currently no regulation on MPs contamination of food and drinking water and an apparent lack of funding for research into the health effects of plastics and their alternatives. This, therefore, necessitates the need for a well-coordinated approach at international and national levels to scale up these policies in all countries and translate them from paper to measurable, holistic, and realizable actions that will address all forms of plastic pollution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Drago, Claudia, and Guntram Weithoff. "Variable Fitness Response of Two Rotifer Species Exposed to Microplastics Particles: The Role of Food Quantity and Quality." Toxics 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2021): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9110305.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastic pollution is an increasing environmental problem, but a comprehensive understanding of its effect in the environment is still missing. The wide variety of size, shape, and polymer composition of plastics impedes an adequate risk assessment. We investigated the effect of differently sized polystyrene beads (1-, 3-, 6-µm; PS) and polyamide fragments (5–25 µm, PA) and non-plastics items such as silica beads (3-µm, SiO2) on the population growth, reproduction (egg ratio), and survival of two common aquatic micro invertebrates: the rotifer species Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus fernandoi. The MPs were combined with food quantity, limiting and saturating food concentration, and with food of different quality. We found variable fitness responses with a significant effect of 3-µm PS on the population growth rate in both rotifer species with respect to food quantity. An interaction between the food quality and the MPs treatments was found in the reproduction of B. calyciflorus. PA and SiO2 beads had no effect on fitness response. This study provides further evidence of the indirect effect of MPs in planktonic rotifers and the importance of testing different environmental conditions that could influence the effect of MPs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Barbir, Jelena, Walter Leal Filho, Amanda Lange Salvia, Maren Theresa Christin Fendt, Rachel Babaganov, Maria Cristina Albertini, Alessandra Bonoli, Maximilian Lackner, and Daniela Müller de Quevedo. "Assessing the Levels of Awareness among European Citizens about the Direct and Indirect Impacts of Plastics on Human Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063116.

Full text

Abstract:

There is an urgent need to assess European citizens’ perspective regarding their plastic consumption and to evaluate their awareness of the direct and indirect effect of plastics on human health in order to influence current behavior trends. In this study, the evaluation has been cross-related with scientific facts, with the final aim of detecting the most recommendable paths in increasing human awareness, reducing plastic consumption, and consequently impacting human health. A statistical analysis of quantitative data, gathered from 1000 European citizens via an online survey in the period from May to June 2020, showed that a general awareness about the direct impact of plastic consumption and contamination (waste) on human health is high in Europe. However, only a few participants (from a higher educational group) were aware of the indirect negative effects that oil extraction and industrial production of plastic can have on human health. This finding calls for improved availability of this information to general public. Despite the participants’ positive attitude toward active plastic reduction (61%), plastic consumption on a daily basis is still very high (86%). The most common current actions toward plastic reduction are plastic bag usage, reusage, or replacement with sustainable alternatives (e.g., textile bags) and selecting products with less plastic packaging. The participants showed important criticism toward the information available to the general public about plastics and health. This awareness is important since significant relation has been found between the available information and the participants’ decisions on the actions they might undertake to reduce plastic consumption. The study clearly showed the willingness of the participants to take action, but they also requested to be strongly supported with joint efforts from government, policies, and marketing, defining it as the most successful way toward implementing these changes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Avinash, G. P., s. Karthick Raja Namasivayam, and R. S. Arvind Bharani. "A critical review on occurrence, distribution, environmental impacts and biodegradation of microplastics." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 5 (September 2, 2023): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/5/mrn-5099.

Full text

Abstract:

Microplastics are small plastic particles (<5mm) linked by hydrocarbon atoms. Microplastics are of two types: primary microplastics, which are inadvertently released into the ecosystem as microbeads, plastic pellets and plastic fibres and secondary microplastics, derived from primary microplastics, when macroplastics get decomposed in the presence of UV light or weathering. Sources of contamination by microplastics can be classified as Terrestrial sources and Aquatic Sources. Microplastics are widespread in diverse ecosystems and are spread in different parts of the world, like India, China, Brazil and Malaysia. Recent studies have revealed the toxic effects of microplastics on various biotic and abiotic components. Microplastics can be completely removed from the soil by microbial biodegradation, most preferably bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi. Bacteria, the recurring group of microbes, can degrade pollutants. Actinobacteria, a commonly occurring Gram-positive bacterium, degrade polymer accumulation. Followed by bacteria, fungi are a major group of microorganisms known to degrade microplastics. The current review deals with the type of plastics, their sources, distribution, environmental impacts and degradation using biological methods, preferably microbes, which would further help in understanding the microplastic-mediated adverse effects' molecular mechanism and their removal from the environment using Green Technology. Key words: Biodegradation, Microbes, Microplastics, Toxicity

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Fu, Yiqi, Mengqi Fan, Liwang Xu, Hui Wang, Qinglian Hu, and Yuanxiang Jin. "Amino-Functionalized Polystyrene Nano-Plastics Induce Mitochondria Damage in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells." Toxics 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10050215.

Full text

Abstract:

As emerging contaminants, nano-plastics have become a major cause for concern for their adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. The nano-sized properties of nano-plastics enable their exposure risks to humans through the food chain or other ways. However, the fate and adverse impact of nano-plastics on the human cardiovascular system are lacking. In this regard, the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line HUVEC was applied as a cell model to investigate the biological effects of noncharged polystyrene nano-plastics (PS NPs) and amino-functionalized nano-plastics (NH2-PS NPs). The positively charged PS NPs exhibited higher cytotoxicity to HUVEC, as evidenced by the decreased cell viability, enhanced ROS generation, and decreased mitochondria membrane potential triggered by NH2-PS NPs. Importantly, RT-PCR analysis revealed that NH2-PS NPs dysregulated the mitochondrial dynamics, replication, and function-related gene expression. This study demonstrated that NH2-PS NPs presented higher risks to endothelial cells than non-charged nano-plastics by interfering with mitochondria, which supported the direct evidence and expanded the potential risks of PS NPs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Fu, Yiqi, Mengqi Fan, Liwang Xu, Hui Wang, Qinglian Hu, and Yuanxiang Jin. "Amino-Functionalized Polystyrene Nano-Plastics Induce Mitochondria Damage in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells." Toxics 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10050215.

Full text

Abstract:

As emerging contaminants, nano-plastics have become a major cause for concern for their adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. The nano-sized properties of nano-plastics enable their exposure risks to humans through the food chain or other ways. However, the fate and adverse impact of nano-plastics on the human cardiovascular system are lacking. In this regard, the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line HUVEC was applied as a cell model to investigate the biological effects of noncharged polystyrene nano-plastics (PS NPs) and amino-functionalized nano-plastics (NH2-PS NPs). The positively charged PS NPs exhibited higher cytotoxicity to HUVEC, as evidenced by the decreased cell viability, enhanced ROS generation, and decreased mitochondria membrane potential triggered by NH2-PS NPs. Importantly, RT-PCR analysis revealed that NH2-PS NPs dysregulated the mitochondrial dynamics, replication, and function-related gene expression. This study demonstrated that NH2-PS NPs presented higher risks to endothelial cells than non-charged nano-plastics by interfering with mitochondria, which supported the direct evidence and expanded the potential risks of PS NPs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Tosti, Antonella, Liliana Guerra, Colombina Vincenzi, and Anna Maria Peluso. "Occupational Skin Hazards from Synthetic Plastics." Toxicology and Industrial Health 9, no. 3 (May 1993): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379300900308.

Full text

Abstract:

Epoxy and acrylic resins have numerous industrial applications but are also widely used in the household environment. These compounds are presently one of the most important sources of occupational contact dermatitis. Contact sensitization to epoxy resins is usually caused by the resin itself but hardeners or other additives, such as reactive diluents, plasticizers, fillers and pigments, can occasionally be responsible. Since completely cured epoxy resins are not sensitizers, epoxy resin sensitization is always due to the presence, in the final polymer, of uncured allergenic low molecular weight oligomers. Acrylates are now considered the fourth most common cause of contact sensitization due to resins. Unpolymerized monomers of acrylic compounds are known to be responsible for the contact allergy. Accelerators, inhibitors and catalysts, which are usually added to the acrylates to promote the polymerization process, can also sensitize. Both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis may be caused by exposure to epoxy or acrylic resins and their additives. Contact urticaria, allergic or irritant airborne contact dermatitis caused by volatile compounds, onychia and paronychia can also occur. From January of 1984 to May of 1992 we detected 39 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin system substances and 11 cases of occupational contact sensitization to acrylic compounds. In our experience, the electronics industry as well as paint and glue related activities were the most important sources of epoxy sensitization. Dental materials and anaerobic sealants were found to be the most frequent acrylate sensitizers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Holton, Conard. "Dissolving Plastics Problem." Environmental Health Perspectives 105, no. 4 (April 1997): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3433334.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Vicente, Diogo, Diogo Neves Proença, and Paula V. Morais. "The Role of Bacterial Polyhydroalkanoate (PHA) in a Sustainable Future: A Review on the Biological Diversity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042959.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental challenges related to the mismanagement of plastic waste became even more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for new solutions regarding the use of plastics came to the forefront again. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have demonstrated their ability to replace conventional plastics, especially in packaging. Its biodegradability and biocompatibility makes this material a sustainable solution. The cost of PHA production and some weak physical properties compared to synthetic polymers remain as the main barriers to its implementation in the industry. The scientific community has been trying to solve these disadvantages associated with PHA. This review seeks to frame the role of PHA and bioplastics as substitutes for conventional plastics for a more sustainable future. It is focused on the bacterial production of PHA, highlighting the current limitations of the production process and, consequently, its implementation in the industry, as well as reviewing the alternatives to turn the production of bioplastics into a sustainable and circular economy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Angnunavuri, Prosper Naah, Francis Attiogbe, and Bismark Mensah. "Particulate plastics in drinking water and potential human health effects: Current knowledge for management of freshwater plastic materials in Africa." Environmental Pollution 316 (January 2023): 120714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120714.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Koelmans, Albert A., Todd Gouin, Richard Thompson, Nancy Wallace, and Courtney Arthur. "Plastics in the marine environment." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 33, no. 1 (December 19, 2013): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2426.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hougaard, Karin S., Harald Hannerz, Helene Feveile, and Jens P. Bonde. "Increased incidence of infertility treatment among women working in the plastics industry." Reproductive Toxicology 27, no. 2 (April 2009): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Li, Mengli, Emma Ivantsova, Xuefang Liang, and Christopher J. Martyniuk. "Neurotoxicity of Benzotriazole Ultraviolet Stabilizers in Teleost Fishes: A Review." Toxics 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2024): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12020125.

Full text

Abstract:

Plastic additives that maintain integrity have been extensively studied for potential toxicity to fish; however, chemicals that protect polymers from (artificial) UV degradation are less studied. Benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVSs) are the most widely used UV stabilizers in plastics and are often used in sunscreens, cosmetics, paint, and food packaging. BUVSs can negatively affect aquatic wildlife when released into the environment via plastic degradation. In this review, we summarize the distribution of BUVSs globally and discuss neurotoxicological endpoints measured in fish to understand how these plastic additives can affect the neurological health of teleost fishes. BUVSs have been detected in aquatic environments at concentrations ranging from 0.05 up to 99,200 ng/L. Studies show that BUVSs affect behavioral responses and acetylcholinesterase activity, indicators of neurotoxicity. Our computational analysis using transcriptome data suggests certain pathways associated with neurodegeneration are responsive to exposure to BUVSs, like “Complement Activation in Alzheimer’s Disease”. Based on our review, we identify some research needs for future investigations: (1) molecular studies in the central nervous system to define precise mechanisms of neurotoxicity; (2) a wider range of tests for assessing aberrant behaviors given that BUVSs can affect the activity of larval zebrafish; and (3) histopathology of the nervous system to accompany biochemical analyses. These data are expected to enhance understanding of the neurotoxicity potential of benzotriazoles and other plastic additives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Hercog, Klara, Alja Štern, Sara Maisanaba, Metka Filipič, and Bojana Žegura. "Plastics in Cyanobacterial Blooms—Genotoxic Effects of Binary Mixtures of Cylindrospermopsin and Bisphenols in HepG2 Cells." Toxins 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040219.

Full text

Abstract:

Ever-expanding environmental pollution is causing a rise in cyanobacterial blooms and the accumulation of plastics in water bodies. Consequently, exposure to mixtures of cyanotoxins and plastic-related contaminants such as bisphenols (BPs) is of increasing concern. The present study describes genotoxic effects induced by co-exposure to one of the emerging cyanotoxins—cylindrospermopsin (CYN)—(0.5 µg/mL) and BPs (bisphenol A (BPA), S (BPS), and F (BPF); (10 µg/mL)) in HepG2 cells after 24 and 72 h of exposure. The cytotoxicity was evaluated with an MTS assay and genotoxicity was assessed through the measurement of the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) with the γH2AX assay. The deregulation of selected genes (xenobiotic metabolic enzyme genes, DNA damage, and oxidative response genes) was assessed using qPCR. The results showed a moderate reduction of cell viability and induction of DSBs after 72 h of exposure to the CYN/BPs mixtures and CYN alone. None of the BPs alone reduced cell viability or induced DSBs. No significant difference was observed between CYN and CYN/BPs exposed cells, except with CYN/BPA, where the antagonistic activity of BPA against CYN was indicated. The deregulation of some of the tested genes (CYP1A1, CDKN1A, GADD45A, and GCLC) was more pronounced after exposure to the CYN/BPs mixtures compared to single compounds, suggesting additive or synergistic action. The present study confirms the importance of co-exposure studies, as our results show pollutant mixtures to induce effects different from those confirmed for single compounds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Ali, Waseem, Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro, Jameel Ahmed Gandahi, Yan Chen, Zain ul Aabdin, Sahar Bhutto, Jian Sun, Jiaqiao Zhu, Zongping Liu, and Hui Zou. "A critical review on male-female reproductive and developmental toxicity induced by micro-plastics and nano-plastics through different signaling pathways." Chemico-Biological Interactions 394 (May 2024): 110976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110976.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Parolini, Marco, Marco Aldo Ortenzi, Carlo Morelli, and Valentina Gianotti. "Emerging use of thermal analysis in the assessment of micro(nano)plastics exposure." Current Opinion in Toxicology 28 (December 2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2021.09.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Plastics – Toxicology'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles