Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plastic design

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Plastic design'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Plastic design"

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Halim, Wandy, and Franky Liauw. "GALERI EDUKASI PLASTIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE PERANCANGAN PLASTIS." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12297.

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In human life, waste is a problem that will inevitably become, and will never end. This waste problem is caused by high human consumptive behavior. Plastic waste is one of the waste problems that need serious attention because the problem of plastic waste has become a global environmental problem. To be able to overcome this large plastic waste, it takes speed in absorbing plastic waste and its use in the field of processing because plastic waste is waste that is very difficult to decompose. In Indonesia, public awareness and knowledge of plastic waste are still very lacking, so that the processing of plastic waste is still not optimal. RE-Plastic Gallery is a plastic educational gallery facility that applies the plastis design method. This plastis design method takes the nature of the plastic itself, namely plastis which means it is easy to form. With this plastis nature, plastis forms, plastis spaces, and plastis activities will be applied to the design of educational galleries. People's view of plastic waste will be changed through interactive exhibition activities, ranging from exhibitions on what plastic is, the impact of plastic on the environment, plastic artworks, plastic products, to research results on plastics aimed at fighting plastic waste. That way, people who initially dispose of plastic waste will hunt for plastic waste because they are aware that plastic is useful, valuable, profitable, and also fun.Keywords: educational gallery; plastic; plastis design method AbstrakDalam kehidupan manusia di dunia, permasalahan sampah merupakan permasalahan yang pasti akan dialami, dan tidak akan pernah ada habisnya. Permasalahan sampah ini disebabkan oleh tingginya perilaku konsumtif manusia. Sampah plastik merupakan salah satu masalah sampah yang perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius karena masalah sampah plastik ini sudah menjadi masalah lingkungan skala global. Untuk dapat mengatasi sampah plastik yang besar ini, dibutuhkan kecepatan dalam menyerap sampah plastik dan pemanfaatannya dalam bidang pengolahan karena sampah plastik merupakan sampah yang sangat sulit untuk terurai. Di Indonesia, kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat akan sampah plastik masih sangatlah kurang, sehingga pengolahan sampah plastik ini masih belum maksimal. RE-Plastic Gallery merupakan fasilitas galeri edukasi plastik yang menerapkan metode perancangan plastis. Metode perancangan plastis ini mengambil sifat dari plastik itu sendiri yaitu plastis yang berarti mudah untuk dibentuk. Dengan sifat plastis ini, akan diterapkan bentuk yang plastis, ruang yang plastis, dan kegiatan yang plastis pada desain galeri edukasi. Pandangan masyarakat mengenai sampah plastik akan diubah melalui kegiatan pameran yang interaktif, mulai dari pameran mengenai apa itu plastik, dampak plastik ke lingkungan, karya-karya seni plastik, produk-produk plastik, hingga hasil-hasil penelitian mengenai plastik yang bertujuan untuk memerangi sampah plastik. Dengan begitu masyarakat yang pada awalnya membuang sampah plastik akan memburu sampah plastik, karena tersadarkan bahwa plastik itu sebenarnya bermanfaat, berharga, menguntungkan, dan juga menyenangkan.
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Ishikawa, Masaru. "Plastic Product Design." Seikei-Kakou 20, no. 11 (October 20, 2008): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.20.783.

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Du Bois, Els, Dirk Van Gogh, Lore Veelaert, and Karine Van Doorsselaer. "Design Against the Plastic Soup - The Effect of Small Product Designs in Sustainable Design Education." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.327.

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AbstractPlastics are ubiquitous in our daily life due to their versatile characteristics, however, these excellent characteristics also contributed to the emergence of a gigantic garbage of floating plastics in our ocean, called the plastic soup. Within this research project we investigated the opportunities by design to cope with this wicked problem. The hypothesis is that picking small opportunities in a wicked problem can have a large impact on the related ecosystem. In addition, we also wanted to investigate how design students would deal with the problem to create larger awareness of the designers' impact and responsibility. Although there is no ideal answer to a systemic problem such as the plastic soup, intervening on systems is possible. As the characteristics of a product directly influence the way the entire value chain works, designers have a large responsibility / opportunity to influence the system. An experiment was executed with 69 design students to explore the opportunities. The resulting design concepts were discussed by experts, reasoning towards relationships, needs to elaborate the design practices, and ecodesign education in a circular economy.
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Zhang, Haigang, Yilin Hou, Wenjin Zhao, and Hui Na. "Control Strategies of Plastic Biodegradation through Adjusting Additives Ratios Using In Silico Approaches Associated with Proportional Factorial Experimental Design." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 5670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095670.

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Plastics, as a polymer material, have long been a source of environmental concern. This paper uses polystyrene plastics as the research object, and the relative contribution of each component of plastic additives to plastic degradation is screened using the molecular dynamics method. The factorial experimental design method is combined with molecular dynamics simulation to adjust the additive composition scheme, analyze the mechanism of interaction between the additive components, and select the plastic additive combination that is most readily absorbed and degraded by microorganisms. Seven different types of plastic additives, including plasticizers, antioxidants, light and heat stabilizers, flame retardants, lubricants, and fillers, are chosen as external stimuli affecting the biodegradability of plastics. Using molecular dynamics simulation technology, it is demonstrated that plastic additives can promote the biodegradability of plastics. The factorial experimental design analysis revealed that all plastic additives can promote plastic biodegradation and plasticizer is the most favorable factor affecting plastic degradation, that hydrophobicity interactions are the primary reason for enhancing plastic degradation, and that screening No. 116–45 (plasticizer A, light stabilizer C, flame retardant E) is the most advantageous combination of biodegradable plastic additives. The plastic biodegradation effect regulation scheme proposed in this study is based on optimizing the proportion of additive components. To continue research on aquatic biodegradable plastics, the optimal combination of plastic components that can be absorbed and degraded by microorganisms is recommended.
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Sardare, Mohit Milind, and Vaibhav Bankar. "Design of Family Mould Tool for Plastic Box." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd14245.

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Hsiung, Wei, Song Young, and Zhi Bin Xie. "Research on an Integrated Plastics Product Design Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.693.

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With continuous development of macromolecule technology and great invention of advanced materials with high quality, plastic parts are widely applied in the areas like aerospace, mechanism and medical instruments. However, the design methods of plastics are still restricted in many aspects. This paper proposes an integrated method for plastic product design, which has been demonstrated by a case study as feasible and effective.
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Chval, Zdenek, Karel Raz, and Frantisek Sedlacek. "Design of Injection Mold from Plastic Material." Key Engineering Materials 847 (June 2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.847.75.

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This paper deals with the use of plastics for making injection molds. Mold production times reduced by 90% and costs cut by up to 75% are some of the benefits of prototype molds from plastic materials. Today, materials with melt temperatures above 300 °C are used for plastic molds. They include ABS, PE, PP and PA. In this study, testing of high-temperature resin from Formlabs was performed. Compression and tensile test data are compared with the datasheet values and with virtual simulations. The tests were carried out at different temperatures. Based on their results, one can identify a suitable molding process with molds from this material.
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Tres, Paul A. "Improper Plastic Rim Design." Macromolecular Symposia 389, no. 1 (February 2020): 1900096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201900096.

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Raucent, B., Ch Nederlandt, and D. A. Johnson. "Plastic snapfit fastener design." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 14, no. 3 (March 1998): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01188414.

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Imaekhai, Lawrence. "Design and Fabrication of a Plastic Film Granulating Machine." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v1i2.27.

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Plastic film granulating machine is an industrial machine used for reducing plastic materials, mostly for grinding plastic into granules of uniform sizes for further processing either into new plastic shapes or recycled back to its parental source. This paper presents the use of locally sourced materials for realising the same machine; reducing its size and cost, while maintaining high efficiency, as well as decrease in vibration and increased shear efficiency with uniform size of granules. The machine consists of the hopper, the grinding chamber in which contains the shaft and cutting blades with a discharge unit. The plastic film granulator has a capacity of granulating 1kg of recycled plastic in 1h at 75% efficiency, a working revolution of 3000rpm, and power rating of 5.5hp engine. The machine works by principle of shearing, power is transferred from the motor to the granulating shaft with the aid of a transmission coupler that connects them. The inlet plastics are granulated until the desired size is achieved, small enough to pass through the discharge screen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plastic design"

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Kaartinen, Johanna. "A Checklist for Plastic Product Design: Preventing Pitfalls in a Design Process and Premature Failures of Plastic Products." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9683.

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Designing an injection molded plastic part requires optimizing the part with respect to various stakeholders’ needs throughout its life cycle. The conditions in which a product is operating in service are often inadequately understood or specified, resulting in wrong material selection, which in turn leads to failure when the product is used. Many aspects interrelate with the initial part design and the essential rules of each should be taken into account to ensure a well-functioning plastic product. Regardless, a part design often passes sequentially from concept development to the manufacturing phase with features that unnecessarily complicate production, add costs and weaken the intended embodiment of the product. Therefore, a checklist was developed to ensure that oversights do not happen and verify that a design fulfills the requirements set for it. The commissioning company in the project was the design office Sytyte Oy. The aim of this thesis work was to investigate the effects of design decisions on the product’s feasibility and performance in service. The study focused on the underlying reasons for failures in plastic products, failure phenomena and ways of preventing them. The project started with literature research. To support the theoretical review, a small-scale survey was conducted among operators in plastic industry in Finland to strengthen the outcome of the project. The findings from the research were compiled into a checklist. The approach into the list was adopted from the FMEA method aiming to create a stripped-down version of it. The result offers a tool for anticipating and spotting possible failures by bringing up the influences that most frequently affect the part performance. It contributes to preventing delays in processing and premature failures in service. The checklist was verified by specialist consultation to receive suggestions and requirements for improvements and to ensure its reliability.
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Nilsson, Ola, and Ronny Winquist. "Design of an integrated plastic device." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2542.

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Midkiff, Corey J. "Plastic voided slab systems: applications and design." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16874.

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Master of Science
Department of Architectural Engineering
Kimberly Waggle Kramer
Reinforced concrete slabs are one of the most common components in modern building construction. Reinforced concrete slabs with plastic voids slabs are a new and innovative type of structural, concrete slab system developed to allow for lighter self-weight of the structure while maintaining similar load carrying capacity of a solid slab. Plastic voided slabs are capable of reducing the amount of concrete necessary to construct a building by 30 percent or more. This reduction can be beneficial in terms of financial savings as well as building performance. This report examines a two-way, reinforced concrete slab with plastic voids construction in comparison to traditional flat plate reinforced concrete slab construction. The design process for plastic voided slabs is directly compared with traditional two-way flat plate reinforced concrete slabs through a design comparison of typical bays of 20’ by 20’ (6m by 6m), 25’ by 25’ (7.6m by 7.6m), 30’ by 30’ (9m by 9m) and 35’ by 35’ (10.7m by 10.7m). The traditional slab design process follows the ACI 318-11 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete chapter 13 Direct Design Method, while the plastic voided slab design process is modified from the BubbleDeck Design Guide for compliance with BCA using AS3600 and EC2. Sizes of traditional slab bays are compared to sizes of plastic voided slab bays. Results of the comparison study are presented.
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Slaughter, Andrew Edward. "Design and fatigue of a structural wood-plastic composite." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2004/a%5Fslaughter%5F072704.pdf.

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Masuku, Eric S. "Intelligent CAD mould design for injection moulding." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323605.

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Tam, Thomas Kam-Hung. "Computer methods for optimal plastic design of frames." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317120.

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Buys, Alexander George. "Performance evaluation of aluminium alloy 7075 for use in tool design for the plastic industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1246.

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Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.
The objective of this project was to measure the performance of high-strength aluminium alloys as injection mould material compared against conventionally used tool steel.
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Leinster, James Carson. "The design of steel frames using plastic theory." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277487.

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Noteware, Madison Leigh. "Application of plastic design in steel table shelters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111520.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2017."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 59-62).
One of the initial applications of plastic theory of structures was the Morrison Shelter, an indoor air raid shelter designed by John Fleetwood Baker (1901 - 1985) during the Second World War to protect British civilians from unrelenting German air raids. Baker integrated his previous work on plasticity of steel frames into the design of Morrison shelters that employed ductility and continuity, which are key principles of plastic theory. Although Morrison Shelters have been praised for their life saving capability and use of plastic theory, a technical analysis of its design process has been lacking from the historical record. To explore the use of plasticity in the Morrison Shelter's design process, the Baker Papers stored in the Churchill Archives Centre were searched. From these materials, the impact of plasticity on the efficiency of steel frames was critically investigated. This study quantifies the savings in steel due to the use of plastic theory in the design of the Morrison Shelter. The value of savings, which was particularly significant during wartime scarcity, has been previously stated without showing technical verification. The Morrison Shelter's design objectives are still relevant today, particularly in developing nations where the use of plasticity to design steel table-shelters can protect school children in areas of high seismic vulnerability by providing shelters in the form of lightweight steel-framed school desks. The investigation of the concise, plastic calculations used to design the Morrison Shelter serve as inspiration for replication in future applications that need lightweight, simple structures that expect to experience impact loads.
by Madison Leigh Noteware.
M. Eng.
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Zhu, Yan. "Rational design of plastic packaging for alcoholic beverages." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA020.

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La perception des emballages alimentaires est passée d’utile à source majeure de contaminants dans les aliments et menace pour l’environnement. La substitution du verre par des con-tenants en plastiques recyclés ou biosourcés réduit l’impact environnemental des boissons embouteillées. La thèse a développé de nouveaux outils de simulation 3D et d’optimisation pour accélérer le prototypage des emballages éco-efficaces pour les boissons alcoolisées. La durée de conservation des boissons, la sécurité sanitaire des matériaux plastiques recyclés, les contraintes mécaniques, et la quantité de déchets sont considérées comme un seul problème d'optimisation multicritères. Les nouvelles bouteilles sont générées virtuellement et itérativement en trois étapes comprenant : i) une [E]valuation multiéchelle des transferts de masse couplés ; ii) une étape de [D]écision validant les contraintes techniques (forme, capacité, poids) et réglementaires (durée de conservation, migrations); iii) une étape globale de ré[S]olution recherchant des solutions de Pareto acceptables. La capacité de prédire la durée de vie des liqueurs dans des conditions réelles a été testée avec succès sur environ 500 miniatures en PET (polyéthylène téréphtalate) sur plusieurs mois. L’ensemble de l’approche a été conçu pour gérer tout transfert de matière couplé (perméation, sorption, migration). La sorption mutuelle est prise en compte via une formulation polynaire de Flory-Huggins. Une formulation gros grain de la théorie des volumes libres de Vrentas et Duda a été développée pour prédire les propriétés de diffusion dans les polymères vitreux de l’eau et des solutés organiques dans des polymères arbitraires (polyesters, polyamides, polyvinyles, polyoléfines). 409 diffusivités issues de la littérature ou mesurées ont été utilisée pour validation. La contribution de la relaxation du PET vitreux a été analysée par sorption différentielle (binaire et ternaire) de 25 à 50 °C. Une partie du code source sera partagé afin d'encourager l'intégration de davantage de paramètres affectant la durée de conservation des boissons et des produits alimentaires (cinétique d'oxydation, piégeage d'arômes)
The view of plastic food packaging turned from useful to a major source of contaminants in food and an environmental threat. Substituting glass by recycled or biosourced plastic containers reduces environmental impacts for bottled beverages. The thesis developed a 3D computational and optimization framework to accelerate the prototyping of eco-efficient packaging for alcoholic beverages. Shelf-life, food safety, mechanical constraints, and packaging wastes are considered into a single multicriteria optimization problem. New bottles are virtually generated within an iterative three steps process involving: i) a multiresolution [E]valuation of coupled mass transfer; ii) a [D]ecision step validating technical (shape, capacity, weight) and regulatory (shelf-life, migrations) constraints; iii) a global [Solving] step seeking acceptable Pareto solutions. The capacity to predict shelf-life of liquors in real conditions was tested successfully on ca. 500 hundred bottle min iatures in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) over several months. The entire approach has been designed to manage any coupled mass transfer (permeation, sorption, migration). Mutual sorption is considered via polynary Flory-Huggins formulation. A blob formulation of the free-volume theory of Vrentas and Duda was developed to predict the diffusion properties in glassy polymers of water and organic solutes in arbitrary polymers (polyesters, polyamides, polyvinyls, polyolefins). The validation set included 433 experimental diffusivities from literature and measured in this work. The contribution of polymer relaxation in glassy PET was analyzed in binary and ternary differential sorption using a cosorption microbalance from 25 to 50°C. Part of the framework will be released as an open-source project to encourage the integration of more factors affecting the shelf-life of beverages and food products (oxidation kinetics, aroma scalping)
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Books on the topic "Plastic design"

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Morris, L. J. Plastic design. Ascot: Steel Construction Institute, 1986.

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Morello, Augusto. Plastic and design. Milano: Arcadia, 1988.

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Campbell, Paul D. Q. Plastic component design. New York: Industrial Press, 1996.

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Heyman, Jacques. Plastic design of frames. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, ed. Engineering plastics and plastic composites in automotive applications. Warrendale, Pa: SAE International, 2009.

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Plastic. Crans-Pr`es-Céligny, Switzerland: RotoVision, 2001.

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Raiteri, Daniele, Eugenio Cantatore, and Arthur H. M. van Roermund. Circuit Design on Plastic Foils. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11427-9.

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Miroslav, Škaloud, and Tocháček Miloslav, eds. Plastic design of steel structures. Chichester [West Sussex]: E. Horwood, 1987.

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Schaub, Michael P. The design of plastic optical systems. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press, 2009.

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The design of plastic optical systems. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plastic design"

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Moser, Richard. "Design of the Measurement Device." In Plastic Tests Plastics, 39–70. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10530-3_3.

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Nørregård-Rasmussen, Asger, Malte Hertz-Jansen, and Felicitas Schmittinger. "Maker—Plastic In, Plastic Out: Circular Economy and Local Production." In Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 57–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78733-2_6.

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AbstractRecognising the lack of local and economically accessible facilities, technologies, and public engagement in local recycling, the chapter tackles the challenge of introducing Circular Economy to cope with plastic waste in Copenhagen. The need for circular systemic innovation and holistic production models for recycling plastics led to consider how local micro entrepreneurs, SMEs, commercial resellers and citizens can collaborate for a common, sustainable goal. The chapter presents ‘Plastic In, Plastic Out’ (PIPO), a Circular system for local sourcing, recycling and production of sustainable plastic building materials and products.
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Rosato, Dominick V., Donald V. Rosato, and Marlene G. Rosato. "Plastic Processing." In Plastics Design Handbook, 435–566. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1399-5_8.

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Birley, A. W., R. J. Heath, and M. J. Scott. "Fundamentals of design." In Plastic Materials, 23–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7614-9_2.

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Bernardi, Emily, Taylor Drake, Gabriela Guerrero, Jessica Hische, Denis Kochedykov, Marissa Lang, Matthew Mazzarella, et al. "Cover Design." In No Plastic Sleeves, 34–65. Third edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429055102-3.

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Kazmer, David O. "Plastic Part Design." In Injection Mold Design Engineering, 23–59. 3rd ed. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569908921.002.

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Kazmer, David O. "Plastic Part Design." In Injection Mold Design Engineering, 21–42. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569905715.002.

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Kazmer, David O. "Plastic Part Design." In Injection Mold Design Engineering, 17–35. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446434196.002.

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Rosato, Dominick V., Donald V. Rosato, and Marlene G. Rosato. "Designing Plastic Product." In Plastics Design Handbook, 204–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1399-5_4.

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Jaroschek, Christoph. "Plastic Parts." In Design of Injection Molded Plastic Parts, 1–56. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569908945.001.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plastic design"

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Lindström, Kristina, and Åsa Ståhl. "Plastic imaginaries." In PDC '16: The 14th Participatory Design Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2948076.2948117.

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Marshall, Ian. "Molded plastic lens design." In Optical Instrumentation & Systems Design, edited by Joseph J. M. Braat. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.246717.

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Carmichael, Rory, and Donald Mackenzie. "Elastic-Plastic Design by Analysis for Gross Plastic Collapse." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25428.

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An investigation of the ASME VIII Div 2 elastic-plastic stress analysis method for protection against plastic collapse is presented. Four example configurations are considered and calculated design pressures are compared with values determined by alternative procedures based on limit analysis and bilinear hardening/the twice elastic slope criterion. It is found that the ASME VIII Div 2 procedure does not generally lead to evaluation of higher design pressures than the alternative approaches. In an example configuration demonstrating significant geometric strengthening, the allowable load is limited by the local strain criterion and in practice user-defined service criteria would be applied to limit permanent deformation under design conditions. In two example configurations that failed through membrane action, the evaluated design pressure was found to be less than that based on limit analysis. These initial results indicate that the more complex elastic-plastic stress analysis used in the ASME VIII Div 2 method does not necessarily lead to evaluation of higher design loads than alternative design routes. Further studies are required to determine the general circumstances in which the more complex analysis method is advantageous in design.
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Symonds, P. S., and Jae-Yeong Lee. "Fractal Dimensions in Elastic-Plastic Beam Dynamics." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0285.

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Abstract The final midpoint displacement of a two-degree-of-freedom beam model subjected to a short pulse of transverse loading may be either in the direction of the initial impulse or in the opposite (“negative”) direction, when moderately small plastic deformations occur. In the range where chaotic vibrations occur, the result depends with great sensitivity on the impulse magnitude. Considering a pulse of duration 0.5 × 10−3 sec, 100 calculations have been made for pulse forces P starting at 2500 N and increasing by increments of 2.0, 10−2, 10−4, and 10−6 N. It is found that the proportion and distribution of negative final displacements remain, on average, the same, independent of the size of the force increment. A fractal dimension representing a self-similarity property is calculated for the four choices of the force increment, and is found to be approximately 0.78 in each case. A correlation fractal dimension is also computed for undamped responses.
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Baumer, Stefan M. B., Wim A. G. Timmers, Mark Krichever, and Vladimir Gurevich. "Temperature-compensated plastic lens for visible light." In Optical Systems Design and Production, edited by Fritz Merkle. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.360028.

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Chandra, Vijay, and John S. Kim. "World's First Recycled Plastic Bridges." In International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction (ICSDC) 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41204(426)72.

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Harrigan, M. J. "Design Considerations for Plastic Fuel Lines." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/880683.

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Bruijn, E., J. D. Terpstra, A. M. Gresnigt, and W. F. Molenaar. "Plastic Design of Flexible Breasting Dolphins." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67552.

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In the development of design methods for single-pile flexible dolphins used for the berthing of bulk carriers, the design stress has been gradually increased to the yield stress to employ the elastic energy absorption capacity of the pile more optimally. In recent guidelines, e.g. EAU 1996 [3] and PIANC 2002 [5], also the plastic yielding capacity is implicitly or explicitly included in the ultimate load-bearing capacity. This movement towards plastic design is not accompanied by the development of calculation models and design criteria to assess the plastic load-bearing capacity and relevant failure modes such as local buckling and ovalisation of the cross-section. To investigate the nonlinear load-deflection behaviour of a dolphin, a numerical model was developed based on the Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) method [7] and extended for the plastic range of the steel pile using plasticity theory, which has been verified and confirmed by FEM analysis. The resulting Bruijn model enables the assessment of the elastic and plastic load-bearing capacity in terms of energy absorption including all significant failure modes, resulting in an improved assessment of the safety against failure and allowing more optimal designs. Case study calculations with the Bruijn model show that buckling, and to a lesser degree ovalisation, are significant failure modes for a diameter-wall thickness (D/t) ratio of 62 and 83, and should therefore be included in the design guidelines. The use of the plastic yielding capacity is limited to a low diameter-wall thickness ratio (about 40), where an increase in the elastic energy absorption capacity of up to 1,37 times the original elastic energy absorption capacity can be obtained after some plastic yielding. At a larger D/t ratio the buckling sensitivity reduces the advantages of plastic design.
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de Aguiar, João Batista. "PLASTIC BICYCLE FRAME DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION." In XI Congresso Nacional de Engenharia Mecânica - CONEM 2022. ABCM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.conem2022.con22-0804.

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Naughton, P., P. Shembekar, A. Lokhande, K. Kauffman, S. Rathod, and G. Malunjkar. "Eco-Friendly Automotive Plastic Seat Design." In SIAT 2009. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-26-0087.

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Reports on the topic "Plastic design"

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Barashkov, N., N. Korotkikh, T. Novikova, F. Markley, A. Pla-Dalmau, G. Foster, and M. Rivard. Design of new polymers to improve radiation stability of plastic scintillators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133307.

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Border, P., H. Courant, K. Heller, A. Jones, J. Lin, D. Maxam, and K. Ruddick. Conceptual design for muon detectors using resistive plastic tubes. Final technical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/629447.

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Plaschkes, Michael, and Kibutz Magen. IEA-SHC Task 39 INFO Sheet B14 - Ideas for design and manufacturing of plastic storage tanks. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task39-2015-0014.

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Messner, Mark C., and T. L. Sham. Initial development and verification of a primary load design method based on elastic-perfectly plastic analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1641393.

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Dugan, Jeffery L. Composite Monopack for 120mm Mortar, With Plastic Pallet Adapters on a 42" x 53" Wooden Pallet, MIL-STD-1660 Tests, "Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads", and Extreme Temperature Tests. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada438266.

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Cox, Benjamin, Nolan Hoffman, and Thomas Carr. Evaluation of a prototype integrated pavement screed for screeding asphalt or concrete crater repairs. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45406.

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Finishing, or screeding, the hot mix asphalt or rapid-setting concrete surface of a crater repair is important for rapid airfield damage recovery (RADR) since it determines the aircraft ride surface quality. The objective of RADR repairs is to expediently produce a flush repair, defined as ±0.75 in. of the surrounding pavement surface, with minimal logistical and personnel burden. Multiple screeds were previously evaluated; the most recent project proposed a prototype design of a telehandler-operated integrated screed for both small and large repairs using asphalt or concrete. This project’s objective was to finalize the prototype design and fabricate and test the prototype RADR screed. The prototype RADR screed was successful for small repairs (8.5×8.5 ft). Large repairs (30×30 ft) were generally successful with modest repair quality criteria (RQC) issues being the only notable deficiencies. Large concrete repair RQC issues were attributed to plastic formwork movement, and large asphalt repair RQC issues were attributed to compaction issues or improper roll-down factors. Methods to mitigate these factors were investigated but should be further evaluated. Overall, the RADR screed was successful from technical perspectives but, functionally, is 600-800 lb overweight. Weight reduction should be considered before entering production.
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Whisler, Daniel, Rafael Gomez Consarnau, and Ryan Coy. Novel Eco-Friendly, Recycled Composites for Improved CA Road Surfaces. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2046.

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The continued use of structural plastics in consumer products, industry, and transportation represents a potential source for durable, long lasting, and recyclable roadways. Costs to dispose of reinforced plastics can be similar to procuring new asphalt with mechanical performance exceeding that of the traditional road surface. This project examines improved material development times by leveraging advanced computational material models based on validated experimental data. By testing traditional asphalt and select carbon and glass reinforced composites, both new and recycled, it is possible to develop a finite element simulation that can predict the material characteristics under a number of loads virtually, and with less lead time compared to experimental testing. From the tested specimens, composites show minimal strength degradation when recycled and used within the asphalt design envelopes considered, with an average of 49% less wear, two orders of magnitude higher compressive strength, and three orders for tensile strength. Predictive computational analysis using the validated material models developed for this investigation confirms the long-term durability.
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Tao, Yang, Amos Mizrach, Victor Alchanatis, Nachshon Shamir, and Tom Porter. Automated imaging broiler chicksexing for gender-specific and efficient production. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594391.bard.

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Extending the previous two years of research results (Mizarch, et al, 2012, Tao, 2011, 2012), the third year’s efforts in both Maryland and Israel were directed towards the engineering of the system. The activities included the robust chick handling and its conveyor system development, optical system improvement, online dynamic motion imaging of chicks, multi-image sequence optimal feather extraction and detection, and pattern recognition. Mechanical System Engineering The third model of the mechanical chick handling system with high-speed imaging system was built as shown in Fig. 1. This system has the improved chick holding cups and motion mechanisms that enable chicks to open wings through the view section. The mechanical system has achieved the speed of 4 chicks per second which exceeds the design specs of 3 chicks per second. In the center of the conveyor, a high-speed camera with UV sensitive optical system, shown in Fig.2, was installed that captures chick images at multiple frames (45 images and system selectable) when the chick passing through the view area. Through intensive discussions and efforts, the PIs of Maryland and ARO have created the protocol of joint hardware and software that uses sequential images of chick in its fall motion to capture opening wings and extract the optimal opening positions. This approached enables the reliable feather feature extraction in dynamic motion and pattern recognition. Improving of Chick Wing Deployment The mechanical system for chick conveying and especially the section that cause chicks to deploy their wings wide open under the fast video camera and the UV light was investigated along the third study year. As a natural behavior, chicks tend to deploy their wings as a mean of balancing their body when a sudden change in the vertical movement was applied. In the latest two years, this was achieved by causing the chicks to move in a free fall, in the earth gravity (g) along short vertical distance. The chicks have always tended to deploy their wing but not always in wide horizontal open situation. Such position is requested in order to get successful image under the video camera. Besides, the cells with checks bumped suddenly at the end of the free falling path. That caused the chicks legs to collapse inside the cells and the image of wing become bluer. For improving the movement and preventing the chick legs from collapsing, a slowing down mechanism was design and tested. This was done by installing of plastic block, that was printed in a predesign variable slope (Fig. 3) at the end of the path of falling cells (Fig.4). The cells are moving down in variable velocity according the block slope and achieve zero velocity at the end of the path. The slop was design in a way that the deacceleration become 0.8g instead the free fall gravity (g) without presence of the block. The tests showed better deployment and wider chick's wing opening as well as better balance along the movement. Design of additional sizes of block slops is under investigation. Slops that create accelerations of 0.7g, 0.9g, and variable accelerations are designed for improving movement path and images.
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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Ashraf Alrajhi, Egemen Okte, Hasan Ozer, and Imad Al-Qadi. Truck-Platooning Impacts on Flexible Pavements: Experimental and Mechanistic Approaches. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-038.

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Truck platoons are expected to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption. However, their use is projected to accelerate pavement damage due to channelized-load application (lack of wander) and potentially reduced duration between truck-loading applications (reduced rest period). The effect of wander on pavement damage is well documented, while relatively few studies are available on the effect of rest period on pavement permanent deformation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the impact of rest period theoretically, using a numerical method, and experimentally, using laboratory testing. A 3-D finite-element (FE) pavement model was developed and run to quantify the effect of rest period. Strain recovery and accumulation were predicted by fitting Gaussian mixture models to the strain values computed from the FE model. The effect of rest period was found to be insignificant for truck spacing greater than 10 ft. An experimental program was conducted, and several asphalt concrete (AC) mixes were considered at various stress levels, temperatures, and rest periods. Test results showed that AC deformation increased with rest period, irrespective of AC-mix type, stress level, and/or temperature. This observation was attributed to a well-documented hardening–relaxation mechanism, which occurs during AC plastic deformation. Hence, experimental and FE-model results are conflicting due to modeling AC as a viscoelastic and the difference in the loading mechanism. A shift model was developed by extending the time–temperature superposition concept to incorporate rest period, using the experimental data. The shift factors were used to compute the equivalent number of cycles for various platoon scenarios (truck spacings or rest period). The shift model was implemented in AASHTOware pavement mechanic–empirical design (PMED) guidelines for the calculation of rutting using equivalent number of cycles.
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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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