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Journal articles on the topic 'Plasma'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Kozhevnikov, Vasily, Andrey Kozyrev, Aleksandr Kokovin, and Natalia Semeniuk. "Kinetic simulation of vacuum plasma expansion beyond the "plasma approximation"." Vojnotehnicki glasnik 70, no. 3 (2022): 650–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg70-37337.

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Introduction/purpose: One of the key approaches to solving an entire class of modern plasma physics problems is the so-called "plasma approximation". The most general definition of the "plasma approximation" is a theoretical approach to the electric field calculation of a system of charges under the electric quasi-neutrality condition. The purpose of this paper is to compare the results of the numerical simulation of the kinetic processes of the quasi-neutral plasma bunch expansion to the analytical solution of a similar kinetic model but in the "plasma approximation". Methods: The given results are obtained by the methods of deterministic modeling based on the numerical solution of the system of Vlasov-Poisson equations. Results: The provided comparison of the analytical expressions for the solution of kinetic equations in the "plasma approximation" and the numerical solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson equations system convincingly show the limitations of the "plasma approximation" in some important cases of the considered problem of plasma formation decay. Conclusion: The theoretical results of this work are of great importance for understanding the shortcomings of the "plasma approximation", which can manifest themselves in practical applications of computational plasma physics.

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Rakhadilov, B. K. "PLASMA INSTALLATION FOR RESEARCH OF PLASMA-SURFACE INTERACTION." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 16, no. 2 (December 25, 2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2019no2/36-42.

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3

IWAMAE, Atsushi. "Plasma Polarization Spectroscopy. Plasma Polarization Spectroscopy on Magnetically Confined Plasmas." Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research 78, no. 8 (2002): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf.78.738.

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4

Keller, John H. "Inductive plasmas for plasma processing." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/5/2/008.

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5

Ricci, Paolo, Giovanni Lapenta, U. de Angelis, and V. N. Tsytovich. "Plasma kinetics in dusty plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 8, no. 3 (March 2001): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1344197.

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6

Weltmann, Klaus Dieter, Eckhard Kindel, Thomas von Woedtke, Marcel Hähnel, Manfred Stieber, and Ronny Brandenburg. "Atmospheric-pressure plasma sources: Prospective tools for plasma medicine." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 6 (April 20, 2010): 1223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-10-35.

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Plasma-based treatment of chronic wounds or skin diseases as well as tissue engineering or tumor treatment is an extremely promising field. First practical studies are promising, and plasma medicine as an independent medical field is emerging worldwide. While during the last years the basics of sterilizing effects of plasmas were well studied, concepts of tailor-made plasma sources which meet the technical requirements of medical instrumentation are still less developed. Indeed, studies on the verification of selective antiseptic effects of plasmas are required, but the development of advanced plasma sources for biomedical applications and a profound knowledge of their physics, chemistry, and parameters must be contributed by physical research. Considering atmospheric-pressure plasma sources, the determination of discharge development and plasma parameters is a great challenge, due to the high complexity and limited diagnostic approaches. This contribution gives an overview on plasma sources for therapeutic applications in plasma medicine. Selected specific plasma sources that are used for the investigation of various biological effects are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the needs, prospects, and approaches for its characterization from the fundamental plasma physical point of view will be discussed.

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Gorev, V. N., and A. I. Sokolovsky. "Hydrodynamic, Kinetic Modes of Plasma and Relaxation Damping of Plasma Oscillations." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 60, no. 3 (March 2015): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe60.03.0232.

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8

Pashchenko, V. M. "Specialized plasma devices for producing gradient coatings by plasma powder spraying." Paton Welding Journal 2022, no. 10 (October 28, 2022): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2022.10.07.

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9

Som, O. I. "Plasma torch for plasma transferred arc surfacing with two powder feeding systems." Paton Welding Journal 2023, no. 8 (August 28, 2023): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2023.08.10.

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10

Sogani, Sonal, and Purnima Dey Sarakar. "Evaluation of plasma fibrinogen and plasma fibrin degradation product (FDP) in Preeclampsia." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 03, no. 04 (December 15, 2013): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v03i4.12.

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11

Bogaerts, Annemie, Christophe De Bie, Maxie Eckert, Violeta Georgieva, Tom Martens, Erik Neyts, and Stefan Tinck. "Modeling of the plasma chemistry and plasma–surface interactions in reactive plasmas." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 6 (April 20, 2010): 1283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-09-20.

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In this paper, an overview is given of modeling activities going on in our research group, for describing the plasma chemistry and plasma–surface interactions in reactive plasmas. The plasma chemistry is calculated by a fluid approach or by hybrid Monte Carlo (MC)–fluid modeling. An example of both is illustrated in the first part of the paper. The example of fluid modeling is given for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in CH4/O2, to describe the partial oxidation of CH4 into value-added chemicals. The example of hybrid MC–fluid modeling concerns an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etch reactor in Ar/Cl2/O2, including also the description of the etch process. The second part of the paper deals with the treatment of plasma–surface interactions on the atomic level, with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations or a combination of MD and MC simulations.

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12

Ostrikov, Kostya (Ken). "Plasma-nano-interface in perspective: from plasma-for-nano to nano-plasmas." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 61, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 014028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aad770.

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13

Herman, Herbert. "Plasma Spray Deposition Processes." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 12 (December 1988): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400063715.

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The concept of plasma is central to many scientific and engineering disciplines—from the design of neon advertisement lights to fusion physics. Plasmas vary from low density, slight states of ionization (outer space) to dense, thermal plasmas (for extractive metallurgy). And plasmas are prominent in a wide range of deposition processes — from nonthermal plasma-activated processes to thermal plasmas, which have features of flames and which can spray-deposit an enormous variety of materials. The latter technique, arc plasma spraying (or simply, plasma spraying) is evolving rapidly as a way to deposit thick films (>30 μm) and also freestanding forms.This article will review the technology of plasma spraying and how various scientific disciplines are contributing to both an understanding and improvement of this complex process.The plasma gun dates back to the 1950s, when it was introduced for the deposition of alloys and ceramics. Due to its high temperature flame it was quickly discovered that plasmas could be used for depositing refractory oxides as rocket nozzle liners or to fabricate missile nose cones. In the latter technique, the oxide (e.g., zirconia-based ceramics, spinel) was sprayed onto a mandrel and the deposited material was later removed as a free-standing form.The technique's versatility has attracted considerable industrial attention. Modern high performance machinery is commonly subjected to extremes of temperature and mechanical stress, to levels beyond the capabilities of present-day materials. It is becoming increasingly common to form coatings on such material surfaces to protect against high temperature corrosive media and to enhance mechanical wear and erosion resistance. Several thousand parts within an aircraft gas turbine engine have protective coatings, many of them plasma sprayed. In fact, plasma spraying has emerged as a major means to apply a wide range of materials on diverse substrates. The process can be readily carried out in air or in environmental chambers and requires very little substrate surface preparation. The rate of deposit buildup is rapid and the costs are sufficiently low to enable widening applications for an ever increasing variety of industries.

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14

Krewing, Marco, Fabian Jarzina, Tim Dirks, Britta Schubert, Jan Benedikt, Jan-Wilm Lackmann, and Julia E. Bandow. "Plasma-sensitive Escherichia coli mutants reveal plasma resistance mechanisms." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 152 (March 2019): 20180846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0846.

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Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas are investigated as augmenting therapy to combat bacterial infections. The strong antibacterial effects of plasmas are attributed to the complex mixture of reactive species, (V)UV radiation and electric fields. The experience with antibiotics is that upon their introduction as medicines, resistance occurs in pathogens and spreads. To assess the possibility of bacterial resistance developing against plasma, we investigated intrinsic protective mechanisms that allow Escherichia coli to survive plasma stress. We performed a genome-wide screening of single-gene knockout mutants of E. coli and identified 87 mutants that are hypersensitive to the effluent of a microscale atmospheric pressure plasma jet. For selected genes ( cysB , mntH , rep and iscS ) we showed in complementation studies that plasma resistance can be restored and increased above wild-type levels upon over-expression. To identify plasma-derived components that the 87 genes confer resistance against, mutants were tested for hypersensitivity against individual stressors (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, ozone, HOCl, peroxynitrite, NO•, nitrite, nitrate, HNO 3 , acid stress, diamide, heat stress and detergents). k-means++ clustering revealed that most genes protect from hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and/or nitric oxide. In conclusion, individual bacterial genes confer resistance against plasma providing insights into the antibacterial mechanisms of plasma.

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15

Brzosko, Jan S., Jan R. Brzosko, Benjamin V. Robouch, and Luigi Ingrosso. "Triton burnup in plasma focus plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 2, no. 4 (April 1995): 1259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871403.

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16

Riviere, A. C. "Plasma physics: Fusion in magnetized plasmas." Nature 314, no. 6009 (March 1985): 322–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/314322a0.

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17

Bulanov, Sergei V., Timur Zh. Esirkepov, Masaki Kando, James K. Koga, Tomonao Hosokai, Alexei G. Zhidkov, and Ryosuke Kodama. "Nonlinear plasma wave in magnetized plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 20, no. 8 (August 2013): 083113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4817949.

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18

Baldis, H. A., D. M. Villeneuve, and C. J. Walsh. "Plasma waves in laser fusion plasmas." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-165.

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This paper presents a review of plasma wave generation in laser-produced plasmas. A general review is given of stimulated scattering phenomena and the use of Thomson scattering techniques to diagnose waves in plasma. Two examples of the application of such methods are given: one is the simultaneous measurement of plasma and ion waves produced by the two-plasmon decay instability, the other the observation of plasma waves generated by stimulated Raman scattering.

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19

Nambu, Mitsuhiro, Padma K. Shukla, and Sergey V. Vladimirov. "Plasma-maser instability in dusty plasmas." Physics Letters A 180, no. 6 (September 1993): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(93)90296-c.

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20

Holodniy, Mark, Lynne Rainen, Steve Herman, and Belinda Yen-Lieberman. "Stability of Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load in VACUTAINER PPT Plasma Preparation Tubes during Overnight Shipment." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.1.323-326.2000.

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ABSTRACT VACUTAINER PPT plasma preparation tubes were evaluated to determine the effects of various handling and shipping conditions on plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load determinations. Plasmas obtained from PPT tubes stored and shipped under nine different conditions were compared to conventional EDTA tube plasmas stored at −70°C within 2 h after phlebotomy. Compared to viral loads in frozen EDTA plasma, those in PPT tube plasma that was frozen immediately and either separated or shipped in situ were not significantly different. Viral loads in PPT tube plasma after storage for 6 h at either room temperature or 4°C, followed by shipment at ambient temperature or on wet or dry ice, were not significantly different from baseline viral loads in EDTA or PPT plasma. The results of this study indicate that the HIV load in PPT tube plasma is equivalent to that in standard EDTA plasma. Plasma viral load is not affected by storage or shipment temperature when plasma is collected in PPT tubes. Furthermore, plasmas can be shipped in spun PPT tubes, and the tubes provide a safer and more convenient method for sample collection and transport than regular EDTA tubes.

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21

Islam, Md Anwarul, and Shinichi Namba. "Radiation Reabsorption Using Plasma Spectroscopic Diagnostics of High Density He Arc Plasmas." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. III (2024): 683——688. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1103048.

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It is possible to determine the plasma parameters such as electron temperature/density and the external field by observing the light emission spectroscopically from the plasmas. The so-called plasma spectroscopy is used as one of the non-invasive plasma diagnostic methods which investigates the plasma dynamics. However, if we simply treat the effect of radiation reabsorption, which is neglected in the usual analytic model, the observed plasma may impair the understanding of this observation. It deals with the effects of radiation reabsorption on plasma spectroscopic diagnosis. The efforts will be made for linear divertor simulators and plasma spectrometers for high-density LHD plasmas where the optical thickness cannot be ignored. Thus, we discuss the influence of radiation reabsorption in the observations using He arc plasmas.

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22

Collins, George, and Donald J. Rej. "Plasma Processing of Advanced Materials." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 8 (August 1996): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400035673.

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A plasma, commonly referred to as the “fourth state of matter,” is an ensemble of randomly moving charged particles with a sufficient particle density to remain, on average, electrically neutral. While their scientific study dates from the 19th century, plasmas are ubiquitous, comprising more than 99% of the known material universe. The term “plasma” was first coined in the 1920s by Irving Langmuir at the General Electric Company after the vague resemblance of a filamented glow discharge to a biological plasma.Plasmas are studied for many reasons. Physicists analyze the collective dynamics of ions and electron ensembles, utilizing principals of classical electromagnetics, and fluid and statistical mechanics, to better understand astrophysical, solar, and ionospheric phenomenon, and in applied problems such as thermonuclear fusion. Electrical engineers use plasmas to develop efficient lighting, and high-power electrical switchgear, and for magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) power conversion. Aerospace engineers apply plasmas for attitude adjustment and electric propulsion of satellites. Chemists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists routinely use plasmas in reactive ion etching and sputter deposition. These methods are commonplace in microelec tronics since they allow synthesis of complex material structures with submicron feature sizes. A substantial portion of the multi-billion-dollar market for tooling used to manufacture semiconductors employs some form of plasma process. When compared with traditional wet-chemistry techniques, these dry processes result in minimal waste generation. Plasmas are also useful in bulk processing—for example as thermal sprays for melting materials.While the quest for controlled thermonuclear fusion dominated much of plasma research in the 1960s and 1970s, in the last 20 years it has been the application of plasmas to materials processing that has provided new challenges for many plasma practitioners. It is not surprising that the guest editors and several of the authors for this issue of MRS Bulletin come from a fusion plasma-physics background.

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23

Berry, Leslie, Paul Monagle, Maureen Andrew, and Anthony Chan. "Decreased Concentrations of Heparinoids Are Required to Inhibit Thrombin Generation in Plasma from Newborns and Children Compared to Plasma from Adults due to Reduced Thrombin Potential." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 87, no. 04 (2002): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613056.

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SummaryThrombin generation is decreased and delayed in plasma from newborns and children compared to adults. We hypothesized that lower doses of heparinoid anticoagulants are required to give similar thrombin generation in newborn (umbilical cord) and child plasmas compared to that of adults. Thrombin generation was performed in either the absence or presence of unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or a covalent antithrombin-heparin complex (ATH). After contact activation and recalcification of each plasma, thrombin activity was measured by periodic sub-sampling into chromogenic substrate. UFH inhibited thrombin generation to a greater extent compared to LMWH in all plasmas. Cord plasma was more sensitive to inhibition and displayed a greater difference in the effectiveness of UFH compared to LMWH than other plasmas. Lower concentrations of UFH and LMWH were required to inhibit thrombin generation in cord and child plasmas compared to adult plasma. In comparison, ATH strongly inhibited thrombin generation in all 3 plasmas. Similar peak thrombin concentrations were observed at lower ATH concentrations (0.1 U/mL) compared to either UFH (0.25 U/mL) or LMWH (0.25 U/mL). As with UFH and LMWH, cord plasma was more sensitive to inhibition by ATH than the other plasmas and lower ATH concentrations inhibited thrombin generation in cord and child plasmas compared to adult plasma. Decreased thrombin generation with heparinoids in cord and child plasmas compared to adult plasma coincided with decreased rates of prothrombin consumption and increased proportion of thrombin- α2-macroglobulin inhibitor complexes. In summary, lower doses of UFH, LMWH or ATH result in similar peak thrombin generation in newborn and child plasmas compared to adult plasma. Cord plasma was the most sensitive to inhibition, with ATH being more effective than UFH or LMWH.

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Graves, David B., and Richard A. Gottscho. "Computer Applications in Plasma Materials Processing." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 2 (February 1991): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400057602.

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In manufacturing microelectronic and optoelectronic devices, thin solid films of various sorts are routinely deposited and etched using low pressure, weakly ionized plasmas. The term “plasma” in this context implies an ionized gas with nearly equal numbers of positive and negative charges. This definition is not very restrictive, so. there are an enormous number of phenomena that are termed plasmas. For example, very hot, magnetized, fully ionized plasmas exist in stellar environments and thermonuclear fusion experiments. High temperature electric arcs are a form of plasma as well. In contrast, the plasmas used in electronic materials processing are near room temperature and the gas is usually weakly ionized. Indeed, due to the sensitivity of electronic devices to high temperatures, their low operating temperature is one of the major advantages of plasma processes.Plasma processing is attractive because of two important physiochemical effects: energetic free electrons in the plasma (heated by applied electric fields) dissociate the neutral gas in the plasma to create chemically reactive species; and free positive ions are accelerated by the plasma electric fields to surfaces bounding the plasma. Reactive species created in the plasma diffuse to surfaces and adsorb; wafers to be processed are typically placed on one of these surfaces.The combination of neutral species adsorption and positive ion bombardment results in surface chemical reaction. If the products of the surface reaction are volatile, they leave the surface and etching results. If the products are involatile, a surface film grows.

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Jasiński, Mariusz. "The Applications of Plasma Techniques." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010092.

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This Special Issue “The Applications of Plasma Techniques” in the section “Optics and Lasers” of the journal Applied Sciences intends to provide a description of plasmas, plasma devices and processes related to plasma applications in a broad sense [...]

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26

MAMUN, A. A., and P. K. SHUKLA. "Discoveries of waves in dusty plasmas." Journal of Plasma Physics 77, no. 4 (October 6, 2010): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377810000589.

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AbstractThe basic features of dusty plasmas, particularly basic characteristics of dust in a plasma, and typical dusty plasma parameters for different space and laboratory plasma conditions, are presented. The complexity and the diversity of the field of dusty plasma physics are briefly discussed. Theoretical and experimental discoveries of linear and nonlinear features of waves, particularly dust-ion-acoustic and dust-acoustic waves, in dusty plasmas are reviewed.

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27

Smirnov, Boris M. "Cluster plasma." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 170, no. 5 (2000): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0170.200005b.0495.

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28

Suenaga, Yuma, Toshihiro Takamatsu, Toshiki Aizawa, Shohei Moriya, Yuriko Matsumura, Atsuo Iwasawa, and Akitoshi Okino. "Plasma Gas Temperature Control Performance of Metal 3D-Printed Multi-Gas Temperature-Controllable Plasma Jet." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 11686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411686.

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The aim of the study was to design and build a multi-gas temperature-controllable plasma jet that can control the gas temperature of plasmas with various gas species, and evaluated its temperature control performance. In this device, a fluid at an arbitrary controlled temperature is circulated through the plasma jet body. The gas exchanges heat with the plasma jet body to control the plasma temperature. Based on this concept, a complex-shaped plasma jet with two channels in the plasma jet body, a temperature control fluid (TCF) channel, and a gas channel was designed. The temperature control performance of nitrogen gas was evaluated using computational fluid dynamics analysis, which found that the gas temperature changed proportionally to the TCF temperature. The designed plasma jet body was fabricated using metal 3D-printer technology. Using the fabricated plasma jet body, stable plasmas of argon, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen were generated. By varying the plasma jet body temperature from −30 °C to 90 °C, the gas temperature was successfully controlled linearly in the range of 29–85 °C for all plasma gas species. This is expected to further expand the range of applications of atmospheric low temperature plasma and to improve the plasma treatment effect.

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Swart, Laura, Patrick Verdonck, and Stanislav A. Moshkalev. "Study of Power Balance in Electronegative Capacitively Coupled Plasmas." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 1, no. 2 (November 17, 2004): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v1i2.257.

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The balance of power model is a relatively simple model, which determines the power dissipated both in the plasma bulk and in the plasma sheath, as well as the ion flux and the average energy lost by an electron in the plasma bulk. It requires only the measurement of the total power and the self bias voltage. The original model does not take into account the effect of the plasma potential on the energy of incoming ions, because for most plasmas, the plasma potential is negligible compared with the self bias voltage. In this work, the plasma potential was taken into account. For pure SF6 plasmas, the modification had a significant effect on the ion flux, which increased by more than a factor 2, when compared with the original model. Besides, there are strong indications that the silicon etching with SF6 was mostly determined by the plasma bulk power, but the contribution from ion bombardment was considerable, too. For less electronegative plasmas, the influence of the plasma potential may be neglected.

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Li, Minchi, Yu Liu, and Jiuhou Lei. "Design and fabrication of a magnetic filter source to produce ionospheric-like plasma." AIP Advances 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 045208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0126931.

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Generation of ionospheric-like plasma is important for laboratory investigations of ionospheric physics. In this work, the design and fabrication of a magnetic filter source for the ground simulation of ionospheric-like low density plasma are presented. Four groups of permanent magnets were placed at different regions to form a magnetic filter configuration, and filaments were used to produce the low-density plasmas. Operating with adjustable plasma source conditions can generate plasmas with variable density and energy similar to those of the ionosphere, which were measured using tailor-made plasma diagnostic tools. The results indicate that homogeneous distributed low-density plasmas on the order of 105 cm−3 were produced using the plasma source. In addition, ion and electron energies that are similar to those of the actual ionosphere were also achieved. Based on the plasma source, ionospheric plasma physics can be investigated in a controlled manner in the laboratory. In addition, it can also be extended to the calibration and testing of payloads for ionospheric plasma measurement before launching.

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Cox, J. Royce, Eric Blinman, Lukas Wacker, and Marvin W. Rowe. "PREMATURE OXIDATION DURING ARGON PLASMA CLEANING OF WATER-RICH RADIOCARBON SAMPLES." Radiocarbon 64, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2021.107.

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ABSTRACT Plasma oxidation for 14C sampling utilizes low-pressure (133 Pa), low-energy (<50 W), and low- temperature (<50°C) Ar- and O2-plasmas generating CO2 for AMS dating. O2-plasmas on empty chambers remove organic contamination. When clean, a new specimen is inserted and Ar-plasmas dislodge adsorbed atmospheric CO2 from surfaces. Finally, O2-plasmas oxidize organic materials to CO2 for AMS analysis. During some Ar-plasmas we observed anomalous pressure increases and unexpectedly high CO2. Residual gas analysis detected water, hydrogen and oxygen species with Ar and CO2 indicating water plasmas that produced excited oxygen species that prematurely oxidized specimen organic matter. Evolution of excess CO2 during Ar cleaning compromises the ability to affirm that atmospheric CO2 was removed. Standards, TIRI Belfast Pine and VIRI I Whalebone, were dated to determine whether water-induced oxidation was a confounding influence in dating. TIRI wood was sampled twice, once a water-soaked specimen in an Ar plasma and once with water-vapor-plasma only. The TIRI dates agreed with six earlier dates on usual specimens. A colloidal extract from VIRI I whale bone was also sampled and dated twice using both water–plasma oxidation in an Ar-plasma and in an O2-plasma. Dating agreement suggests that water plasmas do not pose undue risks of contamination.

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BATISHCHEV, O. V., M. M. SHOUCRI, A. A. BATISHCHEVA, and I. P. SHKAROFSKY. "Fully kinetic simulation of coupled plasma and neutral particles in scrape-off layer plasmas of fusion devices." Journal of Plasma Physics 61, no. 2 (February 1999): 347–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377898007375.

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Fluid descriptions of plasmas, which are usually applied to a collisional plasma, can only be justified for very small Coulomb Knudsen numbers. However, the scrape-off layer (SOL) plasmas of experimental magnetic confinement fusion devices tend to have operational regimes characterized by a Coulomb Knudsen number around 0.1. In interesting detached regimes of an SOL plasma in a tokamak, when the plasma detaches from the limiters or divertors, this number may increase along with the local plasma gradients. Plasma gradients are also known to increase (and thus drive non-local effects) in inertial confinement fusion. Neutrals, which are being produced owing to plasma recombination at the plasma–divertor interface, may be in a mixed collisional regime as well. Thus simultaneous kinetic treatments of plasma and neutral particles with self-consistent evaluation of boundary conditions at the material walls are required. We present a physical model and a numerical scheme, and discuss results of purely kinetic simulations of plasmas and neutrals for actual conditions in the Alcator C-Mod and Tokamak-de-Varennes experimental tokamaks. Results for both steady-state and transient regimes of SOL plasma flow are presented. Our approach, unlike particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo methods, is free from statistical noise.

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Dobslaw, Christine, and Bernd Glocker. "Plasma Technology and Its Relevance in Waste Air and Waste Gas Treatment." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 8981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218981.

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Plasma technology is already used in various applications such as surface treatment, surface coating, reforming of carbon dioxide and methane, removal of volatile organic compounds, odor abatement and disinfection, but treatment processes described in this context do not go beyond laboratory and pilot plant scale. Exemplary applications of both non-thermal plasma and thermal plasma should underline the feasibility of scale-up to industrial application. A non-thermal plasma in modular form was built, which is designed for up to 1000 m³∙h−1 and was successfully practically tested in combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP), mineral adsorber and bio-scrubber for abatement of volatile organic components (VOCs), odorous substances and germs. Thermal plasmas are usually arc-heated plasmas, which are operated with different plasma gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, argon or air. In recent years steam plasmas were gradually established, adding liquid water as plasma gas. In the present system the plasma was directly operated with steam generated externally. Further progress of development of this system was described and critically evaluated towards performance data of an already commercially used water film-based system. Degradation rates of CF4 contaminated air of up to 100% where achieved in industrial scale.

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Levko, Dmitry, Rochan R. Upadhyay, Laxminarayan L. Raja, Alok Ranjan, and Peter Ventzek. "Influence of electron energy distribution on fluid models of a low-pressure inductively coupled plasma discharge." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 4 (April 2022): 043510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083274.

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The aim of the present paper is to examine the influence of assumption on the electron energy distribution function on the relation between the plasma potential and the electron temperature for both electropositive (argon) and electronegative (chlorine) plasmas. A one-dimensional fluid model is used for simplicity although similar results were obtained using a self-consistent two-dimensional fluid model coupled with the Maxwell's equations for inductively coupled plasmas. We find that for electropositive plasma only a bi-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function provides reasonable results compared to measurements in low-pressure inductively coupled plasmas, namely, the increasing plasma potential for increasing electron temperature. For electronegative plasma, the plasma potential is an increasing function of the electron temperature for all electron distributions considered in the model. However, the scaling factors do not agree with the conventional plasma theory. We explain these results by the deviation of electrons from a Boltzmann distribution, which is due to non-equilibrium and non-local nature of plasma at the low-pressure conditions.

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35

Jurov, Andrea, Janez Zavašnik, and Uros Cvelbar. "Investigation of Carbon Nanostructure Synthesis Pathway with Plasma Treatment of Ethanol." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0219897mtgabs.

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Plasma conversion of ethanol into carbon nanostructures is easily achieved by in-liquid plasmas but also possible with atmospheric pressure plasmas, where plasma forms in the gas phase over the liquid’s surface. Two plasma configurations were used – atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) and dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). These plasmas configurations should help reveal synthesis paths of different carbon allotropes. Moreover, this focus is on the determination of the importance of the in-liquid electrode material on nanostructure production and the possibilities of controlling nano-carbon allotropes by controlling plasma parameters. Plasma-liquid interaction was additionally influenced by an electrode placed under the treatment chamber or the addition of a graphite foil in the liquid ethanol. The experiments were conducted in ethanol with argon plasma, indicating an interesting pathway for converting ethanol into nanocarbons. Ethanol solution was analysed with UV-Vis spectroscopy, while carbon nanostructures were more thoroughly investigated with SEM and TEM. In the beginning, obtained carbon allotropes were mostly amorphous, whose size reduced with longer treatment times and structured carbon was synthesised.

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36

FUJIMOTO, Takashi. "Plasma spectroscopy - Ionizing-, recombining- and equilibrium-plasmas." Journal of the Spectroscopical Society of Japan 34, no. 6 (1985): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5111/bunkou.34.347.

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37

Lee, Sang-Yun, Peter H. Yoon, Ensang Lee, and Weichao Tu. "Simulation of Plasma Emission in Magnetized Plasmas." Astrophysical Journal 924, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac32bb.

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Abstract The recent Parker Solar Probe observations of type III radio bursts show that the effects of the finite background magnetic field can be an important factor in the interpretation of data. In the present paper, the effects of the background magnetic field on the plasma-emission process, which is believed to be the main emission mechanism for solar coronal and interplanetary type III radio bursts, are investigated by means of the particle-in-cell simulation method. The effects of the ambient magnetic field are systematically surveyed by varying the ratio of plasma frequency to electron gyrofrequency. The present study shows that for a sufficiently strong ambient magnetic field, the wave–particle interaction processes lead to a highly field-aligned longitudinal mode excitation and anisotropic electron velocity distribution function, accompanied by a significantly enhanced plasma emission at the second-harmonic plasma frequency. For such a case, the polarization of the harmonic emission is almost entirely in the sense of extraordinary mode. On the other hand, for moderate strengths of the ambient magnetic field, the interpretation of the simulation result is less clear. The underlying nonlinear-mode coupling processes indicate that to properly understand and interpret the simulation results requires sophisticated analyses involving interactions among magnetized plasma normal modes, including the two transverse modes of the magneto-active plasma, namely, the extraordinary and ordinary modes, as well as electron-cyclotron-whistler, plasma oscillation, and upper-hybrid modes. At present, a nonlinear theory suitable for quantitatively analyzing such complex-mode coupling processes in magnetized plasmas is incomplete, which calls for further theoretical research, but the present simulation results could provide a guide for future theoretical efforts.

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38

Porkolab, Miklos. "Kinetic theory of plasma waves, homogeneous plasmas." Nuclear Fusion 38, no. 11 (November 1998): 1737–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/38/11/701.

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39

Benedikt, J. "Plasma-chemical reactions: low pressure acetylene plasmas." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43, no. 4 (January 12, 2010): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/43/4/043001.

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40

CHUTOV, Yu I., O. Yu KRAVCHENKO, R. D. SMIRNOV, and P. P. J. M. SCHRAM. "Relaxation of dusty plasmas in plasma crystals." Journal of Plasma Physics 63, no. 1 (January 2000): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377899008107.

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Relaxation phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) plasma crystals have been investigated, including both the self-consistent electric charge of dust particles and the electron and ion velocity distribution functions, by means of a modified 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) method. The results obtained show that the mutual interaction of dust particles in such crystals leads to special properties of the background electrons and ions due to their selective collection by dust particles during the relaxation. These electrons and ions can behave as non-ideal components of dusty plasmas in plasma crystals even in cases where their numbers in the Debye cube are large. This effect is caused by their intensive charge exchange with dust particles, which provides dusty plasmas with the status of open statistical systems. The selective collection of electrons and ions by dust particles also causes their deviation from the initial equilibrium as well as the non-equilibrium evolution of the self-consistent electric charge of the dust particles. Relaxation phenomena in plasma crystals have to be taken into account in all cases of strong changes of plasma parameters, for example due to strong oscillations and waves in these crystals.

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41

Ghomi, Hamid, Mansour Khoramabadi, Padma Kant Shukla, and Mahmod Ghorannevis. "Plasma sheath criterion in thermal electronegative plasmas." Journal of Applied Physics 108, no. 6 (September 15, 2010): 063302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3475508.

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42

Bingham, R., L. O. Silva, J. T. Mendonça, P. K. Shukla, W. B. Mori, and A. Serbeto. "Neutrino plasma coupling in dense astrophysical plasmas." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 46, no. 12B (November 19, 2004): B327—B334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/46/12b/028.

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43

Kallenbach, A., M. Balden, R. Dux, T. Eich, C. Giroud, A. Huber, G. P. Maddison, et al. "Plasma surface interactions in impurity seeded plasmas." Journal of Nuclear Materials 415, no. 1 (August 2011): S19—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.11.105.

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Hershkowitz, Noah, and Robert A. Breun. "Diagnostics for plasma processing (etching plasmas) (invited)." Review of Scientific Instruments 68, no. 1 (January 1997): 880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147752.

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Sundar, Sita, and Zhandos A. Moldabekov. "Plasma–grain interaction in ultracold complex plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 27, no. 3 (March 2020): 033701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135352.

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46

Rosenberg, Marlene, Gabor J. Kalman, Stamatios Kyrkos, and Zoltan Donko. "Beam–plasma interaction in strongly coupled plasmas." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 39, no. 17 (April 7, 2006): 4613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/39/17/s47.

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47

Stenflo, L., and M. Y. Yu. "Plasma oscillons in spherically bounded magnetized plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 5, no. 9 (September 1998): 3122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873038.

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48

Morfill, G. E., H. M. Thomas, U. Konopka, and M. Zuzic. "The plasma condensation: Liquid and crystalline plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 6, no. 5 (May 1999): 1769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873435.

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49

TEWARI, AARTI, and SURESH C. SHARMA. "Theoretical investigations on the effect of different plasmas on growth and field emission properties of a spherical carbon nanotube (CNT) tip placed over cylindrical surfaces." Journal of Plasma Physics 79, no. 5 (August 9, 2013): 939–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377813000731.

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AbstractThe theoretical investigations on the effect of different plasmas on the growth and field emission properties of a spherical carbon nanotube (CNT) tip placed over cylindrical CNT surfaces have been carried out for the typical glow discharge plasma parameters. Different plasmas such as H2, Ar, CH4 and CF4 have been considered, and the growth of the CNT in the presence of various plasmas has been estimated in the present investigation. This study suggests that the field emission from the CNT grown in the presence of the H2 plasma is largest. It is also found that amongst the plasmas considered, the CF4 plasma is the most favourable for the growth of the large radius CNT, since the radius achieved in the CF4 plasma is the largest.

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50

Agarwal, A. K. "A survey on fundamental physics of dusty plasma." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 1, no. 3 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.131301.

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Two omnipresent ingredients of the Universe are plasmas and charged dust. The interplay between these two, dusty plasmas have opened up a new and fascinating research area. Dust turns out to be ubiquitous in cosmic plasmas, planetary plasmas, plasmas near the earth and plasmas in the laboratory. In fact, one may speculate that except in the hottest regions of fusion plasmas where dust particles would not survive, most plasmas are dusty plasmas in the sense that some dust particles may be present. Thus dusty plasmas play a vital role in wide range of phenomenon and are of current research interest for a number of reasons. Despite the fundamental study they also have relevance to fusion plasmas. It is an unavoidable problem that the plasma in a Tokomak is contaminated by scrape-off from the walls (thus these plasmas are inherently „dusty‟). Thus control and elimination of the dust produced is an important problem. Thus dusty plasma physics is one of the most rapidly growing and truly interdisciplinary fields of science, as indicated by the number of published papers in research journals and conference proceedings. Dusty plasma physics finds potential application in understanding not only astrophysical phenomenon like dust clusters, star formation, instabilities of interstellar molecular etc but also in the planetary magnetospheres of our solar system. Laboratory dusty plasma is used as a role model to understand these entire phenomena. In this paper, the basic physics of dusty plasmas is discussed. The main focus is on theoretical and experimental observations of dust charging processes, associated forces, crystallization, waves, the dynamics of rotating dust grains and scattering.

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