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Academic literature on the topic 'Plasmocytes régulateurs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Plasmocytes régulateurs"
Simon, Quentin, and Simon Fillatreau. "Les plasmocytes régulateurs naturels : identification et rôle en physiopathologie." médecine/sciences 35, no. 4 (April 2019): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019063.
Full textKhamyath, Mélanie, Amélie Bonaud, Karl Balabanian, and Marion Espéli. "La signalisation de CXCR4, un rhéostat de la réponse immunitaire à médiation humorale." médecine/sciences 39, no. 1 (January 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2022192.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Plasmocytes régulateurs"
Martin, Laurence. "Modulation des propriétés des cellules dendritiques humaines par un surnageant de bactérie probiotique : induction de lymphocytes T régulateur." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3107.
Full textThe immune system protects our organism by removing pathogen bacteria and viruses while tolerating non-pathogenic antigens from self, environment and commensal bacteria. Some commensal bacteria called “probiotics” have been shown to exert beneficial effects on the host health. Recent studies demonstrated that these probiotic bacteria could act on immune cells either directly or via their metabolites. Dendritic cells (DC) are able to induce either an effective or a tolerogenic immune response depending on the environment signals. They can be found in the intestinal mucosa where they could interact with probiotic bacteria. We demonstrated that a bacteria-free fermentation product of Bifidobacterium breve C50 (BbC50sn) induced human DC maturation with high IL-10 production in vitro and prolonged their survival. The BbC50sn action on dendritic cells was mediated via the TLR-2 pathway. The DNA microarray analysis showed that BbC50sn-DC produced high levels of mRNA corresponding to genes encoding tolerogenic molecules such as ILT-3, ILT-4 and PDL-1. We also highlighted that these BbC50sn-DC could induce functional regulatory T cells in vitro. These regulatory T cells needed an alloantigen specific activation to exert their suppressive activity and didn’t act through a T cell-T cell contact. These regulatory T cells secreted IL-10 and TGF-ß; however, these cytokines didn’t appear to mediate the suppressive activity. We also showed that other dendritic cells treated with TLR-2 and TLR-4 ligands could induce regulatory T cells different from those induced by BbC50sn-DC. BbC50sn is thus able to exert a regulatory effect through this action on human dendritic cells by inducing regulatory T cells in vitro. As far as we know, it is the first demonstration of regulatory T cell induction by a probiotic derivative product. These results represent a rational basis for BbC50sn use in clinics
Gossez, Morgane. "Rôle des cellules B régulatrices dans l’immunodépression induite par le choc septique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1017/document.
Full textSepsis in a major health problem associated with rising incidence and high mortality rate. In septic patients, an initial proinflammatory response causing life-threatening organ failures is followed by the development of a deep immunosuppression, associated with increased risk of secondary infections and death. In this context, immunostimulating therapies are currently tested. However, success of this strategy requires identification of relevant therapeutical targets and biomarkers allowing individualisation of treatments. B lymphocytes have been poorly studied in sepsis. Moreover, existence of regulatory B cells was recently revealed in several clinical contexts. Thus, we made the assumption that regulatory B lymphocytes or plasma cells could be implied in sepsis-induced immunosuppression establishment.In septic shock patients, we showed that B cells present with decreased proliferation capacity and exhausted-like profile, and are able to produce immunosuppressive IL-10 (Journal of Immunology 2018). We also observed blood plasmacytosis in patients, confirmed by mass cytometry analysis (Scientific Reports 2018). In a murine model of sepsis, the ability of plasma cells to inhibit T cell proliferation ex vivo, and their phenotypic profile suggest for the first time the existence of regulatory plasma cells in sepsis.The role of regulatory plasma cells within sepsis-induced immunosuppression has to be further explored in patients (underlying regulatory mechanisms, associations with clinical outcomes and viral reactivations…). It could highlight novel biomarkers for patients’ monitoring and innovative therapeutical approaches
Bui, Thi Cuc. "Investigation of regulatory plasma cells in health and disease." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP5029.
Full textIntroduction: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are estimated to affect 5-10% of the population worldwide, causing considerable costs for individuals and societies. Most of these pathologies are chronic diseases, which remain without a cure. More specifically, multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent neurological disease in the young adult. Currently, IMIDs (and MS) are primarily treated by immunosuppressive drugs that have broad effects on the immune system. These drugs are applied for life, and can have serious side effects. Moreover, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to these treatments or become refractory after a certain period of time, underlining an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Importantly, none of the currently applied therapies focus on the restoration of immune regulatory pathways in these patients while these diseases are associated with defects in immune regulation. Restoring an efficient immune regulatory network is thus of primary importance to restore a healthy immune balance, and possibly reach a cure for IMIDs. My PhD project focuses on the characterization of the regulatory functions of B cells providing protection from CNS autoimmunity. Indeed, convincing data have demonstrated that B cells can negatively regulate inflammatory response in an animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by their expression of interleukin (IL)-10, and this pathway appears to be defective in MS patients. Is IL-10 the only mediator of the suppressive functions of B cells? The identification of other B cell-derived suppressive molecules in autoimmune neuroinflammation is urgently needed, because this might in turn increases our opportunities in MS therapy. Context: Our group previously identified a distinct subset of natural regulatory plasma cells specialized in the production of IL-10, characterized by the expression of lymphocyte activated gene 3 (LAG-3). This extended the number of regulatory lymphocyte subsets characterized by LAG-3 expression beyond IL-10-producing Tr1 cells and activated CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. In the first part of my PhD, I have characterized the role of these cells in CNS neuroinflammation using a novel genetic model permitting the inducible depletion of Lag3-expressing cells. My results demonstrate that pre-existing Lag3-expressing cells play a crucial role in the control of a subsequent autoimmune attack. Noteworthily, we noticed that Lag3-negative plasma cells displayed a distinctly increased expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (Slpi) gene compared to Lag3-positive plasma cells. Slpi encodes for a protein carrying multiple activities ranging from anti-microbial functions, anti-inflammatory properties, and tissue regenerative effects. The majority of my PhD work consisted in the characterization of a novel subset of regulatory plasma cells characterized by the expression of SLPI, which plays a crucial role to prevent the transition from acute to chronic disease in CNS autoimmunity. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that LAG-3-expressing cells, formed before the onset of an autoimmune reaction, have a determinant role in the regulation of the latter. Furthermore, we identified a new subset of regulatory plasma cells that produce SLPI, which suppresses inflammatory response in EAE. The lack of Slpi expression in B cells results in a severely exacerbated disease, whereas mice genetically engineered to over-express SLPI in B cells were completely protected from the disease. Because SLPI is a secreted anti-protease, our data demonstrate the key role of extra-cellular proteostasis in the control of immunity. Our work has important implication for the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of immune responses, with direct therapeutic implication as it suggests that approaches tailored to increase SLPI levels might be beneficial against IMIDs
Grasseau, Alexis. "Signature moléculaire des lymphocytes B régulateurs en physiologie et en pathologie." Thesis, Brest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BRES0003.
Full textRegulatory B cells (Breg) in human are included in a large group of B-cell subsets encompassing a high heterogeneity of phenotypes (Mauri et al., 2015) and suppressor mechanisms (Floudas et al., 2016). This variability leads to a high difficulty to characterize and monitor human Breg. One aim of our work was to establish and study a molecular signature of B cells with regulatory properties. We developed an in vitro model to polarize peripheral B cells in Breg and inflammatory B cell (Binf). Then, we performed RNA-sequencing on these two functional subsets. A meta-analysis on differentially expressed genes (DEG) has led to the definition of critical factors involved in regulatory function. In vitro studies were used for data validation. From the RNA-seq analysis, we obtained 225 DEG between Breg and Binf. Among them, the c-MAF transcription factor (TF) was the most upregulated TF (FC = 16.2). Also, comparisons with public c-MAF CHIP-seq data confirmed a significant enrichment of c-MAF target-genes in Breg signature. We thus established that c-MAF could be induced in human blood B cells after TLR and BCR stimulation. Besides, we observed that IL-10 production was restricted to c-MAFhi expressing B cells and is associated with the expression of CD27, CD38, and BLIMP1, suggesting a differentiation state close to plasmablast (PB) / plasma cells (PC). Phenotype analysis and comparison of homemade human PB signature with Breg signature also linked Breg with PB state. Moreover, siRNA MAF impairs BLIMP1/T-BET balance in B cells with a decrease and increase of BLIMP1 and T-BET respectively. These results suggest that the c-MAF TF could be an essential factor in the regulatory function of B cells, as observed in other immune cells. Indeed, c-MAF is a significant TF involved in several regulatory immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Xu et al., 2018) or M2 macrophages (Kang et al., 2017). Moreover, the link between c-MAF and BLIMP1, as well as siRNA MAF results, suggest a potential role of c-MAF in B cell fate. Indeed, BLIMP1 and T-BET are associated with PB/PC and memory B cells respectively (Shaffer et al., 2002 ; Tellier et al., 2016; Cancro 2017; Kenderes et al., 2018)