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Journal articles on the topic 'Plastic design'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Halim, Wandy, and Franky Liauw. "GALERI EDUKASI PLASTIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE PERANCANGAN PLASTIS." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12297.

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In human life, waste is a problem that will inevitably become, and will never end. This waste problem is caused by high human consumptive behavior. Plastic waste is one of the waste problems that need serious attention because the problem of plastic waste has become a global environmental problem. To be able to overcome this large plastic waste, it takes speed in absorbing plastic waste and its use in the field of processing because plastic waste is waste that is very difficult to decompose. In Indonesia, public awareness and knowledge of plastic waste are still very lacking, so that the processing of plastic waste is still not optimal. RE-Plastic Gallery is a plastic educational gallery facility that applies the plastis design method. This plastis design method takes the nature of the plastic itself, namely plastis which means it is easy to form. With this plastis nature, plastis forms, plastis spaces, and plastis activities will be applied to the design of educational galleries. People's view of plastic waste will be changed through interactive exhibition activities, ranging from exhibitions on what plastic is, the impact of plastic on the environment, plastic artworks, plastic products, to research results on plastics aimed at fighting plastic waste. That way, people who initially dispose of plastic waste will hunt for plastic waste because they are aware that plastic is useful, valuable, profitable, and also fun.Keywords: educational gallery; plastic; plastis design method AbstrakDalam kehidupan manusia di dunia, permasalahan sampah merupakan permasalahan yang pasti akan dialami, dan tidak akan pernah ada habisnya. Permasalahan sampah ini disebabkan oleh tingginya perilaku konsumtif manusia. Sampah plastik merupakan salah satu masalah sampah yang perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius karena masalah sampah plastik ini sudah menjadi masalah lingkungan skala global. Untuk dapat mengatasi sampah plastik yang besar ini, dibutuhkan kecepatan dalam menyerap sampah plastik dan pemanfaatannya dalam bidang pengolahan karena sampah plastik merupakan sampah yang sangat sulit untuk terurai. Di Indonesia, kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat akan sampah plastik masih sangatlah kurang, sehingga pengolahan sampah plastik ini masih belum maksimal. RE-Plastic Gallery merupakan fasilitas galeri edukasi plastik yang menerapkan metode perancangan plastis. Metode perancangan plastis ini mengambil sifat dari plastik itu sendiri yaitu plastis yang berarti mudah untuk dibentuk. Dengan sifat plastis ini, akan diterapkan bentuk yang plastis, ruang yang plastis, dan kegiatan yang plastis pada desain galeri edukasi. Pandangan masyarakat mengenai sampah plastik akan diubah melalui kegiatan pameran yang interaktif, mulai dari pameran mengenai apa itu plastik, dampak plastik ke lingkungan, karya-karya seni plastik, produk-produk plastik, hingga hasil-hasil penelitian mengenai plastik yang bertujuan untuk memerangi sampah plastik. Dengan begitu masyarakat yang pada awalnya membuang sampah plastik akan memburu sampah plastik, karena tersadarkan bahwa plastik itu sebenarnya bermanfaat, berharga, menguntungkan, dan juga menyenangkan.
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2

Ishikawa, Masaru. "Plastic Product Design." Seikei-Kakou 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2008): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.20.783.

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3

Du Bois, Els, Dirk Van Gogh, Lore Veelaert, and Karine Van Doorsselaer. "Design Against the Plastic Soup - The Effect of Small Product Designs in Sustainable Design Education." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.327.

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AbstractPlastics are ubiquitous in our daily life due to their versatile characteristics, however, these excellent characteristics also contributed to the emergence of a gigantic garbage of floating plastics in our ocean, called the plastic soup. Within this research project we investigated the opportunities by design to cope with this wicked problem. The hypothesis is that picking small opportunities in a wicked problem can have a large impact on the related ecosystem. In addition, we also wanted to investigate how design students would deal with the problem to create larger awareness of the designers' impact and responsibility. Although there is no ideal answer to a systemic problem such as the plastic soup, intervening on systems is possible. As the characteristics of a product directly influence the way the entire value chain works, designers have a large responsibility / opportunity to influence the system. An experiment was executed with 69 design students to explore the opportunities. The resulting design concepts were discussed by experts, reasoning towards relationships, needs to elaborate the design practices, and ecodesign education in a circular economy.
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Zhang, Haigang, Yilin Hou, Wenjin Zhao, and Hui Na. "Control Strategies of Plastic Biodegradation through Adjusting Additives Ratios Using In Silico Approaches Associated with Proportional Factorial Experimental Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 5670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095670.

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Plastics, as a polymer material, have long been a source of environmental concern. This paper uses polystyrene plastics as the research object, and the relative contribution of each component of plastic additives to plastic degradation is screened using the molecular dynamics method. The factorial experimental design method is combined with molecular dynamics simulation to adjust the additive composition scheme, analyze the mechanism of interaction between the additive components, and select the plastic additive combination that is most readily absorbed and degraded by microorganisms. Seven different types of plastic additives, including plasticizers, antioxidants, light and heat stabilizers, flame retardants, lubricants, and fillers, are chosen as external stimuli affecting the biodegradability of plastics. Using molecular dynamics simulation technology, it is demonstrated that plastic additives can promote the biodegradability of plastics. The factorial experimental design analysis revealed that all plastic additives can promote plastic biodegradation and plasticizer is the most favorable factor affecting plastic degradation, that hydrophobicity interactions are the primary reason for enhancing plastic degradation, and that screening No. 116–45 (plasticizer A, light stabilizer C, flame retardant E) is the most advantageous combination of biodegradable plastic additives. The plastic biodegradation effect regulation scheme proposed in this study is based on optimizing the proportion of additive components. To continue research on aquatic biodegradable plastics, the optimal combination of plastic components that can be absorbed and degraded by microorganisms is recommended.
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Sardare, Mohit Milind, and Vaibhav Bankar. "Design of Family Mould Tool for Plastic Box." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14245.

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6

Hsiung, Wei, Song Young, and Zhi Bin Xie. "Research on an Integrated Plastics Product Design Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.693.

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With continuous development of macromolecule technology and great invention of advanced materials with high quality, plastic parts are widely applied in the areas like aerospace, mechanism and medical instruments. However, the design methods of plastics are still restricted in many aspects. This paper proposes an integrated method for plastic product design, which has been demonstrated by a case study as feasible and effective.
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7

Chval, Zdenek, Karel Raz, and Frantisek Sedlacek. "Design of Injection Mold from Plastic Material." Key Engineering Materials 847 (June 2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.847.75.

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This paper deals with the use of plastics for making injection molds. Mold production times reduced by 90% and costs cut by up to 75% are some of the benefits of prototype molds from plastic materials. Today, materials with melt temperatures above 300 °C are used for plastic molds. They include ABS, PE, PP and PA. In this study, testing of high-temperature resin from Formlabs was performed. Compression and tensile test data are compared with the datasheet values and with virtual simulations. The tests were carried out at different temperatures. Based on their results, one can identify a suitable molding process with molds from this material.
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Tres, Paul A. "Improper Plastic Rim Design." Macromolecular Symposia 389, no. 1 (February 2020): 1900096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201900096.

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9

Raucent, B., Ch Nederlandt, and D. A. Johnson. "Plastic snapfit fastener design." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 14, no. 3 (March 1998): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01188414.

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10

Imaekhai, Lawrence. "Design and Fabrication of a Plastic Film Granulating Machine." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v1i2.27.

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Plastic film granulating machine is an industrial machine used for reducing plastic materials, mostly for grinding plastic into granules of uniform sizes for further processing either into new plastic shapes or recycled back to its parental source. This paper presents the use of locally sourced materials for realising the same machine; reducing its size and cost, while maintaining high efficiency, as well as decrease in vibration and increased shear efficiency with uniform size of granules. The machine consists of the hopper, the grinding chamber in which contains the shaft and cutting blades with a discharge unit. The plastic film granulator has a capacity of granulating 1kg of recycled plastic in 1h at 75% efficiency, a working revolution of 3000rpm, and power rating of 5.5hp engine. The machine works by principle of shearing, power is transferred from the motor to the granulating shaft with the aid of a transmission coupler that connects them. The inlet plastics are granulated until the desired size is achieved, small enough to pass through the discharge screen.
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11

Ying, Wang, Li Xiaocheng, and Zhou Feng. "Design of Plastic Injection Mould for Plastic Bracket." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1653 (October 2020): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1653/1/012020.

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12

Gradus, Raymond. "Postcollection Separation of Plastic Recycling and Design-For-Recycling as Solutions to Low Cost-Effectiveness and Plastic Debris." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 8415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208415.

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In the Netherlands, plastic waste recycling is high on the policy agenda. Much effort is made to recycle, mostly by residents, who separate plastic waste at home. However, much of the separated waste is not recycled into new products. Substantial amounts are burned or even shipped to Asia. This leads to substantial plastic debris, as recent evidence has shown. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of plastic recycling versus incineration is very low. Based on evidence from the north of the Netherlands, postcollection or mechanical separation can be a viable alternative as more useful plastics are separated and there are indications that different plastic streams are of higher polymeric purity. Furthermore, there is some circumstantial evidence that cost-effectiveness increases if postseparation is chosen. To avoid large streams of mixed plastics that are barely recyclable, it is important that further agreements with the packaging industry are made to phase out these mixed plastics and further increase the polymeric purity of different plastic waste streams.
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13

Serulus, Katarina. "PLASTIC FURNITURE IN POST-WAR BELGIUM." Docomomo Journal, no. 66 (December 12, 2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/docomomo.66.03.

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This paper discusses the production of plastic furniture in post-war Belgium. Plastics were commonly used to imitate wood in order to mass-produce traditional furniture in popular styles. This provoked strong reactions from the traditional furniture industry protecting their trade, and from modernists, who rejected the “dishonest” use of materials. The Meurop company was established in 1958 with a policy to offer good design at affordable prices. Targeting the new European market, Meurop developed its own distribution system of shops that covered Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, France, and Germany. In 1960, it was the first Belgian furniture company to open its own plastics department, designing and fabricating modern designs created by its own art director, and later, by its in-house design studio. Later, as a result of the 1973 oil crisis and a different attitude to plastics, Meurop’s plastic dream ended and the company had to close its doors in 1980.
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Tavkhelidze, Manana. "Plastic design and design criteria in architecture." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 4(518) (December 15, 2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2020-4-139-149.

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Designing and modeling architectural objects are related to a complex approach. The present paper is dedicated to use of problem-solving methods for designers, which will greatly help not only teachers but also designers directly. The variety of methods given in the paper and their essence take into account not only the peculiarities of the work of architects and designers, but also the material presented here fully includes systemic approaches to the methods required to solve various types of engineering problems.
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15

Beiter, Kurt, Steven Krizan, Kos Ishii, and Lee Hornberger. "HyperQ/Plastics: An intelligent design aid for plastic material selection." Advances in Engineering Software 16, no. 1 (January 1993): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-9978(93)90029-s.

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16

Li, Zheng Jeremy. "Design and Development of a New Automated and High Speed Cap Sealing System." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.489.

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Plastic welding is a technical process of welding plastic component together and it is one of the primary processes of joining plastics. There are several types of techniques in the plastic welding including hot gas welding, extrusion welding, contact welding, hot plate welding, injection welding, and friction welding, To increase the plastic welding speed and sealing capacity, this research introduces a new automated and high speed cap sealing system applied to cartridge filled with gas product. The computer-aided modeling analysis and prototype testing show that this automated and high speed welding system has high production rate, good sealing quality, reliable function, and cost-effective manufacturing process.
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Calista, Jasmine, and Petrus Rudi Kasimun. "APLIKASI SENSORIAL ARCHITECTURE PADA FASILITAS PENGOLAHAN DAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DI KELURAHAN PAPANGGO." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12446.

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Plastic is one of the most popular materials because of its flexiblity, low cost, and durability. However, despite being durable, a lot of plastics are only used once before ending up in landfills or the environment; piles of plastic waste can be seen floating on the sea because of their non-degradable nature. The plastic waste treatment and management facility responds to this problem in two ways, namely through processing plastic waste into raw materials used in making the filament for 3D printing, and through management, by the manufacture of alternative materials (algae bioplastic) using the wastewater obtained from washing plastics and by inviting the community to participate through upcycling. Through this, plastic waste can be converted into a usable product (such as furniture, ornaments, and others), and if said product is defected or broken, it can be recycled back and turned into raw material for another printing process, thus creating a circular economy. Furthermore, as citizens’ awareness towards the proper management of plastic waste and the reduction of plastic consumption plays an important role in addressing this issue, this project uses the sensorial architecture of the seven senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste, skeleton and muscle) as a design approach to make the users ‘feel’ the building. As a result, the purpose of this project, which is to help in managing plastic waste and to raise awareness regarding this issue, can be achieved through the programs and spatial experience. By using technology and sensorial architecture design, not only does this project generate product from plastic waste, but also creates a new ecology to an industrial building.Keywords: 3D printing; plastic waste; sensorial architecture; seven senses; spatial experience AbstrakPlastik merupakan salah satu bahan yang paling sering digunakan karena sifatnya yang fleksibel, murah, dan tahan lama. Namun, meski mempunyai sifat yang tahan lama, banyak plastik yang hanya dipakai sekali sebelum akhirnya berakhir di TPA atau di lingkungan. Sifatnya yang tidak bisa / sulit terdegradasi menyebabkan dampak buruk pada lingkungan, terutama ekosistem laut. Perancangan fasilitas pengolahan dan pengelolaan sampah plastik merespon terhadap masalah ini dengan dua cara, yaitu melalui pengolahan sampah plastik menjadi bahan dasar filamen dalam fasilitas pencetakan 3D dan pengelolaan melalui pembuatan bahan alternatif (alga bioplastik) dari air bekas hasil pencucian plastik, dan dengan mengajak masyarakat untuk turut ikut serta melalui program upcycling. Melalui cara ini, sampah plastik dapat diolah menjadi barang yang dapat digunakan kembali, dan hasil produk (berupa furnitur, ornamen, dan lainnya) yang sudah rusak dapat didaur ulang dan diolah kembali menjadi produk yang baru sehingga menciptakan sebuah ekonomi yang sirkuler. Selain itu, karena kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan dan pengurangan konsumsi plastik juga menjadi bagian penting dalam mengatasi masalah ini, perancangan menerapkan pendekatan desain arsitektur sensori melalui ketujuh indera manusia (penglihatan, pendengaran, penciuman, peraba, pengecap, tulang dan otot) agar dapat menjadi bangunan yang dapat ‘dirasakan’ oleh penggunanya. Dengan ini, tujuan perancangan untuk membantu mengelola sampah plastik dan meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap kondisi lingkungan sekarang ini dapat disampaikan melalui program dan pengalaman ruang yang dirasakan. Melalui penggunaan teknologi dan penerapan desain arsitektur sensori, perancangan tidak hanya menghasilkan produk olahan sampah plastik, tetapi juga menciptakan ekologi baru pada bangunan industri.
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Košík, Miroslav, Jozef Bílik, and Filip Polakovič. "Mechanical Benefits of Gas Assisted Injection Moulding Application in Design of Structural Parts." Materials Science Forum 862 (August 2016): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.862.182.

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Due to of many advantages and specific properties plastics are gradually becoming the most widely used materials in the engineering industry. In the last years, more and more metal parts are converted to plastic, in the cases of mechanically loaded parts as well. However, the usage of plastic is limited by its mechanical properties and production possibilities. Conventional injection moulding as the most productive plastic part production technology mostly enables the manufacturing of thin-wall parts with uniform wall thickness, what restricts full-fledged utilization of plastics. In this study, the benefits of progressive gas assisted injection moulding is investigated in order to produce plastic parts with higher mechanical properties. The paper presents complex study with respect to structures generated in material during gas penetration state, orientation of reinforced short fibres, stress relaxation behaviour, notch effect of rough gas channel surface, producible cross-section profiles with high moment of inertia and undesirable production effects, which can occur during gas aided moulding technologies. Finally, the mechanical properties of specimen produced by conventional and gas-assisted injection moulding were compared using numerical analyses. For comparison, integration of two numerical solver - FVM for fluid analysis of plastic/gas injection and FEM for structural analysis of specimen strength/stiffness were used.
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Kristanto, Laurensius Ricky, Jasson Prestiliano, and T. Arie Setiawan Prasida. "PERANCANGAN CARD GAME MENGENAL PLASTIK UNTUK ANAK USIA 9 – 12 TAHUN DENGAN MEKANIK MEMORY." ANDHARUPA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia 5, no. 02 (September 12, 2019): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v5i2.2363.

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AbstrakIndonesia merupakan salah satu penyumbang sampah plastik terbesar di dunia. Sampah plastik adalah sampah anorganik yang sulit terurai dan mencemari lingkungan. Plastik diklarifikasikan menjadi tujuh jenis tingkatan dan memiliki karakternya masing-masing. Peringatan akan bahaya sampah plastik yang ada, dianggap hanya bisa dipahami oleh orang dewasa saja. Supaya anak-anak dapat lebih mengenal plastik, dipilihlah media permainan sebagai media pembelajaran yang dapat lebih menarik untuk anak-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan jenis-jenis plastik yang ada kepada anak-anak sejak dini, supaya plastik dapat lebih dikenal oleh anak-anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian campuran yang memadukan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan strategi linier. Metode perancangan permainan melalui tahapan konsep, uji coba, tahapan desain, prototyping, uji coba, dan produksi permainan. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah permainan kartu dengan mekanisme permainan yang mengandalkan daya ingat. Mekanisme tersebut digunakan untuk membentuk kebiasaan baik sejak dini dan merangsang daya ingat anak yang sedang berkembang. Penelitian ini mampu membuat anak-anak untuk lebih mengenal jenis-jenis plastik yang ada beserta sifatnya, dan menjadi media pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi anak-anak. Kata Kunci: plastik, permainan kartu, edukasi, memori AbstractIndonesia is one of the largest plastic waste contributors in the world. Plastic waste is inorganic waste that is difficult to decompose and pollute the environment. Plastics are clarified into 7 types of levels and have their characters. Warnings of the dangers of plastic waste are considered only to be understood by adults. For children to get to know plastics, the game is chosen as a learning medium that can be more interesting for children. This research aims to introduce the types of plastic available to children from an early age, so that plastic can be better known by children. The method used is a mixed method that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches with a linear strategy. The method of designing a game through the concept phase, playtesting, design phase, prototyping, playtesting, and game production. The final result of this research is a card game with a mechanism that relies on memory. The mechanism is used to form good habits from an early age and stimulate the memory of children. This research can make children more familiar with the types of plastic that exist and their characters, and become an exciting learning media for children. Keywords: plastic, card game, education, memory
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Ali Khan, S., and M. Ahmad Kamal. "Design and construction of prestressed arch using plastic shoppers waste." Materiales de Construcción 62, no. 308 (November 26, 2012): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2012.04411.

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Zhao, Zhen Yu, Long Liao, Fei Tang, and Bai Liu. "Moldflow Software in a Complex Plastic Shell Injection Mold Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.646.

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The paper describes the important role of Moldflow technology and status. Through the application of Moldflow / MPI (Moldflow Plastics Insight) software for CAE under a comprehensive analysis of the shell molds, injection molding parameters such as mold temperature, melt temperature, injection time and injection pressure are used to simulate the actual production process. This shows the Moldflow technology plays a significant role in the mold development process for optimizing plastic products design, plastic mold design and injection process parameters, etc.
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Tanaka, Masayoshi. "Optimum Design of Plastic Bottle." Seikei-Kakou 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2008): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.20.802.

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Zhang, Xiao Zun. "Plastic Application in Product Design." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.185.

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The plastic has become one of the most widely used material. Current also has the extremely widespread application in the field of product design. Types and characteristics, this paper analyzes the commonly used plastic and plastic application in product design are discussed in detailed research.
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Liu, Yu Mei. "Plastic Parts Die Design Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 956–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.956.

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The design of embedded a plastic mould design, make the mould can achieve the required by the plastic parts processing technology, and realizing automation production to increase production. Through to the analysis of the plastic parts for process, the general design of the mould structure, including sure cavity layout, sure pouring system, determine the parting surface and ejector institutions and pull the lever for design, cooling system, the design of the vents, in order to design a complete mold assembly drawing.
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BUSHEY, A. C. "DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS-LAMINATED PLASTIC CONSTRUCTION." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 66, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1954.tb05674.x.

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Yoshida, Takashi, and Masaru Ishikawa. "Design of strength for plastic." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2004.17 (2004): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2004.17.127.

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Tin-Loi, F. "Optimal plastic design of arches." Computers & Structures 43, no. 4 (May 1992): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90508-w.

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Alwis, W. A. M. "Computer aided optimal plastic design." Computers & Structures 30, no. 6 (January 1988): 1275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(88)90192-7.

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Goel, Subhash C., and Sutat Leelataviwat. "Seismic design by plastic method." Engineering Structures 20, no. 4-6 (April 1998): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0296(97)00147-8.

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Trahair, N. S., Y.-L. Pi, M. J. Clarke, and J. P. Papangelis. "Plastic Design of Steel Arches." Advances in Structural Engineering 1, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136943329700100102.

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The in-plane failure modes of steel arches range from the extremes of plastic collapse for stocky arches with significant bending actions to elastic buckling for slender arches in uniform compression. Between these extremes, failure involves an interaction between plastic collapse and elastic buckling which depends on the arch profile, support conditions, loading, and slenderness, and is influenced by geometrical imperfections and residual stresses. Few design codes give methods for designing steel arches against in-plane failure. The methods that are used are essentially based either on the buckling strengths of equivalent columns, or on the use of moment amplification or second-order elastic analysis and the attainment of a limiting stress. Any method based solely on elastic analysis and a limiting stress is necessarily conservative for stocky arches with negligible stability effects, since it ignores the often substantial redistributions that take place after first yield. This paper discusses the use of the method of plastic collapse analysis for the in-plane design of steel arches.
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Jennings, A., and T. K. H. Tam. "Automatic plastic design of frames." Engineering Structures 8, no. 3 (July 1986): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(86)90047-7.

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32

Horne, M. R. "Plastic design of steel structures." Engineering Structures 10, no. 2 (April 1988): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(88)90040-5.

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33

Carlin, Conor. "Spotlight: Plastic Design Northeast 2017." Plastics Engineering 73, no. 9 (October 2017): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2017.tb01799.x.

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34

Smith, Zan, and Maribeth Fletcher. "Gearing Up With Plastic." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 09 (September 1, 1998): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-sep-5.

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This article explains the engineering design concepts behind injection-molded gears that make drives lighter, quieter, and less costly. As the experience base with plastic gears has grown, computer-aided-design (CAD) tools have advanced. The most powerful advantages of plastic gears may be the design opportunities they afford. Gear geometries overlooked by designers used to metal are often easy to mold in plastic, and they can reduce drive size, weight, and cost. The operating speed of plastic gears obviously impacts operating temperature. However, rapid-loading rates can also affect material properties. For some materials, the faster a tooth is loaded, the higher the effective modulus and strength. It is highlighted that designers of plastic gears should also pay special attention to shaft attachment. Bore tolerances naturally impact true center distances, sometimes resulting in loss of proper gear action. Problems with prototypes can also tempt gear designers to change resins—a costly mistake given the different shrinkage characteristics of various plastics. It is better to rework the tooth profile than switch the material, unless it is clear that the wrong material was chosen.
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Adjie Suwignyo, Putra, Rahmadi Kusumastuti, Amir, Dodi Mulyadi, and Khoirudin. "The Design of a Plastic Shredder Machine with The Crusher Cutting Knife Model for Environmentally Sustainable." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Mechanical Xplore 3, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/jtmmx.v3i2.2821.

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Indonesia produced about 31.2 million metric tons of garbage in 2021. Roughly 87.1% of the total waste is comprised-evaluated of plastic waste. Plastic waste takes a very long time to break down in the environment. It took decades for trash made of plastic to decompose. Disorganized waste management at the landfill is a significant source of plastics-related problems. In order to reuse plastic garbage, it must be crushed up first before the recycling process. The primary objective of the design process for the crushing plastic machine used to shred plastic waste was to maximize productivity. The design of the machine that crushes plastic waste was created and prepared with the help of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. One thousand and zero millimeters in length, three hundred and twenty millimeters in width, and twelve hundred and sixty millimeters in height describe this machine for chopping up plastic trash. In terms of crushing time and capacity, variations in the rotational speed of 1000, 1100, and 1200 blades in revolution per minute were optimal. The optimal crushing time for 2 kg-HDPE plastic waste was 37 seconds at 1200 revolutions per minute, followed by 1100 revolutions per minute; 2 kg-HDPE plastic waste was crushed and evaluated. HDPE plastic wastes have typically crushed faster in less time than PET plastic wastes. It has been evaluated and validated for any setting variation operation involving the crushing speed. Three kilograms of HDPE plastic waste yielded an optimum crushing capacity of 194.4 kg/hour at 1200 revolutions per minute. Next, at 1200 revolutions per minute, 2 kg-HDPE plastic waste is crushed. HDPE plastic wastes are typically more effective to crush than PET plastic wastes, regardless of the crushing speed setting variation operations. As a result of this study, plastic waste is being put to better use, helping to cut down on overall plastic use in the plastic waste management
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Azhar, Nur Hidayah, and Nor Zalifah Zainal Abidin. "Sustainable Resource Based Materials in Food Packaging Design." Cultural Syndrome 2, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/cs.v2i2.523.

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This paper provides and understanding on the utilization of sustainable resources in food packaging. It reviews the negative impacts of plastic and current sustainable materials that are used to substitute plastic in food packaging. In order to replace plastics, many researches have been done to surmount the issue and biodegradable materials such as cellulose, plant fibres, starch based, and any bio-based material have undergone research and experiments to achieve the plastic free food packaging. Moreover, there has been strength and weaknesses in every bio-based material that need to be considered such as its polymer structure and its ability to withstand the outside properties. Different composition and structure of the polymer from this bio-based material determine the shelf life of a food when they are used as the packaging and how it can affect the food. Lesser additives of chemicals used to support the polymer is better. However, much research is still needed in discovering which bio-based material is the most suitable to use as the permanent eco-friendly food packaging design.
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Dong, Yongjun, Wanqiang Zhu, Xueming Zhang, and Jingfu Guo. "Design of Special Plastic Bearings and Their Application in Renewable Energy Conversion System." Open Materials Science Journal 9, no. 1 (November 4, 2015): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01509010203.

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To improve the operational reliability of renewable energy conversion system, high-performance polymers and engineering plastics are used to make some parts and components of the energy conversion device, especially in the marine renewable energy generation field. In this article, special plastic bearings based on the material of polyoxymethylene (POM) were designed and applied in the power generation device of both tidal current energy and island wind energy. The properties of POM were analyzed, and the load of a POM ball was tested. Special structures of the plastic bearings were designed to meet the requirements of pressure resistance and to reduce the friction. These plastic bearings had been used in the prototypes of 20 kW tidal current turbine generation device and 15 kW island wind turbine generation device. According to the prototypes’ operation, the results indicate that these plastic bearings work well and are very suitable for the application in renewable energy conversion system. By optimizing the structure, such plastic bearings would be generalized and applied in the renewable energy generation device with a higher power level.
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Rosmanizan, Ida, and Fethma M. Nor. "Design and Fabrication of Plastic Compressor Machine for Plastic Waste." Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47355/aset.v1i2.19.

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This project work is on design and fabrication of a plastic compressor machine to compress plastic waste. The objective of this project is to help to reduce plastic waste mostly from domestically usage and turn into a paving brick that can be uses as decoration in a mini garden or walkway. This plastic compressor machine works using a modified old conventional oven to melt shredded plastic waste in a mould and let the melted plastic cooled and turned to a paving brick. The temperature to melt the shredded plastic waste of 450 grams is 250 degrees Celsius in 1 hour. The machine fabricated using recycled materials, which makes it cheap, easy to maintain and affordable.
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Pal, S. G., D. P. Bistriceanu, and V. Vornicu. "Design recommendation for thermal conductive plastic parts in automotive industry." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1262, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1262/1/012035.

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In this paper we will present a mechanical study made on the design of thermal conductive plastic parts. Out of our study derived new design rules that are useful for mechanical design engineers that have to create parts built from this type of materials. We used Catia V6 software for modelling the parts and ANSYS Moldflow software to simulate the behaviour of real components. The solutions resulted from our trials are improving the quality of the parts built from thermal conductive plastics. The test and simulation results lead us to new rules for designing screw domes and rivets for thermal conductive plastic parts and reducing warpage effect with 75% on this kind of parts.
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Hein, Carola. "THE GLOBAL PETROLEUMSCAPE AND ITS IMPACT ON DESIGN PRACTICE." Docomomo Journal, no. 66 (December 12, 2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/docomomo.66.01.

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Over the last century the petroleum industry’s rapid growth has been accompanied by a steady flow of aggressively promoted petroleum-based products. The petroleumscape’s spatial expansion and visual representation achieved widespread citizen buy-in. Following World War II the use of plastic materials in the building industry significantly increased through efforts from architects and industry leaders. The House of the Future, built by MIT architects, the Monsanto Chemical Company, and Disneyland exemplified a modern lifestyle: clean, functional, and fun. The architectural and technocratic dream of a mass-produced, fully plastic house that seemed possible in the post-war years did not survive the subsequent commercialisation of the plastics industry in the 1960s and 70s.
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Böröcz, Zsuzsanna. "COLLECTING PLASTICS IS COLLECTING DESIGN HISTORY." Docomomo Journal, no. 66 (December 12, 2022): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/docomomo.66.02.

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From the 1950’s onward, the myriad qualities of all plastic objects were praised without a second thought. This enthusiasm significantly delayed the awareness of their enormous impact and it took almost half a century to consider these objects a part of post-war culture. This essay aims to sketch the history of the appreciation of the relevance of plastics in the museum world, specifically as a part of design heritage, seen from the viewpoint of the collector and the conservator-restorer. The case of the Design Museum Brussels, established in 2015, shows how a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach on conservation can be developed to the benefit of our plastics heritage.
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42

Prata, Joana C., Ana L. Patrício Silva, João P. da Costa, Catherine Mouneyrac, Tony R. Walker, Armando C. Duarte, and Teresa Rocha-Santos. "Solutions and Integrated Strategies for the Control and Mitigation of Plastic and Microplastic Pollution." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (July 7, 2019): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132411.

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Plastic pollution is generated by the unsustainable use and disposal of plastic products in modern society, threatening economies, ecosystems, and human health. Current clean-up strategies have attempted to mitigate the negative effects of plastic pollution but are unable to compete with increasing quantities of plastic entering the environment. Thus, reducing inputs of plastic to the environment must be prioritized through a global multidisciplinary approach. Mismanaged waste is a major land-based source of plastic pollution that can be reduced through improvements in the life-cycle of plastics, especially in production, consumption, and disposal, through an Integrated Waste Management System. In this review paper, we discuss current practices to improve life cycle and waste management of plastics that can be implemented to reduce health and environmental impacts of plastics and reduce plastics pollution. Ten recommendations for stakeholders to reduce plastic pollution include (1) regulation of production and consumption; (2) eco-design; (3) increasing the demand for recycled plastics; (4) reducing the use of plastics; (5) use of renewable energy for recycling; (6) extended producer responsibility over waste; (7) improvements in waste collection systems; (8) prioritization of recycling; (9) use of bio-based and biodegradable plastics; and (10) improvement in recyclability of e-waste.
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Kedves, Botond, and Attila Gergely. "The Design of a Small-scale Granulate Producing Machine." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 11, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2019.11.22.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to present a granulate manufacturing machine that will be used for recycling plastics in a laboratory at the Sapientia University. In order to produce granulates of recycled plastics the plastic part has to be ground and then extruded. The extruded polymer filament then can be converted to granulates. We present the working principle, design steps, structure and 3D model of a small scale granulate producing machine with a cost-effective approach
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44

Kalidass, M., R. Mahavignesh, R. Arun, and S. Sekar. "Design and Fabrication of Water Bottle Wrapper Remover Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 854 (October 2016): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.854.87.

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This paper deals with an industrial problem of plastic wrapper removing. This trends to given a new innovation in the field of recycling. From this contribution all kind of water bottles having eligible to remove the unwanted labels for further reconstruction. Thus, this paper focus on the design of label wrapper machine to remove the PVC 38&40-Micron label around the specially shaped cool drinks bottles. The metal brush through the power of electric motor can remove the label effectively. Recycle process which plays virtual role in all over application but, reuse and recycle process is only thing of plastics application. However modern technology food and cool drinks are contain inside of plastics container. But, our aim is to be recycle the plastic without any additional of colour, odour and taste. Human source never fulfil maximum efficiency work. Hence, in this project which utilized new trends and reduce the human work for further implementation from its construction. Hence hear by the high power machine to solving the above issue with addition of metal brush to remove the labels constantly.
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45

Mascarenhas, W. N., C. H. Ahrens, and A. Ogliari. "Design criteria and safety factors for plastic components design." Materials & Design 25, no. 3 (May 2004): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2003.10.003.

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46

Adams, B. L., M. Lyon, and B. Henrie. "Microstructures by design: linear problems in elastic–plastic design." International Journal of Plasticity 20, no. 8-9 (August 2004): 1577–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.11.008.

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Dobránsky, Jozef, Luboš Bĕhálek, and Petr Baron. "Gate Location and its Impact to Flowing Characteristics of Plastic Moldings." Key Engineering Materials 669 (October 2015): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.669.36.

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Paper deals with simulation analysis of thermoplastic flowing in plastics product. As there is a demand in plastic products, plastic industries are growing in a fastest rate. Hence plastic injection molding process begins in manufacturing of complex shapes, in this process optimum gate location is one of the important criteria in mold design. Knowledge of ideal flow properties of thermoplastic materials give us a very good starting position for design of thermoplastics products which will be made by injection molding. By simulation software Plastic Advisor was compared injection parameters for the mold with varying gate locations. Simulated thermoplastic product is made from polycarbonate and is using for the drum washing machine as console window.
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Neamtu, Calin, Paul Bere, Corina Dobocan, Rares Ghinea, and Sergiu Solcan. "Mold Design for Polystyrene Plastic Anchor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 808 (November 2015): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.808.143.

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The paper presents the entire process of designing and optimizing an injection mold for a polystyrene plastic anchor. The design process begins with a comprehensive market study of the polystyrene plastic anchors available on the Romanian market, and the results of this study are then used for the creation of a new model of anchor. After this first stage of design, the resulted model is optimized in terms of the injection process using the simulation software Autodesk Moldflow Adviser. After establishing the final form of the polystyrene plastic anchor, the mold is designed in Catia V5 using a series of standardized components. Manufacturing set-up is done in Catia V5 and Cimatron. In the end, the validation of the mold is performed using the injection machine Haitian Mars 2-2500.
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Krabbenhoft, Kristian. "Plastic design of embedded retaining walls." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering 172, no. 2 (April 2019): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.17.00151.

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50

Kim, Sun-Young. "Plastic Material for Interior Product Design." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2007): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2007.7.11.182.

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