Journal articles: 'Plastics Environmental aspects Australia'

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Sujai, Mahpud. "Mendorong Sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Baru di Indonesia; Belajar dari Pengalaman Australia." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 17, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v17i3.16.

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Significant change of Indonesian economy has lead to the need of people more than just basic need such as food and clothes. Others such as health and education have become a must for Indonesian. Anticipating this condition, government will implement new universal coverage health system in 2014 as mandated by law. This paper has objectives to explore several aspects which contribute or influence to the policy formulation and implementation, particularly in designing new health insurance system in Indonesia and learning from Australian experience and best practice. Methodology used in this paper is both primary research such as in depth interview with some health economist, expert form universities, government researcher as well as observation to the organization that manage health system in Australia and secondary research by doing literature review of health insurance system, benchmarking, compare and contrast the health insurance system in Indonesia and Australia and analyze the best and suitable ones for implemented in the future. There are several interesting findings that can be recommended such as Australian health reform and relationship between public and private health system.

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Mazhandu, Zvanaka S., Edison Muzenda, Tirivaviri A. Mamvura, Mohamed Belaid, and Trust Nhubu. "Integrated and Consolidated Review of Plastic Waste Management and Bio-Based Biodegradable Plastics: Challenges and Opportunities." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 8360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208360.

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Cumulative plastic production worldwide skyrocketed from about 2 million tonnes in 1950 to 8.3 billion tonnes in 2015, with 6.3 billion tonnes (76%) ending up as waste. Of that waste, 79% is either in landfills or the environment. The purpose of the review is to establish the current global status quo in the plastics industry and assess the sustainability of some bio-based biodegradable plastics. This integrative and consolidated review thus builds on previous studies that have focused either on one or a few of the aspects considered in this paper. Three broad items to strongly consider are: Biodegradable plastics and other alternatives are not always environmentally superior to fossil-based plastics; less investment has been made in plastic waste management than in plastics production; and there is no single solution to plastic waste management. Some strategies to push for include: increasing recycling rates, reclaiming plastic waste from the environment, and bans or using alternatives, which can lessen the negative impacts of fossil-based plastics. However, each one has its own challenges, and country-specific scientific evidence is necessary to justify any suggested solutions. In conclusion, governments from all countries and stakeholders should work to strengthen waste management infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries while extended producer responsibility (EPR) and deposit refund schemes (DPRs) are important add-ons to consider in plastic waste management, as they have been found to be effective in Australia, France, Germany, and Ecuador.

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Guillet, James. "Environmental aspects of photodegradable plastics." Macromolecular Symposia 123, no. 1 (September 1997): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19971230121.

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Suh, Jeong-Yul. "Hydrogeochemical aspects in reclaimed area, Sydney, Australia." Geosciences Journal 8, no. 1 (March 2004): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02910279.

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Hickman, William S. "Environmental aspects of textile processing." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 109, no. 1 (October 22, 2008): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1993.tb01499.x.

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Mctainsh, GH, and NC Duhaylungsod. "Aspects of soil particle size analysis in Australia." Soil Research 27, no. 4 (1989): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9890629.

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Analysis of the particle-size characteristics of a soil can provide valuable information on the processes and products of soil formation. Studies of loess soils world-wide have used particle size as a major criterion, however, in Australia the particle-size characteristics of parna (a t y e of loess with a high clay content) have not been measured in detail. A modified method of particle-size analysis is proposed which gives more accurate results and which may contribute to a better understanding of soil formation in general, and loess formation in particular, in Australia.

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Yuan, Jianhua, Jie Ma, Yiran Sun, Tao Zhou, Youcai Zhao, and Fei Yu. "Microbial degradation and other environmental aspects of microplastics/plastics." Science of The Total Environment 715 (May 2020): 136968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136968.

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KACZMAREK, HALINA. "The environmental aspects of polymers." Polimery 42, no. 09 (September 1997): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1997.521.

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Banks, S. A., and B. B. Docker. "Delivering environmental flows in the Murray-Darling Basin (Australia)—legal and governance aspects." Hydrological Sciences Journal 59, no. 3-4 (March 28, 2014): 688–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.825723.

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Gertig, Dorota M., Ashley Fletcher, and John L. Hopper. "Public health aspects of genetic screening for hereditary haemochromatosis in Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 26, no. 6 (December 2002): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2002.tb00360.x.

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Barclay, Kate. "The Social in Assessing for Sustainability. Fisheries in Australia." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 3 (November 5, 2012): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i3.2655.

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The notion that sustainability rests on three pillars – economic, environmental and social – has been widely accepted since the 1990s. In practice, however, the economic and environmental aspects have tended to dominate the sustainability agenda, and social aspects have been sidelined. Two reasons for this are: 1) there is a lack of data collected about which to build meaningful pictures of social aspects of sustainability for populations over time, and 2) there is a lack of recognition of the role of social factors in sustainability, and a related lack of understanding of how to analyse them in conjunction with economic and environmental factors. This paper surveys the literature about sustainability in fisheries, focussing on Australia, and focussing on the way social aspects have been treated. The paper finds that the problems that have been identified for assessing the social in sustainability in general are certainly manifest in fisheries. Management of Australian fisheries has arguably made great improvements to biological sustainability over the last decade, but much remains to be done to generate similar improvements in social sustainability for fishing communities. This is the case for government-run resource management as well as for initiatives from the private sector and conservation organizations as part of movements for corporate social responsibility and ethical consumerism. A significant challenge for improving sustainability in Australian fisheries, therefore, lies in improving data collection on social factors, and in bridging disciplinary divides to better integrate social with economic and biological assessments of sustainability.

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Clancy, K. G., and D. J. Carroll. "Key Issues in Planning Submarine Outfalls for Sydney, Australia." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0151.

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This paper describes three large tunnelled submarine ocean outfalls, planned to safely discharge primary effluent from about two-thirds of the regional population of Sydney, Australia into deep ocean water. Environmental and investigation aspects are dealt with briefly. Interesting aspects of design and construction planning are described. The design includes the handling of special hydraulic problems such as dilution and salt water removal. The construction planning foreshadows the extensive use of tunnelling machines including roadheaders and a full face tunnel boring machine. The offshore engineering describes the design and testing of innovative G R P risers and diffusers, and their intended installation by a semi–submersible drill ship using standard oil field techniques. The cost estimate and program is included.

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Sadras, Víctor O., and David K. Roget. "Production and Environmental Aspects of Cropping Intensification in a Semiarid Environment of Southeastern Australia." Agronomy Journal 96, no. 1 (January 2004): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.2360.

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Bramston, Paul, Grace Pretty, and Charlie Zammit. "Assessing Environmental Stewardship Motivation." Environment and Behavior 43, no. 6 (September 11, 2010): 776–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916510382875.

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Environmental stewardship networks flourish across Australia. Although the environment benefits, this article looks to identify what volunteers draw from their stewardship. The authors adapted 16 questions that purportedly tap environmental stewardship motivation and administered them to a convenience sample of 318 university students and then to 88 people living in rural Australia, who were either active members of environmental groups or voiced concern about local environmental issues. The results suggest that the measure consisting of these questions demonstrates acceptable internal consistency. Factor analyses support three relatively independent aspects of environmental stewardship motivation: (a) developing a sense of belonging, (b) caretaking the environment, and (c) expanding personal learning. Scores on the scale were not strongly correlated with well-being, suggesting that the scale measures more than general feelings of positive affect. Discussion focuses on the benefits of being able to reliably assess environmental stewardship motivation and areas for further development of the scale.

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Toms, Ken N., Ian P. Williamson, and Don M. Grant. "THE CADASTRE AND THE EMERGING LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: SOME ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS." Canadian Surveyor 41, no. 2 (June 1987): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcs-1987-0011.

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A modern cadastre is defined and the relationship with the wider concept of land information system is established. A generalized approach to cadastral and land information systems in Australia is discussed. The experience of administration of cadastre and the emerging land information system in South Australia is examined and a conceptual model aimed at improvement is presented. The paper concludes with a recommendation for the creation of an Office of Land Information that would administer the operation of a complete LIS for South Australia.

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Johnson, T. C., and S. H. Williams. "From Canals to Lakes in South-East Queensland (Australia); Water Quality Aspects." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0061.

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Kitahara, H., R. E. Bailey, and D. S. Gilbert. "Environmental Aspects of Toluene Diisocyanate: Current Status." Journal of Cellular Plastics 27, no. 1 (January 1991): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x91027001149.

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Byrne, K. M., T. Shaw, and J. D. Shepley. "Mothproofing of Wool with Permethrin: Industrial, Environmental and Toxicological Aspects*." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 97, no. 9 (October 22, 2008): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1981.tb03599.x.

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Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof. "Environmental aspects of controlled radical polymerization." Macromolecular Symposia 152, no. 1 (March 2000): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3900(200003)152:1<29::aid-masy29>3.0.co;2-c.

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Davidson, B. R. "Historical aspects of irrigation agriculture and river regulation in the Murraay-Darling Basin, Australia." Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 2, no. 2 (April 1988): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450020207.

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Abdo, Linda, Sandy Griffin, and Annabeth Kemp. "Apples for Oranges: Disparities in Offset Legislation and Policy among Jurisdictions and its Implications for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Australia." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v8i1.14081.

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As a signatory to Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (including the Sustainable Development Goals) and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Australia has an international obligation to ensure sustainable development. Biodiversity offsets are one tool used by Australian regulators to allow development to continue, whilst ensuring international obligations for sustainable development are met. In this study, legislation, policy and published guidelines for the Australian Commonwealth, states and territories were analysed to determine if the application of biodiversity offsets was consistent with the principles of sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) and if the allowance of biodiversity offsets in different jurisdictions created gaps in biodiversity and environmental protection across Australia. Regulation of biodiversity offsets was found to be inconsistent between the Commonwealth and the states and territories, with most jurisdictions having less than 50% similarity. This inconsistency in offset policy and legislation between jurisdictions could lead to loss of biodiversity. Additionally, jurisdictions did not adequately consider the social and economic aspects of sustainability in relation to biodiversity offsets, meaning that, through the allowance of biodiversity offsets, Australia may not be meeting their international obligations related to sustainable development. Further legislative development for biodiversity offsets is required in Australia to improve environmental protection and to adequately consider all aspects of sustainability. The Council of Australian Governments is a mechanism that could be used to ensure all jurisdictions consider the aspects of sustainability consistently in relation to biodiversity offsets.

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Scott, B., P. G. Ranjtih, S. K. Choi, and Manoj Khandelwal. "Geological and geotechnical aspects of underground coal mining methods within Australia." Environmental Earth Sciences 60, no. 5 (August 5, 2009): 1007–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0239-6.

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Chan, D. J., and D. L. Bradford. "A sexual health strategy for Australia — time for action." Sexual Health 1, no. 4 (2004): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh04008.

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Australia still does not have a national sexual health strategy. Sexually transmissible infections such as chlamydia continue to plague the community, and the incidence of HIV is increasing. But a cohesive sexual health strategy cannot merely be disease-focussed, it must include the broader social and cultural aspects of sexual behaviour and sexuality. We propose a public health framework for the development of a national sexual health strategy that will bring Australia in line with the United Kingdom and New Zealand.

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PFUELLER, SHARRON L. "Role of bioregionalism in Bookmark Biosphere Reserve, Australia." Environmental Conservation 35, no. 2 (June 2008): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892908004839.

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SUMMARYBioregionalism claims that interaction between the biophysical and human components of a region generates place-based environmental and social understanding and concern, which lead to locally shared power and responsibility in cooperative land management and governance. The Man and the Biosphere Programme's Seville Strategy calls for local community participation in a multi-stakeholder ecosystem-based approach to conservation, but it is unclear if tenets of bioregionalism play a role in its implementation. Bookmark Biosphere Reserve (BBR) in Australia has substantially succeeded in scientific research and monitoring, conservation, environmental education and sustainable land-use initiatives. Aspects of bioregionalism (for example recognition of the region's unique identity, local community sense of responsibility, integration of local knowledge, presence of motivated local leaders and cooperative community-based management through a network of groups) have contributed to success. Other crucial factors were funding, technical and scientific information and support from government agencies, leadership from members of state and federal government and from private philanthropic foundations, community capacity-building for sustainable land management and availability of volunteers from outside the region. Nevertheless, conflict arose in relation to governance, originating from the recognized difficulties of reconciling a diversity of allegiances, motivations, management styles and personalities, and resulted in division of BBR into two, one section being managed largely through the private sector and community volunteers, the other (renamed Riverland Biosphere Reserve) coordinated by a committee with more diverse affiliations. Bioregionalism can play a role in biosphere reserves but motivations and resources of external public and private organizations are also vital. Avoiding weaknesses of bioregional approaches requires greater attention to social aspects of environmental management. Governance structures and processes need to be inclusive, flexible and equitable in decision making and access to funds. They should support both agency and community-initiated activities and include conflict resolution mechanisms.

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Winstanley, Margaret H., and Stephen D. Woodward. "Tobacco in Australia—An Overview." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200318.

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Tobacco smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disease in Australia, and the major cause of drug death. Under a third of adults smoke, male rates having declined significantly following the Second World War. The publication of international reports during the 1960s causally linking tobacco with death and disease stimulated action by Australian health professionals, although governments remained unresponsive. In the 1970s, advertising bans in the broadcast media were introduced, but quickly circumvented by the tobacco companies through sport sponsorships. However, the 1980s brought increased public awareness about health issues, and legislation concerning advertising restrictions and other aspects of tobacco control. Importantly, unequivocal evidence about the effects of passive smoking also become available in this decade, signalling a battle between public health interests and the tobacco industry, which the industry can now be said to have lost. Although consumption and disease rates are falling, priority areas for action still remain.

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Battilani, P., A. Gualla, C. Dall'Asta, C. Pellacani, G. Galaverna, P. Giorni, A. Caglieri, et al. "Phomopsins: an overview of phytopathological and chemical aspects, toxicity, analysis and occurrence." World Mycotoxin Journal 4, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2011.1302.

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Phomopsis leptostromiformis, and its teleomorph Diaporthe toxica, is a lupin pathogen that causes stem blight in young lupins and, as a saprophyte, has been detected on dead lupine material. Under favourable conditions, the fungus produces phomopsins (PHOs), a family of macrocyclic hexapeptide mycotoxins capable of binding tubulin through the tripeptide side chain. The toxic effects appear largely confined to the liver. In particular, the ingestion of PHO contaminated lupin stubble has been linked to lupinosis, a debilitating disease of sheep (the most sensitive animal) characterised by disorientation, blindness, lethargy, and eventually death. The chemical structures of PHO A, B and D have been identified. Analytical methods to determine PHOs are mainly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or chromatographic separations, in combination with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection. The data about the PHOs occurrence are limited to Australia, restricted to lupin seed. Only one survey has been carried out on lupin seeds and flours from the Swiss market. Not many strategies have been developed to limit lupin seed contamination. Efforts devoted to control lupinosis in Australia focused on the development of cultivars resistant to Phomopsis infection. There are few examples in literature of decontamination or detoxification of PHOs; moreover, they have been shown to be resistant to extensive processing, including cooking. Australia and New Zealand are the only countries that included PHOs in their mycotoxin regulations, with a limit of 5 µg/kg in lupin seeds and derived products. Phomopsins are poorly studied mycotoxins and risk assessment on PHOs has not been done at the European level. The collection of all available scientific data was requested by EFSA in a specific project and partners involved considered it of general interest preparing this review to highlight the limited available information, which indicate that the assessment of potential risk related to PHOs is currently not feasible.

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Buława, Piotr, Bartłomiej Buława, and Maciej Borsa. "Environmental Personhood as a Landscape Planning Tool." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 19, no. 3 (August 26, 2022): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-19030003.

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Abstract In the face of increasing human impact on the environment, it is necessary to look for new tools for sustainable landscape planning. One of them may be the institution of environmental personhood. The conducted studies based on an analysis of legal texts show that environmental personhood has evolved into a more complex institution. Increasing emphasis is placed on the intangible, cultural, and even spiritual aspects of granting legal personality to natural objects. The first implementations of environmental personhood in Ecuador, Bolivia, Australia, and India did not concern landscape, but the other cases in Colombia, New Zealand, and Canada did and have features typical of a landscape planning tool.

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Ramirez, Mariano. "Sustainability in the education of industrial designers: the case for Australia." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14676370610655959.

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PurposeThe paper intends to determine the extent to which environmental sustainability issues are integrated in the curricula of industrial design programs in Australian universities.Design/methodology/approachIndustrial design lecturers and program heads were invited to participate in a web‐based survey on their university's industrial design curricula. Online university handbooks were also examined to determine which courses cover sustainability aspects. Survey results were then tabulated and analysed using descriptive statistics.FindingsThe study shows that, while there is a concern that sustainable development issues are important and relevant to design courses, the permeation of environmental sensitivity through most industrial design curricula, and indeed among design academics, is only starting to gain ground. Comparative examination of the curricular structures in Australian universities offering degree programs in industrial and product design revealed that, on average, 12 out of every 100 credit points earned have sustainability content.Practical implicationsThe paper informs industrial design academics that much more work has to be done in order to educate the next generation of designers about their responsibilities to the planet and its people. It tells them where we currently are and the gaps that we have to bridge in order to achieve environmental sustainability.Originality/valueThe paper is original in the field of Australian industrial design education, and builds on work in other disciplines about incorporating sustainability aspects in tertiary education.

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Storozhuk, V. M., B. Y. Kshyvetskyy, O. M. Mayevska, H. V. Somar, I. A. Sokolovskyi, and A. V. Melnikov. "Main aspects of environmental protection from urban noise." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 96 (December 2, 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9615.

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The main sources of noise pollution in modern cities, that generate significant levels of sound pressure, which significantly, sometimes at times exceed permissible noise levels have been identified. The consequences of the negative impact of noise of the urban environment on the human body, fauna and flora are described. The sanitary-hygienic, engineering-technical, architectural-planning, construction-acoustic and economic-social aspects of scientific researches concerning protection of the environment from noise pollution are singled out. The main methods and ways to reduce urban noise are described, among which are: reducing the sound power level of existing equipment and vehicles, or replacing them with less noisy ones, and during design-taking measures to minimize noise emissions from machines; carrying out timely cleaning, adjustment, repair of machines, mechanisms and equipment, restriction or complete prohibition of noisy works and operation of the most intensive noise sources at night; rational orientation of the noise source or place of noise radiation, taking into account the direction indicator; placement of noise sources and objects of protection – at the maximum possible distance from each other; the use of building structures with improved sound insulation, the use of sound-absorbing materials for lining the enclosing structures of buildings and structures; zoning of sources and objects of protection, application of territorial gaps, noise protection buildings, acoustic screens and strips of greenery. It was found that the maximum possible impact on noise pollution of modern cities and surrounding areas can be achieved in the case of integrated application of methods, means of protection against acoustic blocking of the duration, direction and use of noise emissions in its sources and through noise level on the way to its spread, as well as through the implementation of appropriate organizational and technical measures.

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Qian, Wei. "Legitimacy or good governance: What drives carbon performance in Australia." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 3 (2013): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i3art4.

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Previous studies present diverse views on carbon performance. The legitimacy perspective posits that external forces from a wide range of stakeholders drives environmental performance change, while the governance perspective posits that strong internal governance structure leads to performance improvement. This study empirically examines the validity of these different perspectives. Using data released by top polluting companies included in the Australian National Greenhouse and Energy Reports (NGER), the study finds that better governance structures are significantly associated with higher carbon performance, but there is no significant relationship between external carbon disclosure and carbon performance. The results suggest that future policy needs to focus more on ensuring strong corporate governance system and encouraging the integration of environmental aspects into governance agenda.

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Ohr, Se Ok, Vicki Parker, Sarah Jeong, and Terry Joyce. "Migration of nurses in Australia: where and why?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, no. 1 (2010): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py09051.

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The Australian health care workforce has benefited from an increasing migration of nurses over the past decades. The nursing profession is the largest single health profession, making up over half of the Australian health care workforce. Migration of nurses into the Australian nursing workforce impacts significantly on the size of the workforce and the capacity to provide health care to the Australian multicultural community. Migration of nurses plays an important role in providing a solution to the ongoing challenges of workforce attraction and retention, hence an understanding of the factors contributing to nurse migration is important. This paper will critically analyse factors reported to impact on migration of nurses to Australia, in particular in relation to: (1) globalisation; (2) Australian society and nursing workforce; and (3) personal reasons. The current and potential implications of nurse migration are not limited to the Australian health care workforce, but also extend to political, socioeconomic and other aspects in Australia.

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Lattimore, MAE. "Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940959.

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Legume-based pastures have long been an integral part of rice growing in the southern New South Wales irrigation areas and still offer potential to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the temperate rice-cropping system.This paper reviews both historical and current aspects of pastures in temperate rice rotations in southern New South Wales and highlights the importance of pastures in sustaining this cropping system as environmental pressures increase. Topics discussed include pasture species and rotations, their role in improving soil fertility and sustainability, the value of pastures in weed control, and their management for maximum profitability.

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Ong, Tricia, Terri Trireksani, and Hadrian Geri Djajadikerta. "Hard and soft sustainability disclosures: Australia’s resources industry." Accounting Research Journal 29, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 198–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-03-2015-0030.

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Purpose Although studies in corporate sustainability have been vastly growing, there has been an increasing demand for more industry-specific sustainability reporting studies to develop a greater understanding of industry differences in sustainability reporting practice. This study aims to measure the quality of sustainability disclosures in the current leading environmentally sensitive industry in Australia – the resources industry. Design/methodology/approach A scoring index was developed to measure economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainability by integrating the fundamental principles of the hard and soft disclosure items from Clarkson et al.’s (2008) environmental index into the social and economic aspects of the Global Reporting Initiative framework. Subsequently, the index was used to assess sustainability disclosures in the annual and sustainability reports of resources companies in Australia. Findings The main findings show that companies report more of soft disclosure items than the hard ones. It is also found that companies report most sustainability information in the economic aspect rather than the social and the environmental aspects of sustainability. Most companies disclose sustainability information in their annual reports with few companies producing stand-alone sustainability reports. Originality/value This study addresses the need for more industry-specific sustainability studies by focusing on Australia’s resources industry. It also contributes to the lack of an existing tool to measure disclosures based on companies’ true contributions to sustainability by developing a new scoring index for hard and soft sustainability disclosures, which includes all three aspects of sustainability (i.e. economic, environmental and social).

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Howard, N. H. "Recreational Use Considerations of the Sugarloaf Reservoir (Melbourne, Australia)." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0059.

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Sugarloaf Reservoir, one of Melbourne's newer storages, draws an increasing proportion of its water from the unprotected and polluted lower Yarra requiring all supply to be comprehensively treated before being supplied to consumers. Because of this special situation, compared to harvesting from protected catchments, a recreational use study of the reservoir and its small natural catchment was initiated. The first phase of this study was undertaken by Dr J Forsyth of the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, University of Melbourne which recommended that, from the public health point of view, the present nominal recreational use (passive) at Sugarloaf Reservoir could be extended to include shore based fishing, establishment of a catchment nature trail, sailing, rowing, youth club and model yacht sailing. A Phase 2 study reported on the financial, managerial aspects, etc, not addressed by Dr Forsyth, while the “implementation stage” is being currently considered in a third phase. A report on this last phase is to be submitted to the Board and Minister for Water Resources for consideration for the summer of 1988.

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Wright, W. J. "The low latitude influence on winter rainfall in Victoria, south-eastern Australia-I. Climatological aspects." Journal of Climatology 8, no. 5 (September 1988): 437–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370080502.

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Cruz, Rui M. S., Victoria Krauter, Simon Krauter, Sofia Agriopoulou, Ramona Weinrich, Carsten Herbes, Philip B. V. Scholten, et al. "Bioplastics for Food Packaging: Environmental Impact, Trends and Regulatory Aspects." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193087.

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The demand to develop and produce eco-friendly alternatives for food packaging is increasing. The huge negative impact that the disposal of so-called “single-use plastics” has on the environment is propelling the market to search for new solutions, and requires initiatives to drive faster responses from the scientific community, the industry, and governmental bodies for the adoption and implementation of new materials. Bioplastics are an alternative group of materials that are partly or entirely produced from renewable sources. Some bioplastics are biodegradable or even compostable under the right conditions. This review presents the different properties of these materials, mechanisms of biodegradation, and their environmental impact, but also presents a holistic overview of the most important bioplastics available in the market and their potential application for food packaging, consumer perception of the bioplastics, regulatory aspects, and future challenges.

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Nixon, Cynthia, Claire Konkes, Libby Lester, and Kathleen Williams. "Mediated Visibility and Public Environmental Litigation: The Interplay between Inside and Outside Court during Environmental Conflict in Australia." Laws 10, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10020035.

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Conflicts over environmental sustainability are increasingly being fought in court, such as the use of Public Environmental Litigation (PEL) to challenge developments impacting the environment in Australia and elsewhere. News media coverage of PEL introduces legal actors to the dynamics of mediatized environmental conflict, which provides a platform for conflict actors to gain mediated visibility for their cause to influence public debate. When legal opportunities, such as PEL, are used as a campaign tactic, the dynamics of contest are exposed and, while courts have some power over legal actors, parties seek news media to favorably translate legal outcomes to the public. This article explores the nexus of PEL, news media, and communication strategies to find greater understanding of who gains from the mediated visibility that occurs when transnational environmental campaigns take their claims to court. Using content analysis and discourse analysis of news texts and semi-structured interviews relating to eight PEL cases instigated to stop the Adani Carmichael coal megamine in Australia, we seek better understanding of the mechanisms at play when PEL campaigns appear in news media, and find that the dominance of outside court sources in news coverage not only privilege the political aspects of PEL over the legal, but highlights how strategic litigation, such as PEL, can be used to influence public opinion and, therefore, a political response, regarding environmental conflict.

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Severini, Febo, Raffaele Gallo, and Salvatore Ipsale. "Some aspects of the environmental photo-degradation of LDPE." Polymer Degradation and Stability 22, no. 1 (January 1988): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(88)90056-0.

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Zawistowski, Jerzy, and Peter Jones. "Regulatory Aspects Related to Plant Sterol and Stanol Supplemented Foods." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.sgezawistowski.

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Abstract This chapter reviews regulatory frameworks for plant sterol containing functional foods in various jurisdictions including Europe, North America, South America, Asia and, Australia/New Zealand. Included is a discussion on approval of plant sterols as novel food ingredients in some countries, as well as details on the type of health claims permitted in the marketing and sale of foods enriched with plant sterols within each jurisdiction. Based on the abundance of clinical trial data, many countries around the world have now approved the use of claims relating the cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols, further attesting to their value as functional food ingredients.

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Smith, Phil, Grahame Collier, and Hazel Storey. "As Aussie as Vegemite: Building the Capacity of Sustainability Educators in Australia." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 27, no. 1 (2011): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000161.

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AbstractVegemite, a thick, rich and salty product made from yeast extract, is a paste commonly spread on bread or toast in Australian households. This iconic product mirrors some of the unique aspects of this country. For example, Vegemite thinly spread is best. The population of this country is sparse across the wide lands, and the Australian environment with its thin soils, water shortages and intense climates, might also be described as spread thin. These aspects of context present challenges because Australia needs quality sustainability educators thick on the ground to deal with the many and diverse environmental issues.This paper describes the development of the Australian National Professional Development Initiative for Sustainability Educators (NPDISE) and how it was infuenced by the Australian context. Multiple challenges existed: the size of the country, its environmental conditions and rich biodiversity, distance and space between major centres, distribution of people and resources, understanding of and support for education, and three tiers of government – each with its own policies, programs and priorities. On top of this, the practice of sustainability education crosses multiple professional sectors and disciplines. All these challenges had to be taken into account.Research conducted by the Waste Management Association Australia in 2009 revealed that the needs of Australia's sustainability educators in overcoming many of these challenges were broadly consistent around Australia. This gave encouragement to the establishment of a national professional development approach for those working in the environmental education feld. This paper shows how four professional associations – Australian Association for Environmental Education, Waste Management Association Australia, Australian Water Association, and the Marine Education Society of Australasia – worked together for the frst time and approached these challenges whilst developing the NPDISE. A 1954 jingle said Vegemite would help children “grow stronger every single week”. The NPDISE represents a similar ethos with an emphasis on building the sector.

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Tran, Dai Binh, and Hanh Thi My Tran. "Women’s health: a benefit of education in Australia." Health Education 119, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-11-2018-0053.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between education and health amongst Australian women. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia data set. Spouse’s education is employed as an instrument to solve the potential endogeneity of educational attainment. Findings The results indicate that an additional year of schooling can lead to an increase in self-reported health, physical health, mental health and a reduced likelihood of having long-term health conditions. Women who are not in the labour force are likely to enjoy higher benefits of education compared to their employed counterparts. The findings also suggest that the relationship between education and health can be explained by the extent of positive health behaviours and social capital as mediators. Research limitations/implications The conclusion from the results might be different in the case of men, reducing the generalisability of the results. Several objective health variables should be used to provide further aspects of health on which education has an impact. Practical implications As the positive effect of education on women’s health is empirically found, investment in women’s education should be seriously considered and reevaluated. Originality/value This paper focuses on Australian women which not only reduces the heterogeneity between genders but also adds to the rare number of studies on this topic in Australia. This paper also employs a formal mediation analysis to examine what are the mechanisms explaining the relationship between education and health.

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Giles-Corti, Billie, Sally Macintyre, Johanna P. Clarkson, Terro Pikora, and Robert J. Donovan. "Environmental and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Perth, Australia." American Journal of Health Promotion 18, no. 1 (September 2003): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-18.1.93.

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Purpose. To examine associations between environmental and lifestyle factors and overweight or obesity. Design. A cross-sectional survey and an environmental scan of recreational facilities. Setting. Metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Subjects. Healthy sedentary workers and homemakers aged 18 to 59 years (n = 1803) living in areas within the top and bottom quintiles of social disadvantage. Measures. Four lifestyle factors, one social environmental factor, and five physical environment factors (three objectively measured). Results. After adjustment for demographic factors and other variables in the model, overweight was associated with living on a highway (odds ratio [OR], 4.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62–11.09) or streets with no sidewalks or sidewalks on one side only (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03–1.78) and perceiving no paths within walking distance (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.08–1.86). Poor access to four or more recreational facilities (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.11–2.55) and sidewalks (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, .98–2.68) and perceiving no shop within walking distance (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.01–3.36) were associated with obesity. Conversely, access to a motor vehicle all the time was negatively associated with obesity (OR, .56; 95% CI, .32–.99). Watching 3 or more hours of television daily (ORs, 1.92 and 1.85, respectively) and rating oneself as less active than others (ORs, 1.66 and 4.05, respectively) were associated with both overweight and obesity. After adjustment for individual demographic factors and all other variables in the model, socioeconomic status of area of residence and leisure-time physical activity were not associated with overweight or obesity. Conclusion. Factors that influence overweight and obesity appear to differ, but aspects of the physical environment may be important. Objectively measured neighborhood environment factors warrant further investigation.

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Gromakina, E. V., N. V. Tyunina, E. D. Egorova, and E. A. Sozurakova. "Pathogenetic aspects of cataract in comorbid conditions." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2022-5-65-68.

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Relevance. Research by ophthalmologists, biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists have shown the significance of xeno- and endobiotic effects on the induction of cataracts and other degenerative diseases of the structures and membranes of the eye. Objective research goal was an evaluation of comorbid background in people of different ages with a diagnosis of senile cataract. Material and methods an analysis of the case histories of 173 patients of an independent sample with a diagnosis of "senile cataract" admitted for planned inpatient surgical treatment was carried out. The evaluation was carried out by decades of human life: younger than 40 years old, 41–50 years old, 51–60 years old, 61–70 years old, 71–80 years old and over 80 years old. The Charlson method was used to calculate the comorbidity index. Results patients who had senile cataract and concomitant somatic diseases, the most frequent- diseases of the cardiovascular system – 129 (74.6 %); violation of carbohydrate metabolism – 35 (20.2 %); diseases of the central nervous system – 33 (19.1 %); musculoskeletal system – 30 (17.3 %); diseases of the respiratory system – 19 (11.0 %). Conclusions. 1. A human's age of 51–60 years should be considered critical for the occurrence of senile cataract. 2. In the decade of life 51–60 years, there is an increase in persons with senile cataract by 3.3 and the frequency of concomitant somatic pathology (according to the index of comorbidity) by 2.25. Keywords: senile cataract, age, somatic diseases, index of comorbidity

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Osipova, N. G. "Social aspects of main religious doctrines: Buddhism." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 27, no. 3 (October 4, 2021): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2021-27-3-105-128.

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The article examines in detail the problems associated with the development of Buddhism, which introduced a personal aspect to religion and embodied the idea of the need for compassion for all living beings. A special place is occupied by the analysis of the moral and social component of this religion. Buddhism is seen as a protest movement that originated in India and is directed against the frozen hierarchy, mechanical ritualism and greed of the Brahmins. This religion challenged the Brahmin hierarchy, appealing primarily to warriors, kings, and the mass of the free population. The Buddhist community was a brotherhood of mendicant monks who did not perform any rituals, but only showed people the way to salvation by the example of their lives. Buddhism is also one of the radical reformist teachings, not only intellectually, but also socially. He called people, first of all, to inner perfection, the last stage of which can be achieved only through kindness and benevolence to all living beings. The central point of this article is devoted to the debate about the reality of the Buddha’s existence, his teaching and the transformations of this teaching. A significant place is given to the description of the way of life of Buddhist monks, the relationship within the Buddhist community and with the laity. The reasons for the attractiveness of Buddhism and its easy adaptability to other religious doctrines are substantiated. The possibilities of transformation of Buddhism, including within the framework of syncretic creeds, as well as in the activities of totalitarian and pseudo-religious sects, are shown. Examples of the politicization of this religion and its inclusion in the activities of fundamentalist organizations are given.

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Lewis, Jenny. "Policy and profession: Elite perspectives on redefining general practice in Australia and England." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 7, no. 1_suppl (July 2002): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135581902320176313.

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Objectives To understand how general (family) practice is being redefined and is redefining itself, from the perspective of policy elites, and to build an analytical framework. Methods Politicians, senior bureaucrats and executives of professional organisations were interviewed (1998-2000) about the impact of general practice reforms on the profession. The information gathered was thematically coded and used to advance an understanding of profession from an elite perspective. Results Four main aspects of profession were discussed by interviewees. These were cultural authority, profession&s authority, social authority and professional autonomy. The elites interviewed reported a potential challenge to the cultural authority of general practice in both countries through moves to redefine it as something broader. The profession&s authority was seen as having shifted, especially in Australia where new forms of representation for the profession have been established. Medicine was viewed variously as having its social authority challenged, maintained, or extended in the granting of expertise in health, and professional autonomy was regarded as having been restructured through policy change. Conclusions Policy elites perceive that the authority and autonomy of general practitioners has changed but reform has not resulted in generalised losses for the profession. The framework developedhere, which employed aspects of profession that arose as major themes, proved useful for examining the redefinition of profession and for generating policy insights in regard to possibilities for change and likely impacts.

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J. Mason, T., W. M. Lonsdale, and K. French. "Environmental weed control policy in Australia: current approaches, policy limitations and future directions." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 4 (2005): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050233.

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Plant invasions of natural systems threaten biodiversity and ecosystem processes across many biomes. Historically most plant invasions have been facilitated by human activities such as industry, transport and landscape modification. Consequently, both causes and management of weed invasion are dependent on human behaviour and management advice provided by ecologists needs to take account of this fact. This paper assesses current environmental weed control policy in Australia and asks: are government, land managers and the scientific community using available social levers to achieve optimal weed management? We do this by comparing aspects of weed policy with a generalized natural resource policy framework. Adequacy of issue characterization and policy framing are discussed with particular reference to public perceptions of the weed problem, policy scaling and defining policy principles and goals. The implementation of policy Instruments, including regulation, VOluntary incentives, education, Information, motivational instruments, property-right instruments and pricing mechanisms are reviewed. Limitations of current instruments and potential options to improve instrument effectiveness are discussed. Funding arrangements for environmental weed control are also reported: environmental weed invasion generally represents an external cost to economic markets which has resulted in relatively low funding levels for control operations. Finally, review and monitoring procedures in weed programmes and policy are addressed. Rigorous monitoring systems are important in effective, adaptive weed management where control techniques are continually refined to improve ecological outcomes. The utility of maintaining links between project outcomes and policy inputs along with methods of implementing appropriate monitoring are discussed.

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Paterson, Harriet L., Jessica L. Stead, Thomas Crutchett, Renae K. Hovey, Benjamin M. Ford, Peter Speldewinde, Lina M. Zapata-Restrepo, Lu Yanfang, Xiaoyu Zhang, and Andrew B. Cundy. "Battling the known unknowns: a synoptic review of aquatic plastics research from Australia, the United Kingdom and China." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 23, no. 11 (2021): 1663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1em00175b.

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A synoptic review of aquatic plastics research from Australia, the United Kingdom and China is presented, highlighting (a) key research and management challenges, and (b) a need to converge on standardised methods and bioindicator species to make global comparisons more reliable.

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Oßwald, K., K. Reincke, S. Döhler, U. Heuert, B. Langer, and W. Grellmann. "Aspects of the Ageing of Elastomeric Materials." International Polymer Science and Technology 44, no. 12 (December 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704401201.

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Rising raw materials prices and increasing customer demands for reliability and durability mean that there is huge interest in finding more and more ways of improving the service life of elastomeric products, for economic and environmental reasons, by boosting their resistance under the relevant operating conditions. The material-dependent oxygen absorption capacity and oxygen permeability play an important role in oxidative ageing processes and their modelling. Thus, ageing resistance is substantially dependent on the rate of oxygen diffusion into the bulk of the material in the case of thermo-oxidative attack. To evaluate the resistance of materials to external influences, artificial ageing methods are used in practice. The advantage of these methods is that, as a result of intensifying the test parameters, e.g. temperature and humidity, the ageing processes in the vulcanisate are accelerated. Within the scope of this study, the influence of accelerated ageing on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of mainly carbon-black-filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanisates was studied in an oxygen atmosphere at elevated temperature and in oxygen with solar radiation. The filler content was varied and the antioxidant IPPD was used. The analyses showed that, as well as mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength, the viscoelastic properties are also affected, depending on the ageing time and the type of ageing. In addition to the investigation of mechanical properties, a direct evaluation of the material change was carried out for selected samples by means of analytical tests. The investigations showed the deterioration of the antioxidant activity.

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Kaira, Sneha, Oz Sahin, Anisur Rahman, and Sherif Mohamed. "An Integrated DPSIR-SD Framework for Sustainability Assessment of Roads in Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2022): 7142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127142.

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The Australian Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) Summit in 2018 attracted much-needed national attention towards environmental goals and targets compared with other aspects of sustainability. Road infrastructure is the backbone of modern society and plays a crucial role in accomplishing a targeted balance between these aspects of sustainability and achieving the SDGs. This article presents an integrated sustainability performance assessment methodology that acts as a decision support tool. A series of two conceptual modelling techniques—drivers—pressure—state—impact—response (DPSIR) and system dynamics (SD)—is employed, with the cause-and-effect relationships of the sustainability indicators developed utilising the DPSIR framework, and a quantitative analysis carried out through a subsequent SD model. The end result is the generation of a Sustainability Performance Index (SPI) for road infrastructure created by analysing the SD model and DPSIR index layer relationship. The benefits and applicability of the proposed methodology are validated through case study analysis. The overall aim is to determine restricting factors and response strategies influencing road infrastructure and transport sustainability performance during the operation and maintenance phase. Thus, a significant contribution is made through the proposed methodology for assessing factors influencing the long-term achievement of the SDGs.

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Buck, Stuart, Joe Rolfe, Craig Lemin, and Bernie English. "Adoption, profitability and future of leucaena feeding systems in Australia." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2019): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)303-314.

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Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala ssp. glabrata) is a highly palatable and productive forage used mainly by beef producers on extensive properties in northern Australia. When sown into native or sown grass pastures, leucaena provides significant production, economic, environmental and social benefits. Adoption of leucaena was slow initially due to a range of technical, agronomic and landscape factors. These have now been largely overcome through extensive research, development, producer experience and other advances, resulting in around 130,000 ha of cultivated leucaena being utilized across northern Australia.A range of aspects will need to be addressed if the adoption of leucaena is to be accelerated into the future. These include environmental concerns, especially potential weediness, and a range of technological needs, including soil nutritional requirements, grazing and toxicity management, opportunities for companion fodder systems and conservation options. Advances in technology and the ongoing need for a high-quality, profitable and sustainable perennial forage will ensure the continued adoption of leucaena across northern Australia for the foreseeable future.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plastics Environmental aspects Australia'

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