Journal articles: 'Plastic optical fibre (POF)'

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Savović, S., A. Djordjevich, R. Min, and I. Savović. "Investigation of performance properties of plastic optical fibres used in a traffic light system." Quantum Electronics 51, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel17649.

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Abstract We investigate the performance properties of a multimode plastic optical fibre (POF) used in a traffic light system. An analytical function is proposed for predicting the angular power distribution at the output end of a multimode optical fibre when the beam at the input end of the fibre is centrally launched along the fibre axis. We demonstrate how mode coupling affects the output angular power distribution along the fibre and, therefore, the performance of optical fibre used as part of a traffic light system. It is found that as the length of the POF increases, the angular power distribution broadens until it reaches a length at which a steady-state distribution (SSD) is achieved. This broadening is insignificant at short POF lengths of up to 10 m. As a result, the effective radiation area at the output end of any long POF as part of different light systems, such as traffic, building, and bridge light systems, can be determined.

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Morisawa, Masayuki, and Shinzo Muto. "Plastic Optical Fibre Sensing of Fuel Leakage in Soil." Journal of Sensors 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/247851.

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A basic operation of the very simple optical sensing system of fuel leakage in uniform sandy and clayey soils, which is consisting of a plastic optical fibre (POF) transmission line, the POF-type sensor heads, and a single LED photodiode pair, has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Its sensing principle is based on the POF structure change in the sensor head caused by fuels such as petrol. A scale-downed model prepared in the experimental room showed a possibility of optical detection of fuel leakage points in uniform soil. As this system operates without receiving the influence of water containing in fuels and soils, its application to fuel leak monitor around a filling station and oil tank can be expected.

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Surani, Aisyah Hanim, Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid, N. Arsad, and Amna Afiqah Nasution Hakim. "Plastic Optical Fiber Sensor for Detection of Ethanol Concentrations." Solid State Phenomena 307 (July 2020): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.307.84.

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An optimized study of tapered polymer optical fiber (POF) for measurement of different concentration of ethanol in deionized water (0.5%-3.5%) is proposed and demonstrated. This sensor operated based on evanescent wave absorption principle. The cladding of PMMA based POF is removed using organic solvents which can be used to create tapered POF. The unclad length around 1 cm and 3 cm as well as the waist diameters of POF in the range of 5 mm and 8 mm were compared for their efficiency as an ethanol sensor based on power output ratio values. Tapered POF with smaller waist diameter and longer tapered length showed higher sensitivity as ethanol sensor. Therefore, by tailoring the length and tapered diameter of POF, high sensitivity of ethanol sensor can be fabricated.

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Louro, P., P. Soares, H. Ferraz, P. Pinho, and M. Vieira. "Design of an optical transmission WDM link using plastic optical fibers." MRS Proceedings 1536 (2013): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.754.

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ABSTRACTIn this paper we present the design of an optical transmission system, using plastic optical fiber (POF), which operates in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The optical signals are generated by modulated visible LEDs, transmitted through POF and at the reception end a pin-pin photodetector is implemented. A computer simulation tool dedicated to the analysis of optical circuits was used for preliminary analysis of the optical system. The performance of the optical link was analyzed by BER prediction variation on the transmission rate. The tested optical system was assembled using high efficiency LEDs of the same wavelengths, a commercial POF and a pin-pin photodetector based on a-SiC:H/a-SI:H. This detector behaves as an optical filter with controlled wavelength sensitivity. Different optical signals, obtained by adequate modulation of LED optical sources, were coupled into the POF and the combined optical signal at the fiber termination was directed onto the photodetector active area. The output photocurrent was measured with and without optical bias. Results compare the use of a pin-pin transducer device in free space and in a POF transmission link.

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Sartiano, Demetrio, Salvador Sales, and Elena Torres Roca. "Three Lobes Plastic Optical Fiber Bending and Rotation Sensor." Proceedings 15, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019015015.

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In this work a multiparameter plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor is presented. A three lobes POF consisting of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) core and a fluorinated polymer (FP) for the cladding was fabricated. The aim is to use a plastic fiber with non-circular shape to implement a bending direction and rotation sensor. The mode confinement in the plastic filament obtained with the extrusion process was simulated, and the effect of bending evaluated. The POF sensor is interrogated in transmission using an LED as light source and a charge-coupled device (CCD) to capture the light intensity distribution inside the core, and then analyze the changes when a bending or a rotation is applied.

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Marinah, Murti, Nadhifa Aqilla Husna, Hafiz Salam, and Agus Muhamad Hatta. "Agricultural soil moisture sensor based on U-bend Plastic Optical Fibre (POF)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 733, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/733/1/012025.

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Sartiano, Demetrio, Thomas Geernaert, Elena Torres Roca, and Salvador Sales. "Bend-Direction and Rotation Plastic Optical Fiber Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 21, 2020): 5405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185405.

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A plastic filament of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was fabricated by extrusion. The mode confinement was simulated using numerical software. The idea is to study how the light intensity changes inside the plastic optical fiber (POF) when a bending in multiple directions is applied. The results obtained from the simulation were compared to the experimental observations. The non-circular shape of the POF allows sensing a rotation applied as well. The angle of rotation was obtained processing two images of the end facet of the fiber (one with the fiber in a reference position and one with the rotated fiber), using an intensity-based automatic image registration. The accuracy in the rotation calculation was of 0.01°.

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Maskarenj, Marshal Shahu, Mahesh Avasare, and Prakash C. Ghosh. "Analysis of Plastic Optical Fiber Based Daylight System Suitable for Building Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.101.

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In the scenario of world energy crisis, building energy efficiency has become a mainstream research focus; since buildings take up a large share of the world energy consumption. Lighting plays an integral part in the buildings operationality through providing indoor visual comfort; and the much-needed daylight harnessing in building structures can be achieved through various strategies. This paper aims to evaluate the amount of plastic optical fiber (POF) required for achieving optimum indoor illumination through light transport and study the advantage of two dimensional solar tracking and light concentration on indoor daylight enhancement through POF as a trade-off for the amount of POF required in a static system. Illumination attained inside a representative closed chamber due to light transported by POF via various mechanisms was experimentally compared with outdoor direct illumination and the amount of POF required for achieving comfortable indoor illumination was calculated for a proposed system involving tracking and light concentration. A microcontroller based dual-axis solar tracker was designed for tracking sunlight on the POF collector node every 10 seconds and opaque internally reflective plastic containers acted like sample rooms in a building. Calculations for the representative day normalized for the flooring area in an office building showed a promising payback period of around 5 years through partial replacement of electric lighting. Additionally, reduction in heat conduction through window glazing further reduces the cooling costs.

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Anbalagan, Thanigai, Hazura Haroon, Hazli Rafis Abdul Rahim, and Siti Halma Johari. "Examination of limonene concentrations using tapered plastic optical fiber sensors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2411, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2411/1/012010.

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Abstract A tapered plastic optic fiber (POF) was developed and demonstrated for monitoring different concentrations of limonene. The working mechanism of the sensor was dependent on the evanescent field interaction between light and the POF tapered region. The tapered POF was fabricated using a polishing-etching method to accomplish different waist diameters of 0.7 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.55 mm, and 0.5 mm in a 2 cm sensing region. The experiment was carried out with a blue LED with a wavelength of 400 nm and the output voltage was observed. As the concentration of the limonene solutions increased from 20% to 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, the refractive index also increased to 1.39, 1.41, 1.43, 1.44, and 1.47, respectively. The sensitivity of the sensor increased as the tapered waist diameter was reduced. The key benefits of this sensor are its ease of handling and fabrication in comparison to other types of sensors.

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Johari, Siti Halma, Tiu Zian Cheak, Hazli Rafis Abdul Rahim, Mohd Hafiz Jali, Haziezol Helmi Mohd Yusof, Md Ashadi Md Johari, Moh Yasin, and Sulaiman Wadi Harun. "ZnO Nanorods Coated Tapered U-Shape Plastic Optical Fiber for Relative Humidity Detection." Photonics 9, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110796.

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A relative humidity sensor was fabricated by exploiting an evanescent wave (EW) on a U-bent tapered plastic optical fiber (POF) coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods. The POF was tapered manually using a polishing method to a diameter of 0.5 mm, a length of 5 cm, and a radius of 5 cm. ZnO nanorods were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and grown on the POF by a seeding process for 12 h. A significant response of the sensor was observed when the sensor was exposed to 35 to 90%RH due to the intense chemisorption process and changeable relative index in the POF. The sensitivity and resolution of the sensor have been improved by factors of 1.23 and 2.18, respectively, compared to the conventional tapered POF sensor without ZnO coating. Besides, the ZnO-coated sensor also exhibited better repeatability properties in terms of output voltage when exposed to 35 to 90%RH for three repeated measurements. The obtained results revealed that the proposed new POF sensor has an excellent sensing performance as an RH sensor in terms of sensitivity, repeatability, and stability properties.

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Haseda, Yuki, Julien Bonefacino, Hwa-Yaw Tam, Shun Chino, Shouhei Koyama, and Hiroaki Ishizawa. "Measurement of Pulse Wave Signals and Blood Pressure by a Plastic Optical Fiber FBG Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 5088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235088.

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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors fabricated in silica optical fiber (Silica-FBG) have been used to measure the strain of human arteries as pulse wave signals. A variety of vital signs including blood pressure can be derived from these signals. However, silica optical fiber presents a safety risk because it is easily fractured. In this research, an FBG sensor fabricated in plastic optical fiber (POF-FBG) was employed to resolve this problem. Pulse wave signals were measured by POF-FBG and silica-FBG sensors for four subjects. After signal processing, a calibration curve was constructed by partial least squares regression, then blood pressure was calculated from the calibration curve. As a result, the POF-FBG sensor could measure the pulse wave signals with an signal to noise (SN) ratio at least eight times higher than the silica-FBG sensor. Further, the measured signals were substantially similar to those of an acceleration plethysmograph (APG). Blood pressure is measured with low error, but the POF-FBG APG correlation is distributed from 0.54 to 0.72, which is not as high as desired. Based on these results, pulse wave signals should be measured under a wide range of reference blood pressures to confirm the reliability of blood pressure measurement uses POF-FBG sensors.

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Kuang, K. S. C., Ser Tong Quek, C. Y. Tan, and S. H. Chew. "Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors for Measurement of Large Strain in Geotextile Materials." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.1233.

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A high-strain optical fiber sensor system has been developed to provide a cost-effective solution for measurement of very large strain. The measurement of large strain in the order of a few tens of % strain (up to 40 % strain) in geotextile materials has been achieved using an extrinsic plastic optical fiber sensor (POF). Based on this design, the sensor is not limited to operating within the elastic region of the plastic fiber proposed by other workers in the field. The present design allows for compression strains to be measured even after exceeding strain levels of 5% (typical plastic strain values of POFs based on fiber stretching.) The POF were initially calibrated using a linear variable displacement transducer and the results based on tensile tests of a series of geotextile fabrics have shown to compare well with other reference measurements.

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Rashid, Affa Rozana Abdul, A. N. A. Latiff, Wan Maisarah Mukhtar, Nur Athirah Mohd Taib, Syahida Suhaimi, and Karsono A. Dasuki. "ZnO Coated Optical Fiber for Alcohol Sensing Applications." Solid State Phenomena 307 (July 2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.307.70.

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Plastic optical fiber sensing that coated with ZnO is developed and its interaction with ethanol and methanol solution is investigated. ZnO is synthesized sonochemically by using the bath type sonicator. The optical properties such as transmittance, absorbance and refractive index of ZnO is determined by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. Then, the cladding of plastic optical fiber (POF) is etched by using acetone solution, sand paper and deionized water. The unclad region is coated with ZnO and being immersed in the solution of ethanol and methanol in the range from 0 v/v% to 50 v/v%. The performance of ZnO coated POF is achieved by obtaining the power output value that transmitted via power meter. The result of this research is as the alcohol concentration increase, the power output value increase. Refractive index of ZnO is varied due to interaction between modified-cladding area and alcohol. Besides that, more light propagates inside the fiber when the sensor is tested under methanol solution compare to ethanol. Thus, the power output ratio increments as well as the sensor efficiency and shows the effectiveness of POF sensor to detect varied alcohol concentration.

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Makhsin, Siti Rabizah, Muhammad Izham Hakimi Mohd Zali, Rozina Abdul Rani, Nor Hayati Saad, and Muhammad Azmi Ayub. "Modifies Hummer’s Method of Graphene Oxide Nanostructures for Fibre Optic Sensors Application." Scientific Research Journal 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v18i1.11386.

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For optical fibre sensors applications, nanomaterials have been widely used to enhance sensor performance. Here, the fibre optic uses the transmission of light by total internal reflection along with the fibre and depending on the diameter of the fibre and the wavelength of the light used. Among others, graphene oxides nanostructures (GO) would offer exceptional advantages on the sensing mechanism due to 2D properties of the monocellular layer originally from graphite. The main objectives of this research are to successfully synthesis of GO using a chemical reduction method known as modifies Hummer’s method and later, deposited the GO onto the modified fibre optic layer to create a sensing platform. Prior than that, the standard plastic of fibre optic (POF) was modified by removing the cladding layer (1 cm) using a mechanical etching technique, thus the sensing platform can be created. The morphology and optical properties of the system were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Result of the preparation and characterisation of GO-optical fibre coatings was presented, considering its potential use for sensing applications. The stable GO was prepared by 3 hours of stirring time during the synthesis and longer dipping time was preferred to fully coat the core of the exposed POF. Aiming to explore this scheme for sensing applications, GO-coated tilted fibre will be later measuring via refractive index variations. An improvement on the sensitivity should be obtained and thus become a promising sensing platform for the development of a new line of sensors.

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Arcadio, Francesco, Luigi Zeni, and Nunzio Cennamo. "Exploiting Plasmonic Phenomena in Polymer Optical Fibers to Realize a Force Sensor." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062391.

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In this work, a novel sensing approach to realize a force optical fiber sensor is designed, developed, and experimentally tested. The proposed sensing methodology exploits the effects of deformation due to an applied force on a patch of plastic optical fiber (POF) connected at the input of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor realized in a D-shaped POF. Therefore, the proposed force sensor system consists of an SPR D-shaped POF sensor, connected to a spectrometer, within input of a POF patch, connected to a light source used for interacting with the applied force. When the applied force on the patch changes, the mode profile of the light in the multimode POF patch and the SPR-POF sensor change too, so the SPR spectra shift. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor has a resolution of the force sensor equal to about 22 mN and an excellent linear response in the range from 0 N to 0.5 N.

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Wang, Shumin, Daming Zhang, Yan Xu, Siwen Sun, and Xiaoqiang Sun. "Refractive Index Sensor Based on Double Side-Polished U-Shaped Plastic Optical Fiber." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 5253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185253.

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A U-shaped double-side polished plastic optical fiber (POF) is demonstrated as a liquid refractive index (RI) sensor. The refractive index of glycerinum solutions is identified by the intensity detection on the bending and evanescent wave loss change. Heat treatment and mechanical polishing are adopted to form the symmetrical side-polished POF probe. The processing parameters are experimentally optimized on the power transmittance. The sensitivity of 1541%/RIU (Refractive Index Unit) can be obtained with a resolution of 5.35 × 10−4 in the scope of 1.33–1.39. The favorable temperature characteristic is proved to offer stable RI sensing from 20 to 50 °C. This simple POF sensor has potentials in low-cost visible light intensity RI detection.

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Teng, Chuanxin, Houquan Liu, Hongchang Deng, Shijie Deng, Hongyan Yang, Ronghui Xu, Ming Chen, Libo Yuan, and Jie Zheng. "Liquid Level Sensor Based on a V-Groove Structure Plastic Optical Fiber." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 3111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093111.

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A high sensitivity and easily fabricated liquid level sensor based on the V-groove structure plastic optical fiber (POF) was described. In the design, the V-groove structure on the POF is produced by using a die-press-print method, which effectively reduces the complexity of the fabrication process and makes it easier for mass production of liquid level sensors. This greatly enhances the usefulness of the proposed sensor in cost effective liquid level sensing applications. The transmission characteristic of the POF could be changed when the V-groove structure was immerged or emerged by the rising or falling liquid. The liquid level sensing performances for the sensor probes with different structural parameters were investigated, and the sensor performances for the liquids with different refractive indices and the sensor dynamic response were also tested. Experimental results show that the sensor’s sensitivity can reach 0.0698 mm−1, with a resolution of 2.5 mm. Results also show that the sensor has a fast response time of 920 ms.

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TSUKAMOTO, YOSHIHIRO. "Plastic Optical Fiber and Required Performance for Car Network POF Cable." FIBER 66, no. 9 (2010): P.303—P.307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.66.p_303.

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Darder, Maria del Mar, Luis A. Serrano, Maximino Bedoya, and Guillermo Orellana. "3D Printing Filaments Facilitate the Development of Evanescent Wave Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) Chemosensors." Chemosensors 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10020061.

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One of the major difficulties in the development of evanescent wave optical fiber sensors (EWOFS) lies in the complexity of the manufacturing of the chemosensitive element, particularly when using plastic optical fibers (POFs). While these fibers are appealing waveguides thanks to their low cost, ease of connectorization and robustness, the need for removing the cladding material complicates the EWOFS fabrication. In this paper we discuss how 3D printing filaments can serve as an alternative to commercially available POF for the development of EWOFS. In the process of replacing the traditional POF, we compared the performance of two EWOFS for monitoring airborne formaldehyde. These sensitive elements were manufactured either from 1.75 mm diameter 3D printing filaments, or from a commercially available POF. After the optimization of their respective fabrication protocols, the analytical performance of the two formaldehyde EWOFS was compared in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. In this regard, the easy-to-manufacture 3D printing filament-based waveguides provided 5-fold lower detection limits with respect to the commercial POF-based sensors. Although no statistically significant differences were found in terms of reproducibility, the simplification of the sensor manufacturing process together with the increased analytical performance for chemical sensing spur the use of 3D printing filaments for the development of new POF-based EWOFS.

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Ehsan, Abang Annuar, and Mohd Kamil Abd Rahman. "Acrylic-Based 1x2 Plastic Optical Fiber Coupler Device Manufacturing Using EGX400 Desktop Engraver System." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7155.

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An all-acrylic-based 1x2 plastic optical fiber (POF) coupler has been designed and manufactured. The optical device is based on a simple 1x2 Y-branch coupler design with a middle high index contrast waveguide taper and splitting ratio of 50:50. Device modeling has been performed using non-sequential ray tracing with an insertion loss of 4.68 dB. Machining of the optical device has been performed using EGX400 desktop engraver system. 1 mm milling tool size with machine spindle speed of 15,000 rpm has been utilized. A simple optimization on the milling process prior to machining improved the coupling surfaces between the POF fibers and the waveguide taper. POF fibers are inserted into the engraved u-grooves and are passively aligned to the waveguide taper. The measured insertion loss is 7.5 dB and with a splitting ratio of 50:50.

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Liu, Ying. "Application of Plastic Optical Fiber Fatigue Sensor in Real-Time Monitoring of Fatigue Cracks in Steel Structures." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2808.

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Plastic optical fiber (POF) is a new type of sensing material. Compared with traditional quartz optical fiber, it has the advantages of good tenacity, low cost, easy processing, and high sensitivity. A new type of POF-Fatigue sensor (nPOF-Fs) is designed by using POF, which is based on the changes the luminous flux. The change in the relative displacement of the two ends of the fiber is obtained through the change in the luminous flux in the POF, which is later converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric conversion device. By collecting and analyzing the signals, accurate measurement of the dynamic response of the workpiece is achieved. Combined with the signal processing algorithm that can detect and monitor the crack expansion of steel structures under cyclic loading based on the RMS envelope and Hilbert transform filters, the fatigue crack can be monitored in real-time. The results obtained by nPOF-Fs are fundamentally coincide with the results acquired by the COD sensor. In view of the higher cost of monitoring with the COD sensor, the use of a POF sensor combined with a signal processing algorithm in monitoring the occurrence and expansion of fatigue cracks has great potential in the field of structural monitoring.

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Okuda, Ichiro, Yasushi Mae, Kenichi Ohara, Tomohito Takubo, and Tatsuo Arai. "Measuring Particle Positions in Micro Channel with Multifiber Array." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 6 (December 20, 2013): 1105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p1105.

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This paper proposes position measurement of particles in micro channels fabricated on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip using a two-layer plastic optical fiber (POF) array. Particle positions are measured by irradiating the POF array with laser light and measuring the decrease in POF output power posed by the presence of the particle. Our proposed sensor provides three dimensional measurements in the micro channel along the directions of the length, depth and the width. We demonstrate that plural particles of different diameters can be measured with our proposed sensor in which two layers of POF are vertically aligned or shifted along the flow direction. The effects of optical misalignment of POF array with respect to the measurement are theoretically and experimentally evaluated.

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Li, Jing, Jian Liu, Cheng Li, Hui Zhang, and Yizuo Li. "Wearable Wrist Movement Monitoring Using Dual Surface-Treated Plastic Optical Fibers." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 3291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153291.

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Regarding high-sensitivity human wrist joint motion monitoring in exercise rehabilitation; we develop a pair of novel wearable and sensitivity-enhanced plastic optical fiber (POF) strain sensors consisting of an etched grating fiber and a side-polished fiber stitched into a polyamide wrist brace. The two flexible and surface-treated fibers are; respectively; featured with an etched periodic gratings with a pitch of 6 mm and a depth of 0.5 mm and a D-shaped side-polished zone of ~300 µm depth and ~30 mm length; which, correspondingly, show the sensitivities of around 0.0176/° and 0.0167/° in a normalized bending angle by far larger than a conventional commercial POF, because it achieves a more sensitive strain-induced evanescent field interaction with the side-machined fibers. Moreover, in terms of the sensor response to bending deformation in the range of −40°~+40°, the former exhibits a better sensitivity in lower angle change, while the latter is superior as the bending angle increases; thereby arranging the two modified POFs separately at the side and back of the human wrist, in order to decouple the wrist joint behaviors induced by typical flexion-extension or abduction-adduction movements. Then, the circular and pentagonal wrist motion trajectory patterns are investigated, to demonstrate the maximum average single-axis motion error of 2.94° via the transformation of spatial angle to plane coordinate for the fabricated couple of POF sensors, which is lower than a recognized standard of 5°, thus suggesting the great potential in wearable exercise rehabilitation of human joints in the field of medical treatment and healing.

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Chen, Wu, Hsieh, and Chen. "Treatment of Trichloroethylene with Photocatalyst-Coated Optical Fiber." Water 11, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112391.

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In this present study, we investigated the effect of photocatalyzation on the degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the aqueous phase by a photocatalyst-coated plastic optical fiber (POF). Two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with low light intensity were used as the light source and TiO2 and ZnO were used as photocatalysts, which were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) was used as the hydroxyl radical probe for kinetic study and for the calculation of hydroxyl radical conversion rate (ROH,UV ). Experimental results show that POF coated with TiO2 exhibited higher degradation efficiency of TCE in basic solution, but POF coated with ZnO performed better in acidic solution. The increase of coating times resulted in the decrease in degradation efficiency of TCE due to increased thickness of the photocatalyst layer. The enhancement of light intensity contributed to the improvement of photocatalytic treatment efficiency. The ROH,UV for TiO2 and ZnO coated POF increased from 2 × 103 to 8 × 103 M s cm2 mJ−1 and from 8 × 102 to 2 × 103 M s cm2 mJ−1, respectively, as the pH increased from 4 to 10.

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Saad, Hasnida, Mohd Tarmizi Ali, and M. Kamil Abd Rahman. "High Sensitivity Optical POF Sensor for Detecting Low Ethanol Concentration in Water." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.693.

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This paper presents the preparation of intensity-based plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor and its characteristics in the detection of ethanol concentration in water. Response of the sensor probes were analyzed for 0.02 to 1.00% v/v ethanol concentrations. The POF sensors have high sensitivity of detecting very low concentration of ethanol with 0.02% v/v ethanol in water. The reponsitivity of the polished U-shape sensor was 285 per percent of ethanol concentration. There are three distinct shapes of POF sensor probes that were developed: tapered U-shape; polished U-shape; and polished coil-shape. The POF were shaped into sensor probes by indirectly heating the POF at 80°C for several minutes and rapidly cooled in retaining the shapes. Tapering of POF was done using tensile tester with thermostatic chamber and other sensor probes were polished using fine abrasive for enhancing their sensitivities. The performance of the sensors was tested using He-Ne laser as the light source and the output spectra were analyzed using Ocean Optics spectrometer. The light intensity from the three sensors showed nonlinear response to ethanol concentrations from 0.02% - 1.00%. The POF sensor is more sensitive to 0.02%-0.10% ethanol concentration compared to 0.20% to 1.00%. At lower concentration, water tends to gradually absorb into POF polymer network and causes the fiber to swell more due to volume expansion. Higher ethanol concentration causes the swelling of the fiber to be eventually reduced and reached its detection limit.

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Liu, Chong, Ricardo Correia, Hattan Ballaji, Serhiy Korposh, Barrie Hayes-Gill, and Stephen Morgan. "Optical Fibre-Based Pulse Oximetry Sensor with Contact Force Detection." Sensors 18, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113632.

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A novel optical sensor probe combining monitoring of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) with contact pressure is presented. This is beneficial as contact pressure is known to affect SpO2 measurement. The sensor consists of three plastic optical fibres (POF) used to deliver and collect light for pulse oximetry, and a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to measure contact pressure. All optical fibres are housed in a biocompatible epoxy patch which serves two purposes: (i) to reduce motion artefacts in the photoplethysmogram (PPG), and (ii) to transduce transverse loading into an axial strain in the FBG. Test results show that using a combination of pressure measuring FBG with a reference FBG, reliable results are possible with low hysteresis which are relatively immune to the effects of temperature. The sensor is used to measure the SpO2 of ten volunteers under different contact pressures with perfusion and skewness indices applied to assess the quality of the PPG. The study revealed that the contact force ranging from 5 to 15 kPa provides errors of <2%. The combined probe has the potential to improve the reliability of reflectance oximeters. In particular, in wearable technology, the probe should find use in optimising the fitting of garments incorporating this technology.

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Hisham, Hisham K. "Low Dispersion Performance of Plastic Fiber Grating Using Genetic Algorithms." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes21010045.

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In this paper, we suppose a method for reducing the dispersion in the plastic optical fiber (POF) Bragg gratings based on optimizing the grating coupling-strength (ξ) using genetic algorithms. The effects of average refractive index (δn) and temperature (T) change on the dispersion properties are investigated numerically. It is found that the amplitude of the δn for low dispersion performance needs to be reduced at the cost of the design complexity of the POF Bragg gratings. Owing to the unusually large and negative thermo-optic coefficient of the POF, the dispersion due to the wavelength shift induced by the temperature variation will be reduced by operating at high ξ value. Results showed that by optimizing the ξ value a very large dispersion reduction range has been obtained, from 1178 to 11.5 ps/nm at 30 mm grating length.

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Kang, Eun-Chul, Yong-Jun Choi, Kwang-Sik Yoon, and Euy-Joon Lee. "Circular Fresnel POF(Plastic Optical Fiber) Daylighting System Performance Evaluation Study." Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society 31, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7836/kses.2011.31.1.031.

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Teng, Deng, Liu, Yang, Yuan, Zheng, and Deng. "Refractive Index Sensor Based on Twisted Tapered Plastic Optical Fibers." Photonics 6, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6020040.

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We proposed a refractive index (RI) sensor employing two twisted tapered plastic optical fibers (POFs). The tapered POFs were fabricated by a heating and drawing method and were twisted around each other to form a coupled structure. The sensor consisted of two input ports, a twisted region, and two output ports. The tapered POF could make the light couple from one POF to the other easily. The twisted tapered POFs could constitute a self-referencing sensor, and by monitoring the changes of the coupling ratio, the variations of the external medium RIs could be measured. The RI sensing performances for the sensors with different fiber diameters and twisted region lengths were studied. The sensitivities of 1700%/RIU and −3496%/RIU in the RI ranges of 1.37–1.41 and 1.41–1.44 were obtained, respectively. The sensor is a low-cost solution for liquid RI measurement, which has the features of simple structure and easy fabrication.

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Aiestaran, Pedro, Jon Arrue, and Joseba Zubia. "Design of a Sensor Based on Plastic Optical Fibre (POF) to Measure Fluid Flow and Turbidity." Sensors 9, no. 5 (May 19, 2009): 3790–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s90503790.

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Liu, Lian, Shijie Deng, Jie Zheng, Libo Yuan, Hongchang Deng, and Chuanxin Teng. "An Enhanced Plastic Optical Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Double-Sided Polished Structure." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041516.

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An enhanced plastic optical fiber (POF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed by employing a double-sided polished structure. The sensor is fabricated by polishing two sides of the POF symmetrically along with the fiber axis, and a layer of Au film is deposited on each side of the polished region. The SPR can be excited on both polished surfaces with Au film coating, and the number of light reflections will be increased by using this structure. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed sensor has an enhanced SPR effect. The visibility and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of spectrum can be improved for the high measured refractive index (RI). A sensitivity of 4284.8 nm/RIU is obtained for the double-sided POF-based SPR sensor when the measured liquid RI is 1.42. The proposed SPR sensor is easy fabrication and low cost, which can provide a larger measurement range and action area to the measured samples, and it has potential application prospects in the oil industry and biochemical sensing fields.

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Safarloo, Sahar, Arántzazu Núñez-Cascajero, Ruben Sanchez-Gomez, and Carmen Vázquez. "Polymer Optical Fiber Plantar Pressure Sensors: Design and Validation." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103883.

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The proper measurement of plantar pressure during gait is critical for the clinical diagnosis of foot problems. Force platforms and wearable devices have been developed to study gait patterns during walking or running. However, these devices are often expensive, cumbersome, or have boundary constraints that limit the participant’s motions. Recent advancements in the quality of plastic optical fiber (POF) have made it possible to manufacture a low-cost bend sensor with a novel design for use in plantar pressure monitoring. An intensity-based POF bend sensor is not only lightweight, non-invasive, and easy to construct, but it also produces a signal that requires almost no processing. In this work, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized a novel intensity POF sensor to detect the force applied by the human foot and measure the gait pattern. The sensors were put through a series of dynamic and static tests to determine their measurement range, sensitivity, and linearity, and their response was compared to that of two different commercial force sensors, including piezo resistive sensors and a clinical force platform. The results suggest that this novel POF bend sensor can be used in a wide range of applications, given its low cost and non-invasive nature. Feedback walking monitoring for ulcer prevention or sports performance could be just one of those applications.

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Ab-Rahman, Mohammad Syuhaimi, Hadiguna Safnal, Iszan Hana Kaharudin, and I.-Shyan Hwang. "Green Technology Solution for Small-World Communication Using Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) and Light Emitting Diode (LED)—Design and Application." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710894.

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Plastic optical fiber (POF) has become a dominant technology, with potential to be fully utilized in a small-world communication system because it has many advantages over existing systems. Among several high-speed solutions, POF can be considered as one of the most promising technologies because of its attractive features, such as efficiency, user friendly, environmentally friendly, low maintenance and economic metric, compared to silica fiber optics. POF devices are divided into several types based on fabrication techniques and continue to spread to a number of applications that have a high impact in the world of communication today. This paper will discuss the overall POF technology and sustainable solutions for small-world communication from device fabrication, device types, configurations and applications. Discussion will focus on the technologies that have been developed in our laboratory concerning a user-friendly approach, energy efficiency, ease of maintenance and high-performance solution. The performance of our optical splitter is comparable to commercialized devices that are less than 5 dB of insertion loss and 0.53 dB of excess loss. This sustainable solution in high-speed communication is the first reported up to this time.

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Jóźwicki, Mateusz Łukasz, Mateusz Gargol, Małgorzata Gil-Kowalczyk, and Paweł Mergo. "Commercially available granulates PMMA and PS - potential problems with the production of polymer optical fibers." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i3.1036.

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The aim of the study was to verify the usefulness of commercially available granulates of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate) and PS (polystyrene) for the production of polymer optical fibers by extrusion method. Samples were subjected to thermal processing in various conditions (different temperatures and exposure time). Thermal (TG/DTG) and spectroscopic (ATR/FT-IR) analyses were carried out to analyze changes in the samples. Based on FT-IR analysis of liquid monomers and granulates the conversion of double bonds was calculated, which gave us a picture of the degree of monomers conversion, crucial information from the technological point of view. Full Text: PDF ReferencesO. Ziemann, J. Krauser, P.E. Zamzow, W. Daum, POF Polymer Optical Fibersfor Data Communication (Berlin: Springer 2008). DirectLink P. Stajanca et al. "Solution-mediated cladding doping of commercial polymer optical fibers", Opt. Fiber Technol. 41, 227-234, (2018). CrossRef K. Peters, "Polymer optical fiber sensors—a review", Smart Mater. Struct., 20 013002 (2011) CrossRef J. Zubia and J. Arrue, "Plastic Optical Fibers: An Introduction to Their Technological Processes and Applications", Opt. Fiber Technol. 7 ,101-40 (2001) CrossRef M. Beckers, T. Schlüter, T. Gries, G. Seide, C.-A. Bunge, "6 - Fabrication techniques for polymer optical fibres", Polymer Optical Fibres, 187-199 (2017) CrossRef M. Niedźwiedź , M. Gil, M. Gargol , W. Podkościelny, P. Mergo, "Determination of the optimal extrusion temperature of the PMMA optical fibers", Phot. Lett. Poland 11, 7-9 (2019) CrossRef

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Ribeiro, Ricardo M., Vinicius N. H. Silva, and Andrés P. L. Barbero. "Material dispersion interplay with spectral filtering on plastic optical fiber (POF) links." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 51, no. 7 (July 2009): 1657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.24425.

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Suchorab, Zbigniew, Małgorzata Franus, and Danuta Barnat-Hunek. "Properties of Fibrous Concrete Made with Plastic Optical Fibers from E-Waste." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102414.

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This article presents research results relating to the potential for waste utilization in the form of polymer optical fiber (POF) scraps. This material is difficult to recycle due to its diverse construction. Three different volumes of POF were used in concrete in these tests: 1%, 2%, and 3%. The experimental studies investigated the basic properties of the concrete, the elastic and dynamic moduli, as well as deformation and deflection of reinforced beams. The microstructures, including the interfacial transition zones (ITZs), were recorded and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. It was observed that 180 freezing–thawing cycles reduced the concrete frost resistance containing 3% POFs by half compared to the control concrete. The resistance to salt crystallization of this concrete decreased by about 55%. POFs have significant effects on the splitting tensile and flexural strengths compared to the compressive strength. The control beams were destroyed during the four-point static bending tests at half the force applied to the beams that were reinforced with POFs.

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Kam, Wern, Mary O’Keeffe, Kieran O’Sullivan, Waleed Mohammed, Sinead O’Keeffe, Elfed Lewis, and Charusluk Viphavakit. "A Validation Study of a Polymer Optical Fiber Sensor for Monitoring Lumbar Spine Movement." Materials 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050762.

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This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of a novel plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor, which was developed to measure the angles of flexion, extension and lateral bend at the lumbar region. The angles of flexion, extension and lateral bend for a standing position were measured simultaneously using both the novel POF sensor of this investigation and the commercial Biometrics goniometer instrument. Each movement had two steps of bending which were 10° and 20° based on inclinometer readings. The POF sensor had good intra-rater reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.61 to 0.83). Bland–Altman plots were used to study the agreement using these two sensors. There were proportional differences and bias between the POF sensor and Biometrics goniometer, as the zero points did not lie in the percentage difference region in the Bland–Altman plots. The proportional difference between these two likely reflects the different sizes and thus, measurement regions of the two sensors. There was also strong correlation between the two sensors (r > 0.77). Hence, the POF sensor could be of potential utility in measuring lumbar range of motion (ROM) in a manner which is minimally invasive, and where discrete sections of the spine are under specific investigation.

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Cennamo, Nunzio, Francesco Arcadio, Fiore Capasso, Devid Maniglio, Luigi Zeni, and Alessandra Maria Bossi. "Non-Specific Responsive Nanogels and Plasmonics to Design MathMaterial Sensing Interfaces: The Case of a Solvent Sensor." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s222410006.

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The combination of non-specific deformable nanogels and plasmonic optical probes provides an innovative solution for specific sensing using a generalistic recognition layer. Soft polyacrylamide nanogels that lack specific selectivity but are characterized by responsive behavior, i.e., shrinking and swelling dependent on the surrounding environment, were grafted to a gold plasmonic D-shaped plastic optical fiber (POF) probe. The nanogel–POF cyclically challenged with water or alcoholic solutions optically reported the reversible solvent-to-phase transitions of the nanomaterial, embodying a primary optical switch. Additionally, the non-specific nanogel–POF interface exhibited more degrees of freedom through which specific sensing was enabled. The real-time monitoring of the refractive index variations due to the time-related volume-to-phase transition effects of the nanogels enabled us to determine the environment’s characteristics and broadly classify solvents. Hence the nanogel–POF interface was a descriptor of mathematical functions for substance identification and classification processes. These results epitomize the concept of responsive non-specific nanomaterials to perform a multiparametric description of the environment, offering a specific set of features for the processing stage and particularly suitable for machine and deep learning. Thus, soft MathMaterial interfaces provide the ground to devise devices suitable for the next generation of smart intelligent sensing processes.

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Hadi, Muhammad Usman, and Menal Khurshid. "SARS-CoV-2 Detection Using Optical Fiber Based Sensor Method." Sensors 22, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030751.

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The SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus disease, also known as the COVID-19 pandemic, has engendered the biggest challenge to human life for the last two years. With a rapid increase in the spread of the Omicron variant across the world, and to contain the spread of COVID-19 in general, it is crucial to rapidly identify this viral infection with minimal logistics. To achieve this, a novel plastic optical fiber (POF) U-shaped probe sensing method is presented for accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as the COVID-19 virus, which has the capability to detect new variants such as Omicron. The sample under test can be taken from oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal via specific POF U-shaped probe with one end that is fed with a laser source while the other end is connected to a photodetector to receive the response and postprocess for decision-making. The study includes detection comparison with two types of POF with diameters of 200 and 500 µm. Results show that detection is better when a smaller-diameter POF is used. It is also seen that the proposed test bed and its envisaged prototype can detect the COVID-19 variants within 15 min of the test. The proposed approach will make the clinical diagnosis faster, cheaper and applicable to patients in remote areas where there are no hospitals or clinical laboratories due to poverty, geographic obstacles, or other factors.

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Pasquardini, Laura, Nunzio Cennamo, Giuseppe Malleo, Lia Vanzetti, Luigi Zeni, Deborah Bonamini, Roberto Salvia, Claudio Bassi, and Alessandra Maria Bossi. "A Surface Plasmon Resonance Plastic Optical Fiber Biosensor for the Detection of Pancreatic Amylase in Surgically-Placed Drain Effluent." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 15, 2021): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103443.

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Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), the major driver of morbidity and mortality following pancreatectomy, is caused by an abnormal communication between the pancreatic ductal epithelium and another epithelial surface containing pancreas-derived, enzyme-rich fluid. There is a strong correlation between the amylase content in surgically-placed drains early in the postoperative course and the development of POPF. A simple and cheap method to determine the amylase content from the drain effluent has been eagerly advocated. Here, we developed an amylase optical biosensor, based on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) plastic optical fiber (POF), metallized with a 60 nm layer of gold and interrogated with white light. The sensor was made specific by coupling it with an anti-amylase antibody. Each surface derivatization step was optimized and studied by XPS, contact angle, and fluorescence. The POF-biosensor was tested for its response to amylase in diluted drain effluents. The volume of sample required was 50 µL and the measurement time was 8 min. The POF-biosensor showed selectivity for amylase, a calibration curve log-linear in the range of 0.8–25.8 U/L and a limit of detection (LOD) of ~0.5 U/L. In preliminary tests, the POF-biosensor allowed for the measurement of the amylase content of diluted surgically-placed drain effluents with an accuracy of >92% with respect to the gold standard. The POF-biosensor allows for reliable measurement and could be implemented to allow for a rapid bedside assessment of amylase value in drains following pancreatectomy.

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Liu, Wenyi, Yanjun Hu, and Yulong Hou. "Ethanol Gas Sensitivity Sensor Based on Roughened POF Taper of Modified Polypyrrole Films." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20040989.

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The three polypyrrole (PPy) films with different mixture ratios, namely PPy1, PPy2, and PPy3, were synthesized by chemical oxidation with pyrrole and ferric chloride (FeCl3). The roughened plastic optical fiber (POF) taper assembled PPy films (POF-PPy1, POF-PPy2, and POF-PPy3) were facilely prepared and bent U shape structure for testing ethanol gas at room temperature. The morphologies of the PPy films and the roughened POF taper were studied using electron microscopy. The effect of the three PPy films on the gas response was investigated and the results showed that the POF-PPy2 exhibited a high sensitivity of 5.08 × 10−5 dB/ppm. The detection limit of the sensor was 140 ppm and its response and recovery times were 5 s and 8 s, respectively. The results also showed that as the bending radius decreased, the response and recovery times gradually shortened, while the output power increased. In addition, the proposed sensor has advantages of a low cost and simple structure.

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Guignier, Claire, Brigitte Camillieri, Michel Schmid, René M. Rossi, and Marie-Ange Bueno. "E-Knitted Textile with Polymer Optical Fibers for Friction and Pressure Monitoring in Socks." Sensors 19, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19133011.

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The objective of this paper is to study the ability of polymer optical fiber (POF) to be inserted in a knitted fabric and to measure both pressure and friction when walking. Firstly, POF, marketed and in development, have been compared in terms of the required mechanical properties for the insertion of the fiber directly into a knitted fabric on an industrial scale, i.e. elongation, bending rigidity, and minimum bending radius before plastic deformation. Secondly, the chosen optical fiber was inserted inside several types of knitted fabric and was shown to be sensitive to friction and compression. The knitted structure with the highest sensitivity has been chosen for sock prototype manufacturing. Finally, a feasibility study with an instrumented sock showed that it is possible to detect the different phases of walking in terms of compression and friction.

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Guo, Zi, Fenghong Chu, Jinyu Fan, Ze Zhang, Zhenglan Bian, Gaofang Li, and Xiaojun Song. "Study of macro-bending biconical tapered plastic optical fiber for relative humidity sensing." Sensor Review 39, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2018-0058.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and optimize plastic optical fiber (POF) probe with macro-bending biconical tapered structure for the relative humidity (RH) sensing. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the principle is the evanescent wave power modulated by the ambient humidity. The probe is fabricated by using fused biconical taper and heat-setting method and then coated with a fluorescent moisture-sensitive film. Findings The probe’s sensing performance can be optimized by changing the probe’s curvature radius, biconical tapered transition length and taper waist diameter. The result shows that the sensitivity of the probe is up to 1.60 and 3.40 mV/ per cent, respectively, at low humidity (10-45 per cent) and high humidity (45-90 per cent). Also, this probe has good linearity, repeatability, photostability and long-term stability. Practical implications The proposed probe can improve the sensitivity and linearity of RH sensing without complex devices, which is necessary for mass production, remote measurement and convenient operation. Originality/value POF probe with macro-bending biconical tapered structure is investigated in this paper, which is proved to be effective in improving the sensitivity and linearity.

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Tan, Jeanne, Ziqian Bai, Lan Ge, Li Shao, and Amy Chen. "Design and fabrication of touch-sensitive polymeric optical fibre (POF) fabric." Journal of The Textile Institute 110, no. 11 (May 24, 2019): 1529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2019.1606379.

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Pasquardini, Laura, Nunzio Cennamo, Francesco Arcadio, and Luigi Zeni. "A Review of Apta-POF-Sensors: The Successful Coupling between Aptamers and Plastic Optical Fibers for Biosensing Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 4584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094584.

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Aptamers represent the next frontier as biorecognition elements in biosensors thanks to a smaller size and lower molecular weight with respect to antibodies, more structural flexibility with the possibility to be regenerated, reduced batch-to-batch variation, and a potentially lower cost. Their high specificity and small size are particularly interesting for their application in optical biosensors since the perturbation of the evanescent field are low. Apart from the conventional plasmonic optical sensors, platforms based on silica and plastic optical fibers represent an interesting class of devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) in different applications. The first example of the coupling between aptamers and silica optical fibers was reported by Pollet in 2009 for the detection of IgE molecules. Six years later, the first example was published using a plastic optical fiber (POF) for the detection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The excellent flexibility, great numerical aperture, and the large diameter make POFs extremely promising to be coupled to aptamers for the development of a sensitive platform easily integrable in portable, small-size, and simple devices. Starting from silica fiber-based surface plasmon resonance devices, here, a focus on significant biological applications based on aptamers, combined with plasmonic-POF probes, is reported.

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Amoiropoulos, Kostas, Georgia Kioselaki, Nikolaos Kourkoumelis, and Aris Ikiades. "Shaping Beam Profiles Using Plastic Optical Fiber Tapers with Application to Ice Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092503.

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Using either bulk or fiber optics the profile of laser beams can be altered from Gaussian to top-hat or hollow beams allowing enhanced performance in applications like laser cooling, optical trapping, and fiber sensing. Here, we report a method based on multimode Plastic Optical Fibers (POF) long-tapers, to tweak the beam profile from near Gaussian to a hollow beam, by generating surface irregularities on the conical sections of the taper with a heat-and-pull technique. Furthermore, a cutback technique applied on long tapers expanded the output beam profile by more than twice the numerical aperture (NA) of the fiber. The enhanced sensitivity and detection efficiency of the extended profile was tested on a fiber optical ice sensor related to aviation safety.

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Simović, Ana, Svetislav Savović, Branko Drljača, Alexandar Djordjevich, and Rui Min. "Theoretical Investigation of the Influence of Wavelength on the Bandwidth in Multimode W-Type Plastic Optical Fibers with Graded-Index Core Distribution." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223973.

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The bandwidth of multimode W-type plastic optical fibers (POFs) with graded-index (GI) core distribution is investigated by solving the time-dependent power flow equation. The multimode W-type GI POF is designed from a multimode single-clad (SC) GI POF fiber upon modification of the cladding layer of the latter. Results show how the bandwidth in W-type GI POFs can be enhanced by increasing the wavelength for different widths of the intermediate layer and refractive indices of the outer cladding. These fibers are characterized according to their apparent efficiency to reduce modal dispersion and increase bandwidth.

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Batumalay, Malathy, F. Ahmad, Asiah Lokman, A. A. Jasim, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, and H. Ahmad. "Tapered plastic optical fiber coated with single wall carbon nanotubes polyethylene oxide composite for measurement of uric acid concentration." Sensor Review 34, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-09-2012-699.

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Purpose – A simple tapered plastic optical fiber (POF) sensor is proposed and demonstrated for measurement of uric acid concentrations in de-ionized water. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The sensor operates based on intensity modulation technique as the tapered POF probe which was coated by a single walled carbon nonotubes polyethylene oxide (SWCNT-PEO) composite is immersed into the uric acid solution. The probe was fabricated using an etching method and has a waist diameter of 0.46 mm and tapering length of 10 mm. Findings – As the concentration varies from 0 to 500 ppm, the output voltage of the sensor increases linearly from 6.13 to 7.35 mV with a sensitivity of 0.0023 mV/% and a linearity of more than 97.20 percent. The SWCNT-PEO composite coating increases the sensitivity of the proposed sensor due to the effective cladding refractive index, which increases with the coating and thus allows more light to be transmitted from the tapered fiber. Originality/value – This is the first demonstration of the tapered POF sensor for measurement of uric acid concentrations in de-ionized water.

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Yang, Jin-Hee, Hyun-Seung Cho, and Joo Hyeon Lee. "An analysis on the luminance efficiency of the machine embroidery method applied to flexible plastic optical fiber for realization of the textile display." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 13 (April 19, 2017): 1466–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517703197.

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In this research, we investigated the luminance efficiency of the computerized embroidery methods applied to flexible plastic optical fiber (POF) for realization of the textile display. Due to the nature of the flexible POF being similar to that of textile yarn, it has been possible to realize a flexible textile display by application of some adjusted fabrication methods. However, besides the simple property of flexibility, two requirements are still demanded for the flexible POF-based textile display: high luminance and the method for realization of pixels in a display. Among the fabrication methods, machine embroidery has feasibility to realize relatively higher luminance of flexible POF-based textiles through a simple procedure. The aim of this study is to evaluate of the feasibility of the embroidery method for the flexible POF-based textile display in terms of luminance, and an approach for a suitable condition in the embroidery method to realize the textile display. To do this, four embroidery methods, in which bending angles from around 90° to around 180° were applied to the flexible POF, were developed in this study. The measurement method was conducted identically on two types of POFs (flexible POFs and non-flexible POFs). The measurement points were selected in consideration of the distance from the light source and the rotation angle of the embroidery, depending on each embroidery design. Based on the resulting luminance efficiency according to the four embroidery methods, suitable conditions for the embroidery method to realize a relatively higher level of luminance for the textile display were suggested.

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Costa Antunes, Paulo, João Miguel Dias, Humberto Varum, and Paulo André. "Dynamic structural health monitoring of a civil engineering structure with a POF accelerometer." Sensor Review 34, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-04-2013-656.

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Purpose – In this work, the paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of plastic optical fiber (POF) based accelerometers for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil engineering structures based on measurements of their dynamic response, namely to estimate natural frequencies. These sensors use POFs, combining the advantages of the optical technology with the robustness of this particular kind of fiber. The POF sensor output is directly compared with the signal from an electrical sensor, demonstrating the potential use of such sensors in structural monitoring applications. Design/methodology/approach – Within this work, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a low-cost acceleration system based on a POF accelerometer on the dynamic monitoring of a civil engineering structure, aiming its natural frequency evaluation, which is a primary parameter to be used in SHM methods and numerical models calibration. Findings – A low-cost POF-based accelerometer was used in the characterization of a civil engineering structural component, located in a building at the University of Aveiro Campus, being used to estimate its natural frequency with a relative error of 0.36 percent, comparatively to the value estimated recurring to a calibrated electronic sensor. Originality/value – Optical fiber sensors take advantage of the fibers properties, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference and electrical isolation. They are very attractive for use in hostile environments, like submerse environments or flammable atmospheres where electrical currents might pose a hazard. The advantages of POF itself should also be considered, like resistance to hash environments, robustness, flexibility, low-cost interrogation units and high numeric aperture (lower cost components). The paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a low-cost acceleration system based on a POF accelerometer on the dynamic monitoring of a civil engineering structure, aiming its natural frequency evaluation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plastic optical fibre (POF)'

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