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Journal articles on the topic 'Plasmonic nanoantennas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Sanders, Stephen, and Alejandro Manjavacas. "Nanoantennas with balanced gain and loss." Nanophotonics 9, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0392.

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AbstractThe large cross sections and strong confinement provided by the plasmon resonances of metallic nanostructures make these systems an ideal platform to implement nanoantennas. Like their macroscopic counterparts, nanoantennas enhance the coupling between deep subwavelength emitters and free radiation, providing, at the same time, an increased directionality. Here, inspired by the recent works in parity-time symmetric plasmonics, we investigate how the combination of conventional plasmonic nanostructures with active materials, which display optical gain when externally pumped, can serve to enhance the performance of metallic nanoantennas. We find that the presence of gain, in addition to mitigating the losses and therefore increasing the power radiated or absorbed by an emitter, introduces a phase difference between the elements of the nanoantenna that makes the optical response of the system directional, even in the absence of geometrical asymmetry. Exploiting these properties, we analyse how a pair of nanoantennas with balanced gain and loss can enhance the far-field interaction between two dipole emitters. The results of this work provide valuable insight into the optical response of nanoantennas made of active and passive plasmonic nanostructures, with potential applications for the design of optical devices capable of actively controlling light at the nanoscale.

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2

Barho, Franziska B., Fernando Gonzalez-Posada, Maria-Jose Milla, Mario Bomers, Laurent Cerutti, Eric Tournié, and Thierry Taliercio. "Highly doped semiconductor plasmonic nanoantenna arrays for polarization selective broadband surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy of vanillin." Nanophotonics 7, no. 2 (November 11, 2017): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0052.

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AbstractTailored plasmonic nanoantennas are needed for diverse applications, among those sensing. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy using adapted nanoantenna substrates is an efficient technique for the selective detection of molecules by their vibrational spectra, even in small quantity. Highly doped semiconductors have been proposed as innovative materials for plasmonics, especially for more flexibility concerning the targeted spectral range. Here, we report on rectangular-shaped, highly Si-doped InAsSb nanoantennas sustaining polarization switchable longitudinal and transverse plasmonic resonances in the mid-infrared. For small array periodicities, the highest reflectance intensity is obtained. Large periodicities can be used to combine localized surface plasmon resonances (SPR) with array resonances, as shown in electromagnetic calculations. The nanoantenna arrays can be efficiently used for broadband SEIRA spectroscopy, exploiting the spectral overlap between the large longitudinal or transverse plasmonic resonances and narrow infrared active absorption features of an analyte molecule. We demonstrate an increase of the vibrational line intensity up to a factor of 5.7 of infrared-active absorption features of vanillin in the fingerprint spectral region, yielding enhancement factors of three to four orders of magnitude. Moreover, an optimized readout for SPR sensing is proposed based on slightly overlapping longitudinal and transverse localized SPR.

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3

Klemm, Maciej. "Novel Directional Nanoantennas for Single-Emitter Sources and Wireless Nano-Links." International Journal of Optics 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/348306.

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Optical nanoantennas are emerging as one of the key components in the future nanophotonic and plasmonic circuits. The first optical nanoantennas were in a form of simple spherical nanoparticles. Recently more complex Yagi-Uda nanoantenna structures were demonstrated. These nanoantennas enhance radiation of single emitters and provide well-defined directional radiation. In this contribution, we present the novel design of the directional nanoantenna, which is excited from the propagating mode of the plasmonic waveguide. The nanoantenna design is based on thetravelling waveprinciple, well known at RF/microwave frequencies. By properly designing the propagating parts of the nanoantenna, a very efficient coupling to free space wave impedance can be achieved. Furthermore, the control over the radiation direction and beam width is relatively easy with this nanoantenna. Compared to the previously published Yagi-Uda designs, the new nanoantenna presented in this work has directivity three times higher.

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Lereu, Aude L., Jacob P. Hoogenboom, and Niek F. van Hulst. "Gap Nanoantennas toward Molecular Plasmonic Devices." International Journal of Optics 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/502930.

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Recently we have demonstrated that single fluorescent molecules can be used as non-perturbative vectorial probes of the local field. Here, we expand on such experiments exploiting fluorescence lifetime of single molecules to probe various types of gap nanoantennas. First, studies of the nanoantennas are carried out to evaluate the electric field. We then investigate hybrid systems composed by nanoantennas and randomly positioned fluorescent molecules. Finally, we present a fabrication scheme for the controlled placement of fluorescent molecules at welldefined positions with respect to the dimer nanoantenna, which is a more direct route to probe the local field in ana prioridetermined way.

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5

Pacheco-Peña, Victor, Rúben A. Alves, and Miguel Navarro-Cía. "From symmetric to asymmetric bowtie nanoantennas: electrostatic conformal mapping perspective." Nanophotonics 9, no. 5 (February 4, 2020): 1177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0488.

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AbstractPlasmonic nanoantennas have revolutionized the way we study and modulate light–matter interaction. Due to nanofabrication limitations, dimer-type nanoantennas always exhibit some degree of asymmetry, which is desirable in some cases. For instance, in sensing applications, asymmetry is sometimes induced by design in plasmonic nanoantennas to favor higher order nonradiative modes with sharp Fano line shapes. Regardless of the actual origin of the asymmetry, unintentional or intentional, an analytical frame that can deal with it in a seamless manner would be beneficial. We resort to conformal mapping for this task and we track the influence of the degree of asymmetry of the circular sectors composing gold bowtie nanoantennas on the nonradiative Purcell enhancement of a nearby nanoemitter. This manuscript reviews the contributions of conformal mapping to plasmonic nanoantennas and illustrates the advantages of the elegant analytical solution provided by conformal mapping to grasp physical insights, which can serve as a springboard for new plasmonic asymmetric nanoantenna designs.

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6

da Silva, Marcelino L. C., Victor Dmitriev, and Karlo Q. da Costa. "Application of Plasmonic Nanoantennas in Enhancing the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (March 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2719656.

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It is known that the periodic use of silver nanoantennas in organic solar cells increases the efficiency of light absorption. In this study, we performed a geometric parametric analysis of nanoantennas using the finite element method. Based on the study of the convex truncated cone nanoantenna, we have found that a nanoantenna arrangement formed by the convex truncated cone nanoantenna along with a pyramidal nanoantenna provides a better solution for different angles of light incidence compared to a single nanoantenna. We obtained a mean increase in the absorption efficiency of this organic solar cell, both for the TM and TE polarizations, compared to the use of the conventional nanoantenna in the wavelength range of 300–800 nm.

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7

Chen, Pai-Yen, Christos Argyropoulos, and Andrea Alù. "Enhanced nonlinearities using plasmonic nanoantennas." Nanophotonics 1, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2012): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2012-0016.

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AbstractIn this paper, we review and discuss how nanoantennas may be used to largely enhance the nonlinear response of optical materials. For single nanoantennas, there have been tremendous advancements in understanding how to exploit the local field enhancement to boost the nonlinear susceptibility at the surface or sharp edges of plasmonic metals. After an overview of the work in this area, we discuss the possibility of controlling the optical nonlinear response using nanocircuit concepts and of significantly enhancing various nonlinear optical processes using planar arrays of plasmonic nanoantennas loaded with χ(2) or χ(3) nonlinear optical materials, forming ultrathin, nanometer-scale nonlinear metasurfaces, as optical nanodevices. We describe how this concept may be used to boost the efficiency of nonlinear wave mixing and optical bistability, due to the large local field enhancement at the nonlinear nanoloads associated with the plasmonic features of suitably tailored nanoantenna designs. We finally discuss three exciting applications of the proposed nonlinear metasurface: dramatically-enhanced frequency conversion efficiency, efficient phase-conjugation for super-resolution imaging and large optical bistabilities.

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8

Damasceno, Gabriel H. B., William O. F. Carvalho, and Jorge Ricardo Mejía-Salazar. "Design of Plasmonic Yagi–Uda Nanoantennas for Chip-Scale Optical Wireless Communications." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 7336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197336.

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Optical wireless transmission has recently become a major cutting-edge alternative for on-chip/inter-chip communications with higher transmission speeds and improved power efficiency. Plasmonic nanoantennas, the building blocks of this new nanoscale communication paradigm, require precise design to have directional radiation and improved communication ranges. Particular interest has been paid to plasmonic Yagi–Uda, i.e., the optical analog of the conventional Radio Frequency (RF) Yagi–Uda design, which may allow directional radiation of plasmonic fields. However, in contrast to the RF model, an overall design strategy for the directional and optimized front-to-back ratio of the radiated far-field patterns is lacking. In this work, a guide for the optimized design of Yagi–Uda plasmonic nanoantennas is shown. In particular, five different design conditions are used to study the effects of sizes and spacing between the constituent parts (made of Au). Importantly, it is numerically demonstrated (using the scattered fields) that closely spaced nanoantenna elements are not appropriated for directional light-to-plasmon conversion/radiation. In contrast, if the elements of the nanoantenna are widely spaced, the structure behaves like a one-dimensional array of nanodipoles, producing a funnel-like radiation pattern (not suitable for on-chip wireless optical transmission). Therefore, based on the results here, it can be concluded that the constituent metallic rib lengths must be optimized to exhibit the resonance at the working wavelength, whilst their separations should follow the relation λeff/π, where λeff indicates the effective wavelength scaling for plasmonic nanostructures.

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Milekhin, Ilya A., Sergei A. Kuznetsov, Ekaterina E. Rodyakina, Alexander G. Milekhin, Alexander V. Latyshev, and Dietrich R. T. Zahn. "Localized surface plasmons in structures with linear Au nanoantennas on a SiO2/Si surface." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (October 26, 2016): 1519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.145.

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The study of infrared absorption by linear gold nanoantennas fabricated on a Si surface with underlying SiO2 layers of various thicknesses allowed the penetration depth of localized surface plasmons into SiO2 to be determined. The value of the penetration depth derived experimentally (20 ± 10 nm) corresponds to that obtained from electromagnetic simulations (12.9–30.0 nm). Coupling between plasmonic excitations of gold nanoantennas and optical phonons in SiO2 leads to the appearance of new plasmon–phonon modes observed in the infrared transmission spectra the frequencies of which are well predicted by the simulations.

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10

Gili, Valerio F., Lavinia Ghirardini, Davide Rocco, Giuseppe Marino, Ivan Favero, Iännis Roland, Giovanni Pellegrini, et al. "Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (August 27, 2018): 2306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.215.

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Background: Dielectric nanoantennas have recently emerged as an alternative solution to plasmonics for nonlinear light manipulation at the nanoscale, thanks to the magnetic and electric resonances, the strong nonlinearities, and the low ohmic losses characterizing high refractive-index materials in the visible/near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum. In this frame, AlGaAs nanoantennas demonstrated to be extremely efficient sources of second harmonic radiation. In particular, the nonlinear polarization of an optical system pumped at the anapole mode can be potentially boosted, due to both the strong dip in the scattering spectrum and the near-field enhancement, which are characteristic of this mode. Plasmonic nanostructures, on the other hand, remain the most promising solution to achieve strong local field confinement, especially in the NIR, where metals such as gold display relatively low losses. Results: We present a nonlinear hybrid antenna based on an AlGaAs nanopillar surrounded by a gold ring, which merges in a single platform the strong field confinement typically produced by plasmonic antennas with the high nonlinearity and low loss characteristics of dielectric nanoantennas. This platform allows enhancing the coupling of light to the nanopillar at coincidence with the anapole mode, hence boosting both second- and third-harmonic generation conversion efficiencies. More than one order of magnitude enhancement factors are measured for both processes with respect to the isolated structure. Conclusion: The present results reveal the possibility to achieve tuneable metamixers and higher resolution in nonlinear sensing and spectroscopy, by means of improved both pump coupling and emission efficiency due to the excitation of the anapole mode enhanced by the plasmonic nanoantenna.

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11

Knight, Mark W., Lifei Liu, Yumin Wang, Lisa Brown, Shaunak Mukherjee, Nicholas S. King, Henry O. Everitt, Peter Nordlander, and Naomi J. Halas. "Aluminum Plasmonic Nanoantennas." Nano Letters 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2012): 6000–6004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl303517v.

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12

Chen, Jianing, Pablo Albella, Zhaleh Pirzadeh, Pablo Alonso-González, Florian Huth, Stefano Bonetti, Valentina Bonanni, et al. "Plasmonic Nickel Nanoantennas." Small 7, no. 16 (June 16, 2011): 2341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201100640.

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13

Wang, Jiyong, Emre Gürdal, Anke Horneber, Simon Dickreuter, Sergei Kostcheev, Alfred J. Meixner, Monika Fleischer, Pierre-Michel Adam, and Dai Zhang. "Carrier recombination and plasmonic emission channels in metallic photoluminescence." Nanoscale 10, no. 17 (2018): 8240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr07821h.

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14

Nagaty, Ahmed, Arafa H. Aly, and Walied Sabra. "Designing plasmonic metasurface absorbers with desirable absorption values for different thermal applications." Physica Scripta 97, no. 5 (March 31, 2022): 055504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac5f27.

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Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate and explore an approach to designing absorbers based on using plasmonic metasurfaces in the visible spectrum. The approach opens up the possibility of rapidly choosing an absorber with the desired absorption value using an analytical expression. By using the three dimensional finite element method, we present a wide comparison between varieties of plasmonic absorbers based on using different nanoantennas in the proposed metasurface designs. The utilized plasmonic nanoantennas are such as the titanium nitride (TiN), Aluminum (Al), Gold (Au), and Silver (Ag) nanoantennas. The comparison between using these plasmonic nanoantennas will be according to the resulted absorption from the proposed designs. The plasmonic metasurfaces using the TiN nanoantennas demonstrates a high absorption compared to the obtained absorption from the other metasurface designs using (Al), (Au), and (Ag) nanoantennas. Accordingly, based on these results, we used a regression analysis to fit our simulated data to an analytical expression in order to generalize the concept of generation the absorbers of interest with the desired absorption based on the proposed metasurfaces. This promising technique provides a methodology to design preoptimized absorbers for practical applications such as sensing, thermal management, and solar cells.

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15

Zhang, Tianyue, Jian Xu, Zi-Lan Deng, Dejiao Hu, Fei Qin, and Xiangping Li. "Unidirectional Enhanced Dipolar Emission with an Individual Dielectric Nanoantenna." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040629.

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Light manipulation at the nanoscale is the vanguard of plasmonics. Controlling light radiation into a desired direction in parallel with high optical signal enhancement is still a challenge for designing ultracompact nanoantennas far below subwavelength dimensions. Here, we theoretically demonstrate the unidirectional emissions from a local nanoemitter coupled to a hybrid nanoantenna consisting of a plasmonic dipole antenna and an individual silicon nanorod. The emitter near-field was coupled to the dipolar antenna plasmon resonance to achieve a strong radiative decay rate modification, and the emitting plasmon pumped the multipoles within the silicon nanorod for efficient emission redirection. The hybrid antenna sustained a high forward directivity (i.e., a front-to-back ratio of 30 dB) with broadband operating wavelengths in the visible range (i.e., a spectral bandwidth of 240 nm). This facilitated a large library of plasmonic nanostructures to be incorporated, from single element dipole antennas to gap antennas. The proposed hybrid optical nanorouter with ultracompact structural dimensions of 0.08 λ2 was capable of spectrally sorting the emission from the local point source into distinct far-field directions, as well as possessing large emission gains introduced by the nanogap. The distinct features of antenna designs hold potential in the areas of novel nanoscale light sources, biosensing, and optical routing.

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16

Bedingfield, Kalun, Eoin Elliott, Nuttawut Kongsuwan, Jeremy J. Baumberg, and Angela Demetriadou. "Morphology dependence of nanoparticle-on-mirror geometries: A quasinormal mode analysis." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 9 (2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2022002.

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Plasmonic nanoantennas are able to produce extreme enhancements by concentrating electromagnetic fields into sub-wavelength volumes. Recently, one of the most commonly used nanoantennas is the nanoparticle-on-mirror geometry, which allowed for the room temperature strong coupling of a single molecule. Very few studies offer analysis of near-field mode decompositions, and they mainly focus on spherical and/or cylindrically-faceted nanoparticle-on-mirror geometries. Perfectly spherical nanoparticles are not easy to fabricate, with recent publications revealing that a rhombicuboctahedron is a commonly occurring nanoparticle shape – due to the crystalline nature of metallic nanoparticles. In this paper, we perform a quasi-normal mode analysis for the rhombicuboctahedron-on-mirror nanoantenna and map the field distributions of each mode. We examine how the geometry of the cavity defines the near-field distribution and energies of the modes, and we show that in some cases the mode degeneracies break. This has a significant impact on the radiative emission and far-field profile of each mode, which are measured experimentally. Understanding how realistic nanoantenna geometries behave in the near-field and far-field helps us design antennas with specific properties for controlling and sensing quantum emitters in plasmonic systems.

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17

Yousif, Bedir B., and Ahmed S. Samra. "Modeling of Optical Nanoantennas." Physics Research International 2012 (November 8, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/321075.

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The optical properties of plasmonic nanoantennas are investigated in detail using the finite integration technique (FIT). The validity of this technique is verified by comparison to the exact solution generalized Mie method (GMM). The influence of the geometrical parameters (antenna length, gap dimension, and shapes) on the antenna field enhancement and spectral response is discussed. Localized surface plasmon resonances of Au (gold) dimers nanospheres, bowtie, and aperture bowtie nanoantennas are modeled. The enhanced field is equivalent to a strong light spot which can lead to the resolution improvement of the microscopy and optical lithography, thus increasing the optical data storage capacity. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the antennas to index changes of the environment and substrate is investigated in detail for biosensing applications. We confirm that our approach yields an exact correspondence with GMM theory for Au dimers nanospheres at gap dimensions 5 nm and 10 nm but gives an approximation error of less than 1.37% for gap dimensions 1 nm and 2 nm with diameters approaching 80 nm. In addition, the far-field characteristics of the aperture bowtie nanoantenna such as directivity and gain are studied. The promising results of this study may have useful potential applications in near-field sample detection, optical microscopy, and so forth.

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18

Yang, Yuanqing, Ding Zhao, Hanmo Gong, Qiang Li, and Min Qiu. "Plasmonic sectoral horn nanoantennas." Optics Letters 39, no. 11 (May 23, 2014): 3204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.003204.

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19

Boriskina, Svetlana V., and Luca Dal Negro. "Multiple-wavelength plasmonic nanoantennas." Optics Letters 35, no. 4 (February 11, 2010): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.35.000538.

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20

Maksymov, Ivan S., Arthur R. Davoyan, Andrey E. Miroshnichenko, Constantin Simovski, Pavel Belov, and Yuri S. Kivshar. "Multifrequency tapered plasmonic nanoantennas." Optics Communications 285, no. 5 (March 2012): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2011.11.050.

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21

Di Meo, Valentina, Alessio Crescitelli, Massimo Moccia, Annamaria Sandomenico, Angela M. Cusano, Marianna Portaccio, Maria Lepore, Vincenzo Galdi, and Emanuela Esposito. "Pixeled metasurface for multiwavelength detection of vitamin D." Nanophotonics 9, no. 12 (June 29, 2020): 3921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0103.

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AbstractThe steadily increasing demand for accurate analysis of vitamin D level, via measurement of its best general marker, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), pushes for the development of novel automated assays capable of working at very low concentrations. Here, we propose a plasmonic biosensor of 25(OH)D3 (calcifediol) based on surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, which exploits the resonant coupling between plasmonic nanoantennas and vibrational excitation of small molecules. Specifically, our proposed platform features a large-area (several mm2) metasurface made of gold nanoantennas fabricated on a silicon substrate, comprising different macroregions (“pixels”) of area 500 × 500 µm2. In each pixel, the nanoantenna geometrical parameters are tuned so as to support localized surface plasmon resonances (and hence large field enhancements at the nanoscale) within different regions of the infrared spectrum. As a result, a single chip is capable of performing analysis from the region of functional groups to that of fingerprint. Two different designs are fabricated via electron beam lithography, functionalized with a correlated antibody for the detection of 25(OH)D3, and characterized via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Our experiments demonstrate the capability to detect a concentration as low as 86 pmol/L, and an amount of immobilized small molecules of 25(OH)D3 monohydrate (molecular weight: 418.65 g/mol) as low as 4.31 amol over an area of 100 × 100 µm2.

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22

Paschaloudis, Konstantinos D., Constantinos L. Zekios, Georgios C. Trichopoulos, Filippos Farmakis, and George A. Kyriacou. "An Eigenmode Study of Nanoantennas from Terahertz to Optical Frequencies." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 2782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222782.

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In this work, we present a rigorous full-wave eigenanalysis for the study of nanoantennas operating at both terahertz (THz) (0.1–10 THz), and infrared/optical (10–750 THz) frequency spectrums. The key idea behind this effort is to reveal the physical characteristics of nanoantennas such that we can transfer and apply the state-of-the-art antenna design methodologies from microwaves to terahertz and optics. Extensive attention is given to penetration depth in metals to reveal whether the surface currents are sufficient for the correct characterization of nanoantennas, or the involvement of volume currents is needed. As we show with our analysis, the penetration depth constantly reduces until the region of 200 THz; beyond this point, it shoots up, requiring volume currents for the exact characterization of the corresponding radiating structures. The cases of a terahertz rectangular patch antenna and a plasmonic nanoantenna are modeled, showing in each case the need of surface and volume currents, respectively, for the antenna’s efficient characterization.

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Toussaint Jr., Kimani C., Brian J. Roxworthy, Sarah Michaud, Hao Chen, Abdul M. Bhuiya, and Qing Ding. "Plasmonic Nanoantennas: From Nanotweezers to Plasmonic Photography." Optics and Photonics News 26, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.26.6.000024.

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24

Venugopalan, Priyamvada, and Sunil Kumar. "Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Sensor with Au Bow Tie Nanoantennas on SiO2 Nanopillar Arrays." Chemosensors 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020121.

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We report on plasmonic sensors based on arrays of metallic bow tie nanoantennas with high sensitivity and an enhanced figure of merit. In the present sensing device, each gold nanoantenna is positioned on the upper surface of a SiO2 nanopillar that is placed on a quartz substrate. The presence of the nanopillar significantly reduces the coupling of the enhanced electromagnetic field generated at the plasmon resonance to the substrate. The simulated results show that the sensitivity of the device to refractive index sensing is 612 nm/RIU, calculated by the resonance wavelength shift per refractive index unit due to the change in the ambient medium index, while the full width at half maximum is calculated at around 10 nm with a figure of merit of 61. The proposed sensor thus has a great potential for sensing and detection applications.

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Ergul, O., G. Isiklar, I. C. Cetin, and M. Algun. "Design and Analysis of Nanoantenna Arrays for Imaging and Sensing Applications at Optical Frequencies." Advanced Electromagnetics 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i2.1010.

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We present computational analysis of nanoantenna arrays for imaging and sensing applications at optical frequencies. Arrays of metallic nanoantennas are considered in an accurate simulation environment based on surface integral equations and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm developed for plasmonic structures. Near-zone responses of the designed arrays to nearby nanoparticles are investigated in detail to demonstrate the feasibility of detection. We show that both metallic and dielectric nanoparticles, even with subwavelength dimensions, can be detected.

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Yue, Weisheng, Zhihong Wang, John Whittaker, Francisco Lopez-royo, Yang Yang, and Anatoly V. Zayats. "Amplification of surface-enhanced Raman scattering due to substrate-mediated localized surface plasmons in gold nanodimers." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 16 (2017): 4075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc00667e.

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Ghamsari, Behnood G., Anthony Olivieri, Fabio Variola, and Pierre Berini. "Enhanced Raman scattering in graphene by plasmonic resonant Stokes emission." Nanophotonics 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0014.

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AbstractExploiting surface plasmon polaritons to enhance interactions between graphene and light has recently attracted much interest. In particular, nonlinear optical processes in graphene can be dramatically enhanced and controlled by plasmonic nanostructures. This work demonstrates Raman scattering enhancement in graphene based on plasmonic resonant enhancement of the Stokes emission, and compares this mechanism with the conventional Raman enhancement by resonant pump absorption. Arrays of optical nanoantennas with different resonant frequency are utilized to independently identify the effects of each mechanism on Raman scattering in graphene via the measured enhancement factor and its spectral linewidth. We demonstrate that, while both mechanisms offer large enhancement factors (scattering cross-section gains of 160 and 20 for individual nanoantennas, respectively), they affect the graphene Raman spectrum quite differently. Our results provide a benchmark to assess and quantify the role and merit of each mechanism in surface-plasmon-mediated Raman scattering in graphene, and may be employed for design and realization of a variety of graphene optoelectronic devices involving nonlinear optical processes.

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Karst, Julian, Moritz Floess, Monika Ubl, Carsten Dingler, Claudia Malacrida, Tobias Steinle, Sabine Ludwigs, Mario Hentschel, and Harald Giessen. "Electrically switchable metallic polymer nanoantennas." Science 374, no. 6567 (October 29, 2021): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abj3433.

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Switching a polymer Electrically switchable metasurfaces and plasmonic materials will enable the development of active nanophotonic technology. Karst et al . show that a metallic polymer can be used for electrical switching of plasmonic nanoantenna resonances. The plasmonic resonance can be completely switched ON and OFF with switching speeds up to 30 hertz (video rate), low switching voltages of ±1 volt (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatible), and a switching contrast of 100%. The results could have applications in nanophotonic devices such as those used in augmented and virtual reality imaging applications. —ISO

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Jaksic, Zoran, Marko Obradov, Slobodan Vukovic, and Milivoj Belic. "Plasmonic enhancement of light trapping in photodetectors." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 27, no. 2 (2014): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1402183j.

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We consider the possibility to use plasmonics to enhance light trapping in such semiconductor detectors as solar cells and infrared detectors for night vision. Plasmonic structures can transform propagating electromagnetic waves into evanescent waves with the local density of states vastly increased within subwavelength volumes compared to the free space, thus surpassing the conventional methods for photon management. We show how one may utilize plasmonic nanoparticles both to squeeze the optical field into the active region and to increase the optical path by Mie scattering, apply ordered plasmonic nanocomposites (subwavelength plasmonic crystals or plasmonic metamaterials), or design nanoantennas to maximize absorption within the detector. We show that many approaches used for solar cells can be also utilized in infrared range if different redshifting strategies are applied.

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Shalin, A. S., and S. V. Sukhov. "Optical forces in plasmonic nanoantennas." Quantum Electronics 42, no. 4 (April 27, 2012): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2012v042n04abeh014740.

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Hewageegana, Prabath, and Mark I. Stockman. "Plasmonic enhancing nanoantennas for photodetection." Infrared Physics & Technology 50, no. 2-3 (April 2007): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2006.10.032.

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Rosa, Lorenzo, Kai Sun, and Saulius Juodkazis. "Sierpin´ski fractal plasmonic nanoantennas." physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters 5, no. 5-6 (April 13, 2011): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssr.201105136.

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Ullah, Zaka, Gunawan Witjaksono, Illani Nawi, Nelson Tansu, Muhammad Irfan Khattak, and Muhammad Junaid. "A Review on the Development of Tunable Graphene Nanoantennas for Terahertz Optoelectronic and Plasmonic Applications." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051401.

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Exceptional advancement has been made in the development of graphene optical nanoantennas. They are incorporated with optoelectronic devices for plasmonics application and have been an active research area across the globe. The interest in graphene plasmonic devices is driven by the different applications they have empowered, such as ultrafast nanodevices, photodetection, energy harvesting, biosensing, biomedical imaging and high-speed terahertz communications. In this article, the aim is to provide a detailed review of the essential explanation behind graphene nanoantennas experimental proofs for the developments of graphene-based plasmonics antennas, achieving enhanced light–matter interaction by exploiting graphene material conductivity and optical properties. First, the fundamental graphene nanoantennas and their tunable resonant behavior over THz frequencies are summarized. Furthermore, incorporating graphene–metal hybrid antennas with optoelectronic devices can prompt the acknowledgment of multi-platforms for photonics. More interestingly, various technical methods are critically studied for frequency tuning and active modulation of optical characteristics, through in situ modulations by applying an external electric field. Second, the various methods for radiation beam scanning and beam reconfigurability are discussed through reflectarray and leaky-wave graphene antennas. In particular, numerous graphene antenna photodetectors and graphene rectennas for energy harvesting are studied by giving a critical evaluation of antenna performances, enhanced photodetection, energy conversion efficiency and the significant problems that remain to be addressed. Finally, the potential developments in the synthesis of graphene material and technological methods involved in the fabrication of graphene–metal nanoantennas are discussed.

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Mohammad Alavirad, Mohammad Alavirad, Anthony Olivieri Anthony Olivieri, Langis Roy Langis Roy, and Pierre Berini Pierre Berini. "Fabrication of electrically contacted plasmonic Schottky nanoantennas on silicon." Chinese Optics Letters 16, no. 5 (2018): 050007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201816.050007.

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Fujii, Minoru, and Hiroshi Sugimoto. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Enhancement of Magnetic Dipole Transition of Molecules By Silicon Nanoparticle Nanoantenna." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 20 (July 7, 2022): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01201081mtgabs.

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A nanoantenna is a nanodevice that manipulates light propagation and enhances light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. Integration of an emitter into a nanoantenna capable of increasing local density of photonic states at the emission wavelength results in the enhanced spontaneous emission rate (Purcell effect). The most widely studied nanoantennas for the Purcell enhancement are plasmonic nanoantennas made from gold or silver nanostructures supporting surface plasmon resonances. In most cases, nanoantennas have been used for the enhancement of electric dipole-allowed transition of a molecule. In addition, recently, nanoantennas capable of enhancing magnetic dipole transition of a molecule are attracting attention. For the magnetic Purcell enhancement, nanoantennas have to have magnetic resonances at the optical frequency. Although it is possible to achieve magnetic resonances at the optical frequency by plasmonic nanostructures, the inherent absorption loss of noble metals limits the magnetic Purcell enhancement. On the other hand, nanoparticles of high refractive index dielectrics inherently have low-loss magnetic-type Mie resonances at the optical frequency, and thus are potentially more attractive as a material to realize large magnetic Purcell enhancement. We have developed spherical nanoparticles of crystalline silicon (Si) having the magnetic dipole (MD) and quadrupole (MQ) Mie resonances at the optical frequency [1]. In this work, to demonstrate the potential of a Si nanoparticle as a nanoantenna for the magnetic Purcell enhancement, we develop a composite nanoparticle, that is, a Si nanosphere decorated with europium ion (Eu3+) complexes, in which magnetic dipole emission of Eu3+ is efficiently coupled to the magnetic Mie modes of the nanosphere [2]. We systematically investigate the light scattering and photoluminescence spectra of the coupled system by means of single particle spectroscopy. The results are shown in Figure 1. By tuning the MQ Mie resonance of a Si nanosphere to the 5D0-7F1 magnetic dipole transition of Eu3+, the branching ratio between the magnetic and electric dipole (5D0-7F2) transitions is enhanced up to 7 times. The observed large magnetic Purcell enhancement offers an opportunity to develop novel fluorophores with enhanced magnetic dipole emission. Furthermore, the enhanced magnetic field of dielectric Mie resonators enhances otherwise very weak absorption due to magnetic dipole transition, and makes direct excitation of triplet states of a molecule possible [3]. Direct excitation of triplet states reduces photon energy necessary for energy conversion and chemical reactions utilizing a triplet state compared to a conventional process involving singlet-singlet excitation and singlet-triplet intersystem crossing. [1] H. Sugimoto, et. al., "Mie Resonator Color Inks of Monodispersed and Perfectly Spherical Crystalline Silicon Nanoparticles" Advanced Optical Materials, 8 (2020) 2000033. [2] H. Sugimoto, and Minoru Fujii, "Magnetic Purcell Enhancement by Magnetic Quadrupole Resonance of Dielectric Nanosphere Antenna", ACS Photonics, 8 (2021) 1794. [3] H. Sugimoto, et. al., "Direct Excitation of Triplet State of Molecule by Enhanced Magnetic Field of Dielectric Metasurfaces", Small, 2021, DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104458. Figure 1: Photoluminescence (red curves) and scattering (black curves) spectra of single Si naosphere-Eu3+ complex composite nanoparticles with different Si nanosphere diameters. The diameters are shown at the right end of the figure. Figure 1

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Lv, Jingwei, Debao Wang, Chao Liu, Jianxin Wang, Lin Yang, Wei Liu, Qiang Liu, Haiwei Mu, and Paul K. Chu. "Theoretical Analysis of Hybrid Metal–Dielectric Nanoantennas with Plasmonic Fano Resonance for Optical Sensing." Coatings 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091248.

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A nanoantenna with Fano response is designed with plasmonic oligomers as a refractive index sensor to enhance surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the visible light spectrum. The scattered radiation and field-enhanced interactions of the outer gallium phosphide (GaP) nanoring assembled with an inner heptamer of silver with Fano response are investigated systematically using the finite element method. The characteristics of Fano resonance are found to depend on the size, shape and nature of the materials in the hybrid nanoantenna. The confined electromagnetic field produces a single-point electromagnetic hotspot with up to 159.59 V/m. The sensitivity obtained from the wavelength shift and variation in the scattering cross-section (SCS) shows a maximum value of 550 nm/RIU. The results validate the design concept and demonstrate near-field enhancement, enabling the design of high-performance nanoantennas with enhanced optical sensing and SERS properties.

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Giordano, Maria Caterina, Matteo Barelli, Giuseppe Della Valle, and Francesco Buatier de Mongeot. "Self-Organized Conductive Gratings of Au Nanostripe Dimers Enable Tunable Plasmonic Activity." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041301.

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Plasmonic metasurfaces based on quasi-one-dimensional (1D) nanostripe arrays are homogeneously prepared over large-area substrates (cm2), exploiting a novel self-organized nanofabrication method. Glass templates are nanopatterned by ion beam-induced anisotropic nanoscale wrinkling, enabling the maskless confinement of quasi-1D arrays of out-of-plane tilted gold nanostripes, behaving as transparent wire-grid polarizer nanoelectrodes. These templates enable the dichroic excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances, easily tunable over a broadband spectrum from the visible to the near- and mid-infrared, by tailoring the nanostripes’ shape and/or changing the illumination conditions. The controlled self-organized method allows the engineering of the nanoantennas’ morphology in the form of Au-SiO2-Au nanostripe dimers, which show hybridized plasmonic resonances with enhanced tunability. Under this condition, superior near-field amplification is achievable for the excitation of the hybridized magnetic dipole mode, as pointed out by numerical simulations. The high efficiency of these plasmonic nanoantennas, combined with the controlled tuning of the resonant response, opens a variety of applications for these cost-effective templates, ranging from biosensing and optical spectroscopies to high-resolution molecular imaging and nonlinear optics.

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KUMAR, V. DINESH, ABHINAV BHARDWAJ, DEEPAK MISHRA, and KIYOSHI ASAKAWA. "DIRECTIONAL AND POLARIZATION PROPERTIES OF A PLASMONIC CROSS NANOANTENNA." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 19, no. 04 (December 2010): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863510005418.

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The response of dipole nanoantennas (DNAs) studied widely in optical frequency range is sensitive to polarization of incident field. In this paper, we report the implementation of a cross nanoantenna (CNA) consisting of two orthogonal DNAs with a common feedgap and investigate its directional and polarization properties and compare them with those of the DNA. Interestingly the response of CNA is independent of polarization. We can operate the CNA in turnstile mode by using two identical light sources with cross polarization in phase quadrature. In such a case the radiation from the CNA is found omnidirectional like radio frequency turnstile antenna. We believe CNA could open new possibilities to study the novel phenomenon of light matter interaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a turnstile antenna in optical frequencies.

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Dipalo, Michele, Gabriele C. Messina, Hayder Amin, Rosanna La Rocca, Victoria Shalabaeva, Alessandro Simi, Alessandro Maccione, Pierfrancesco Zilio, Luca Berdondini, and Francesco De Angelis. "3D plasmonic nanoantennas integrated with MEA biosensors." Nanoscale 7, no. 8 (2015): 3703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr05578k.

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Fitzgerald, Jamie M., and Vincenzo Giannini. "Perspective on molecular quantum plasmonic nanoantennas." Journal of Optics 19, no. 6 (May 24, 2017): 060401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aa708d.

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Ni, X., N. K. Emani, A. V. Kildishev, A. Boltasseva, and V. M. Shalaev. "Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas." Science 335, no. 6067 (December 22, 2011): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1214686.

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Aslan, Ekin, Erdem Aslan, Ren Wang, Mi K. Hong, Shyamsunder Erramilli, Mustafa Turkmen, Omer G. Saracoglu, and Luca Dal Negro. "Multispectral Cesaro-Type Fractal Plasmonic Nanoantennas." ACS Photonics 3, no. 11 (November 7, 2016): 2102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00540.

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Yla-Oijala, Pasi, Dimitrios C. Tzarouchis, Elias Raninen, and Ari Sihvola. "Characteristic Mode Analysis of Plasmonic Nanoantennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, no. 5 (May 2017): 2165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2017.2677921.

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Maksymov, Ivan S. "Magneto-plasmonic nanoantennas: Basics and applications." Reviews in Physics 1 (November 2016): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revip.2016.03.002.

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Portela, Alejandro, Takaaki Yano, Christian Santschi, Hiroaki Matsui, Tomohiro Hayashi, Masahiko Hara, Olivier J. F. Martin, and Hitoshi Tabata. "Spectral tunability of realistic plasmonic nanoantennas." Applied Physics Letters 105, no. 9 (September 2014): 091105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4894633.

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Denkova, Denitza, Niels Verellen, Alejandro V. Silhanek, Pol Van Dorpe, and Victor V. Moshchalkov. "Plasmonic Nanoantennas: Lateral Magnetic Near-Field Imaging of Plasmonic Nanoantennas With Increasing Complexity (Small 10/2014)." Small 10, no. 10 (May 2014): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201470060.

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Accanto, Nicolò, Pablo M. de Roque, Marcial Galvan-Sosa, Ion M. Hancu, and Niek F. van Hulst. "Selective excitation of individual nanoantennas by pure spectral phase control in the ultrafast coherent regime." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (September 7, 2020): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0406.

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AbstractCoherent control is an ingenious tactic to steer a system to a desired optimal state by tailoring the phase of an incident ultrashort laser pulse. A relevant process is the two-photon–induced photoluminescence (TPPL) of nanoantennas, as it constitutes a convenient route to map plasmonic fields, and has important applications in biological imaging and sensing. Unfortunately, coherent control of metallic nanoantennas is impeded by their ultrafast femtosecond dephasing times so far limiting control to polarization and spectral optimization. Here, we report that phase control of the TPPL in resonant gold nanoantennas is possible. We show that, by compressing pulses shorter than the localized surface plasmon dephasing time (<20 fs), a very fast coherent regime develops, in which the two-photon excitation is sensitive to the phase of the electric field and can therefore be controlled. Instead, any phase control is gone when using longer pulses. Finally, we demonstrate pure phase control by resorting to a highly sensitive closed-loop strategy, which exploits the phase differences in the ultrafast coherent response of different nanoantennas, to selectively excite a chosen antenna. These results underline the direct and intimate relation between TPPL and coherence in gold nanoantennas, which makes them interesting systems for nanoscale nonlinear coherent control.

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Pineider, Francesco, Esteban Pedrueza-Villalmanzo, Michele Serri, Addis Mekonnen Adamu, Evgeniya Smetanina, Valentina Bonanni, Giulio Campo, et al. "Plasmon-enhanced magneto-optical detection of single-molecule magnets." Materials Horizons 6, no. 6 (2019): 1148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8mh01548a.

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Niu, Caixia, Manshu Peng, Ying You, Ruihua Wang, Yijing Jia, Tianxin Xie, Jinyu Wang, Na Na, and Jin Ouyang. "A comparative study of plasmonic-enhanced single-molecule fluorescence induced by gold nanoantennas and its application for illuminating telomerase." Chemical Communications 53, no. 41 (2017): 5633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc01330b.

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Vavassori. "Magneto-Plasmonic Nanostructures and Crystals." Proceedings 26, no. 1 (September 5, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019026002.

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The fundamentals aspects of the key physics underlying the optical behavior of magneto-plasmonic nanoantennas are briefly introduced. A survey of applications to a variety of emerging technologies is presented as an example of their broad scientific and technological perspectives.

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