Journal articles: 'Plasmonic potentials'

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Zhuo, Liqiang, Huiru He, Ruimin Huang, Zhi Li, Weibin Qiu, Fengjiang Zhuang, Shaojian Su, Zhili Lin, Beiju Huang, and Qiang Kan. "Flat band of Kagome lattice in graphene plasmonic crystals." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 6 (November 2, 2021): 065106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac30fe.

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Abstract We propose graphene plasmonic crystals (GPCs) with a Kagome lattice, and investigate the properties of the flat band (FB) in the plasmonic system. By modulating the arrangement of the chemical potentials, a FB is obtained. Furthermore, the authenticity of the FB is confirmed by comparing the band structures and the eigen field distributions obtained from using the tight-binding modeled Hamiltonian with numerical calculations. The proposed Kagome-type GPCs could be of great significance for the study of novel effects in strong interaction systems in the field of plasmonics.

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Tatsuma, Tetsu, and Hiroyasu Nishi. "Plasmonic hole ejection involved in plasmon-induced charge separation." Nanoscale Horizons 5, no. 4 (2020): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nh00649d.

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Hot hole ejection from the resonance sites of plasmonic nanoparticles on a semiconductor or an electrode enables oxidation at more positive potentials, output of higher voltage, and site-selective photo-oxidation beyond the diffraction limit.

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Yan, Siqi, Xiaolong Zhu, Jianji Dong, Yunhong Ding, and Sanshui Xiao. "2D materials integrated with metallic nanostructures: fundamentals and optoelectronic applications." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (April 17, 2020): 1877–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0074.

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AbstractDue to their novel electronic and optical properties, atomically thin layered two-dimensional (2D) materials are becoming promising to realize novel functional optoelectronic devices including photodetectors, modulators, and lasers. However, light–matter interactions in 2D materials are often weak because of the atomic-scale thickness, thus limiting the performances of these devices. Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmon polaritons show strong ability to concentrate light within subwavelength region, opening thereby new avenues for strengthening the light–matter interactions and miniaturizing the devices. This review starts to present how to use metallic nanostructures to enhance light–matter interactions in 2D materials, mainly focusing on photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and nonlinearities of 2D materials. In addition, an overview of ultraconfined acoustic-like plasmons in hybrid graphene–metal structures is given, discussing the nonlocal response and quantum mechanical features of the graphene plasmons and metals. Then, the review summarizes the latest development of 2D material–based optoelectronic devices integrated with plasmonic nanostructures. Both off-chip and on-chip devices including modulators and photodetectors are discussed. The potentials of hybrid 2D materials plasmonic optoelectronic devices are finally summarized, giving the future research directions for applications in optical interconnects and optical communications.

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Mildner, Matthias, Andreas Horrer, Monika Fleischer, Claus Zimmermann, and Sebastian Slama. "Plasmonic trapping potentials for cold atoms." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 51, no. 13 (June 12, 2018): 135005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/aac5ac.

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Popov, Vyacheslav V. "Plasmonic Devices for Detection of Terahertz Radiation." Siberian Journal of Physics 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2010-5-4-140-146.

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Physics of plasma oscillations and basic principles of plasmonic detection of terahertz radiation in FET structures with two-dimensional electron channels are discussed. Plasmonic devices are practically attractive because they are extremely fast and electrically tunable through the entire terahertz frequency band by changing electric potentials at metal contacts of the device

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Zhuo, Liqiang, Huiru He, Ruimin Huang, Shaojian Su, Zhili Lin, Weibin Qiu, Beiju Huang, and Qiang Kan. "Group Velocity Modulation and Light Field Focusing of the Edge States in Chirped Valley Graphene Plasmonic Metamaterials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071808.

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The valley degree of freedom, like the spin degree of freedom in spintronics, is regarded as a new information carrier, promoting the emerging valley photonics. Although there exist topologically protected valley edge states which are immune to optical backscattering caused by defects and sharp edges at the inverse valley Hall phase interfaces composed of ordinary optical dielectric materials, the dispersion and the frequency range of the edge states cannot be tuned once the geometrical parameters of the materials are determined. In this paper, we propose a chirped valley graphene plasmonic metamaterial waveguide composed of the valley graphene plasmonic metamaterials (VGPMs) with regularly varying chemical potentials while keeping the geometrical parameters constant. Due to the excellent tunability of graphene, the proposed waveguide supports group velocity modulation and zero group velocity of the edge states, where the light field of different frequencies focuses at different specific locations. The proposed structures may find significant applications in the fields of slow light, micro–nano-optics, topological plasmonics, and on-chip light manipulation.

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Di Martino, G., V. A. Turek, C. Tserkezis, A. Lombardi, A. Kuhn, and J. J. Baumberg. "Plasmonic response and SERS modulation in electrochemical applied potentials." Faraday Discussions 205 (2017): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00130d.

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We study the optical response of individual nm-wide plasmonic nanocavities using a nanoparticle-on-mirror design utilised as an electrode in an electrochemical cell. In this geometry Au nanoparticles are separated from a bulk Au film by an ultrathin molecular spacer, giving intense and stable Raman amplification of 100 molecules. Modulation of the plasmonic spectra and the SERS response is observed with an applied voltage under a variety of electrolytes. Different scenarios are discussed to untangle the various mechanisms that can be involved in the electronic interaction between NPs and electrode surfaces.

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Alù, Andrea, and Nader Engheta. "Plasmonic and metamaterial cloaking: physical mechanisms and potentials." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 10, no. 9 (August 19, 2008): 093002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/10/9/093002.

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Liu, Wei, Dragomir N. Neshev, Ilya V. Shadrivov, Andrey E. Miroshnichenko, and Yuri S. Kivshar. "Plasmonic Airy beam manipulation in linear optical potentials." Optics Letters 36, no. 7 (March 25, 2011): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.001164.

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Huang, Shenyang, Chaoyu Song, Guowei Zhang, and Hugen Yan. "Graphene plasmonics: physics and potential applications." Nanophotonics 6, no. 6 (October 18, 2016): 1191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0126.

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AbstractPlasmon in graphene possesses many unique properties. It originates from the collective motion of massless Dirac fermions, and the carrier density dependence is distinctively different from conventional plasmons. In addition, graphene plasmon is highly tunable and shows strong energy confinement capability. Most intriguingly, as an atom-thin layer, graphene and its plasmon are very sensitive to the immediate environment. Graphene plasmons strongly couple to polar phonons of the substrate, molecular vibrations of the adsorbates, and lattice vibrations of other atomically thin layers. In this review, we present the most important advances in graphene plasmonics field. The topics include terahertz plasmons, mid-infrared plasmons, plasmon-phonon interactions, and potential applications. Graphene plasmonics opens an avenue for reconfigurable metamaterials and metasurfaces; it is an exciting and promising new subject in the nanophotonics and plasmonics research field.

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Cui, Yue, Kai-Da Xu, Ying-Jiang Guo, and Qiang Chen. "Half-mode substrate integrated plasmonic waveguide for filter and diplexer designs." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 12 (December 29, 2021): 125104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac44bf.

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Abstract A half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) combined with spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structure is proposed to realize bandpass filter (BPF) characteristic and miniaturization, which is termed as the half-mode substrate integrated plasmonic waveguide (HMSIPW). Compared with the conventional HMSIW structure having identical cutoff frequency, this new design of HMSIPW not only supports SSPP modes, but also realizes a transversal size reduction of 19.4% and longitudinal reduction of more than 60%. Then, a diplexer based on two back-to-back placed HMSIPW BPFs is designed, and it has only one row of metallized via holes to further reduce the transversal size. The experimental prototypes of the filters and diplexer have been manufactured, and the measurement results agree well with simulation ones. Due to the size miniaturization and simple structure, the proposed designs will have many potentials in the integrated devices and circuits for wireless communication systems.

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Liu, Yong-Qiang, Zhongru Ren, Hongcheng Yin, Jinhai Sun, and Liangsheng Li. "Dispersion Theory of Surface Plasmon Polaritons on Bilayer Graphene Metasurfaces." Nanomaterials 12, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111804.

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Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on the graphene metasurfaces (GSPs) are crucial to develop a series of novel functional devices that can merge the well-established plasmonics and novel nanomaterials. Dispersion theory on GSPs is an important aspect, which can provide a basic understanding of propagating waves and further guidance for potential applications based on graphene metamaterials. In this paper, the dispersion theory and its modal characteristics of GSPs on double-layer graphene metasurfaces consisting of the same upper and lower graphene micro-ribbon arrays deposited on the dielectric medium are presented. In order to obtain its dispersion expressions of GSP mode on the structure, an analytical approach is provided by directly solving the Maxwell’s equations in each region and then applying periodical conductivity boundary onto the double interfaces. The obtained dispersion expressions show that GSPs split into two newly symmetric and antisymmetric modes compared to that on the single graphene metasurface. Further, the resultant dispersion relation and its propagating properties as a function of some important physical parameters, such as spacer, ribbon width, and substrate, are treated and investigated in the Terahertz band, signifying great potentials in constructing various novel graphene-based plasmonic devices, such as deeply sub-wavelength waveguides, lenses, sensors, emitters, etc.

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Sun, Xiaoqiang, Ying Xie, Tong Liu, Changming Chen, Fei Wang, and Daming Zhang. "Variable Optical Attenuator Based on Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polariton Multimode Interference Coupler." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/394976.

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The fabrication and characterization of a thermal variable optical attenuator based on long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) waveguide with multimode interference architecture were investigated. The surface morphology and waveguide configuration of Au stripe were studied by atomic force microscopy. The fluctuation of refractive index of poly(methyl-methacrylate-glycidyl-methacrylate) polymer cladding was confirmed to be less than3×10-4within 8 h curing at120°C. The end-fire excitation of LRSPP mode guiding at 1550 nm along Au stripe indicated that the extinction ratio of attenuator was about 12 dB at a driving power of 69 mW. The measured optical rise time and fall time are 0.57 and 0.87 ms, respectively. These favorable properties promise potentials of this plasmonic device in the application of optical interconnection.

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Liu, H., N. Zhang, Zi Chao Shiah, and X. Zhou. "A Chip-Level Disposable Optofluidic Device for Biosensing." Advanced Materials Research 74 (June 2009): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.74.91.

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This paper reports the fabrication, testing and characterization of an optofluidic sensor for biological sample detection at nanoscale. This biosensor consists of a two-layer structure fabricated by micro- and nanofabrication technology. A microchannel and its fluid connections have been patterned and formed in the silicon and glass. Gold nanoparticles have been fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL) on glass. The device has been tested and characterized by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) experiment using a UV/vis spectrometer to obtain the absorbance as a function of wavelength. This device has innovatively integrated microfluidic and plasmonic technology in chip-level and the testing results show that the sensitivity is very high and suitable for biosensing. This device exhibits great potentials to yield ultra-sensitive bio-detection and precise control of ultra-small amount of bio-fluids.

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Jiang, Qianfan, Chengyu Ji, D. Riley, and Fang Xie. "Boosting the Efficiency of Photoelectrolysis by the Addition of Non-Noble Plasmonic Metals: Al & Cu." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010001.

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Solar water splitting by semiconductor based photoanodes and photocathodes is one of the most promising strategies to convert solar energy to chemical energy to meet the high demand for energy consumption in modern society. However, the state-of-the-art efficiency is too low to fulfill the demand. To overcome this challenge and thus enable the industrial realization of a solar water splitting device, different approaches have been taken to enhance the overall device efficiency, one of which is the incorporation of plasmonic nanostructures. Photoanodes and photocathodes coupled to the optimized plasmonic nanostructures, matching the absorption wavelength of the semiconductors, can exhibit a significantly increased efficiency. So far, gold and silver have been extensively explored to plasmonically enhance water splitting efficiency, with disadvantages of high cost and low enhancement. Instead, non-noble plasmonic metals such as aluminum and copper, are earth-abundant and low cost. In this article, we review their potentials in photoelectrolysis, towards scalable applications.

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Liu, Wei. "Adiabatic nanofocusing of the fundamental modes in plasmonic parabolic potentials." Optics Communications 346 (July 2015): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2015.02.019.

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Yu, Wei, Olivier Deschaume, Stijn Jooken, Fanglei Guo, Pengfei Zhang, Jolan Wellens, Christ Glorieux, and Carmen Bartic. "Real-Time Temperature Detection Via Quantum Dots for Photothermal Cellular Actuation." Proceedings 56, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020056040.

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Plasmonic heating finds multiple applications in cell manipulation and stimulation, where heat generated by metal nanoparticles can be used to modify cell adhesion, control membrane currents, and suppress neuronal action potentials among others. Metal nanoparticles can also be easily integrated in artificial extracellular matrices to provide tunable, thermal cueing functionalities with nanometer spatial resolution. In this contribution, we present a platform enabling the combination of plasmonic heating with localized temperature sensing using quantum dots (QDs). Specifically, a functional nanocomposite material was designed with gold nanorods (AuNRs) and QDs incorporated in a cell-permissive hydrogel (e.g., collagen) as well as an optical set-up combining optical heating and temperature imaging, respectively. Specific area stimulation/readout can be realized through structured illumination using digital micromirror device (DMD) projection.

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Verma, Sneha, and B. M. A. Rahman. "Advanced refractive index sensor using 3-dimensional metamaterial based nanoantenna array." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2407, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2407/1/012054.

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Abstract Photonic researchers have increasingly exploiting nanotechnology. Due to the advent of numerous prevalent nanosized manufacturing methods that enable adequate shaped nanostructures to be manufactured and investigated as a method of exploiting nano-structured. Owing of the variety of optical modes, hybrid nanostructures that integrate dielectric resonators with plasmonic nanostructures also offer enormous potentials. In this work, we have explored a hybrid coupled nano-structured antenna with stacked lithium tantalate (LiTaO3)/Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) multilayer operating at infrared ranging from 400 nm-2000 nm. Here, the sensitivity response has been explored of the hybrid nano-structured array made up of the gold metal elliptical disk placed on the top of a quartz substrate and excite the different modes in both materials. It shows large electromagnetic confinement at the separation distance (d) of the dimers due to strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The influence of the structural dimensions is investigated to optimise the sensitivity of stacked elliptical dimers. The designed hybrid coupled nano-structure with the combination of gold (Au) and Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) /Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) with h 1 = h 2 = 10 nm each 10 layer exhibits bulk sensitivity (S), which is the spectrum shift unit per refractive index (RI) change in the surrounding medium was calculated to be 730 and 660 nm/RIU with major axis, (a) = 100 nm, minor axis, (b) = 10 nm, separation distance (d) = 10 nm, height, (h) = 100 nm (with or without stacked). The outcomes from the proposed hybrid nanostructure have been compared with a single metallic (only gold) elliptical paired nano-structure to show a significant improvement in the sensitivity using hybrid nano-structure. Depending on these findings, we demonstrated a roughly two-fold increase in sensitivity (S) by utilising a hybrid nano linked nano-structure with respect to identical nano structure, which competes with traditional sensors with the same height, (h) based on localised surface plasmon resonances. Our innovative plasmonic hybrid nanostructures provide a framework for developing plasmonic nanostructures for use in various sensing applications.

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Li, Hanbo, Xinshuang Gao, Chenqi Zhang, Yinglu Ji, Zhijian Hu, and Xiaochun Wu. "Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures and Their Biomedical Applications." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110957.

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As chiral antennas, plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance chiral responses of chiral materials by forming hybrid structures and improving their own chirality preference as well. Chirality-dependent properties of plasmonic NPs broaden application potentials of chiral nanostructures in the biomedical field. Herein, we review the wet-chemical synthesis and self-assembly fabrication of gold-NP-based chiral nanostructures. Discrete chiral NPs are mainly obtained via the seed-mediated growth of achiral gold NPs under the guide of chiral molecules during growth. Irradiation with chiral light during growth is demonstrated to be a promising method for chirality control. Chiral assemblies are fabricated via the bottom-up assembly of achiral gold NPs using chiral linkers or guided by chiral templates, which exhibit large chiroplasmonic activities. In describing recent advances, emphasis is placed on the design and synthesis of chiral nanostructures with the tuning and amplification of plasmonic circular dichroism responses. In addition, the review discusses the most recent or even emerging trends in biomedical fields from biosensing and imaging to disease diagnosis and therapy.

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Gui, Ming Sheng, Peng Fei Wang, Miao Miao Tang, and Dong Yuan. "Plasmon-Induced Photodegradation of Toxic Pollutants with Ag/AgI/Bi₂WO₆under Visible-Light Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 1534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1534.

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The Ag/AgI/Bi2WO6photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by deposition-precipitation and photoreduction methods. The catalyst showed high and stable photocatalytic activity for the degradation of the RhB under visible light irradiation (λ>400 nm). On the basis of a new plasmonic photocatalytic mechanism, the photogenerated electron-hole pairs are formed in Ag nanoparticles (NPs) due to surface plasmon resonance under visible-light irradiation. Then, the photoexcited electrons at the Ag NPs are injected into AgI. On the other hand, the band position shows that AgI and Bi2WO6have the matching band potentials in the AgI/Bi2WO6heterostructure composites. So the photoexcited electrons is ultimately transfer to the Bi2WO6conduction band (CB), photo-induced holes (hVB+) is transfer to the AgI valence band (VB) and the simultaneous transfer to compensative electrons from I-to the Ag NPS. This the result indicates that the high photosensitivity of noble metal Ag NPs due to surface plasmon resonance, which is not only improve the photocatalytic performance, but also offer a new idea for preparation of new photocatalysts .

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Zhu, Xingrui, Le Chen, Xuemei Tang, Hongyan Wang, Yuhan Xiao, Wei Gao, and Hong Yin. "Plasmonic enhancement in deep ultraviolet photoresponse of hexagonal boron nitride thin films." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 9 (February 28, 2022): 091109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081117.

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Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photodetectors based on hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) have demonstrated great potentials for various commercial and military applications; however, to date, most studies show that the h-BN photodetectors suffer from poor performance, such as low responsivity and large dark current. Herein, we report the dramatic enhancement of photoresponse in the DUV region of a h-BN device coupled with plasmonic nanostructures of either h-BN nanosheets (BNNSs) or Au nanoparticles (NPs). Large-area h-BN thin films that have been directly grown on quartz substrates using the ion beam assistant deposition method exhibit a uniform thickness of ∼200 nm, an ultrawide bandgap (∼ 6 eV), and an excellent light transparency in the visible region. Based on the vertical charge transfer integrated with plasmonic nanoarrays, the photocurrent of the h-BN device can be greatly enhanced by up to about 7–9 times under the illumination of 205 nm by showing a cutoff wavelength at ∼220 nm. Owing to the retained low dark current and large photo-gain induced by localized plasmonic resonances, this hybrid photodetector exhibits 32- and 57-fold improvement in responsivity at a 205 nm wavelength by BNNSs and Au NPs, respectively. This work demonstrates plasmonic enhancement on optoelectronic properties of h-BN based on not only metallic but also semiconducting nanostructures and provides alternative pathways for the development of low-cost, large-area, high-performance, DUV photodetectors for various optoelectronic devices and security applications.

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Alù, Andrea, and Nader Engheta. "Theory and potentials of multi-layered plasmonic covers for multi-frequency cloaking." New Journal of Physics 10, no. 11 (November 27, 2008): 115036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/10/11/115036.

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Guerreiro, Antonio Nuno, Beatriz Arouca Maia, Hesham Khalifa, Manuela Carvalho Baptista, and Maria Helena Braga. "What Differentiates Dielectric Oxides and Solid Electrolytes on the Pathway toward More Efficient Energy Storage?" Batteries 8, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8110232.

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Taking advantage of electrode thicknesses well beyond conventional dimensions allowed us to follow the surface plasmonic THz frequency phenomenon with vacuum wavelengths of 100 μm to 1 mm, only to scrutinize them within millimeters-thicknesses insulators. Here, we analyze an Al/insulator/Cu cell in which the metal electrodes-collectors were separated by a gap that was alternatively filled by SiO2, MgO, Li2O, Na3Zr2Si2PO12–NASICON, Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3–LAGP, and Li2.99Ba0.005ClO–Li+ glass. A comparison was drawn using experimental surface chemical potentials, cyclic voltammetry (I-V plots), impedance spectroscopy, and theoretical approaches such as structure optimization, simulation of the electronic band structures, and work functions. The analysis reveals an unexpected common emergency from the cell’s materials to align their surface chemical potential, even in operando when set to discharge under an external resistor of 1842 Ω.cminsulator. A very high capability of the metal electrodes to vary their surface chemical potentials and specific behavior among dielectric oxides and solid electrolytes was identified. Whereas LAGP and Li2O behaved as p-type semiconductors below 40 °C at OCV and while set to discharge with a resistor in agreement with the Li+ diffusion direction, NASICON behaved as a quasi n-type semiconductor at OCV, as MgO, and as a quasi p-type semiconductor while set to discharge. The capacity to behave as a p-type semiconductor may be related to the ionic conductivity of the mobile ion. The ferroelectric behavior of Li2.99Ba0.005ClO has shown surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves in the form of surface propagating solitons, as in complex phenomena, as well as electrodes’ surface chemical potentials inversion capabilities (i.e., χ (Al) − χ (Cu) > 0 to χ (Al) − χ (Cu) < 0 vs. Evacuum = 0 eV) and self-charge (ΔVcell ≥ +0.04 V under a 1842 Ω.cminsulator resistor). The multivalent 5.5 mm thick layer cell filled with Li2.99Ba0.005ClO was the only one to display a potential bulk difference of 1.1 V. The lessons learned in this work may pave the way to understanding and designing more efficient energy harvesting and storage devices.

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Maghoul, Amir, Ali Rostami, Nilojan Gnanakulasekaran, and Ilangko Balasingham. "Design and Simulation of Terahertz Perfect Absorber with Tunable Absorption Characteristic Using Fractal-Shaped Graphene Layers." Photonics 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090375.

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Graphene material, due to its unique conductivity and transparency properties, is utilized extensively in designing tunable terahertz perfect absorbers. This paper proposes a framework to design a tunable terahertz perfect absorber based on fractal triangle-shaped graphene layers embedded into dielectric substrates with the potential for spectral narrowing and widening of the absorption response without the need for geometric manipulation. In this way, the absorption cross-section spectra of the suggested configurations are achieved over the absorption band. First, the defection impact on the single-layer fractal triangle-shaped graphene structure inserted in insulators of the absorber is evaluated. Then, a flexible tunability of the absorbance’s peak is indicated by controlling the Fermi energy. By stacking fractal graphene sheets as a double graphene layer configuration in both the same and cross-states positioning, it is demonstrated that the absorption characteristics can be switched at 6–8 THz with a stronger amplitude, and 16–18 THz with a lower intensity. The impact of changing the Fermi potentials of embedded graphene layers is yielded, resulting in a plasmonic resonance shift and a significant broadening of the absorption bandwidth of up to five folds. Following, the absorption spectra related to the fractal triangle-shaped structures consist of a multi-stage architecture characterized by a spectral response experiencing a multiband absorbance rate and an absorption intensity of over 8 × 106 nm2 in a five-stage perfect absorber. Ultimately, the variations of the absorbance parameter and plasmonic mode under rotating the graphene sheet are explored for single and double fractal triangle-shaped perfect configurations on the absorption band. The presented mechanism demonstrates the tunability of the absorption spectrum in terms of narrowing or broadening and switching the plasmonic resonance by configuring multi-stage structures that can employ a broad range of applications for sensory devices.

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Esquivel, Reynaldo, Iván Canale, Maricela Ramirez, Pedro Hernández, Paul Zavala-Rivera, Enrique Álvarez-Ramos, and Armando Lucero-Acuña. "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-coated gold nanorods mediated by thiolated chitosan layer: thermo-pH responsiveness and optical properties." e-Polymers 18, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2017-0135.

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AbstractA core-shell of colloidal metal-responsive polymer provides an innovative model in functional materials. These core-shell nanocomposites offer the possibility to control some properties, such as particle size, surface plasmon resonance and morphology. In this research, we demonstrate the successful synthesis and functionality of gold nanorods (GNR) coated with the polymers chitosan (Ch) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The polymer coatings are performed using a two-step method. First, GNR were coated with a thiolated chitosan (GNR-Ch) by replacing hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with a chitosan thiomer. Structural modification of GNR-Ch was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then a second polymeric coating was done by in situ free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) on GNR-Ch to obtain the nanocomposite GNR-Ch-PNIPAM. The nanocomposite average size was analyzed by dynamic light scattering. The evolution of ζ potentials during the coatings was measured using electrophoretic mobility. GNR-Ch-PNIPAM presented a collapsed structure when heated above the lower critical solution temperature. The particle size of GNR-Ch-PNIPAM was manipulated by changing the pH. Plasmonic properties were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results showed an important blue shift due to the PNIPAM coating thickness. Thermo- and pH-responsive properties of the nanocomposite GNR-Ch-PNIPAM could be used as a drug delivery system.

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Tene, Talia, Marco Guevara, Jiří Svozilík, Diana Coello-Fiallos, Jorge Briceño, and Cristian Vacacela Gomez. "Proving Surface Plasmons in Graphene Nanoribbons Organized as 2D Periodic Arrays and Potential Applications in Biosensors." Chemosensors 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120514.

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Surface-plasmon-based biosensors have become excellent platforms for detecting biomolecular interactions. While there are several methods to exciting surface plasmons, the major challenge is improving their sensitivity. In relation to this, graphene-based nanomaterials have been theoretically and experimentally proven to increase the sensitivity of surface plasmons. Notably, graphene nanoribbons display more versatile electronic and optical properties due to their controllable bandgaps in comparison to those of zero-gap graphene. In this work, we use a semi-analytical approach to investigate the plasmonic character of two-dimensional graphene nanoribbon arrays, considering free-standing models, i.e., models in which contact with the supporting substrate does not affect their electronic properties. Our findings provide evidence that the plasmon frequency and plasmon dispersion are highly sensitive to geometrical factors or the experimental setup within the terahertz regime. More importantly, possible applications in the molecular detection of lactose, α-thrombin, chlorpyrifos-methyl, glucose, and malaria are discussed. These predictions can be used in future experiments, which, according to what is reported here, can be correctly fitted to the input parameters of possible biosensors based on graphene nanoribbon arrays.

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Xiong, Zuoren, Xinyan Ma, Yingbin Zhang, and Hua Zhao. "Surface metallization in bulk and uncoated highly polar Fe doped LiNbO3 crystals and plasmonic application potentials." Optical Materials 117 (July 2021): 111122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111122.

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Wilson, Andrew J., and Katherine A. Willets. "Visualizing Site-Specific Redox Potentials on the Surface of Plasmonic Nanoparticle Aggregates with Superlocalization SERS Microscopy." Nano Letters 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2014): 939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl404347a.

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Alwadai, Norah, Nigza Saleman, Zainab Mufarreh Elqahtani, Salah Ud-Din Khan, and Abdul Majid. "Photonics with Gallium Nitride Nanowires." Materials 15, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 4449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134449.

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The surface plasmon resonance in low-dimensional semiconducting materials is a source of valuable scientific phenomenon which opens widespread prospects for novel applications. A systematic study to shed light on the propagation of plasmons at the interface of GaN nanowire is reported. A comprehensive analysis of the interaction of light with GaN nanowires and the propagation of plasmons is carried out to uncover further potentials of the material. The results obtained on the basis of calculations designate the interaction of light with nanowires, which produced plasmons at the interface that propagate along the designed geometry starting from the center of the nanowire towards its periphery, having more flux density at the center of the nanowire. The wavelength of light does not affect the propagation of plasmons but the flux density of plasmons appeared to increase with the wavelength. Similarly, an increment in the flux density of plasmons occurs even in the case of coupled and uncoupled nanowires with wavelength, but more increment occurs in the case of coupling. Further, it was found that an increase in the number of nanowires increases the flux density of plasmons at all wavelengths irrespective of uniformity in the propagation of plasmons. The findings point to the possibility of tuning the plasmonics by using a suitable number of coupled nanowires in assembly.

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30

Liu, Xiu, Lin Jing, Xiao Luo, Bowen Yu, Shen Du, Zexiao Wang, Hyeonggyun Kim, Yibai Zhong, and Sheng Shen. "Electrically driven thermal infrared metasurface with narrowband emission." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 13 (September 26, 2022): 131703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0116880.

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Metasurfaces consisting of an array of planar sub-wavelength structures have shown great potentials in controlling thermal infrared radiation, including intensity, coherence, and polarization. These capabilities together with the two-dimensional nature make thermal metasurfaces an ultracompact multifunctional platform for infrared light manipulation. Integrating the functionalities, such as amplitude, phase (spectrum and directionality), and polarization, on a single metasurface offers fascinating device responses. However, it remains a significant challenge to concurrently optimize the optical, electrical, and thermal responses of a thermal metasurface in a small footprint. In this work, we develop a center-contacted electrode line design for a thermal infrared metasurface based on a gold nanorod array, which allows local Joule heating to electrically excite the emission without undermining the localized surface plasmonic resonance. The narrowband emission of thermal metasurfaces and their robustness against temperature nonuniformity demonstrated in this work have important implications for the applications in infrared imaging, sensing, and energy harvesting.

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31

Dipalo, Michele, Hayder Amin, Laura Lovato, Fabio Moia, Valeria Caprettini, Gabriele C. Messina, Francesco Tantussi, Luca Berdondini, and Francesco De Angelis. "Intracellular and Extracellular Recording of Spontaneous Action Potentials in Mammalian Neurons and Cardiac Cells with 3D Plasmonic Nanoelectrodes." Nano Letters 17, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 3932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01523.

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32

Biswas, Kunal, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra, Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Mehboobali Pannipara, Avik Sett, Amra Bratovcic, et al. "Exploring the Bioactive Potentials of C60-AgNPs Nano-Composites against Malignancies and Microbial Infections." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020714.

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At present, the potential role of the AgNPs/endo-fullerene molecule metal nano-composite has been evaluated over the biosystems in-vitro. The intra-atomic configuration of the fullerene molecule (C60) has been studied in-vitro for the anti-proliferative activity of human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cell lines and antimicrobial activity against a few human pathogens that have been augmented with the pristine surface plasmonic electrons and antibiotic activity of AgNPs. Furthermore, FTIR revealed the basic vibrational signatures at ~3300 cm−1, 1023 cm−1, 1400 cm−1 for O-H, C-O, and C-H groups, respectively, for the carbon and oxygen atoms of the C60 molecule. NMR studies exhibited the different footprints and magnetic moments at ~7.285 ppm, explaining the unique underlying electrochemical attributes of the fullerene molecule. Such unique electronic and physico-chemical properties of the caged carbon structure raise hope for applications into the drug delivery domain. The in-vitro dose-dependent application of C60 elicits a toxic response against both the breast adenocarcinoma cell lines and pathogenic microbes. That enables the use of AgNPs decorated C60 endo fullerene molecules to design an effective anti-cancerous drug delivery and antimicrobial agent in the future, bringing a revolutionary change in the perspective of a treatment regime.

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Hu, Yueqiang, Xudong Wang, Xuhao Luo, Xiangnian Ou, Ling Li, Yiqin Chen, Shuai Wang, and Huigao Duan. "All-dielectric metasurfaces for polarization manipulation: principles and emerging applications." Nanophotonics 9, no. 12 (June 29, 2020): 3755–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0220.

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AbstractMetasurfaces, composed of specifically designed subwavelength units in a two-dimensional plane, offer a new paradigm to design ultracompact optical elements that show great potentials for miniaturizing optical systems. In the past few decades, metasurfaces have drawn broad interests in multidisciplinary communities owing to their capability of manipulating various parameters of the light wave with plentiful functionalities. Among them, pixelated polarization manipulation in the subwavelength scale is a distinguished ability of metasurfaces compared to traditional optical components. However, the inherent ohmic loss of plasmonic-type metasurfaces severely hinders their broad applications due to the low efficiency. Therefore, metasurfaces composed of high-refractive-index all-dielectric antennas have been proposed to achieve high-efficiency devices. Moreover, anisotropic dielectric nanostructures have been shown to support large refractive index contrast between orthogonal polarizations of light and thus provide an ideal platform for polarization manipulation. Herein, we present a review of recent progress on all-dielectric metasurfaces for polarization manipulation, including principles and emerging applications. We believe that high efficient all-dielectric metasurfaces with the unprecedented capability of the polarization control can be widely applied in areas of polarization detection and imaging, data encryption, display, optical communication and quantum optics to realize ultracompact and miniaturized optical systems.

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34

Sikdar, Debabrata, and Alexei A. Kornyshev. "An electro-tunable Fabry–Perot interferometer based on dual mirror-on-mirror nanoplasmonic metamaterials." Nanophotonics 8, no. 12 (November 8, 2019): 2279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0317.

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AbstractMirror-on-mirror nanoplasmonic metamaterials, formed on the basis of voltage-controlled reversible self-assembly of sub-wavelength-sized metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on thin metallic film electrodes, are promising candidates for novel electro-tunable optical devices. Here, we present a new design of electro-tunable Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) in which two parallel mirrors – each composed of a monolayer of NPs self-assembled on a thin metallic electrode – form an optical cavity, which is filled with an aqueous solution. The reflectivity of the cavity mirrors can be electrically adjusted, simultaneously or separately, via a small variation of the electrode potentials, which would alter the inter-NP separation in the monolayers. To investigate optical transmittance from the proposed FPI device, we develop a nine-layer-stack theoretical model, based on our effective medium theory and multi-layer Fresnel reflection scheme, which produces excellent match when verified against full-wave simulations. We show that strong plasmonic coupling among silver NPs forming a monolayer on a thin silver-film substrate makes reflectivity of each cavity mirror highly sensitive to the inter-NP separation. Such a design allows the continuous tuning of the multiple narrow and intense transmission peaks emerging from an FPI cavity via electro-tuning the inter-NP separation in situ – reaping the benefits from both inexpensive bottom-up fabrication and energy-efficient tuning.

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35

Ma, Youqiao, Jinhua Li, Zhanghua Han, Hiroshi Maeda, and Yuan Ma. "Bragg-Mirror-Assisted High-Contrast Plasmonic Interferometers: Concept and Potential in Terahertz Sensing." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071385.

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A Bragg-mirror-assisted terahertz (THz) high-contrast and broadband plasmonic interferometer is proposed and theoretically investigated for potential sensing applications. The central microslit couples the incident THz wave into unidirectional surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) waves travelling to the bilateral Bragg gratings, where they are totally reflected over a wide wavelength range back towards the microslit. The properties of interference between the SPPs waves and transmitted THz wave are highly dependent on the surrounding material, offering a flexible approach for the realization of refractive index (RI) detection. The systematic study reveals that the proposed interferometric sensor possesses wavelength sensitivity as high as 167 μm RIU−1 (RIU: RI unit). More importantly, based on the intensity interrogation method, an ultrahigh Figure-of-Merit (FoM) of 18,750% RIU−1, surpassing that of previous plasmonic sensors, is obtained due to the high-contrast of interference pattern. The results also demonstrated that the proposed sensors are also quite robust against the oblique illumination. It is foreseen the proposed configuration may open up new horizons in developing THz plasmonic sensing platforms and next-generation integrated THz circuits.

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36

Yeshchenko, Oleg A., Nataliya V. Kutsevol, Anastasiya V. Tomchuk, Pavlo S. Khort, Pavlo A. Virych, Vasyl A. Chumachenko, Yulia I. Kuziv, Andrey I. Marinin, Lili Cheng, and Guochao Nie. "Thermoresponsive Zinc TetraPhenylPorphyrin Photosensitizer/Dextran Graft Poly(N-IsoPropylAcrylAmide) Copolymer/Au Nanoparticles Hybrid Nanosystem: Potential for Photodynamic Therapy Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152655.

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The thermoresponsive Zinc TetraPhenylPorphyrin photosensitizer/Dextran poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) graft copolymer/Au Nanoparticles (ZnTPP/D-g-PNIPAM/AuNPs) triple hybrid nanosystem was synthesized in aqueous solution as a nanodrug for potential use in thermally driven and controlled photodynamic therapy applications. The aqueous solution of the nanosystem has demonstrated excellent stability in terms of aggregation and sedimentation several days after preparation. Optimal concentrations of the components of hybrid nanosystem providing the lowest level of aggregation and the highest plasmonic enhancement of electronic processes in the photosensitizer molecules have been determined. It has been revealed that the shrinking of D-g-PNIPAM macromolecule during a thermally induced phase transition leads to the release of both ZnTPP molecules and Au NPs from the ZnTPP/D-g-PNIPAM/AuNPs macromolecule and the strengthening of plasmonic enhancement of the electronic processes in ZnTPP molecules bound with the polymer macromolecule. The 2.7-fold enhancement of singlet oxygen photogeneration under resonant with surface plasmon resonance has been observed for ZnTPP/D-g-PNIPAM/AuNPs proving the plasmon nature of such effect. The data obtained in vitro on wild strains of Staphylococcus aureus have proved the high potential of such nanosystem for rapid photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms particular in wounds or ulcers on the body surface.

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37

Vafapour, Zohreh. "Cost-Effective Bull’s Eye Aperture-Style Multi-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Sub-THz Band: Design, Numerical Analysis, and Physical Interpretation." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 9, 2022): 2892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082892.

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Theoretical and numerical studies were conducted on plasmonic interactions at a polarization-independent semiconductor–dielectric–semiconductor (SDS) sandwiched layer design and a brief review of the basic theory model was presented. The potential of bull’s eye aperture (BEA) structures as device elements has been well recognized in multi-band structures. In addition, the sub-terahertz (THz) band (below 1 THz frequency regime) is utilized in communications and sensing applications, which are in high demand in modern technology. Therefore, we produced theoretical and numerical studies for a THz-absorbing-metasurface BEA-style design, with N-beam absorption peaks at a sub-THz band, using economical and commercially accessible materials, which have a low cost and an easy fabrication process. Furthermore, we applied the Drude model for the dielectric function of semiconductors due to its ability to describe both free-electron and bound systems simultaneously. Associated with metasurface research and applications, it is essential to facilitate metasurface designs to be of the utmost flexible properties with low cost. Through the aid of electromagnetic (EM) coupling using multiple semiconductor ring resonators (RRs), we could tune the number of absorption peaks between the 0.1 and 1.0 THz frequency regime. By increasing the number of semiconductor rings without altering all other parameters, we found a translation trend of the absorption frequencies. In addition, we validated our spectral response results using EM field distributions and surface currents. Here, we mainly discuss the source of the N-band THz absorber and the underlying physics of the multi-beam absorber designed structures. The proposed microstructure has ultra-high potentials to utilize in high-power THz sources and optical biomedical sensing and detection applications based on opto-electronics technology based on having multi-band absorption responses.

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38

HORING, N. J. M., S. Y. LIU, V. V. POPOV, and H. L. CUI. "TUNABLE GRID GATED DOUBLE-QUANTUM-WELL FET TERAHERTZ DETECTOR." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 01 (March 2008): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005229.

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Several aspects of the theory of plasmon resonant DC photoconduction are discussed here, in connection with recent observations involving a THz-irradiated grid-gated double-quantum-well FET.1 In this, we construct a classical model of nonlinear polarizability to second order in the THz field using a “hydrodynamic” type formulation including the roles of a stress-tensor and friction/viscosity. The resulting second order polarizability exhibits resonant behavior when the THz frequency matches plasmon frequencies of the system, sharply reducing the effectiveness of screened impurity scattering potentials which can admit resonant DC photoconduction. Furthermore, we also show that an asymmetric double-quantum-well system with lateral periodicity can mix optical and acoustic plasmons, giving rise to an interlayer THz field which becomes very strong when tuned by gate voltage into the “mode-mode-repulsion” regime wherein the optical and acoustic modes equally share amplitude. This can enhance interlayer electron tunneling and may contribute to photoconductivity.

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39

Yu, Sungju, and Prashant K. Jain. "The Chemical Potential of Plasmonic Excitations." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 5 (December 11, 2019): 2101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201914118.

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40

Yu, Sungju, and Prashant K. Jain. "The Chemical Potential of Plasmonic Excitations." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 5 (January 27, 2020): 2085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201914118.

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41

Keast, V. J., B. Zwan, S. Supansomboon, M. B. Cortie, and P. O. Å. Persson. "AuAl2 and PtAl2 as potential plasmonic materials." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 577 (November 2013): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.161.

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42

Akiyoshi, Kazutaka, and Tetsu Tatsuma. "Electrochemical modulation of plasmon-induced charge separation behaviour at Au–TiO2 photocathodes." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 18, no. 7 (2019): 1727–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9pp00098d.

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Photocathodic currents of ITO/Au/TiO₂ electrodes based on plasmon-induced charge separation were enhanced by applying negative potentials, and the enhancement factor was increased as the particle size was decreased.

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43

A. Paiva-Marques, Willian, Faustino Reyes Gómez, Osvaldo N. Oliveira, and J. Ricardo Mejía-Salazar. "Chiral Plasmonics and Their Potential for Point-of-Care Biosensing Applications." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030944.

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There has been growing interest in using strong field enhancement and light localization in plasmonic nanostructures to control the polarization properties of light. Various experimental techniques are now used to fabricate twisted metallic nanoparticles and metasurfaces, where strongly enhanced chiral near-fields are used to intensify circular dichroism (CD) signals. In this review, state-of-the-art strategies to develop such chiral plasmonic nanoparticles and metasurfaces are summarized, with emphasis on the most recent trends for the design and development of functionalizable surfaces. The major objective is to perform enantiomer selection which is relevant in pharmaceutical applications and for biosensing. Enhanced sensing capabilities are key for the design and manufacture of lab-on-a-chip devices, commonly named point-of-care biosensing devices, which are promising for next-generation healthcare systems.

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44

Ali, J., N. Pornsuwancharoen, P. Youplao, M. S. Aziz, S. Chiangga, J. Jaglan, I. S. Amiri, and P. Yupapin. "A novel plasmonic interferometry and the potential applications." Results in Physics 8 (March 2018): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.12.055.

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45

Koryukin, A. V., A. A. Akhmadeev, and M. Kh Salakhov. "Periodic potential distribution in linear photonic-plasmonic crystals." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 613 (May 7, 2015): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/613/1/012004.

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46

Huang, Yu, Mark C. Pitter, Michael G. Somekh, Wei Zhang, WanYi Xie, Hua Zhang, HuanBo Wang, and ShaoXi Fang. "Plasmonic response of gold film to potential perturbation." Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy 56, no. 8 (June 28, 2013): 1495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11433-013-5173-7.

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47

Lee, Seung-Hoon, Jeong-Sik Jo, Ju Hyeun Park, Seung Woo Lee, and Jae-Won Jang. "A hot-electron-triggered catalytic oxidation reaction of plasmonic silver nanoparticles evidenced by surface potential mapping." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 42 (2018): 20939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta07179a.

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48

Sugawa, Kosuke, Hironobu Tahara, Ayane Yamashita, Joe Otsuki, Takamasa Sagara, Takashi Harumoto, and Sayaka Yanagida. "Refractive Index Susceptibility of the Plasmonic Palladium Nanoparticle: Potential as the Third Plasmonic Sensing Material." ACS Nano 9, no. 2 (February 2, 2015): 1895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn506800a.

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Ramdzan, Nur Syahira Md, Yap Wing Fen, Josephine Ying Chyi Liew, Nur Alia Sheh Omar, Nur Ain Asyiqin Anas, Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal, and Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi. "Exploration on Structural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Film for Potential Plasmonic Sensing Application." Photonics 8, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100419.

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There are extensive studies on the development of composite solutions involving various types of materials. Therefore, this works aims to incorporate two polymers of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and poly(3,4-ethylenethiophene) (PEDOT) to develop a composite thin film via the spin-coating method. Then, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed to confirm the functional groups of the NCC/PEDOT thin film. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results revealed a relatively homogeneous surface with the roughness of the NCC/PEDOT thin film being slightly higher compared with individual thin films. Meanwhile, the ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectrometer evaluated the optical properties of synthesized thin films, where the absorbance peaks can be observed around a wavelength of 220 to 700 nm. An optical band gap of 4.082 eV was obtained for the composite thin film, which is slightly lower as compared with a single material thin film. The NCC/PEDOT thin film was also incorporated into a plasmonic sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance principle to evaluate the potential for sensing mercury ions in an aqueous medium. Resultantly, the NCC/PEDOT thin film shows a positive response in detecting the various concentrations of mercury ions. In conclusion, this work has successfully developed a new sensing layer in fabricating an effective and potential heavy metal ions sensor.

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Simpkins, Blake S., Sergey I. Maximenko, and Olga Baturina. "Potential of TiN/GaN Heterostructures for Hot Carrier Generation and Collection." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050837.

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Herein, we find that TiN sputter-deposited on GaN displayed the desired optical properties for plasmonic applications. While this is a positive result indicating the possible use of p- or n-type GaN as a collector of plasmonically generated hot carriers, the interfacial properties differed considerably depending on doping conditions. On p-type GaN, a distinct Schottky barrier was formed with a barrier height of ~0.56 eV, which will enable effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, a typical approach used to extend their lifetimes. On the other hand, no transport barrier was found for TiN on n-type GaN. While the lack of spontaneous carrier separation in this system will likely reduce unprompted hot carrier collection efficiencies, it enables a bias-dependent response whereby charges of the desired type (e.g., electrons) could be directed into the semiconductor or sequestered in the plasmonic material. The specific application of interest would determine which of these conditions is most desirable.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plasmonic potentials'

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