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Academic literature on the topic 'Plasmonic applications'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Plasmonic applications"

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Hu, Bin, Ying Zhang, and Qi Jie Wang. "Surface magneto plasmons and their applications in the infrared frequencies." Nanophotonics 4, no. 4 (November 6, 2015): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0026.

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Abstract Due to their promising properties, surface magneto plasmons have attracted great interests in the field of plasmonics recently. Apart from flexible modulation of the plasmonic properties by an external magnetic field, surface magneto plasmons also promise nonreciprocal effect and multi-bands of propagation, which can be applied into the design of integrated plasmonic devices for biosensing and telecommunication applications. In the visible frequencies, because it demands extremely strong magnetic fields for the manipulation of metallic plasmonic materials, nano-devices consisting of metals and magnetic materials based on surface magneto plasmon are difficult to be realized due to the challenges in device fabrication and high losses. In the infrared frequencies, highly-doped semiconductors can replace metals, owning to the lower incident wave frequencies and lower plasma frequencies. The required magnetic field is also low, which makes the tunable devices based on surface magneto plasmons more practically to be realized. Furthermore, a promising 2D material-graphene shows great potential in infrared magnetic plasmonics. In this paper, we review the magneto plasmonics in the infrared frequencies with a focus on device designs and applications. We investigate surface magneto plasmons propagating in different structures, including plane surface structures and slot waveguides. Based on the fundamental investigation and theoretical studies, we illustrate various magneto plasmonic micro/nano devices in the infrared, such as tunable waveguides, filters, and beam-splitters. Novel plasmonic devices such as one-way waveguides and broad-band waveguides are also introduced.

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Babicheva, Viktoriia E. "Optical Processes behind Plasmonic Applications." Nanomaterials 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13071270.

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Plasmonics is a revolutionary concept in nanophotonics that combines the properties of both photonics and electronics by confining light energy to a nanometer-scale oscillating field of free electrons, known as a surface plasmon. Generation, processing, routing, and amplification of optical signals at the nanoscale hold promise for optical communications, biophotonics, sensing, chemistry, and medical applications. Surface plasmons manifest themselves as confined oscillations, allowing for optical nanoantennas, ultra-compact optical detectors, state-of-the-art sensors, data storage, and energy harvesting designs. Surface plasmons facilitate both resonant characteristics of nanostructures and guiding and controlling light at the nanoscale. Plasmonics and metamaterials enable the advancement of many photonic designs with unparalleled capabilities, including subwavelength waveguides, optical nanoresonators, super- and hyper-lenses, and light concentrators. Alternative plasmonic materials have been developed to be incorporated in the nanostructures for low losses and controlled optical characteristics along with semiconductor-process compatibility. This review describes optical processes behind a range of plasmonic applications. It pays special attention to the topics of field enhancement and collective effects in nanostructures. The advances in these research topics are expected to transform the domain of nanoscale photonics, optical metamaterials, and their various applications.

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Sebek, Matej, Ahmed Elbana, Arash Nemati, Jisheng Pan, Ze Xiang Shen, Minghui Hong, Xiaodi Su, Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh, and Jinghua Teng. "Hybrid Plasmonics and Two-Dimensional Materials: Theory and Applications." Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 08, no. 01n02 (March 2020): 2030001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237320300016.

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The inherent thinness of two-dimensional 2D materials limits their efficiency of light-matter interactions and the high loss of noble metal plasmonic nanostructures limits their applicability. Thus, a combination of 2D materials and plasmonics is highly attractive. This review describes the progress in the field of 2D plasmonics, which encompasses 2D plasmonic materials and hybrid plasmonic-2D materials structures. Novel plasmonic 2D materials, plasmon-exciton interaction within 2D materials and applications comprising sensors, photodetectors and, metasurfaces are discussed.

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Ogawa, Shinpei, Shoichiro Fukushima, and Masaaki Shimatani. "Graphene Plasmonics in Sensor Applications: A Review." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 3563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123563.

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Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be generated in graphene at frequencies in the mid-infrared to terahertz range, which is not possible using conventional plasmonic materials such as noble metals. Moreover, the lifetime and confinement volume of such SPPs are much longer and smaller, respectively, than those in metals. For these reasons, graphene plasmonics has potential applications in novel plasmonic sensors and various concepts have been proposed. This review paper examines the potential of such graphene plasmonics with regard to the development of novel high-performance sensors. The theoretical background is summarized and the intrinsic nature of graphene plasmons, interactions between graphene and SPPs induced by metallic nanostructures and the electrical control of SPPs by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene are discussed. Subsequently, the development of optical sensors, biological sensors and important components such as absorbers/emitters and reconfigurable optical mirrors for use in new sensor systems are reviewed. Finally, future challenges related to the fabrication of graphene-based devices as well as various advanced optical devices incorporating other two-dimensional materials are examined. This review is intended to assist researchers in both industry and academia in the design and development of novel sensors based on graphene plasmonics.

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Liu, Jianxun, Huilin He, Dong Xiao, Shengtao Yin, Wei Ji, Shouzhen Jiang, Dan Luo, Bing Wang, and Yanjun Liu. "Recent Advances of Plasmonic Nanoparticles and their Applications." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101833.

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In the past half-century, surface plasmon resonance in noble metallic nanoparticles has been an important research subject. Recent advances in the synthesis, assembly, characterization, and theories of traditional and non-traditional metal nanostructures open a new pathway to the kaleidoscopic applications of plasmonics. However, accurate and precise models of plasmon resonance are still challenging, as its characteristics can be affected by multiple factors. We herein summarize the recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles and their applications, particularly regarding the fundamentals and applications of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in Au nanoparticles, plasmon-enhanced upconversion luminescence, and plasmonic chiral metasurfaces.

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Bhattarai, Jay K., Md Helal Uddin Maruf, and Keith J. Stine. "Plasmonic-Active Nanostructured Thin Films." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010115.

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Plasmonic-active nanomaterials are of high interest to scientists because of their expanding applications in the field for medicine and energy. Chemical and biological sensors based on plasmonic nanomaterials are well-established and commercially available, but the role of plasmonic nanomaterials on photothermal therapeutics, solar cells, super-resolution imaging, organic synthesis, etc. is still emerging. The effectiveness of the plasmonic materials on these technologies depends on their stability and sensitivity. Preparing plasmonics-active nanostructured thin films (PANTFs) on a solid substrate improves their physical stability. More importantly, the surface plasmons of thin film and that of nanostructures can couple in PANTFs enhancing the sensitivity. A PANTF can be used as a transducer for any of the three plasmonic-based sensing techniques, namely, the propagating surface plasmon, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensing techniques. Additionally, continuous nanostructured metal films have an advantage for implementing electrical controls such as simultaneous sensing using both plasmonic and electrochemical techniques. Although research and development on PANTFs have been rapidly advancing, very few reviews on synthetic methods have been published. In this review, we provide some fundamental and practical aspects of plasmonics along with the recent advances in PANTFs synthesis, focusing on the advantages and shortcomings of the fabrication techniques. We also provide an overview of different types of PANTFs and their sensitivity for biosensing.

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Zhang, Xiaoyu, Chanda Ranjit Yonzon, and Richard P. Van Duyne. "Nanosphere lithography fabricated plasmonic materials and their applications." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0136.

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Nanosphere lithography fabricated nanostructures have highly tunable localized surface plasmons, which have been used for important sensing and spectroscopy applications. In this work, the authors focus on biological applications and technologies that utilize two types of related plasmonic phenomena: localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Two applications of these plasmonic materials are presented: (i) the development of an ultrasensitive nanoscale optical biosensor based on LSPR wavelength-shift spectroscopy and (ii) the SERS detection of an anthrax biomarker.

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Marinica, Dana Codruta, Mario Zapata, Peter Nordlander, Andrey K. Kazansky, Pedro M. Echenique, Javier Aizpurua, and Andrei G. Borisov. "Active quantum plasmonics." Science Advances 1, no. 11 (December 2015): e1501095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501095.

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The ability of localized surface plasmons to squeeze light and engineer nanoscale electromagnetic fields through electron-photon coupling at dimensions below the wavelength has turned plasmonics into a driving tool in a variety of technological applications, targeting novel and more efficient optoelectronic processes. In this context, the development of active control of plasmon excitations is a major fundamental and practical challenge. We propose a mechanism for fast and active control of the optical response of metallic nanostructures based on exploiting quantum effects in subnanometric plasmonic gaps. By applying an external dc bias across a narrow gap, a substantial change in the tunneling conductance across the junction can be induced at optical frequencies, which modifies the plasmonic resonances of the system in a reversible manner. We demonstrate the feasibility of the concept using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Thus, along with two-dimensional structures, metal nanoparticle plasmonics can benefit from the reversibility, fast response time, and versatility of an active control strategy based on applied bias. The proposed electrical manipulation of light using quantum plasmonics establishes a new platform for many practical applications in optoelectronics.

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Odom, Teri W. "Materials Screening and Applications of Plasmonic Crystals." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 1 (January 2010): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.618.

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AbstractSurface plasmon polaritons are responsible for various optical phenomena, including negative refraction, enhanced optical transmission, and nanoscale focusing. Although many materials support plasmons, the choice of metal for most applications has been based on traditional plasmonic materials, such as Ag and Au, because there have been no side-by-side comparisons of different materials on well-defined, nanostructured surfaces. This article will describe how a multiscale patterning approach based on soft interference lithography can be used to create plasmonic crystals with different unit cell shapes—circular holes or square pyramids—which can be used as a platform to screen for new materials. The dispersion diagrams of plasmonic crystals made from unconventional metals will be presented, and the implications of discovering new optical coupling mechanisms and protein-sensing substrates based on Pd will be described. Finally, the opportunities enabled by this plasmonic library to dial into specific resonances for any angle or material will be discussed.

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Mauriz, Elba. "Clinical Applications of Visual Plasmonic Colorimetric Sensing." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 6214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216214.

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Colorimetric analysis has become of great importance in recent years to improve the operationalization of plasmonic-based biosensors. The unique properties of nanomaterials have enabled the development of a variety of plasmonics applications on the basis of the colorimetric sensing provided by metal nanoparticles. In particular, the extinction of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the visible range has permitted the exploitation of LSPR colorimetric-based biosensors as powerful tools for clinical diagnostics and drug monitoring. This review summarizes recent progress in the biochemical monitoring of clinical biomarkers by ultrasensitive plasmonic colorimetric strategies according to the distance- or the morphology/size-dependent sensing modes. The potential of colorimetric nanosensors as point of care devices from the perspective of naked-eye detection is comprehensively discussed for a broad range of analytes including pharmaceuticals, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, bacteria, and viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The practical suitability of plasmonic-based colorimetric assays for the rapid visual readout in biological samples, considering current challenges and future perspectives, is also reviewed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plasmonic applications"

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Adleman, James R. Psaltis Demetri Psaltis Demetri. "Plasmonic nanoparticles for optofluidic applications /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05102009-103332.

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Balasa, Ionut Gabriel. "Plasmonic Nanostructures for Biosensing Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426821.

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The aim of this work is the study, the design and the nanofabrication of innovative plasmonic nanostructured materials to develop label-free optical biosensors. Noble metalbased nanostructures have gained interest in the last years due to their extraordinary optical properties, which allow to develop optical biosensors able to detect very low concentrations of specific biomolecules, called analyte, down to the picomolar range. Such biosensors rely on the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) excitation which occurs under specific conditions that depend both on the morphology of the nanostructure and on the adjacent dielectric medium. Therefore, the binding of the biomolecules to metal surfaces is revealed as a change in the SPR condition. Four kinds of nanostructures are investigated in this work: ordered and disordered nanohole array (o-NHA, d-NHA), nanoprism array (NPA) and nanodisk array (NDA). The o-NHA and d-NHA consist of a thin metallic film (50 - 100 nm) patterned with, respectively, a hexagonal and a disordered array of circular holes. The NPA consists of a honeycomb lattice of triangle shaped nanoprisms with edges of about 100 - 200 nm and height of 40 - 80 nm. Finally, the NDA consists of a disordered array of non-interacting disks with 100 - 300 nm diameter and 40 - 80 nm height. The first two support the Extended-SPR whereas the last two, due to their three-dimensional confinement, present Localized-SPR property. Two colloidal techniques are employed for the scalable and cost-effective synthesis of wide areas of nanostructures that allow a fine control of the morphology: NanoSphere Lithography (NSL) and Sparse Colloidal Lithography (SCL). Ordered arrays were nanofabricated by NSL (i.e., NPA and o-NHA) whereas disordered nanostructures were synthesized by the SCL (i.e., NDA and d-NHA). Firstly, the nanostructures are simulated by Finite Element Method (FEM) computations and their performances in revealing small variations of the dielectric medium at the interface is evaluated as a function of their geometrical parameters. Simulated local sensitivities range from 3.1 nm/RIU of the o-NHA up to 13.6 nm/RIU of the NPA. Afterwards, the sensing performances are evaluated experimentally with nanofabricated samples and comparable but slightly smaller sensitivities are obtained. Secondly, a proof-of-concept protocol for the detection assay, that relies on the binding of streptavidin protein to the biotinylated gold surfaces, is exploited to test the nanostructures as biosensors. A 4.4 nM limit of detection is reached with the best performing biosensor (NPA) and picomolar ones are expected for NPA and NDA with a suitable improvement of the functionalization protocol. Finally, complementary single stranded RNA molecules were used, respectively, as bioreceptor and analyte. Revealing short sequences of non-coding RNA, called microRNA, is fundamental for the medical research since these oligonucleotides act as biomarkers for specific diseases, like tumors. Signals of about 13 nm are obtained from the binding of bioreceptor to the nanostructure and from the hybridization of the analyte oligonucleotide at saturation concentrations (∼ 1 μM), indicating that for the moment the developed protocol is quite effective down to the 100 nM range. Of course, for reading the nm or even sub-nM range further optimizations are needed.

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Steven, Christopher R. "Plasmonic metal nanoparticles : synthesis and applications." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27939.

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Plasmonic metal nanoparticles are widely exploited in academia and industry for use in various assay types. In collaboration with an industrial partner, BBI Solutions, the work here details investigations into the production and use of the plasmonic nanoparticles. The work was split into two themes. The first of these was flow chemistry of nanoparticles, covering a microfluidic assay platform and continuous colloid production. In chapter one, a novel microfluidic assay platform was developed which facilitated the transfer of multiple, sequential bench-top procedures into a single device. This allowed the rapid detection of a sugar binding protein to be demonstrated. The microfluidic system included all pre-detection steps involved in employing the specific aggregation of functionalised silver nanoparticles. Straightforward detection of the protein was demonstrated at concentrations lower than those achieved using comparable methods in the literature. In the second chapter, a novel bench-top scale continuous reactor for the production of gold nanoparticles was developed. It was found that the continuous stirred tank reactor was generally unsuitable for this synthesis. A laminar tubular reactor was more successful but fouling of the reactor material was a significant obstacle to production of good quality colloid. In both cases, nanoparticles produced in a batch synthesis were of more consistent quality. This suggested that further work was needed to develop a competitive continuous production method. The second research theme was development of a novel nanoparticle assembly assay, based on DNA assembly. In chapter three it was found that current tools for the understanding of dynamic DNA structure were limited. This led to the first use of an existing coarse grain model to determine thermodynamic properties of DNA assembly. Analysis showed that the results were comparable with the best simulation models shown in the literature, while being generated much more quickly and at less computational expense.

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Sil, Devika. "SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURES." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/364016.

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Chemistry
Ph.D.
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), arising due to the collective oscillation of free electrons in metal nanoparticles, is a sensitive probe of the nanostructure and its surrounding dielectric medium. Synthetic strategies for developing surfactant free nanoparticles using ultrafast lasers providing direct access to the metallic surface that harvest the localized surface plasmons will be discussed first followed by the applications. It is well known that the hot carriers generated as a result of plasmonic excitation can participate and catalyze chemical reactions. One such reaction is the dissociation of hydrogen. By the virtue of plasmonic excitation, an inert metal like Au can become reactive enough to support the dissociation of hydrogen at room temperature, thereby making it possible to optically detect this explosive gas. The mechanism of sensing is still not well understood. However, a hypothesis is that the dissociation of hydrogen may lead to the formation of a metastable gold hydride with optical properties distinct from the initial Au nanostructures, causing a reversible increase in transmission and blue shift in LSPR. It will also be shown that by tracking the LSPR of bare Au nanoparticles grown on a substrate, the adsorption of halide ions on Au can be detected exclusively. The shift in LSPR frequency is attributed to changes in electron density rather than the morphology of the nanostructures, which is often the case.
Temple University--Theses

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Hajebifard, Akram. "Plasmonic Nano-Resonators and Fano Resonances for Sensing Applications." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41616.

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Different types of plasmonic nanostructures are proposed and examined experimentally and theoretically, with a view towards sensing applications. First, a self-assembly approach was developed to create arrays of well-ordered glass-supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with controllable particle size and inter-particle spacing. Then, a periodic array of gold nano-disks (AuNDs) supported by a Bragg reflector was proposed and examined in a search for Fano resonances in its optical response. Arrays of heptamer-arranged nanoholes (HNH) in a thin gold film were also proposed and explored theoretically and experimentally, revealing a very rich spectrum of resonances, several exhibiting a Fano lineshape. A commercial implementation of the vectorial finite element method (FEM) was used to model our plasmonic structures. Taking advantage of the periodic nature of the structures, a unit cell containing a single element was modelled. The transmittance, reflectance or absorbance spectra were computed, and the associated electromagnetic fields were obtained by solving the vector wave equations for the electromagnetic field vectors throughout the structures, subject to the applicable boundary conditions, and the applied source fields. The sensing performance of the structures, based on the bulk sensitivity, surface sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) was calculated. First, a novel bottom-up fabrication approach was applied (by our collaborators) to form a periodic array of AuNPs with controllable size over large areas on SiO2 substrates. In this method, self-assembly of block copolymer micelles loaded with metal precursors was combined with a seeding growth route to create ordered AuNPs of desired size. It was shown that this new fabrication method offers a new approach to tune the AuNP size and edge-to-edge inter-particle spacing while preserving the AuNP ordering. The optical characteristics of the AuNP arrays, such as their size, interparticle spacing, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength, and bulk sensitivity, were examined, numerically and experimentally. This proposed novel fabrication method is applicable for low-cost mass-production of large-area arrays of high-quality AuNPs on a substrate for sensing applications. Then, we proposed and examined the formation of Fano resonances in a plasmonic-dielectric system consisting of uncoupled gold nano-disk (AuND) arrays on a quarter-wave dielectric stack. The mechanism behind the creation of Fano resonances was explained based on the coherent interference between the reflection of the Bragg stack and the LSPPs of the AuNDs. Fano parameters were obtained by fitting the computational data to the Fano formula. The bulk sensitivities and figure of merit of the Fano resonances were calculated. This plasmonic structure supports Fano resonances with a linewidth around 9 nm which is much narrower than the individual AuND LSPP bandwidth ( 80 nm) and the Bragg stack bandwidth ( 100 nm). Supporting Fano resonances with such a narrow linewidth, the structure has a great potential to be used for sensing applications. Also, this metallic-dielectric nanostructure requires no near-field coupling between AuNDs to generate the Fano resonances. So, the AuNDs can be located far enough from each other to simplify the potential fabrication process. The optical properties of HNH arrays on an SiO2 substrate were investigated, numerically and experimentally. Helium focused ion beam (HeFIB) milling was applied (by Dr. Choloong Hahn) to fabricate well-ordered and well-defined arrays of HNHs. Transmittance spectra of the structures were obtained as the optical response, which exhibits several Fano resonances. Then, the mechanism behind the formation of the Fano resonances was explained, and the sensing performance of the structure was inspected by measuring the bulk sensitivities. This array of nanohole cluster is exciting because it supports propagating SPPs and LSPPs, and also Wood’s anomaly waves, which makes the optical response very rich in excitations and spectral features. Also, as a periodic array of sub-wavelength metallic nanoholes, the system produces extraordinary optical transmission - highly enhanced transmission through (otherwise) opaque metallic films at specific wavelengths, facilitating measurement acquisition in transmission.

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Fairbairn, Natasha. "Imaging of plasmonic nanoparticles for biomedical applications." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/353976/.

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Plasmonic nanoparticles show potential for numerous different biomedical applications, including diagnostic applications such as targeted labelling and therapeutic applications such as drug delivery and therapeutic hyperthermia. In order to support the development of these applications, imaging techniques are required for imaging and characterising nanoparticles both in isolation and in the cellular environment. The work presented in this thesis relates to the use and development of two different optical techniques for imaging and measuring the localised surface plasmon resonance of plasmonic nanoparticles, both for isolated particles and for particles in a cellular environment. The two techniques that have been used in this project are hyperspectral darkfield microscopy and spatial modulation microscopy. Hyperspectral darkfield microscopy is a darkfield technique in which a supercontinuum light source and an acousto-optic tuneable filter are used to collect darkfield images which include spectral information. This technique has been used to measure the spectra of single nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes, and nanoparticle clusters. The results of some of these measurements have also been correlated with finite element method simulations and transmission electron microscope images. The hyperspectral darkfield technique has also been used to image cells that have been incubated with nanoparticles, demonstrating that this technique may also be used to measure the spectra of nanoparticle clusters on a cellular background. Spatial modulation microscopy is based on fast modulation of the position of a nanoparticle in the focus of an optical beam. This modulation results in a variation in transmitted intensity, which can be detected with very high sensitivity using a lock-in amplifier. Since, for biological imaging applications it is desirable to be able to image, for example whole cells in real time, a fast scanning version of this technique has been implemented, which increases the applicability of the technique to imaging of nanoparticles in cells

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He, Jie. "Plasmonic Nanomaterials for Biosensing, Optimizations and Applications." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522336210516443.

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Perino, Mauro. "Characterization of plasmonic surfaces for sensing applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424012.

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My research activity during the Ph. D. period has been focused on the simulation and the experimental characterization of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPP). Surface Plasmon Polaritons are evanescent electromagnetic waves that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface. Since their excitation momentum is higher than that of the photons inside the dielectric medium, they cannot be excited just by lighting the interface, but they need some particular coupling configurations. Among all the possible configurations the Kretschmann and the grating are those largely widespread. When the SPP coupling conditions are reached, abrupt changes of some components of the light reflected or transmitted at the metal/dielectric interface appear. Usually this resonances are characterized by a minimum of the reflectance acquired as a function of the incident angle or light wavelength. Several experimental methods are available to detect these SPP resonances, for instance by monitoring the light intensity, its polarization or its phase. Changes in the physical conditions of the metal/dielectric interface produce some changes of the SPP coupling constant, and consequently a shift in the resonance position. If these changes derive from a molecular detection process, it is possible to correlate the presence of the target molecules to the resonance variations, thus obtaining a dedicated SPP sensor. I focused the first part of my Ph.D. activity on the simulation of SPP resonances by using several numerical techniques, such as the Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis method, the Chandezon method, and the Finite Element Method implemented through Comsol v3.5. I simulated the SPP resonance in the Kretschmann coupling configuration for plane and nano-grating structured metal/dielectric interfaces. Afterward, I calculated the SPP resonance behaviour for grating and bi-dimensional periodic structures lighted in the conical configuration. Furthermore, I analysed the correlations between the grating coupling method and the Kretschamann coupling method. Through all these simulations, I studied the sensitivity of the different SPP resonances to the refractive index variation of the dielectric in contact with the metal. In this way, I was able to find a new parameter suitable for describing the SPP resonance, i.e., the azimuthal angle. By considering this particular angle, the sensitivity of the SPP resonances could be properly set according to the experimental needs and, even more important, noticeably increased to high values. Experimentally I used two opto-electronic benches, one for the Kretschmann configuration and one for the conical mounting configuration. I have performed experimental measurements, in order to compare the experimental data with the simulations. In particular the following conditions were tested: • Plane interface, Kretschmann configuration • Nanostructured grating, Kretschmann configuration • Nanostructured grating, Conical configuration I focused my attention on the nano-structured grating in conical mounting configuration. I found an innovative way to characterize its SPP resonances, by measuring the transmitted signal as a function of the incident and azimuthal angles. The transmittance and the azimuthal sensitivities were characterized with the gratings in both air and water. In order to study the experimental azimuthal sensitivity, I changed the liquid refractive index in contact with the grating by using different water/glycerol solutions. Moreover, I functionalized the surface by using thiolated molecules that form Self Assembled Monolayer onto the metallic layer. In this way, I was able to change the SPP coupling constants and detect the corresponding azimuthal resonance shifts. I also detected the immobilization of an antibody layer onto the metallic surface of the plasmonic interface. All the devices I used in the experimental measurements were produced by the University spin off Next Step Engineering.
Durante il mio periodo di dottorato in Scienza e Tecnologia dell’Informazione l’attività di ricerca principale è stata focalizzata sulla caratterizzazione, simulativa e sperimentale, dei plasmoni di superficie. I plasmoni di superficie sono onde elettromagnetiche evanescenti che si propagano all’interfaccia tra un mezzo metallico ed un mezzo dielettrico. Il loro vettore d’onda è più elevato rispetto a quello della luce nel mezzo dielettrico. Per poter quindi generare l’eccitazione si devono utilizzare particolari tecniche di accoppiamento. I due metodi più diffusi sono l’accoppiamento Kretschmann e l’accoppiamento tramite reticolo. Una volta raggiunte le condizioni di accoppiamento dei plasmoni di superficie, si realizza il fenomeno della risonanza plasmonica, la quale si manifesta attraverso brusche variazioni nelle componenti della luce riflessa o trasmessa dalla superficie. Tipicamente si può registrare un minimo della riflettanza in funzione dell’angolo di incidenza della luce sulla superficie. Esistono, tuttavia, anche altre modalità per registrare e misurare queste risonanze, come ad esempio monitorando intensità, polarizzazione o fase della luce trasmessa e riflessa dalla superficie, in funzione della sua lunghezza d’onda o dei sui angoli di incidenza. Le variazioni chimico/fisiche che avvengono all’interfaccia metallo/dielettrico, modificando la costante di accoppiamento plasmonica, cambiano le condizioni di risonanza. Nel caso in cui le variazioni all’interfaccia siano dovute ad un processo di riconoscimento molecolare è possibile rilevare le molecole d’interesse valutando i cambiamenti della risonanza plasmonica, fornendo così l’opportunità per l’implementazione di sensori specifici. L’attività di dottorato è stata focalizzata innanzitutto sullo studio teorico del comportamento della risonanza plasmonica, utilizzando varie tecniche di simulazione numerica: il metodo RCWA (Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis), Il metodo di Chandezon ed il metodo agli elementi finiti, implementato tramite Comsol v3.5. Ho poi affrontato lo studio, tramite simulazioni, delle risonanze di superficie in configurazione Kretschmann, sia per interfacce metallo/dielettrico piane sia per interfacce nano-strutturate. Considerando una configurazione conica, ho simulato le risonanze di superficie per nano-strutture reticolari e per nano-strutture bi-dimensionali periodiche. Inoltre ho analizzato il legame tra le modalità di accoppiamento grating e Kretschmann. Tramite queste simulazioni mi è stato possibile valutare e studiare la sensibilità delle varie risonanze plasmoniche alla variazione di indice di rifrazione, quando essa avviene all’interfaccia metallo/dielettrico. È stato così possibile identificare un nuovo parametro per descrivere la risonanza plasmonica e la sua sensibilità, ossia l’angolo azimutale, definito come l’angolo tra il vettore del grating ed il piano di scattering della luce. Considerando questo particolare angolo, la sensibilità del sensore può essere controllata con un’opportuna regolazione degli altri parametri coinvolti nell’eccitazione plasmonica, consentendole di raggiungere valori molto elevati. Successivamente, grazie all’utilizzo di due banchi, uno per la configurazione Kretschmann ed uno per la misura di reticoli nano-strutturati in configurazione conica, ho realizzato delle campagne di misure sperimentali. E’ stato così possibile confrontare i risultati sperimentali con le simulazioni numeriche per le seguenti condizioni: • Interfaccia piana, configurazione Kretschmann • reticolo nano-strutturato, configurazione Kretschmann • reticolo nano-strutturato, configurazione conica L’attività sperimentale si è particolarmente focalizzata sul reticolo nano-strutturato, sia per l’innovativa modalità di caratterizzazione delle sue risonanze plasmoniche (valutazione del segnale trasmesso in funzione dell’angolo di incidenza e dell’angolo azimutale), sia per l’elevata sensibilità ottenuta valutando la variazione dell’angolo azimutale. La caratterizzazione è stata effettuata sia per il reticolo esposto all’aria che per il reticolo immerso in un liquido (tipicamente acqua). Per poter verificare il comportamento della sensibilità azimutale ho variato l’indice di rifrazione del liquido in contatto con la superficie utilizzando soluzioni miste di acqua e glicerolo. Inoltre, tramite tecniche di funzionalizzazione della superficie, ovvero applicando delle molecole thiolate che vengono adsorbite sulla parte metallica dell’interfaccia, mi è stato possibile variare le costanti di accoppiamento plasmonico, in modo da verificare la capacità del dispositivo di rilevare l’avvenuta creazione di uno strato molecolare sulla superficie. Inoltre ho positivamente verificato la capacità di immobilizzare uno strato di anticorpi sulla superficie plasmonica. Tutte le misure sperimentali che ho svolto in questa tesi sono state effettuate su sensori con superfici piane o nano-strutturate prodotte dallo spin-off universitario Next Step Engineering, con il quale ho collaborato durante il percorso di ricerca.

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Danilov, Artem. "Design, characterisation and biosensing applications of nanoperiodic plasmonic metamaterials." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0110/document.

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Cette thèse considère de nouvelles architectures prometteuses des métamatériaux plasmoniques pour biosensing, comprenant: (I) des réseaux périodiques 2D de nanoparticules d'Au, qui peuvent supporter des résonances des réseaux de surface couplées de manière diffractive; (II) Reseaux 3D à base de cristaux plasmoniques du type d'assemblage de bois. Une étude systématique des conditions d'excitation plasmonique, des propriétés et de la sensibilité à l'environnement local dans ces géométries métamatérielles est présentée. On montre que de tels réseaux peuvent combiner une très haute sensibilité spectrale (400 nm / RIU et 2600 nm / RIU, ensemble respectivement) et une sensibilité de phase exceptionnellement élevée (> 105 deg./RIU) et peuvent être utilisés pour améliorer l'état actuel de la technologie de biosensing the-art. Enfin, on propose une méthode de sondage du champ électrique excité par des nanostructures plasmoniques (nanoparticules uniques, dimères). On suppose que cette méthode aidera à concevoir des structures pour SERS (La spectroscopie du type Raman à surface renforcée), qui peut être utilisée comme une chaîne d'information supplémentaire à un biocapteur de transduction optique
This thesis consideres novel promissing architechtures of plasmonic metamaterial for biosensing, including: (I) 2D periodic arrays of Au nanoparticles, which can support diffractively coupled surface lattice resonances; (II) 3D periodic arrays based on woodpile-assembly plasmonic crystals, which can support novel delocalized plasmonic modes over 3D structure. A systematic study of conditions of plasmon excitation, properties and sensitivity to local environment is presented. It is shown that such arrays can combine very high spectral sensitivity (400nm/RIU and 2600 nm/RIU, respectively) and exceptionally high phase sensitivity (> 105 deg./RIU) and can be used for the improvement of current state-of-the-art biosensing technology. Finally, a method for probing electric field excited by plasmonic nanostructures (single nanoparticles, dimers) is proposed. It is implied that this method will help to design structures for SERS, which will later be used as an additional informational channel for biosensing

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Bartkowiak, Dorota. "MgF2-coated gold nanostructures as a plasmonic substrate for analytical applications." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19584.

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Plasmonische Substrate stellen ein leistungsstarkes Werkzeug für analytische Anwendungen dar. Neue plasmonische Substrate werden entwickelt, um das Spektrum ihrer Anwendungen und die Nachweisgrenzen der analytischen Spektroskopie zu erweitern. Diese Arbeit setzte sich zum Ziel, plasmonische Nanostrukturen mit Magnesiumfluorid zu beschichten. Magnesiumfluoridbeschichtungen sind zwar porös, weisen aber eine hohe mechanische Stabilität und außergewöhnliche optische Eigenschaften auf (niedrigen Brechungsindexes, großen optischen Fensters). Die Kombination dieser Eigenschaften mit den positiven Eigenschaften von plasmonischen Nanostrukturen kann zu fortschrittlichen plasmonischen Substraten für analytische Anwendungen führen. Diese Arbeit bietet zwei Ansätze für die Beschichtung der plasmonischen Nanostrukturen an die Core-Shell-Nanopartikelherstellung, die einen plasmonischen Core enthält und die Beschichtung von auf Glas immobilisierten plasmonischen Nanostrukturen. Über Metal@metal Fluoride Core-Shell-Nanopartikel wurde in der Literatur noch nichts berichtet. Daher Au@MgF2wurde ein Ansatz verfolgt, der auf dem Wissen über Metall-@Metalloxide und Metallfluoride@Metallfluoride basiert und die Synthese von Core-Shell-Nanopartikeln ermöglicht. Die erhaltenen Strukturen wurden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden charakterisiert. Der zweite Ansatz bestand in der Immobilisierung von Goldnanopartikeln auf Glas und deren Beschichtung mit Magnesiumfluorid. Diese Fertigungsart verleiht eine hohe mechanische Stabilität und wissenswerte optische Eigenschaften an plasmonischen Substraten, die sich durch eine hohe nanoskopische Homogenität der Goldnanopartikelverteilung auszeichnen und optischer Signale, die echte analytische Anwendungen ermöglichen, ermittelt. Die Beschichtung von auf Glas mit Magnesiumfluorid immobilisierten Goldnanopartikeln führt zu einem sehr vielversprechenden Substrat , das in Zukunft für Sensorik und andere Anwendungen verwendet werden kann.
Plasmonic substrates can be a powerful tool for analytical applications. In order to broaden the spectrum of their applications and to push the detection limits of analytical spectroscopy, new plasmonic substrates are developed. The motivation of this work was to coat plasmonic nanostructures with magnesium fluoride. Coatings of magnesium fluoride are porous but exhibit high mechanical stability and extraordinary optical properties including a low refractive index and a wide optical window. Combining these properties with the beneficial properties of plasmonic nanostructures can lead to advanced plasmonic substrates for analytical applications. Two approaches for coating of the plasmonic nanostructures are proposed in this work: a core-shell nanoparticles fabrication and coating of plasmonic nanostructures immobilized on glass. The fabrication of Au@MgF2 core-shell nanoparticles turned out to be an extremely challenging approach. Such systems have not been reported in the literature yet. Therefore, an approach based on knowledge of metal@metal oxides and metal fluorides@metal fluorides core-shell nanoparticles synthesis was undertaken. The obtained structures were characterized using electron microscopy methods. Due to the numerous difficulties in the synthesis and characterization this way of coating plasmonic nanostructures with magnesium fluoride was not further processed. The approach based on immobilization of gold nanoparticles on glass and coating them with magnesium fluoride using a dip-coating method provides plasmonic substrates that are characterized by a high nanoscopic homogeneity of the gold nanoparticles distribution, a high mechanical stability, interesting optical properties and enhancement factors of optical signals that allow for real analytical applications. The coating of gold nanoparticles immobilized on the glass with magnesium fluoride results in very promising substrate that can be used for sensing and other applications in the future.

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Books on the topic "Plasmonic applications"

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Plasmonics and plasmonic metamaterials: Analysis and applications. Singapore: World Scientific Pub., 2012.

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Purazumon nano zairyō no kaihatsu to ōyō: Developments and applications of plasmonic nanomaterials. Tōkyō: Shīemushī Shuppan, 2011.

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Maier, Stefan A. Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications. New York, NY: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-37825-1.

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Shahbazyan, Tigran V., and Mark I. Stockman, eds. Plasmonics: Theory and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7805-4.

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Zouhdi, Saïd, Ari Sihvola, and Alexey P. Vinogradov, eds. Metamaterials and Plasmonics: Fundamentals, Modelling, Applications. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9407-1.

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Turunen, Anton E. Plasmons: Structure, properties, and applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Computational methods for nanoscale applications: Particles, plasmons and waves. New York: Springer, 2008.

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Albert, Challener William, ed. Modern introduction to surface plasmons: Theory, mathematica modeling, and applications. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Sarid, Dror. Modern introduction to surface plasmons: Theory, Mathematica modeling, and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Kawata, Satoshi. Plasmonics: Nanoimaging, nanofabrication, and their applications IV : 10-14 August 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Edited by SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plasmonic applications"

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Song, Chengyi, Chen Zhang, and Peng Tao. "Plasmonic Chiral Materials." In Chiral Nanomaterials: Preparation, Properties and Applications, 51–84. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527682782.ch3.

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Singh, Amit, Tatyana Chernenko, and Mansoor Amiji. "Theranostic Applications of Plasmonic Nanosystems." In ACS Symposium Series, 383–413. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1113.ch015.

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Zhu, Jinfeng, Yinong Xie, and Yuan Gao. "Plasmonic Materials and Their Applications." In Emergent Micro- and Nanomaterials for Optical, Infrared, and Terahertz Applications, 83–119. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003202608-4.

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Çimen, Duygu, Merve Asena Özbek, Nilay Bereli, and Adil Denizli. "Proteomic Applications of Plasmonic Sensors." In Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications, 137–56. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527830343.ch8.

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Çimen, Duygu, and Nilay Bereli. "Plasmonic Sensors for Vitamin Detection." In Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications, 121–35. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527830343.ch7.

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Idil, Neslihan, Monireh Bakhshpour, Sevgi Aslıyüce, Adil Denizli, and Bo Mattiasson. "A Plasmonic Sensing Platform Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Medical Applications." In Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications, 87–102. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527830343.ch5.

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Akgönüllü, Semra, Yeşeren Saylan, Nilay Bereli, Deniz Türkmen, Handan Yavuz, and Adil Denizli. "Plasmonic Sensors for Detection of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents." In Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications, 71–85. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527830343.ch4.

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Üzek, Recep, Esma Sari, and Arben Merkoçi. "Magnetoplasmonic Nanosensors." In Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications, 103–20. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527830343.ch6.

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Qureshi, Tahira, Kemal Ҫetin, and Adil Denizli. "Carbon Nanomaterials as Plasmonic Sensors in Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications." In Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications, 209–19. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527830343.ch12.

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Bakhshpour, Monireh, Melek Özsevgiç, Ayşe Kevser Pişkin, and Adil Denizli. "Cancer Cell Recognition via Sensors System." In Plasmonic Sensors and their Applications, 157–70. Weinheim, Germany: WILEY-VCH GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527830343.ch9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plasmonic applications"

1

Gonçalves, P. A. D., and F. Javier García de Abajo. "Plasmon Satellites in Photoemission: Application to Metal Nanoparticles." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jtu3b.43.

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We theoretically describe the electron–boson interaction governing photoemis-sion from plasmonic nanoparticles and predict that the spectrum plasmon satellite peaks, whose intensity depends on the experimental parameters and on the plasmon’s initial state.

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Nishijima, Yoshiaki. "Mid infrared plasmon metasurfaces for sensing applications." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2018.19p_211b_13.

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Chowdhury, Md G. R., A. Shorter, S. Rout, and M. A. Noginov. "Anomalous Dips in Reflection Spectra of Polymers Deposited on Plasmonic Metals." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jtu3b.14.

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Anomalous dips in reflection spectra of optical polymers deposited on plasmonic metals have been observed and discussed in terms of singularity of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP’s) in the ultraviolet (UV) part of the spectrum.

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Yu, Meng-Ju, Peter Moroshkin, and Jimmy Xu. "Dynamic Symmetry-Breaking and Transverse Photo Response." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jw4a.6.

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A transverse photoresponse to a dynamic symmetry-breaking by an external current is investigated in a structurally symmetric plasmonic system. The results indicate optical angular momentum transfer to free electrons via a spin-momentum locking mechanism availed in surface plasmon polaritons.

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Gonçalves, Paulo André D., and F. Javier García de Abajo. "Plasmon Satellites in Photoemission from Plasmonic Nanoparticles." In Plasmonics: Design, Materials, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications XX, edited by Yu-Jung Lu, Takuo Tanaka, and Din Ping Tsai. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2633582.

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Otsuji, Taiichi, Akira Satou, Hirokazu Fukidome, Maxim Ryzhii, Victor Ryzhii, and Koichi Narahara. "Controlling the P T Symmetry of Dirac Plasmons in Dual-Grating-Gate Graphene THz Laser Transistors for Ultrafast Gain Switching." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jth3b.10.

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We introduce a new scheme of actively controlling the P T symmetry of the graphene Dirac plasmon metasurface in a graphene-channel laser transistor structure. Numerical simulation demonstrates the capability of 100-Gbit/s-class ultrafast gain-switching in its plasmonic THz laser operation by electrically modulating the P T symmetry by the applied bias voltages.

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Berkovitch, Nikolai, and Meir Orenstein. "Broadband plasmonic metamaterials." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2012.jth2a.85.

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Zhu, Peng, and L. jay Guo. "Deep Sub-wavelength Plasmonic Lithography with Antisymmetric Surface Plasmon Mode." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2012.jth2a.82.

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Matsui, Hiroaki, Takayuki Hasebe, and Hitoshi Tabata. "Reflective heat-insulating applications using transparent oxide semiconductors based on plasmonic hybridizations." In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2017.5a_a410_4.

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A great deal of attention has been given to reducing the levels of infrared (IR) light entering automobiles and buildings in relation to energy-saving technology. The present use of thermal-shielding methods cuts IR radiation not by absorption, but through reflection in an effort to decrease re-radiation of heat indoors. Recent demands for thermal-shielding materials require visible and microwave transmissions with high heat-ray reflections. However, these films are unable to fully transmit electromagnetic waves in the microwave range, which are currently difficult to employ in window applications. Recently, IR plasmonic excitations on film surfaces have been observed on transparent oxide semiconductors. The sub-wavelength nanostructures are capable of supporting local surface plasmon resonances, which provide a novel concept of thermal-shielding. In this presentation, we employ experimental and theoretical approaches to report on the plasmonic properties of assembled films of ITO NPs. We show that the selective light reflections in the IR range are based on plasmon hybridizations due to field interactions induced at inter-nanoparticle gaps, and which are demonstrated by changes in the structural size of the NPs. We also focus our attention on the field interactions of .E-fields along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions in an effort to account for the matter by which the assembled films facilitate high IR reflectance. This study provides new insights for the enhancement of heat-insulating capability.

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Arora, Pankaj, Eliran Talker, Noa Mazurski, and Uriel Levy. "Dispersion engineering with plasmonic nanostructures for enhanced surface plasmon resonance sensing." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2018.jw2a.86.

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Reports on the topic "Plasmonic applications"

1

Cabrini, Stefano. Lab-on-Chip device with sub-10 nm nanochannels and plasmonic resonators for single molecule sensing applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1431230.

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Koenenkamp, Rolf. Aberration correction in photoemission microscopy and applications in photonics and plasmonics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1395725.

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Reyes-Esqueda, Jorge-Alejandro. Linear and Nonlinear Plasmonics from Isotropic and Anisotropic Integrated Nanocomposites for Quantum Information Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada596457.

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Camden, Jon P. Application of STEM/EELS to Plasmon-Related Effects in Optical Spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1168830.

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Camden, Jon P. Plasmon Mapping in Metallic Nanostructures and its Application to Single Molecule Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering: Imaging Electromagnetic Hot-Spots and Analyte Location. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1087663.

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