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1
Liu, Sheng Jun. "The Plasmonic Nanostructures Applied in the Photovoltaic Cell." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.186.
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Plasmonic, including of located surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface plasmon polariton (SPP), is a special kind of electromagnetic mode in nanometer scale. Plasmonic nanostructures can be generated to improving the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In the paper, the concepts of plasmonic and their influences by different metal nanostructure were introduced. Then the different principles of light utilization of plasmonic nanostructure in thin film photovoltaic cell was analyzed.
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Wu, Yuyang, Peng Xie, Qi Ding, Yuhang Li, Ling Yue, Hong Zhang, and Wei Wang. "Magnetic plasmons in plasmonic nanostructures: An overview." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 030902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131903.
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The magnetic response of most natural materials, characterized by magnetic permeability, is generally weak. Particularly, in the optical range, the weakness of magnetic effects is directly related to the asymmetry between electric and magnetic charges. Harnessing artificial magnetism started with a pursuit of metamaterial design exhibiting magnetic properties. The first demonstration of artificial magnetism was given by a plasmonic nanostructure called split-ring resonators. Engineered circulating currents form magnetic plasmons, acting as the source of artificial magnetism in response to external electromagnetic excitation. In the past two decades, magnetic plasmons supported by plasmonic nanostructures have become an active topic of study. This Perspective reviews the latest studies on magnetic plasmons in plasmonic nanostructures. A comprehensive summary of various plasmonic nanostructures supporting magnetic plasmons, including split-ring resonators, metal–insulator–metal structures, metallic deep groove arrays, and plasmonic nanoclusters, is presented. Fundamental studies and applications based on magnetic plasmons are discussed. The formidable challenges and the prospects of the future study directions on developing magnetic plasmonic nanostructures are proposed.
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Bhattarai, Jay K., Md Helal Uddin Maruf, and Keith J. Stine. "Plasmonic-Active Nanostructured Thin Films." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010115.
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Plasmonic-active nanomaterials are of high interest to scientists because of their expanding applications in the field for medicine and energy. Chemical and biological sensors based on plasmonic nanomaterials are well-established and commercially available, but the role of plasmonic nanomaterials on photothermal therapeutics, solar cells, super-resolution imaging, organic synthesis, etc. is still emerging. The effectiveness of the plasmonic materials on these technologies depends on their stability and sensitivity. Preparing plasmonics-active nanostructured thin films (PANTFs) on a solid substrate improves their physical stability. More importantly, the surface plasmons of thin film and that of nanostructures can couple in PANTFs enhancing the sensitivity. A PANTF can be used as a transducer for any of the three plasmonic-based sensing techniques, namely, the propagating surface plasmon, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensing techniques. Additionally, continuous nanostructured metal films have an advantage for implementing electrical controls such as simultaneous sensing using both plasmonic and electrochemical techniques. Although research and development on PANTFs have been rapidly advancing, very few reviews on synthetic methods have been published. In this review, we provide some fundamental and practical aspects of plasmonics along with the recent advances in PANTFs synthesis, focusing on the advantages and shortcomings of the fabrication techniques. We also provide an overview of different types of PANTFs and their sensitivity for biosensing.
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Piaskowski, Joshua, and Gilles R. Bourret. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Plasmonic Nanostructures." Molecules 27, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082485.
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Thanks to their tunable and strong interaction with light, plasmonic nanostructures have been investigated for a wide range of applications. In most cases, controlling the electric field enhancement at the metal surface is crucial. This can be achieved by controlling the metal nanostructure size, shape, and location in three dimensions, which is synthetically challenging. Electrochemical methods can provide a reliable, simple, and cost-effective approach to nanostructure metals with a high degree of geometrical freedom. Herein, we review the use of electrochemistry to synthesize metal nanostructures in the context of plasmonics. Both template-free and templated electrochemical syntheses are presented, along with their strengths and limitations. While template-free techniques can be used for the mass production of low-cost but efficient plasmonic substrates, templated approaches offer an unprecedented synthetic control. Thus, a special emphasis is given to templated electrochemical lithographies, which can be used to synthesize complex metal architectures with defined dimensions and compositions in one, two and three dimensions. These techniques provide a spatial resolution down to the sub-10 nanometer range and are particularly successful at synthesizing well-defined metal nanoscale gaps that provide very large electric field enhancements, which are relevant for both fundamental and applied research in plasmonics.
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Khan, Pritam, Grace Brennan, James Lillis, Syed A. M. Tofail, Ning Liu, and Christophe Silien. "Characterisation and Manipulation of Polarisation Response in Plasmonic and Magneto-Plasmonic Nanostructures and Metamaterials." Symmetry 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12081365.
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Optical properties of metal nanostructures, governed by the so-called localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects, have invoked intensive investigations in recent times owing to their fundamental nature and potential applications. LSPR scattering from metal nanostructures is expected to show the symmetry of the oscillation mode and the particle shape. Therefore, information on the polarisation properties of the LSPR scattering is crucial for identifying different oscillation modes within one particle and to distinguish differently shaped particles within one sample. On the contrary, the polarisation state of light itself can be arbitrarily manipulated by the inverse designed sample, known as metamaterials. Apart from polarisation state, external stimulus, e.g., magnetic field also controls the LSPR scattering from plasmonic nanostructures, giving rise to a new field of magneto-plasmonics. In this review, we pay special attention to polarisation and its effect in three contrasting aspects. First, tailoring between LSPR scattering and symmetry of plasmonic nanostructures, secondly, manipulating polarisation state through metamaterials and lastly, polarisation modulation in magneto-plasmonics. Finally, we will review recent progress in applications of plasmonic and magneto-plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials in various fields.
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Genç, Aziz, Javier Patarroyo, Jordi Sancho-Parramon, Neus G. Bastús, Victor Puntes, and Jordi Arbiol. "Hollow metal nanostructures for enhanced plasmonics: synthesis, local plasmonic properties and applications." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0124.
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AbstractMetallic nanostructures have received great attention due to their ability to generate surface plasmon resonances, which are collective oscillations of conduction electrons of a material excited by an electromagnetic wave. Plasmonic metal nanostructures are able to localize and manipulate the light at the nanoscale and, therefore, are attractive building blocks for various emerging applications. In particular, hollow nanostructures are promising plasmonic materials as cavities are known to have better plasmonic properties than their solid counterparts thanks to the plasmon hybridization mechanism. The hybridization of the plasmons results in the enhancement of the plasmon fields along with more homogeneous distribution as well as the reduction of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) quenching due to absorption. In this review, we summarize the efforts on the synthesis of hollow metal nanostructures with an emphasis on the galvanic replacement reaction. In the second part of this review, we discuss the advancements on the characterization of plasmonic properties of hollow nanostructures, covering the single nanoparticle experiments, nanoscale characterization via electron energy-loss spectroscopy and modeling and simulation studies. Examples of the applications, i.e. sensing, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photothermal ablation therapy of cancer, drug delivery or catalysis among others, where hollow nanostructures perform better than their solid counterparts, are also evaluated.
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Sebek, Matej, Ahmed Elbana, Arash Nemati, Jisheng Pan, Ze Xiang Shen, Minghui Hong, Xiaodi Su, Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh, and Jinghua Teng. "Hybrid Plasmonics and Two-Dimensional Materials: Theory and Applications." Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 08, no. 01n02 (March 2020): 2030001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237320300016.
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The inherent thinness of two-dimensional 2D materials limits their efficiency of light-matter interactions and the high loss of noble metal plasmonic nanostructures limits their applicability. Thus, a combination of 2D materials and plasmonics is highly attractive. This review describes the progress in the field of 2D plasmonics, which encompasses 2D plasmonic materials and hybrid plasmonic-2D materials structures. Novel plasmonic 2D materials, plasmon-exciton interaction within 2D materials and applications comprising sensors, photodetectors and, metasurfaces are discussed.
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Moskovits, Martin. "Canada’s early contributions to plasmonics." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 6 (June 2019): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2018-0365.
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The field of plasmonics — the study of collective electron excitation in nanostructured metal and other conductors — is currently highly active with research foci in a number of related fields, including plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies and plasmon-mediated photochemical and photocatalytic processes through which the energy stored temporarily as plasmons can be used to enable and (or) accelerate photochemistry. This enhancement is accomplished either by the action of the large optical fields produced in the vicinity of plasmonic nanostructures or mediated by the energetic electrons and holes surviving transiently following the dephasing of the plasmon. This article traces the early contributions to the foundation of the current field of plasmonics by two scientists working in Canada in the early 1970s, J. P. Marton at McMaster University and Welwyn Corporation and the current author while he was at the University of Toronto.
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Leach, Gary W., Sasan V. Grayli, Finlay MacNab, Xin Zhang, and Saeid Kamal. "Hot Electron Extraction Enabled By Single-Crystal Metal Films and Nanostructures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 13 (July 7, 2022): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0113925mtgabs.
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In contrast to conventional photovoltaic devices which rely on bulk semiconductor material absorption and separation of electron-hole pairs, surface plasmon-based solar energy harvesting employs rectifying metal/dielectric interfaces to capture light and separate charges. Here, we describe the requirements for efficient hot electron extraction in plasmonic photovoltaic devices and demonstrate a new scalable and environmentally friendly electroless deposition method for single-crystal epitaxial noble metals films and nanostructures. The method produces ultra-smooth, low loss, single-crystal noble metal films ideal for subtractive patterning of nanostructures through ion beam milling, and high definition, sub-wavelength single crystal nanostructures through lithographic patterning methods. We describe the nucleation and growth of these metal films and nanostructures in the absence and presence of anionic shape-control agents and examine the role of specific anions in determining the resulting film and nanostructure morphologies via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). These effects have been exploited to yield large area patterned, and shape-controlled nanoarrays of single crystal metal nanostructures for plasmonic and metamaterial applications. These approaches offer new and cost effective routes to achieve crystalline, shape-controlled surface nanostructure to enable efficient hot electron extraction for energy harvesting and catalysis applications and new noble metal alloys for improved electrocatalysis.
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Xia, Younan, and Naomi J. Halas. "Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Surface Plasmonic Properties of Metallic Nanostructures." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 5 (May 2005): 338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.96.
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AbstractThe interaction of light with free electrons in a gold or silver nanostructure can give rise to collective excitations commonly known as surface plasmons. Plasmons provide a powerful means of confining light to metal/dielectric interfaces, which in turn can generate intense local electromagnetic fields and significantly amplify the signal derived from analytical techniques that rely on light, such as Raman scattering. With plasmons, photonic signals can be manipulated on the nanoscale, enabling integration with electronics (which is now moving into the nano regime). However, to benefit from their interesting plasmonic properties, metal structures of controlled shape (and size) must be fabricated on the nanoscale. This issue of MRS Bulletin examines how gold and silver nanostructures can be prepared with controllable shapes to tailor their surface plasmon resonances and highlights some of the unique applications that result, including enhancement of electromagnetic fields, optical imaging, light transmission, colorimetric sensing, and nanoscale waveguiding.
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Zhao, Chenglong, Jiasen Zhang, and Yongmin Liu. "Light manipulation with encoded plasmonic nanostructures." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 1 (2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2014006.
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Plasmonics, which allows for manipulation of light field beyond the fundamental diffraction limit, has recently attracted tremendous research efforts. The propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) confined on a metal-dielectric interface provide an ideal two-dimensional (2D) platform to develop subwavelength optical circuits for on-chip information processing and communication. The surface plasmon resonance of rationally designed metallic nanostructures, on the other hand, enables pronounced phase and polarization modulation for light beams travelling in three-dimensional (3D) free space. Flexible 2D and free-space propagating light manipulation can be achieved by encoding plasmonic nanostructures on a 2D surface, promising the design, fabrication and integration of the next-generation optical architectures with substantially reduced footprint. It is envisioned that the encoded plasmonic nanostructures can significantly expand available toolboxes for novel light manipulation. In this review, we presents the fundamentals, recent developments and future perspectives in this emerging field, aiming to open up new avenues to developing revolutionary photonic devices.
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Bhalla, Nikhil, Aditya Jain, Yoonjoo Lee, Amy Q. Shen, and Doojin Lee. "Dewetting Metal Nanofilms—Effect of Substrate on Refractive Index Sensitivity of Nanoplasmonic Gold." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2019): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111530.
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The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensitivity of metal nanostructures is strongly dependent on the interaction between the supporting substrate and the metal nanostructure, which may cause a change in the local refractive index of the metal nanostructure. Among various techniques used for the development of LSPR chip preparation, solid-state dewetting of nanofilms offers fast and cost effective methods to fabricate large areas of nanostructures on a given substrate. Most of the previous studies have focused on the effect of the size, shape, and inter-particle distance of the metal nanostructures on the LSPR sensitivity. In this work, we reveal that the silicon-based supporting substrate influences the LSPR associated refractive index sensitivity of gold (Au) nanostructures designed for sensing applications. Specifically, we develop Au nanostructures on four different silicon-based ceramic substrates (Si, SiO2, Si3N4, SiC) by thermal dewetting process and demonstrate that the dielectric properties of these ceramic substrates play a key role in the LSPR-based refractive index (RI) sensitivity of the Au nanostructures. Among these Si-supported Au plasmonic refractive index (RI) sensors, the Au nanostructures on the SiC substrates display the highest average RI sensitivity of 247.80 nm/RIU, for hemispherical Au nanostructures of similar shapes and sizes. Apart from the significance of this work towards RI sensing applications, our results can be advantageous for a wide range of applications where sensitive plasmonic substrates need to be incorporated in silicon based optoelectronic devices.
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TAN, SHAWN J., XIAO MING GOH, YING MIN WANG, JOEL K. W. YANG, and JINGHUA TENG. "ENGINEERING PLASMONIC COLORS IN METAL NANOSTRUCTURES." Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 02, no. 02 (June 2014): 1440011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237314400115.
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Plasmonic nanostructures hold immense potential for structure-based color engineering at the subwavelength length scale. In this paper, we will review representative works that demonstrate promising strategies to exploit the rich mechanisms of surface plasmons for color engineering across the visible spectrum. By varying the structural design and material composition of plasmonic nanostructures through chemical synthesis or lithography, these approaches can achieve highly controllable and tunable colors for a wide variety of applications. We will also critically discuss the applications of these state-of-the-art technologies in color filtering, color printing and color-based chemical and biological sensing.
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Vasiljevic, Natasa, Vinicius Cruz San Martin, and Andrei Sarua. "Electrodeposition of Plasmonic Nanostructures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 23 (October 9, 2022): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0223985mtgabs.
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Electrochemical control and the use of electrodeposition in the design of dynamic plasmonics have attracted much attention in recent years.1 Development of dynamic plasmonic metamaterials is attractive for many applications such as molecular sensing and analysis, environmental monitoring, photo-catalysis, colour changing displays and electrochromic devices such as 'smart' windows. Electrodeposition is one of the most attractive ways to create and reversibly transform nanostructures' shape, size and chemical composition.2,3 Plasmonics is related to the localised surface excitations of electrons in metal nanostructures due to strong interactions with light. The resulted electric field enhancement due to the surface plasmons can be used to manipulate light–matter. Nanostructured Ag and Au are classic plasmonic materials. While silver is a metal that exhibits many advantages over gold, such as higher extinction coefficients in the blue and UV region of the EM spectrum, sharper extinction bands and extremely high field enhancements, its employment is hindered by low chemical stability. The most recent theoretical analysis suggests that Au-Ag derived nanostructures with controlled geometry, composition, and distribution can create new interesting optical phenomena.4 By developing Au-Ag based nanostructures, we can then benefit from combining optical properties of Au and Ag and, at the same time, improve the chemical stability of silver. We investigated the electrodeposition of Au and Ag-based arrays of ordered and random nano-particles on indium tin oxide substrates from different solutions and studied their optical properties. We demonstrated that varying the electrodeposition parameters led to changes in both the resonance wavelength and the strength of resonance linked to the structural characteristics (size and shape) and the chemical composition of the deposited particles. Exploration of the dynamic reversible changes via electrodeposition will be presented. References: Y. Jin, L. Zhou, J. Liang, and J. Zhu, Adv. Photon., 3(4), 044002 (2021). G. Wang, X. Chen, S. Liu, C. Wong, S. Chu, ACS Nano, 10 (2), 1788–1794, (2016) C. J. Barile, D. J. Slotcavage, J. Hou, M. T. Strand, T. S. Hernandez, M. D. McGehee, Joule 1 (1), 133-145 (2017) G. Guisbiers, R. Mendoza-Cruz, L. Bazan-Diaz, J. J. Velazquez-Salazar, R. Mendoza-Perez, J. A. Robledo-Torres, J. L. Rodriguez-Lopez, J. M. Montejano-Carrizales, R. L. Whetten, Jose-Yacaman, M. ACS Nano, 10(1), 188-198, (2016)
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Kvítek, Ondřej, Jakub Siegel, Vladimír Hnatowicz, and Václav Švorčík. "Noble Metal Nanostructures Influence of Structure and Environment on Their Optical Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/743684.
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Optical properties of nanostructured materials, isolated nanoparticles, and structures composed of both metals and semiconductors are broadly discussed. Fundamentals of the origin of surface plasmons as well as the surface plasmon resonance sensing are described and documented on a number of examples. Localized plasmon sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are subjected to special interest since those techniques are inherently associated with the direct application of plasmonic structures. The possibility of tailoring the optical properties of ultra-thin metal layers via controlling their shape and morphology by postdeposition annealing is documented. Special attention is paid to the contribution of bimetallic particles and layers as well as metal structures encapsulated in semiconductors and dielectrics to the optical response. The opportunity to tune the properties of materials over a large scale of values opens up entirely new application possibilities of optical active structures. The nature of surface plasmons predetermines noble metal nanostructures to be promising great materials for development of modern label-free sensing methods based on plasmon resonance—SPR and LSPR sensing.
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Liu, Jianxun, Huilin He, Dong Xiao, Shengtao Yin, Wei Ji, Shouzhen Jiang, Dan Luo, Bing Wang, and Yanjun Liu. "Recent Advances of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and their Applications." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101833.
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In the past half-century, surface plasmon resonance in noble metallic nanoparticles has been an important research subject. Recent advances in the synthesis, assembly, characterization, and theories of traditional and non-traditional metal nanostructures open a new pathway to the kaleidoscopic applications of plasmonics. However, accurate and precise models of plasmon resonance are still challenging, as its characteristics can be affected by multiple factors. We herein summarize the recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles and their applications, particularly regarding the fundamentals and applications of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in Au nanoparticles, plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence, and plasmonic chiral metasurfaces.
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Dong, Jun, Zhenglong Zhang, Hairong Zheng, and Mentao Sun. "Recent Progress on Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence." Nanophotonics 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 472–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0028.
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AbstractThe optically generated collective electron density waves on metal–dielectric boundaries known as surface plasmons have been of great scientific interest since their discovery. Being electromagnetic waves on gold or silver nanoparticle’s surface, localised surface plasmons (LSP) can strongly enhance the electromagnetic field. These strong electromagnetic fields near the metal surfaces have been used in various applications like surface enhanced spectroscopy (SES), plasmonic lithography, plasmonic trapping of particles, and plasmonic catalysis. Resonant coupling of LSPs to fluorophore can strongly enhance the emission intensity, the angular distribution, and the polarisation of the emitted radiation and even the speed of radiative decay, which is so-called plasmon enhanced fluorescence (PEF). As a result, more and more reports on surface-enhanced fluorescence have appeared, such as SPASER-s, plasmon assisted lasing, single molecule fluorescence measurements, surface plasmoncoupled emission (SPCE) in biological sensing, optical orbit designs etc. In this review, we focus on recent advanced reports on plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF). First, the mechanism of PEF and early results of enhanced fluorescence observed by metal nanostructure will be introduced. Then, the enhanced substrates, including periodical and nonperiodical nanostructure, will be discussed and the most important factor of the spacer between molecule and surface and wavelength dependence on PEF is demonstrated. Finally, the recent progress of tipenhanced fluorescence and PEF from the rare-earth doped up-conversion (UC) and down-conversion (DC) nanoparticles (NPs) are also commented upon. This review provides an introduction to fundamentals of PEF, illustrates the current progress in the design of metallic nanostructures for efficient fluorescence signal amplification that utilises propagating and localised surface plasmons.
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Kalita, Dhiman, Jiten Kumar Deuri, Puspanjali Sahu, and Unnikrishnan Manju. "Plasmonic nanostructure integrated two-dimensional materials for optoelectronic devices." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 24 (February 17, 2022): 243001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac5191.
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Abstract Last decade has seen an explosion in the exploration of two-dimensional materials for optoelectronic applications owing to their novel optical and electronic properties. However, these materials, in general, are poor light absorbers with restricted spectral responsivity which limits their efficiency. Integration of these two-dimensional materials with each other and with plasmonic metal nanostructures enhances their light absorption efficiency and also influence the electronic properties. This review highlights the optical and electronic properties of two-dimensional materials integrated with other plasmonic two- dimensional materials or with plasmonic metal nanostructures. In addition, an overview of the optoelectronic properties of plasmonic nanostructure integrated two-dimensional heterostructures is also presented.
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Chen, Kai, Eunice Sok Ping Leong, Michael Rukavina, Tadaaki Nagao, Yan Jun Liu, and Yuebing Zheng. "Active molecular plasmonics: tuning surface plasmon resonances by exploiting molecular dimensions." Nanophotonics 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2015): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0007.
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Abstract:Molecular plasmonics explores and exploits the molecule–plasmon interactions on metal nanostructures to harness light at the nanoscale for nanophotonic spectroscopy and devices. With the functional molecules and polymers that change their structural, electrical, and/or optical properties in response to external stimuli such as electric fields and light, one can dynamically tune the plasmonic properties for enhanced or new applications, leading to a new research area known as active molecular plasmonics (AMP). Recent progress in molecular design, tailored synthesis, and self-assembly has enabled a variety of scenarios of plasmonic tuning for a broad range of AMP applications. Dimension (i.e., zero-, two-, and threedimensional) of the molecules on metal nanostructures has proved to be an effective indicator for defining the specific scenarios. In this review article, we focus on structuring the field of AMP based on the dimension of molecules and discussing the state of the art of AMP. Our perspective on the upcoming challenges and opportunities in the emerging field of AMP is also included.
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Patra, Partha Pratim, Rohit Chikkaraddy, Sreeja Thampi, Ravi P. N. Tripathi, and G. V. Pavan Kumar. "Large-scale dynamic assembly of metal nanostructures in plasmofluidic field." Faraday Discussions 186 (2016): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00127g.
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We discuss two aspects of the plasmofluidic assembly of plasmonic nanostructures at the metal–fluid interface. First, we experimentally show how three and four spot evanescent-wave excitation can lead to unconventional assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles at the metal–fluid interface. We observed that the pattern of assembly was mainly governed by the plasmon interference pattern at the metal–fluid interface, and further led to interesting dynamic effects within the assembly. The interference patterns were corroborated by 3D finite-difference time-domain simulations. Secondly, we show how anisotropic geometry, such as Ag nanowires, can be assembled and aligned in unstructured and structured plasmofluidic fields. We found that by structuring the metal-film, Ag nanowires can be aligned at the metal–fluid interface with a single evanescent-wave excitation, thus highlighting the prospect of assembling plasmonic circuits in a fluid. An interesting aspect of our method is that we obtain the assembly at locations away from the excitation points, thus leading to remote assembly of nanostructures. The results discussed herein may have implications in realizing a platform for reconfigurable plasmonic metamaterials, and a test-bed to understand the effect of plasmon interference on assembly of nanostructures in fluids.
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Gahlaut, Shashank K., Anisha Pathak, and Banshi D. Gupta. "Recent Advances in Silver Nanostructured Substrates for Plasmonic Sensors." Biosensors 12, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12090713.
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Noble metal nanostructures are known to confine photon energies to their dimensions with resonant oscillations of their conduction electrons, leading to the ultrahigh enhancement of electromagnetic fields in numerous spectroscopic methods. Of all the possible plasmonic nanomaterials, silver offers the most intriguing properties, such as best field enhancements and tunable resonances in visible-to-near infrared regions. This review highlights the recent developments in silver nanostructured substrates for plasmonic sensing with the main emphasis on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) over the past decade. The main focus is on the synthesis of silver nanostructured substrates via physical vapor deposition and chemical synthesis routes and their applications in each sensing regime. A comprehensive review of recent literature on various possible silver nanostructures prepared through these methodologies is discussed and critically reviewed for various planar and optical fiber-based substrates.
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Thrithamarassery Gangadharan, Deepak, Zhenhe Xu, Yanlong Liu, Ricardo Izquierdo, and Dongling Ma. "Recent advancements in plasmon-enhanced promising third-generation solar cells." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 153–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0111.
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AbstractThe unique optical properties possessed by plasmonic noble metal nanostructures in consequence of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are useful in diverse applications like photovoltaics, sensing, non-linear optics, hydrogen generation, and photocatalytic pollutant degradation. The incorporation of plasmonic metal nanostructures into solar cells provides enhancement in light absorption and scattering cross-section (via LSPR), tunability of light absorption profile especially in the visible region of the solar spectrum, and more efficient charge carrier separation, hence maximizing the photovoltaic efficiency. This review discusses about the recent development of different plasmonic metal nanostructures, mainly based on Au or Ag, and their applications in promising third-generation solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot-based solar cells, and perovskite solar cells.
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Chen, Hongjun, and Lianzhou Wang. "Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (May 23, 2014): 696–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.82.
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To better utilize the sunlight for efficient solar energy conversion, the research on visible-light active photocatalysts has recently attracted a lot of interest. The photosensitization of transition metal oxides is a promising approach for achieving effective visible-light photocatalysis. This review article primarily discusses the recent progress in the realm of a variety of nanostructured photosensitizers such as quantum dots, plasmonic metal nanostructures, and carbon nanostructures for coupling with wide-bandgap transition metal oxides to design better visible-light active photocatalysts. The underlying mechanisms of the composite photocatalysts, e.g., the light-induced charge separation and the subsequent visible-light photocatalytic reaction processes in environmental remediation and solar fuel generation fields, are also introduced. A brief outlook on the nanostructure photosensitization is also given.
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Sun, Jiawei, Yang Li, Huatian Hu, Wen Chen, Di Zheng, Shunping Zhang, and Hongxing Xu. "Strong plasmon–exciton coupling in transition metal dichalcogenides and plasmonic nanostructures." Nanoscale 13, no. 8 (2021): 4408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr08592h.
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Tatmyshevskiy, Mikhail K., Dmitry I. Yakubovsky, Olesya O. Kapitanova, Valentin R. Solovey, Andrey A. Vyshnevyy, Georgy A. Ermolaev, Yuri A. Klishin, et al. "Hybrid Metal-Dielectric-Metal Sandwiches for SERS Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123205.
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The development of efficient plasmonic nanostructures with controlled and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals is an important task for the evolution of ultrasensitive sensor-related methods. One of the methods to improving the characteristics of nanostructures is the development of hybrid structures that include several types of materials. Here, we experimentally investigate ultrathin gold films (3–9 nm) near the percolation threshold on Si/Au/SiO2 and Si/Au/SiO2/graphene multilayer structures. The occurring field enhanced (FE) effects were characterized by a recording of SERS signal from Crystal Violet dye. In this geometry, the overall FE principally benefits from the combination of two mechanisms. The first one is associated with plasmon excitation in Au clusters located closest to each other. The second is due to the gap plasmons’ excitation in a thin dielectric layer between the mirror and corrugated gold layers. Experimentally obtained SERS signals from sandwiched structures fabricated with Au film of 100 nm as a reflector, dielectric SiO2 spacer of 50 nm and ultrathin gold atop could reach SERS enhancements of up to around seven times relative to gold films near the percolation threshold deposited on a standard glass substrate. The close contiguity of the analyte to graphene and nanostructured Au efficiently quenches the fluorescent background of the model compound. The obtained result shows that the strategy of combining ultrathin nano-island gold films near the percolation threshold with gap plasmon resonances is promising for the design of highly efficient SERS substrates for potential applications in ultrasensitive Raman detection.
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Chu, Shuwen, Yuzhang Liang, Mengdi Lu, Huizhen Yuan, Yi Han, Jean-Francois Masson, and Wei Peng. "Mode-Coupling Generation Using ITO Nanodisk Arrays with Au Substrate Enabling Narrow-Band Biosensing." Biosensors 13, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13060649.
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Plasmonic metal nanostructures have promising applications in biosensing due to their ability to facilitate light–matter interaction. However, the damping of noble metal leads to a wide full width at half maximum (FWHM) spectrum which restricts sensing capabilities. Herein, we present a novel non-full-metal nanostructure sensor, namely indium tin oxide (ITO)–Au nanodisk arrays consisting of periodic arrays of ITO nanodisk arrays and a continuous gold substrate. A narrow-band spectral feature under normal incidence emerges in the visible region, corresponding to the mode-coupling of surface plasmon modes, which are excited by lattice resonance at metal interfaces with magnetic resonance mode. The FWHM of our proposed nanostructure is barely 14 nm, which is one fifth of that of full-metal nanodisk arrays, and effectively improves the sensing performance. Furthermore, the thickness variation of nanodisks hardly affects the sensing performance of this ITO-based nanostructure, ensuring excellent tolerance during preparation. We fabricate the sensor ship using template transfer and vacuum deposition techniques to achieve large-area and low-cost nanostructure preparation. The sensing performance is used to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein molecules, promoting the widespread application of plasmonic nanostructures in label-free biomedical studies and point-of-care diagnostics. The introduction of dielectric materials effectively reduces FWHM, but sacrifices sensitivity. Therefore, utilizing structural configurations or introducing other materials to generate mode-coupling and hybridization is an effective way to provide local field enhancement and effective regulation.
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Kosobukin, V. A. "Plasmon-excitonic polaritons in metal-semiconductor nanostructures with quantum wells." Физика и техника полупроводников 52, no. 5 (2018): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.05.45846.35.
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AbstractA theory of plasmon-exciton coupling and its spectroscopy is developed for metal-semiconductor nanostructures. Considered as a model is a periodic superlattice with cells consisting of a quantum well and a layer of metal nanoparticles. The problem is solved self-consistently using the electrodynamic Green’s functions taking account of resonant polarization. Coulomb plasmon-exciton interaction is associated with the dipole surface plasmons of particles and their image charges due to excitonic polarization of neighboring quantum well. Optical reflection spectra are numerically investigated for superlattices with GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and silver nanoparticles. Superradiant regime caused by one-dimensional Bragg diffraction is studied for plasmonic, excitonic and plasmon-excitonic polaritons depending on the number of supercells. The plasmon-excitonic Rabi splitting is shown to occur in reflectivity spectra of resonant Bragg structures.
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Milekhin, Ilya A., Alexander G. Milekhin, and Dietrich R. T. Zahn. "Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering by CdSe Nanocrystals on Plasmonic Substrates." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132197.
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This work presents an overview of the latest results and new data on the optical response from spherical CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) obtained using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). SERS is based on the enhancement of the phonon response from nanoobjects such as molecules or inorganic nanostructures placed on metal nanostructured substrates with a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). A drastic SERS enhancement for optical phonons in semiconductor nanostructures can be achieved by a proper choice of the plasmonic substrate, for which the LSPR energy coincides with the laser excitation energy. The resonant enhancement of the optical response makes it possible to detect mono- and submonolayer coatings of CdSe NCs. The combination of Raman scattering with atomic force microscopy (AFM) using a metallized probe represents the basis of TERS from semiconductor nanostructures and makes it possible to investigate their phonon properties with nanoscale spatial resolution. Gap-mode TERS provides further enhancement of Raman scattering by optical phonon modes of CdSe NCs with nanometer spatial resolution due to the highly localized electric field in the gap between the metal AFM tip and a plasmonic substrate and opens new pathways for the optical characterization of single semiconductor nanostructures and for revealing details of their phonon spectrum at the nanometer scale.
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Bharti, Amardeep, Ashish K. Agrawal, Balwant Singh, Sanjeev Gautam, and Navdeep Goyal. "Surface plasmon band tailoring of plasmonic nanostructure under the effect of water radiolysis by synchrotron radiation." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 6 (October 17, 2017): 1209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577517013169.
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Plasmonic metal nanostructures have a significant impact on a diverse domain of fields, including photocatalysis, antibacterial, drug vector, biosensors, photovoltaic cell, optical and electronic devices. Metal nanoparticles (MNps) are the simplest nanostructure promising ultrahigh stability, ease of manufacturing and tunable optical response. Silver nanoparticles (AgNp) dominate in the class of MNps because of their relatively high abundance, chemical activity and unique physical properties. Although MNps offer the desired physical properties, most of the synthesis and fabrication methods lag at the electronic grade due to an unbidden secondary product as a result of the direct chemical reduction process. In this paper, a facile protocol is presented for fabricating high-yield in situ plasmonic AgNps under monochromatic X-rays irradiation, without the use of any chemical reducing agent which prevents the formation of secondary products. The ascendancy of this protocol is to produce high quantitative yield with control over the reaction rate, particle size and localized surface plasmon resonance response, and also to provide the feasibility for in situ characterization. The role of X-ray energy, beam flux and integrated dose towards the fabrication of plasmonic nanostructures has been studied. This experiment extends plasmonic research and provides avenues for upgrading production technologies of MNps.
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Csaki, Andrea, Thomas Schneider, Janina Wirth, Norbert Jahr, Andrea Steinbrück, Ondrej Stranik, Frank Garwe, Robert Müller, and Wolfgang Fritzsche. "Molecular plasmonics: light meets molecules at the nanoscale." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1950 (September 13, 2011): 3483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0145.
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Certain metal nanoparticles exhibit the effect of localized surface plasmon resonance when interacting with light, based on collective oscillations of their conduction electrons. The interaction of this effect with molecules is of great interest for a variety of research disciplines, both in optics and in the life sciences. This paper attempts to describe and structure this emerging field of molecular plasmonics, situated between the molecular world and plasmonic effects in metal nanostructures, and demonstrates the potential of these developments for a variety of applications.
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Yeshchenko, O. A., and A. O. Pinchuk. "Thermo-Optical Effects in Plasmonic Metal Nanostructures." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 66, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe66.2.112.
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The effects of the temperature on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in noble metal nanoparticles at various temperatures ranging from 77 to 1190 K are reviewed. A temperature increase results in an appreciable red shift and leads to a broadening of the SPR in the nanoparticles (NPs). This observed thermal expansion along with an increase in the electron-phonon scattering rate with rising temperature emerge as the dominant physical mechanisms producing the red shift and broadening of the SPR. Strong temperature dependence of surface plasmon enhanced photoluminescence from silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) NPs is observed. The quantum photoluminescence yield of Ag nanoparticles decreases as the temperature increases, due to a decrease in the plasmon enhancement resulting from an increase in the electron-phonon scattering rate. An anomalous temperature dependence of the photoluminescence from Cu nanoparticles was also observed; the quantum yield of photoluminescence increases with the temperature. The interplay between the SPR and the interband transitions plays a critical role in this effect. The surface-plasmon involved laser heating of a dense 2D layer of gold (Au) NPs and of Au NPs in water colloids is also examined. A strong increase in the Au NP temperature occurs, when the laser frequency approaches the SPR. This finding supports the resonant plasmonic character of the laser heating of metal NPs. The sharp blue shift of the surface plasmon resonance in colloidal Au NPs at temperatures exceeding the water boiling point indicates the vapor-bubble formation near the surface of the NPs.
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Joshi, Hira, Siddharth Choudhary, and S. Annapoorni. "Composite Nanostructures for Enhanced Plasmonics." Materials Science Forum 950 (April 2019): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.950.165.
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Enhancement in plasmonic response of metal nanoparticles in the form of metal/metal oxide nanocomposites is very interesting from both the theoretical understanding and application. Metal based oxide/Ag nanocomposites were synthesized by polyol process. Metal oxide nanoparticles present in nanocomposites as core and noble metal as a shell are of interest in investigation of plasmonic behavior of noble metals and sensing application. Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) and ZnO were used as oxide core in the form of spherical and rod nanostructures respectively. Presence of Ag was confirmed by XRD and SEM analysis. In this paper we summarize the synthesis and characterization of plasmonic properties of composite nanostructures. Optical absorption studies performed on CoFe2O4@Ag and ZnO@Ag exhibit sharp plasmonic resonance but shifted towards lower wavelength (blue shift). An attempt has been made to explain this shift using the Mie scattering calculations based on size variation and change in the dielectric of the surrounding medium.
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Marinica, Dana Codruta, Mario Zapata, Peter Nordlander, Andrey K. Kazansky, Pedro M. Echenique, Javier Aizpurua, and Andrei G. Borisov. "Active quantum plasmonics." Science Advances 1, no. 11 (December 2015): e1501095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501095.
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The ability of localized surface plasmons to squeeze light and engineer nanoscale electromagnetic fields through electron-photon coupling at dimensions below the wavelength has turned plasmonics into a driving tool in a variety of technological applications, targeting novel and more efficient optoelectronic processes. In this context, the development of active control of plasmon excitations is a major fundamental and practical challenge. We propose a mechanism for fast and active control of the optical response of metallic nanostructures based on exploiting quantum effects in subnanometric plasmonic gaps. By applying an external dc bias across a narrow gap, a substantial change in the tunneling conductance across the junction can be induced at optical frequencies, which modifies the plasmonic resonances of the system in a reversible manner. We demonstrate the feasibility of the concept using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Thus, along with two-dimensional structures, metal nanoparticle plasmonics can benefit from the reversibility, fast response time, and versatility of an active control strategy based on applied bias. The proposed electrical manipulation of light using quantum plasmonics establishes a new platform for many practical applications in optoelectronics.
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Palermo, Giovanna, Roberto Caputo, Antonio De Luca, and Cesare Paolo Umeton. "Control of the optically induced heating of gold nanoparticles." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.706.
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Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have proven to be good nano-sources of heat in the presence of specific electromagnetic radiation. This process, in fact, becomes strongly enhanced under plasmon resonance. In particular, the amount of generated heat and the consequent temperature increase depend on the number of GNPs that are collectively excited and on their relative distance. As a result, the regime of heat localization is deeply controlled by this last parameter. Full Text: PDF ReferencesHutter, E., and Fendler, J. H. "Exploitation of localized surface plasmon resonance". Advanced Materials 16.19, 1685-1706 (2004) CrossRef Liz-Marzán, L. M., Murphy, C. J., & Wang, J. "Nanoplasmonics". Chemical Society Reviews, 43(11), 3820-3822 (2014). CrossRef Maier, S. A. "Plasmonics: fundamentals and applications". Springer Science & Business Media (2007). CrossRef Palpant, B. "Photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles in physics, chemistry and biology". Imperial College Press, London, (2012). DirectLink Baffou, G. and Quidant R. "Thermo-plasmonics: using metallic nanostructures as nanosources of heat". Laser & Photonics Reviews, 7(2):171?187, (2013). CrossRef Pelton, M., Aizpurua, J., & Bryant, G. "Metal?nanoparticle plasmonics". Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2(3), 136-159 (2008). CrossRef Kreibig, U., & Vollmer, M. "Optical properties of metal clusters" (Vol. 25). Springer Science & Business Media (2013). DirectLink J., Prashant K., S. Eustis, and M. A. El-Sayed. "Plasmon coupling in nanorod assemblies: optical absorption, discrete dipole approximation simulation, and exciton-coupling model." The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 (37) 18243-18253 (2006). CrossRef Jain, P. K., & El-Sayed, M. A. "Surface plasmon coupling and its universal size scaling in metal nanostructures of complex geometry: elongated particle pairs and nanosphere trimmers". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112(13), 4954-4960 (2008). CrossRef Chapuis, P. O., Laroche, M., Volz, S., & Greffet, J. J. "Radiative heat transfer between metallic nanoparticles". Applied Physics Letters, 92(20), 201906 (2008). CrossRef Jain, P. K., & El-Sayed, M. A. "Plasmonic coupling in noble metal nanostructures". Chemical Physics Letters, 487(4), 153-164 (2010). CrossRef Cataldi, U., Caputo, R., Kurylyak, Y., Klein, G., Chekini, M. Cesare Umeton, C., Bürgi, T. "Growing gold nanoparticles on a flexible substrate to enable simple mechanical control of their plasmonic coupling". J. Mater. Chem. C, 2, 7927-7933 (2014). CrossRef
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Fernandes, Joshua, and Sangmo Kang. "Numerical Study on the Surface Plasmon Resonance Tunability of Spherical and Non-Spherical Core-Shell Dimer Nanostructures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071728.
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The near-field enhancement and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) on the core-shell noble metal nanostructure surfaces are widely studied for various biomedical applications. However, the study of the optical properties of new plasmonic non-spherical nanostructures is less explored. This numerical study quantifies the optical properties of spherical and non-spherical (prolate and oblate) dimer nanostructures by introducing finite element modelling in COMSOL Multiphysics. The surface plasmon resonance peaks of gold nanostructures should be understood and controlled for use in biological applications such as photothermal therapy and drug delivery. In this study, we find that non-spherical prolate and oblate gold dimers give excellent tunability in a wide range of biological windows. The electromagnetic field enhancement and surface plasmon resonance peak can be tuned by varying the aspect ratio of non-spherical nanostructures, the refractive index of the surrounding medium, shell thickness, and the distance of separation between nanostructures. The absorption spectra exhibit considerably greater dependency on the aspect ratio and refractive index than the shell thickness and separation distance. These results may be essential for applying the spherical and non-spherical nanostructures to various absorption-based applications.
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Yan, Siqi, Xiaolong Zhu, Jianji Dong, Yunhong Ding, and Sanshui Xiao. "2D materials integrated with metallic nanostructures: fundamentals and optoelectronic applications." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (April 17, 2020): 1877–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0074.
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AbstractDue to their novel electronic and optical properties, atomically thin layered two-dimensional (2D) materials are becoming promising to realize novel functional optoelectronic devices including photodetectors, modulators, and lasers. However, light–matter interactions in 2D materials are often weak because of the atomic-scale thickness, thus limiting the performances of these devices. Metallic nanostructures supporting surface plasmon polaritons show strong ability to concentrate light within subwavelength region, opening thereby new avenues for strengthening the light–matter interactions and miniaturizing the devices. This review starts to present how to use metallic nanostructures to enhance light–matter interactions in 2D materials, mainly focusing on photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and nonlinearities of 2D materials. In addition, an overview of ultraconfined acoustic-like plasmons in hybrid graphene–metal structures is given, discussing the nonlocal response and quantum mechanical features of the graphene plasmons and metals. Then, the review summarizes the latest development of 2D material–based optoelectronic devices integrated with plasmonic nanostructures. Both off-chip and on-chip devices including modulators and photodetectors are discussed. The potentials of hybrid 2D materials plasmonic optoelectronic devices are finally summarized, giving the future research directions for applications in optical interconnects and optical communications.
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Ávalos-Ovando, Oscar, Lucas V. Besteiro, Zhiming Wang, and Alexander O. Govorov. "Temporal plasmonics: Fano and Rabi regimes in the time domain in metal nanostructures." Nanophotonics 9, no. 11 (July 20, 2020): 3587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0229.
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AbstractThe Fano and Rabi models represent remarkably common effects in optics. Here we study the coherent time dynamics of plasmonic systems exhibiting Fano and Rabi spectral responses. We demonstrate that these systems show fundamentally different dynamics. A plasmonic system with a Fano resonance displays at most one temporal beat under pulsed excitation, whereas a plasmonic system in the Rabi-like regime may have any number of beats. Remarkably, the Fano-like systems show time dynamics with very characteristic coherent tails despite the strong decoherence that is intrinsic for such systems. The coherent Fano and Rabi dynamics that we predicted can be observed in plasmonic nanocrystal dimers in time-resolved experiments. Our study demonstrates that such coherent temporal plasmonics includes non-trivial and characteristic relaxation behaviors and presents an interesting direction to develop with further research.
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Karaballi, Reem A., Yashar Esfahani Monfared, Isobel C. Bicket, Robert H. Coridan, and Mita Dasog. "Solid-state synthesis of UV-plasmonic Cr2N nanoparticles." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 15 (October 21, 2022): 154706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109806.
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Materials that exhibit plasmonic response in the UV region can be advantageous for many applications, such as biological photodegradation, photocatalysis, disinfection, and bioimaging. Transition metal nitrides have recently emerged as chemically and thermally stable alternatives to metal-based plasmonic materials. However, most free-standing nitride nanostructures explored so far have plasmonic responses in the visible and near-IR regions. Herein, we report the synthesis of UV-plasmonic Cr2N nanoparticles using a solid-state nitridation reaction. The nanoparticles had an average diameter of 9 ± 5 nm and a positively charged surface that yields stable colloidal suspension. The particles were composed of a crystalline nitride core and an amorphous oxide/oxynitride shell whose thickness varied between 1 and 7 nm. Calculations performed using the finite element method predicted the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for these nanoparticles to be in the UV-C region (100–280 nm). While a distinctive LSPR peak could not be observed using absorbance measurements, low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy showed the presence of surface plasmons between 80 and 250 nm (or ∼5 to 15 eV) and bulk plasmons centered around 50–62 nm (or ∼20 to 25 eV). Plasmonic coupling was also observed between the nanoparticles, resulting in resonances between 250 and 400 nm (or ∼2.5 to 5 eV).
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Yamada, Hirotaka, Kenji Sueyoshi, Hideaki Hisamoto, and Tatsuro Endo. "Modulating Optical Characteristics of Nanoimprinted Plasmonic Device by Re-Shaping Process of Polymer Mold." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111323.
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Metal nanostructures exhibit specific optical characteristics owing to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and have been studied for applications in various optical devices. The LSPR property strongly depends on the size and shape of metal nanostructures; thus, plasmonic devices must be designed and fabricated according to their uses. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is an effective process for repeatedly fabricating metal nanostructures with controlled sizes and shapes and require optical properties. NIL is a powerful method for mass-producible, low-cost, and large-area fabrication. However, the process lacks flexibility in adjusting the size and shape according to the desirable optical characteristics because the size and shape of metal nanostructures are determined by a single corresponding mold. Here, we conducted a re-shaping process through the air-plasma etching of a polymer’s secondary mold (two-dimensional nanopillar array made of cyclo-olefin polymer (COP)) to modulate the sizes and shapes of nanopillars; then, we controlled the spectral characteristics of the imprinted plasmonic devices. The relationship between the structural change of the mold, which was based on etching time, and the optical characteristics of the corresponding plasmonic device was evaluated through experiments and simulations. According to evaluation results, the diameter of the nanopillar was controlled from 248 to 139 nm due to the etching time and formation of a pit structure. Consequently, the spectral properties changed, and responsivity to the surrounding dielectric environment was improved. Therefore, plasmonic devices based on the re-shaped COP mold exhibited a high responsivity to a refractive index of 906 nm/RIU at a wavelength of 625 nm.
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Yan, Xiao-Hong, Yi-Jie Niu, Hong-Xing Xu, and Hong Wei. "Strong coupling of single plasmonic nanoparticles and nanogaps with quantum emitters." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 6 (2022): 067301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211900.
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In cavity quantum electrodynamics, when the interaction between quantum emitter and cavity mode is strong enough to overcome the mean decay rate of the system, it will enter into a strong coupling regime, thereby forming part-light part-matter polariton states. Strong coupling can serve as a promising platform for room temperature Bose-Einstein condensation, polariton lasing, single photon nonlinearity, quantum information, etc. Localized surface plasmons supported by single metal nanostructures possess extremely small mode volume, which is favorable for realizing strong coupling. Moreover, the nanoscale dimensions of plasmonic structures can facilitate the miniaturization of strong coupling systems. Here, the research progress of strong plasmon-exciton coupling between single metal nanoparticles/nanogaps and quantum emitters is reviewed. The theory background of strong coupling is first introduced, including quantum treatment, classical coupled oscillator model, as well as the analytical expressions for scattering and photoluminescence spectra. Then, strong coupling between different kinds of plasmonic nanostructures and quantum emitters is reviewed. Single metal nanoparticles, nanoparticle dimers, and nanoparticle-on-mirror structures constitute the most typical plasmonic nanostructures. The nanogaps in the latter two systems can highly concentrate electromagnetic field, providing optical nanocavities with smaller mode volume than single nanoparticles. Therefore, the larger coupling strength can be achieved in the nanogap systems, which is conducive to strong coupling at the single-exciton level. In addition, the active tuning of strong coupling based separately on thermal, electrical and optical means are reviewed. The energy and oscillator strength of the excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers are dependent on temperature. Therefore, the strong coupling can be tuned by heating or cooling the system. The excitons in TMDC monolayers can also be tuned by electrical gating, enabling electrical control of strong coupling. Optically tuning the quantum emitters provides another way to actively control the strong coupling. Overall, the research on active tuning of strong plasmon-exciton coupling is still very limited, and more investigations are needed. Finally, this review is concluded with a short summary and the prospect of this field.
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Nazemi, Mohammadreza. "Modifying Hybrid Plasmonic Nanocatalysts Via Femtosecond Pulsed Laser for Solar-Fuel-Based Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 48 (October 9, 2022): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02481817mtgabs.
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Harvesting solar energy for chemical transformations is gaining a rising interest in promoting the clean and modular chemical synthesis approach and addressing conventional thermocatalytic systems’ limitations. Under light irradiation, noble metal nanoparticles, particularly those characterized by localized surface plasmon resonance, commonly known as plasmonic nanoparticles, generate a strong electromagnetic field, excited hot carriers, and photothermal heating. The catalytic activity of Plasmonic nanoparticles can be enhanced by incorporating transition metal catalysts as co-catalysts, promoters or stabilizers. In this talk, we demonstrate that by modifying the atomic structure of hybrid plasmonic nanocatalysts via femtosecond pulsed laser we are able to not only enhance the optoelectronic and catalytic properties of the resulting nanoparticles, but also to improve the mechanical stability of these hybrid nanostructures, which are of paramount importance for industrial applications. We also investigate the trade-off between the effect of light absorption, catalytic activity, and mechanical stability by optimizing the structure and composition of hybrid plasmonic nanoparticles. This work provides insight into the design of hybrid plasmonic-catalytic nanostructures with improved performance and stability for solar-fuel-based applications.
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Manuel, Ajay, and Karthik Shankar. "Hot Electrons in TiO2–Noble Metal Nano-Heterojunctions: Fundamental Science and Applications in Photocatalysis." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051249.
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Plasmonic photocatalysis enables innovation by harnessing photonic energy across a broad swathe of the solar spectrum to drive chemical reactions. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments and issues for advanced research in plasmonic hot electron driven photocatalytic technologies focusing on TiO2–noble metal nanoparticle heterojunctions. In-depth discussions on fundamental hot electron phenomena in plasmonic photocatalysis is the focal point of this review. We summarize hot electron dynamics, elaborate on techniques to probe and measure said phenomena, and provide perspective on potential applications—photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, CO2 photoreduction, and photoelectrochemical water splitting—that benefit from this technology. A contentious and hitherto unexplained phenomenon is the wavelength dependence of plasmonic photocatalysis. Many published reports on noble metal-metal oxide nanostructures show action spectra where quantum yields closely follow the absorption corresponding to higher energy interband transitions, while an equal number also show quantum efficiencies that follow the optical response corresponding to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). We have provided a working hypothesis for the first time to reconcile these contradictory results and explain why photocatalytic action in certain plasmonic systems is mediated by interband transitions and in others by hot electrons produced by the decay of particle plasmons.
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Dhanasiwawong, Kittidhaj, Kheamrutai Thamaphat, Mati Horprathum, Annop Klamchuen, Apiwat Phetsahai, and Pichet Limsuwan. "Preparation of 2D Periodic Nanopatterned Arrays through Vertical Vibration-Assisted Convective Deposition for Application in Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence." Processes 10, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020202.
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The performance of a metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrate is fundamentally based on the orientation of the metal nanostructures on a solid substrate. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) periodic metallic nanostructures exhibit a strong confinement of the electric field between adjacent nanopatterns due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), leading to stronger fluorescence intensity enhancement. The use of vertical vibration-assisted convective deposition, a novel, simple, and highly cost-effective technique for preparing the 2D periodic nanostructure of colloidal particles with high uniformity, was therefore proposed in this work. The influences of vertical vibration amplitude and frequency on the structure of thin colloidal film, especially its uniformity, monolayer, and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) arrangement, were also investigated. It was found that the vibration amplitude affected film uniformity, whereas the vibration frequency promoted the colloidal particles to align themselves into defect-free HCP nanostructures. Furthermore, the results showed that the self-assembled 2D periodic arrays of monodisperse colloidal particles were employed as an excellent template for a Au thin-film coating in order to fabricate an efficient MEF substrate. The developed MEF substrate provided a strong plasmonic fluorescence enhancement, with a detection limit for rhodamine 6G as low as 10−9 M. This novel approach could be advantageous in further applications in the area of plasmonic sensing platforms.
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Kim, Sun Mi, Changhwan Lee, Kalyan C. Goddeti, and Jeong Young Park. "Hot plasmonic electron-driven catalytic reactions on patterned metal–insulator–metal nanostructures." Nanoscale 9, no. 32 (2017): 11667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr02805a.
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We fabricated two-dimensional (2D) arrays of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) plasmonic nanoislands designed to efficiently shuttle hot plasmonic electrons. These MIM nanostructures exhibit higher catalytic activity under light irradiation, revealing a significant impact on the catalytic activity for CO oxidation.
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Tittl, Andreas, Harald Giessen, and Na Liu. "Plasmonic gas and chemical sensing." Nanophotonics 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0002.
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AbstractSensitive and robust detection of gases and chemical reactions constitutes a cornerstone of scientific research and key industrial applications. In an effort to reach progressively smaller reagent concentrations and sensing volumes, optical sensor technology has experienced a paradigm shift from extended thin-film systems towards engineered nanoscale devices. In this size regime, plasmonic particles and nanostructures provide an ideal toolkit for the realization of novel sensing concepts. This is due to their unique ability to simultaneously focus light into subwavelength hotspots of the electromagnetic field and to transmit minute changes of the local environment back into the farfield as a modulation of their optical response. Since the basic building blocks of a plasmonic system are commonly noble metal nanoparticles or nanostructures, plasmonics can easily be integrated with a plethora of chemically or catalytically active materials and compounds to investigate processes ranging from hydrogen absorption in palladium to the detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this review, we will discuss a multitude of plasmonic sensing strategies, spanning the technological scale from simple plasmonic particles embedded in extended thin films to highly engineered complex plasmonic nanostructures. Due to their flexibility and excellent sensing performance, plasmonic structures may open an exciting pathway towards the detection of chemical and catalytic events down to the single molecule level.
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Krzemińska, Zofia, and Witold A. Jacak. "Anharmonicity of Plasmons in Metallic Nanostructures Useful for Metallization of Solar Cells." Materials 16, no. 10 (May 16, 2023): 3762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103762.
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Metallic nanoparticles are frequently applied to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic cells via the plasmonic effect, and they play this role due to the unusual ability of plasmons to transmit energy. The absorption and emission of plasmons, dual in the sense of quantum transitions, in metallic nanoparticles are especially high at the nanoscale of metal confinement, so these particles are almost perfect transmitters of incident photon energy. We show that these unusual properties of plasmons at the nanoscale are linked to the extreme deviation of plasmon oscillations from the conventional harmonic oscillations. In particular, the large damping of plasmons does not terminate their oscillations, even if, for a harmonic oscillator, they result in an overdamped regime.
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Naldoni, Alberto, Francesca Riboni, Urcan Guler, Alexandra Boltasseva, Vladimir M. Shalaev, and Alexander V. Kildishev. "Solar-Powered Plasmon-Enhanced Heterogeneous Catalysis." Nanophotonics 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0018.
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AbstractPhotocatalysis uses semiconductors to convert sunlight into chemical energy. Recent reports have shown that plasmonic nanostructures can be used to extend semiconductor light absorption or to drive direct photocatalysis with visible light at their surface. In this review, we discuss the fundamental decay pathway of localized surface plasmons in the context of driving solar-powered chemical reactions. We also review different nanophotonic approaches demonstrated for increasing solar-to-hydrogen conversion in photoelectrochemical water splitting, including experimental observations of enhanced reaction selectivity for reactions occurring at the metalsemiconductor interface. The enhanced reaction selectivity is highly dependent on the morphology, electronic properties, and spatial arrangement of composite nanostructures and their elements. In addition, we report on the particular features of photocatalytic reactions evolving at plasmonic metal surfaces and discuss the possibility of manipulating the reaction selectivity through the activation of targeted molecular bonds. Finally, using solar-to-hydrogen conversion techniques as an example, we quantify the efficacy metrics achievable in plasmon-driven photoelectrochemical systems and highlight some of the new directions that could lead to the practical implementation of solar-powered plasmon-based catalytic devices.
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Tao, Andrea R. "Nanocrystal assembly for bottom-up plasmonic materials and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-08-38.
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Plasmonic materials are emerging as key platforms for applications that rely on the manipulation of light at small length scales. Sub-wavelength metallic features support surface plasmons that can induce huge local electromagnetic fields at the metal surface, facilitating a host of extraordinary optical phenomena. Ag nanocrystals (NCs) and nanowires (NWs) are ideal building blocks for the bottom-up fabrication of plasmonic materials for photonics, spectroscopy, and chemical sensing. Faceted Ag nanostructures are synthesized using a colloidal approach to regulate nucleation and crystallographic growth direction. Next, new methods of nanoscale organization using Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) compression are presented where one- and two-dimensional assemblies can be constructed with impressive alignment over large areas. Using this method, plasmon coupling between Ag nanostructures can be controlled by varying spacing and density, achieving for the first time a completely tunable plasmon response in the visible wavelengths. Lastly, these assemblies are demonstrated as exceptional substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) by achieving high chemical sensitivity and specificity, exhibiting their utility as portable field sensors, and integrating them into multiplexed "lab-on-a-chip" devices.
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Jain, Prashant K., and Mostafa A. El-Sayed. "Plasmonic coupling in noble metal nanostructures." Chemical Physics Letters 487, no. 4-6 (March 2010): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2010.01.062.
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Nagpal, Keshav, Erwan Rauwel, Frédérique Ducroquet, and Protima Rauwel. "Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (September 24, 2021): 1078–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.80.
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Light-emitting diodes (LED) are widely employed in display applications and lighting systems. Further research on LED that incorporates carbon nanostructures and metal nanoparticles exhibiting surface plasmon resonance has demonstrated a significant improvement in device performance. These devices offer lower turn-on voltages, higher external quantum efficiencies, and luminance. De facto, plasmonic nanoparticles, such as Au and Ag have boosted the luminance of red, green, and blue emissions. When combined with carbon nanostructures they additionally offer new possibilities towards lightweight and flexible devices with better thermal management. This review surveys the diverse possibilities to combine various inorganic, organic, and carbon nanostructures along with plasmonic nanoparticles. Such combinations would allow an enhancement in the overall properties of LED.