Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plasmas à la Résonance Cyclotron Électronique'
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Vialis, Théo. "Développement d’un propulseur plasma à résonance cyclotron électronique pour les satellites." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS344.
Full textElectric propulsion is an alternative technology to the chemical propulsion that enables reducing propellant consumption for satellites. ONERA is developing an electric ECR thruster with a thrust around 1 mN and an electric power less than 50 W. The thruster creates a plasma by electron cyclotron resonance and accelerates it through a magnetic nozzle. In this thesis work, an optimization of the measurement diagnostics is done. The work also aims at identifying the important parameters for the performances of the thruster and at improving the understanding of underlying physics, in order to increase the thruster efficiency. Several prototypes have been developed and a thrust stand that can directly measure the thrust has been modified. Some parametric studies have been led and have shown that the thruster performance strongly depends on xenon mass-flow rate to microwave power ratio. It has also shown that the external conductor of the plasma source and the ambient pressure have a significant influence on the performances. Following a geometric optimization, a maximum total efficiency of more than 12% has been obtained. Separate measurements of the magnetic and thermal thrust have shown that the magnetic thrust is the main component of the total thrust. A 1D-3V PIC code has been used to simulate the behavior of the thruster. The analysis of the results has shown that the ECR heating and particle acceleration in the magnetic nozzle could be properly computed. The role of the parallel and perpendicular component of electron pressure has been evidenced by this work
Aleiferis, Spyridon. "Étude expérimentale de la production d’ions négatifs H- par des plasmas à la résonance cyclotron électronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI032/document.
Full textThe present PhD thesis is devoted to the experimental study of hydrogen negative ion (H-) production in microwave-driven (2.45 GHz) multi-dipolar Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) plasma sources. H- sources are required in high-energy accelerators and more importantly in neutral beam injection systems for fusion plasma heating. Towards this directions, two sources (namely, "Prometheus I" and "ROSAE III") are designed, fabricated and studied. Both sources are driven by 2D networks of dipolar ECR elementary sources. It is proven that, negative ion formation in these ion sources is governed by the volume production mechanism, which mostly refers to the dissociative attachment of low energy electrons to vibrationally excited molecules. Contrary to the so called surface sources, volume production sources have the advantage of cesium-free operation. Extended experimental study on fundamental principles of H- production is realized, and possible ways for potential source optimization are tested by means of: electrostatic probes, laser photodetachment, optical emission spectroscopy, both in the visible and vacuum ultra-violet spectral range and finally, vacuum-ultraviolet absorption and induced fluorescence spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation in a specially designed setup ("SCHEME"). Analytically:The source "Prometheus I" is initially studied in detail (EEDF, H- density, optical emission spectra etc), under a wide range of experimental conditions (e.g., pressure, power, ECR-zone location), proving its efficiency for H- volume production, and unveiling optimum operational window and paths for obtaining higher H- densities. The contribution of the dissociative attachment process and neutral resonant ionization to H- production in this source, is evaluated, and the dominance of the former is finally confirmed by an equilibrium model.Due to the importance of the ro-vibrationally excited molecules to the dissociative attachment process, the study is focused on their formation reactions. Two formation reactions are considered by adequately adapted experiments: the recombinative desorption of hydrogen atoms on the surface of various materials (ROSAE III and SCHEME) and the electron impact excitation through temporary singlet states (Prometheus I). The study of recombinative desorption is approached in two different ways. With the source ROSAE III, the indirect impact of the process to the production of negative ions, through the formation of ro-vibrationally excited molecules, is evaluated in ECR plasmas. In the second approach, the source SCHEME is designed for the independent investigation of the recombinative desorption of unexcited atoms using synchrotron radiation based diagnostics. The formation of vibrational states through singlet excitation in the source "Prometheus I" is studied by vacuum-ultraviolet emission measurements.A study that combined vacuum-ultraviolet emission spectroscopy, photodetachment and the characterization of electron kinetics with electrostatic probes, allowed the identification of the factors that limit negative ion production in the ECR plasma of "Prometheus I". Perspectives for overcoming these limitations are finally proposed
Bernard, Corine. "Etude d'un plasma à résonance cyclotron électronique par spectroscopie dans la gamme du visible." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10274.
Full textMajeri, Nassim. "Production de rayons X par plasma ECR." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2077/document.
Full textDuring this thesis we have characterised and developed a new X-ray source with an ECR plasma(electron cyclotron resonance) generating energetic electrons from 10 to 120 keV, which will emit adeceleration radiation (the Bremsstrahlung). The improvements of the installation permit to obtain astable source, which can work during one day (eight hours) without stop. In first part of theexperimental study we have studied and determined the optimal parameters of the source: pressure,micro-wave power and the magnetic configuration on the X radiation of the plasma. We also confirmedthe localisation of the energetic electron on a ring due to the magnetic configuration. The low intensityand the non punctual emission size of the X radiation, don’t allow the use of the source, so a target isinserted in the trajectory of the energetic electron to solve these two weaknesses.The main advantage of our source compared with X-ray tubes, is the absence of high voltage (20 to400 kV). For heating the electron, we use a 2,45 GHz wave, that is the industrial frequency authorizedfor the micro-wave oven, delivered by the magnetron. The simple elements that compose our sourceare less expensive than the classical X-ray tubes, due to mainly the high cost of the X-ray generator.Moreover, we don’t need a high vacuum, mandatory for the X-ray tubes; an ECRX operates at aresidual pressure of 0,1 mPa. And finally, we have a compact source. Applications will be various frommedical, like radiological, sterilization, to non-destructive industrial control
Girard, Gregory. "Dépôt par plasma en résonance cyclotron électronique d'alliages de silicium pour applications optiques." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0040.
Full textGaudart, Georges. "Etude de la population électronique énergétique d'une source d'ions à résonance cyclotron des électrons." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10197.
Full textKrivenski, Vladimir. "Étude cinétique relativiste du chauffage et de la génération de courant cyclotroniques électroniques dans un tokamak." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10281.
Full textCaron, Xavier. "Propositions de diagnostic d'un courant toroïdal localisé dans un plasma de tokamak à l'aide de la résonance cyclotron électronique : aspects théorique et numérique." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10005.
Full textPiazza, Fabrice. "Elaboration de films minces de carbone amorphe hydrogéné multifonctions par un procédé plasma utilisant une répartition uniforme de la résonance cyclotron électronique (DECR)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13213.
Full textKhallaayoune, Jamal. "Dépot d'oxyde de silicium aplanissant par plasma multipolaire micro-onde à résonance cyclotronique électronique répartie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10153.
Full textChergui, Mohammed. "Étude numérique de l'absorption et de l'émission d'ondes à la fréquence cyclotron électronique par un plasma de tokamak soutenu par radio-fréquence." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10259.
Full textLeduc, Alexandre. "Etude par la simulation et l'expérimentation de la production d'ions métalliques Calcium à l'aide d'une source d'ions du type Résonance Cyclotronique Electronique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC239.
Full textIn the framwork of the SPIRAL2 project, the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source PHOENIX V3 (upgrade of the previous source PHOENIX V2) has been developed to improve the production of highly charged ions with A/Q=3. The ion source mainly aims at the production of metal ion beams. For this, condensable atoms are sublimated into oven before being injected into the ion source. During the production of such ion beams, the major part of atoms travel towards the plasma chamber wall and remains there. Those losses lead to low global ionization efficiency (of the order of ten percent).An hybrid code PIC (Particle In Cells) was developed to study the dynamic of charged particles and to reproduce the experimental A/Q spectrum produced by the PHOENIX V3 ion source. The simulation focuses on the propagation of ions in 3D. Using several adjustable parameters, the simulation outcomes fit the charge state distribution at the exit of the ion source. This code has provided encouraging results.In parallel with the simulation study of particle dynamic in the plasma, a series of simulations have been run to reproduce the operation of an oven leading to the emission of metallic atoms. The outcomes of the simulations allow analysis of the angular distribution of the particles leaving the hot crucible. The angular distributions provided by the simulations are compared with those obtained through experimental measurements.An experimental study was also initiated to reduce the sticking time of the metal atoms on the plasma chamber. For this, a thermoregulated cylinder has been designed and realised to promote the re-evaporation of fixed paricles. It is thus possible to increase the global ionization efficiency by a factor 2 at least and to study the variation of the efficiency as a fonction of the cylinder temperature
Adrouche, Nacer. "Diagnostic du plasma de la source d'ions ECR SIMPA par spectroscopie X : collisions d'ions néon hydrogenoïdes avec des agrégats d'argon." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105774.
Full textMitrou, Maria. "Etude des mécanismes de production d'ions négatifs d'hydrogène (H-) et de deutérium (D-) en plasmas micro-ondes continu et pulsé par des diagnostics complémentaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI035.
Full textHydrogen negative ion sources are integral components in modern accelerator facilities and in the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) systems of future fusion reactors. The latter application necessitates the development of such very powerful sources and the extension of their operation to deuterium. Numerous research activities on laboratory-scale experiments have been devoted to this subject aiming at understanding the fundamental processes that govern negative ion production. The gained knowledge has contributed essentially to the development of the prototype sources that will be employed in the NBI system of ITER, the largest Tokamak reactor under construction which is foreseen to demonstrate the potential of exploitation of thermonuclear fusion as an alternative source of energy. Nonetheless, there are important technological issues arising from the fundamental physics underlying these sources which need to be overcome in order for them to be able to deliver neutral beams with characteristics satisfying the baseline requirements.In the present thesis, the production of hydrogen (H-) and deuterium (D-) negative ions is studied in Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) driven plasmas. In particular, experimental studies have been carried out in two reactors of similar characteristics, namely “Prometheus I” and “SCHEME-II+”, by means of conventional and state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques tailored to investigate the macroscopic and atomic properties of the plasmas of the two isotopes. In these reactors, negative ion production is based on the so-called volume production mechanism. In this case, the Dissociative Electron Attachment (DEA) reaction is identified as the predominant one. Understanding those factors which influence this reaction may lead to its control and thus an even better control of the negative ion production.In the “Prometheus I” reactor, parametric studies in hydrogen and deuterium plasmas as a function of the supplied microwave power and working gas pressure reveal the existence of optima for negative ion production and allow the identification of isotopic differences. The negative ion yield reaches a value of 0.57×10^16 m^(-3 ) in both plasmas, although in the hydrogen case the ratio of the negative ions to the plasma density is consistently higher than in the case of deuterium. Indicatively, a ratio of 0.225 in H2 versus 0.125 in D2 is observed in representative operating conditions. Measurements, moreover, of the negative ion energies disclose the existence of two ionic populations of different energies. This has been attributed to the two main mechanisms leading to the excitation of molecules in high vibrational/rotational states, which in turn participate in the formation of negative ions via the DEA reaction.On the other hand, the “SCHEME-II+” reactor is intended for studies of the influence of various materials exposed to the produced plasma on the production of the highly ro-vibrationally excited molecules. An advanced spectroscopic diagnostic technique, Vacuum Ultraviolet Fourier Transform (VUV-FT) absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation, is utilized in order to directly probe these species under different plasma operating conditions. The significant positive effect of metallic surfaces on the creation of these species is demonstrated, since a nearly fourfold increase of deuterium molecules in high vibrational states (v"= 4-8) is observed when the plasma faces a tantalum surface as opposed to a Quartz surface.Finally, deuterium plasmas sustained in the pulsed mode of operation are investigated. Time-resolved measurements of the basic plasma parameters, performed in plasma pulses lying in the kHz range, reveal important post-plasma effects. In particular, a higher negative ion yield with respect to that measured in a plasma sustained in the continuous mode of operation has been observed
Wang, Junkang. "Novel Concepts in the PECVD Deposition of Silicon Thin Films : from Plasma Chemistry to Photovoltaic Device Applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX079/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the study of silicon thin film materials deposition and the resulting photovoltaic devices fabrication using different types of plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) techniques.In the first part, we combine a SiF4/H2 plasma chemistry with the matrix-distributed electron cyclotron resonance (MDECR) PECVD to obtain high growth rate microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si:H). Due to the special design of MDECR system, careful investigation of the impact energy of impinging ions to material deposition can be accessible. We find that moderate ion energy conditions is beneficial to achieve a significant drop in the density of nano-voids, thus a higher quality material with better stability can be obtained. A two-step deposition method is introduced as an alternative way to eliminate the existence of amorphous incubation layer during film growth.The second part of work is dedicate to the exploration of the Tailored Voltage Waveforms (TVWs) excitation technique for capacitively coupled plasmas (CCP) processes. As an advantage over the conventional sinusoidal excitations, TVWs technique provide an elegant solution for the ion flux-energy decoupling in CCP discharges through the electrical asymmetry effect, which makes the independent study of the impact of ion energy for material deposition at relatively high process pressure possible. Based on this insight, we have studied the deposition of µc-Si:H and amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) from the SiF4/H2/Ar and SiH4/H2 plasma chemistry, respectively. From the structural and electronic properties analysis, we find that the variation of ion energy can be directly translated into the material quality. We have further applied these results to photovoltaic applications and established bottom-up links from the controllable plasma parameters via TVWs to the deposited material properties, and eventually to the resulting device quality.In the last part, as a further application of TVWs, an “electrode-selective” effect has been discovered in the CCP processes. In the case of silicon thin film deposition from the SiF4/H2/Ar plasma chemistry, one can achieve a deposition process on one electrode, while at the same time either no deposition or an etching process on the counter electrode. This is due to two effects: the multi-precursor nature of the resulting surface process and the asymmetric plasma response through the utilization of TVWs. Moreover, such deposition/etching balance can be directly controlled through H2 flow rate. From a temporal asymmetry point of view, we have further studied the impact of process pressure and reactor geometry to the asymmetric plasma response for both the single-gas and multi-gas plasmas using the sawtooth waveforms. The product of pressure and inter-electrode distance P·di is deduced to be a crucial parameter in determine the plasma heating mode, so that a more flexible control over the discharge asymmetry as well as the relating “electrode-selective” surface process can be expected
Biodedet, Lambert. "Intéraction d'une onde produite par un laser à électrons libres avec le plasma du tokamak alcator C : Étude numérique par la méthode des éléments finis." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10021.
Full textMoreau, Sébastien. "Etude des effets des micro-ondes sur la magnéto-photoluminescence des gaz bidimensionnels électroniques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138993.
Full textà l'apparition d'absorptions secondaires comme l'harmonique de la résonance cyclotron, mais aussi à très faible énergie micro-ondes, à l'existence de magnéto-plasmons. Finalement, nous discutons la contribution de l'ensemble des effets observés sur le phénomène des MIROs.
Zaïm-Bilheux, Hassina. "Design and initial comparative evaluation studies of conventional "surface" and new concept "volume"-type, all permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0008.
Full textECR ion sources are clearly the best choice of existing sources for the generation of CW beams of highly charged ions, and therefore, they are at a premium for high-energy accelerator-based applications. The technology of the source has slowly but steadily advanced over the past several years (improvement in plasma confinement; use of very high frequency microwave radiation; improvement in vacuum quality; supplementing their plasma discharges with cold electrons; biased disks; and gas mixing effect). Recently, it has been suggested that their performances can be significantly further enhanced by incresing the physical sizes of their ECR zones in relation to the sizes of their plasma volumes (spatial and frequency domain methods). A 6 GHz, all-permanent magnet ECR ion source with à large resonant plasma volume has been designed, constructed and initially tested at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The conventional minimum-B("surface") resonance conditions so that direct comparaisons of the performances of the two source types can be made under identical operating conditions. According to initial test results, the flat-B source performs better than its conventionnal-B conterpart, in terms of charge-state distribution and intensity within a particular charge-state. This is attributable to the very large ECR zones present in the source and their locations with respect to the launch direction of the RF power
Felici, Romain. "Évolution spatio-temporelle des paramètres macroscopiques d'un plasma de tokamak lors d'un chauffage cyclotronique électronique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10129.
Full textPerret, Cécile. "Caractérisation de la population électronique dans un plasma de source d'ions à résonance cyclotronique électronique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10123.
Full textDuez, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude de la nitruration de l'aluminium et du silicium par plasma d'azote en résonance cyclotronique électronique répartie." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10188.
Full textDevillers, Guillaume. "Instabilités paramétriques et production d'impuretés sur JET durant le chauffage à la résonance cyclotronique des ions." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10051.
Full textDelsol, Régis. "Etude de la croissance et des propriétés des couches minces organosiliciées, obtenues dans un plasma multipolaire à résonance cyclotronique électronique répartie." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30021.
Full textAhammou, Brahim. "Control of the mechanical and optical properties of SiNx-based films for optical and strain engineering applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1e39bf0e-e06f-4457-a06f-b08b11c3bef6.
Full textDue to their attractive properties, silicon nitride (SiNx) based films have been recognized as essential dielectric films in the microelectronic and optoelectronic industries. In this PhD thesis, we describe how we can control the refractive index and the mechanical properties of SiNx and silicon oxynitride (SiOyNx) films by tuning the deposition process parameters. We use two different plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactors: a standard capacitively coupled reactor with radiofrequency excitation and an electron cyclotron resonance reactor with microwave excitation. We discuss the fabrication and characterization of multilayer structures as an optical application of our thin films. We focus on characterizing and understanding these thin films’ optical properties through spectroscopic ellipsometry. We also study their mechanical properties experimentally using the wafer curvature measurement technique, microstructure fabrication, and nanoindentation measurements. Finally, we show accurate measurements of the strain distribution induced within GaAs wafers when such thin films are structured in the shape of elongated stripes of variable width, using standard optical lithography and plasma etching. For this, we map the anisotropic deformation, measuring the degree of polarization of the spectrally integrated photoluminescence (PL) generated within GaAs by excitation with a red laser. PL from bulk cubic semiconductors such as GaAs is unpolarized, whereas anisotropic strain produces some degree of polarization. These maps were measured either from the semiconductor surface or from cleaved cross-sections. They provide a detailed and complete image of the crystal deformation in the vicinity of the structured stressor film. Then, we performed some finite element simulations trying to reproduce the experimental maps. We believe our simulation scheme is helpful for designing the photonic components, e.g., to predict the local changes in the refractive index due to the photoelastic effect
Pecoul, Serge. "Détermination générale auto-cohérente du couplage d'antennes et application au chauffage d'un plasma de tokamak à la fréquence cyclotron ionique." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10299.
Full textMulot, Jean-Yves. "Transport électronique et émission cyclotron en infra rouge lointain sous pression hydrostatique, dans les hétérojonctions GaAs/GaAlAs et GaInAs/InP." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20173.
Full textMage, Lucile. "Caractérisation d'un réacteur plasma de type résonance cyclotronique électronique à antenne longue : évaluation du réacteur pour un processus de dépôt." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30174.
Full textRegnard, Guillaume. "Développement d'une nouvelle génération de plasmas micro-onde à conditions opératoires étendues." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY060/document.
Full textThis work was done in the « Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (IN2P3,Grenoble) » during a collaboration with Thales. The aim of the project was the development of a newgeneration of microwave plasma with extended operating conditions in the pressure range 0.5 mtorr to10 torr in argon. The presented work consists of: i) designing applicators based on sections of λ/4length serving as impedance transformers between the generator and the plasma with impedance ofgiven assumed value (approximate impedance adaptation); ii) experimentally determine the realplasma impedance (the real part and the imaginary part) for given operating conditions from themeasurement of modulus and phase of the reflection coefficient S11; iii) resize the different sections ofthe applicator by digital simulation taking the real plasma impedance into account; iv) finally, verifyexperimentally that the impedance adaptation between the generator and the plasma is correct. Theobtained results clearly demonstrate that it is possible, at a given frequency (here 2.45 GHz), to designand size a plasma source with an efficiency greater than 80 % for a window in pressure (at least onedecade) equivalent to an operating window in terms of plasma parameters. These individual sourceswith localized absorption of microwaves can be used in numbers to achieve uniform plasmas via theirdistribution over two-dimensional (planar sources) or tri-dimensional (volume plasma) networks, andthus for industrial surface treatments
Lu, LingFeng. "Modelling of plasma-antenna coupling and non-linear radio frequency wave-plasma-wall interactions in the magnetized plasma device under ion cyclotron range of frequencies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2016_0173_LU.pdf.
Full textIon Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ICRH) by waves in 30-80MHz range is currently used in magnetic fusion plasmas. Excited by phased arrays of current straps at the plasma periphery, these waves exist under two polarizations. The Fast Wave tunnels through the tenuous plasma edge and propagates to its center where it is absorbed. The parasitically emitted Slow Wave only exists close to the launchers. How much power can be coupled to the center with 1A current on the straps? How do the emitted radiofrequency (RF) near and far fields interact parasitically with the edge plasma via RF sheath rectification at plasma-wall interfaces? To address these two issues simultaneously, in realistic geometry over the size of ICRH antennas, this thesis upgraded and tested the Self-consistent Sheaths and Waves for ICH (SSWICH) code. SSWICH couples self-consistently RF wave propagation and Direct Current (DC) plasma biasing via non-linear RF and DC sheath boundary conditions (SBCs) at plasma/wall interfaces. Its upgrade is full wave and was implemented in two dimensions (toroidal/radial). New SBCs coupling the two polarizations were derived and implemented along shaped walls tilted with respect to the confinement magnetic field. Using this new tool in the absence of SBCs, we studied the impact of a density decaying continuously inside the antenna box and across the Lower Hybrid (LH) resonance. Up to the memory limits of our workstation, the RF fields below the LH resonance changed with the grid size. However the coupled power spectrum hardly evolved and was only weakly affected by the density inside the box. In presence of SBCs, SSWICH-FW simulations have identified the role of the fast wave on RF sheath excitation and reproduced some key experimental observations. SSWICH-FW was finally adapted to conduct the first electromagnetic and RF-sheath 2D simulations of the cylindrical magnetized plasma device ALINE
Diers, Mathieu. "Conception, étude et optimisation de nouvelles sources plasma à la résonance cyclotronique électronique. Application aux dépôts par voie chimique et par pulvérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782845.
Full textCalafat, Maria. "Formation de poudres dans des décharges d'acétylène en plasma micro-ondes multipolaire excité à la résonance cyclotronique électronique répartie : étude des nanocomposites carbone-carbone et leurs applications." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/531/.
Full textA thorough study of the MMP-DECR proceedings with acetylene has been carried out by analyzing the discharge, the plasma-surface interaction and the deposited materials. Several analysis showed the presence of powders in MMP-DECR acetylene discharges. Thus, in this work we have characterized these powders and we present the hypothesis of particle formation in MMP-DECR proceedings. The particles formed in the discharge have a diameter of approximately 200 nm, their formation rate shows a dependence with plasma power and residence time. Their structure consists in a metal core covered with a sp2-hybridised carbon structure. At the same time, an amorphous carbon thin film is deposited on the reactor walls. Thus, by trapping the particles in this hydrocarbon matrix we can elaborate nanocomposite materials with interesting properties. Some potential applications for these materials are explored in the final section of this work
Lu, LingFeng. "Modelling of plasma-antenna coupling and non-linear radio frequency wave-plasma-wall interactions in the magnetized plasma device under ion cyclotron range of frequencies." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0173/document.
Full textIon Cyclotron Resonant Heating (ICRH) by waves in 30-80MHz range is currently used in magnetic fusion plasmas. Excited by phased arrays of current straps at the plasma periphery, these waves exist under two polarizations. The Fast Wave tunnels through the tenuous plasma edge and propagates to its center where it is absorbed. The parasitically emitted Slow Wave only exists close to the launchers. How much power can be coupled to the center with 1A current on the straps? How do the emitted radiofrequency (RF) near and far fields interact parasitically with the edge plasma via RF sheath rectification at plasma-wall interfaces? To address these two issues simultaneously, in realistic geometry over the size of ICRH antennas, this thesis upgraded and tested the Self-consistent Sheaths and Waves for ICH (SSWICH) code. SSWICH couples self-consistently RF wave propagation and Direct Current (DC) plasma biasing via non-linear RF and DC sheath boundary conditions (SBCs) at plasma/wall interfaces. Its upgrade is full wave and was implemented in two dimensions (toroidal/radial). New SBCs coupling the two polarizations were derived and implemented along shaped walls tilted with respect to the confinement magnetic field. Using this new tool in the absence of SBCs, we studied the impact of a density decaying continuously inside the antenna box and across the Lower Hybrid (LH) resonance. Up to the memory limits of our workstation, the RF fields below the LH resonance changed with the grid size. However the coupled power spectrum hardly evolved and was only weakly affected by the density inside the box. In presence of SBCs, SSWICH-FW simulations have identified the role of the fast wave on RF sheath excitation and reproduced some key experimental observations. SSWICH-FW was finally adapted to conduct the first electromagnetic and RF-sheath 2D simulations of the cylindrical magnetized plasma device ALINE
Slim, Aref. "Procédé de dépôt et transition vers un plasma poudreux en plasma microonde multipolaire excité à la résonance cyclotronique électronique répartie de méthane." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1338/.
Full textThis work deals deposition of thin films in a multipolar microwave plasma excited at distributed electron cyclotron resonance. We focused on the deposition of homogeneous films based on hydrogenated amorphous carbon or heterogeneous structure based on carbon nanoparticles formed in the plasma volume and embedded in the matrix under growth. The aim of this PhD work is to highlight the influence of different process parameters such as substrate temperature, microwave power and gas residence time on plasma-surface interactions mechanisms as well as the transition to a dusty plasma. Indeed, the transient regime linked to the first growth steps (3D growth, hydrogenation) is followed by a permanent regime controlled by the competition between the hydrocarbon species deposition and the surface erosion from hydrogen formed in the discharge. This erosion forms volatiles species that can take place in the plasma deposition process and, depending on their density and structure (for example C2H2), lead to the transition toward a dusty plasma. In contrast with walls temperature (from -25 to 150°C) and the microwave power (in the range 100-800W) that do not lead a sufficient density of volatiles species, the residence time lead to the formation of a dusty plasma: this transition is obtained when increasing the hydrogen interaction probability with the reactor walls. This study is based on electrical and optical diagnoses of the discharge (Langmuir probe, infra-red and ellipsometric spectroscopies) and on ex-situ analyses of deposited thin films (microscopies, spectroscopies, etc. . . )
Girard, Alain. "Etude de l'émission cyclotronique électronique d'un plasma de tokamak au cours de l'interaction onde-électrons au voisinage de la fréquence hybride inférieure." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10120.
Full textSabsabi, Mohamad. "Étude expérimentale du rayonnement émis par un plasma d'arc dans le SF6 [hexafluorure de soufre] à la pression atmosphérique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112309.
Full textThe work presented here is an experimental study of the radiation emitted by the column of an SF₆ wall stabilized-arc at atmospheric pressure. After a brief survey of continuous emission mechanisms, the diagnostic techniques for the characterization of local plasma parameters are described. The temperature is obtained from absolute intensity measurements of one line of S and line of S+. The electron density has been measured by two wavelength laser interferometry. Departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium have been brough to evidence by the study of the correlations between particle densities and temperature fluorine statistical equilibrium is achieved for electron density above 6. 10¹⁶cm⁻³. The Biberman-Schlüter factor for atomic fluorine has been determined, above 364,4 nm, though the analysis of the recombination continuum emitted by the plasma, the study of fluorine attachment mechanism led to the experimental values of fluorine photodetachment mechanism led to the experimental values of fluorine photodetachment cross section, which were in agreement with theoretical results from the litterature. Finally broadening emission at 300 nm, has been identified and interpreted as originating from a shape resonance level of ion F
Graef, Holger. "Dirac fermion optics and plasmonics in graphene microwave devices." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS624.
Full textThis thesis addresses three different phenomena in the DC and GHz electronic transport properties of ballistic, hBN-encapsulated graphene: Firstly, the total internal reflection of electrons is investigated in a gate-defined corner reflector. Both geometric and coherent electron optics effects are demonstrated and the device is shown to be sensitive to minute phonon scattering rates. It is then used as a proof-of-concept for GHz electron optics experiments in graphene, paving the way for phonon time-of-flight measurements. Secondly, we introduce top-gated graphene field-effect capacitors as a platform to study ultra-long wavelength plasmons with a vector network analyzer. We simultaneously measure resistivity, capacitance and kinetic inductance. A resonance is observed at 40 GHz, corresponding to a plasmon of 100 µm wavelength. This result sets a milestone for the realization of resonant plasmonic devices and the investigation of plasmon propagation in bipolar superlattices. Finally, we move our attention to the quantum Hall breakdown in a bilayer graphene sample. DC transport and GHz noise measurements show that the elusive intrinsic breakdown field can be reached in graphene. Its signature is an abrupt increase of noise, with a super-Poissonian Fano factor. A magnetoexciton instability is proposed as the origin of breakdown
Nickees, Sébastien. "Etude et développement d’une nouvelle source ECR produisant un faisceau intense d’ions légers." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112426/document.
Full textThis thesis is in the context of study and design of a new ECR light ion source on LEDA (Laboratory of Research and Development of Accelerators - CEA Saclay), named ALISES (Advanced Light Ions Source Extraction System). As a first step, the magnetic, electrical and mechanical design of the new source is described. Then, simulations were performed to determine the reduction of emittance growth taking into account the reduction of the length of the LBE (Low Energy Beam Line) provided by the source ALISES. With this source, it’s also possible to realize a study on the dimensions of the cylindrical plasma chamber. Simulations were performed to better understand the interaction between radiofrequency wave and plasma. Subsequently, experiments on the source ALISES helped highlight, understand and solve problems in the Penning discharges inside the accelerator column. Measurements performed on the plasma have yielded the assumption that the electrons are heated at the entrance of the plasma chamber and thermalized along its entire length to achieve an energy corresponding to the maximum of the ionization cross section for hydrogen
Stolz, Arnaud. "Conception, fabrication et caractérisation d'un modulateur optique à commande plasmonique sur nitrure de gallium à une longueur d'onde de 1,55 micron." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677475.
Full textLiao, Jiunn-Der. "Modifications physico-chimiques et mécaniques du polyéthylène et du polypropylène par implantation ionique, plasma micro-ondes,bombardement d'électrons et irradiation gamma." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG4202.
Full textTran, Tan Vinh. "CARACTÉRISATION ET MODÉLISATION DES PLASMAS MICRO-ONDE MULTI-DIPOLAIRESAPPLICATION À LA PULVÉRISATION ASSISTÉE PAR PLASMA MULTI-DIPOLAIRE." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139610.
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