Dissertations / Theses: 'Plasma morphology'

1

Buday, Jakub. "Optomechanická konstrukce pro zobrazování laserem buzeného plazmatu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402638.

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Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a method of analytical chemistry that provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of a sample. The ablation process of a sample is fast and dynamic and the change of plasma in time and space is a question of a few microseconds. An examination that provides a good time and space resolution is necessary to understand better the physical processes. For this reason, the goal of this thesis is to design a basic optomechanic construction for this type of experiment. Furthermore, it is important to check the functionality of this design and to use it for a basic comparison between the spectroscopic and imaging data. Also, the time development of plasma will be observed under different experimental conditions. The goal of this thesis, in general, is to prove that the morphology of plasma is as it is described in available related literature.

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2

Drinkhill, Mark John. "The effect of left atrial receptor stimulation on plasma levels of cortisol and renin activity." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252626.

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3

Jamilpour, Nima, and Nima Jamilpour. "Microengineered Substrates for Systematic Probing Of Cardiomyocytes’ Morphology, Structure, and Function." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626337.

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The inability of the myocardium to regenerate after injury plus the inadequate number of available hearts for transplantation have drawn attention to the creation of functional tissue constructs for implantation within the injured heart. In addition, there is an increasing interest in developing in vitro models to study heart physiology and pathology as well as to evaluate drug efficacy. Formation of these in vitro models and tissue constructs requires highly specific conditions to mimic the normal environment of cells in the body. Firstly, in this study, plasma lithography patterning of elastomeric substrates is exploited for creating microtissues composed of neonatal cardiomyocytes, and investigating their development in different mechanical microenvironments. Immunofluorescence microscopy and force spectroscopy show that the size and shape of the cardiomyocyte clusters, as well as the sarcomere length, fiber alignment, and beating amplitude and frequency of the cardiomyocytes, are regulated by microenvironmental cues. Computational analysis reveals that the mechanical stress at the cluster-substrate interface strongly correlates with the aforementioned characteristics of the cardiomyocytes. Taken together, our results underscore a collective mechanoadaptation scheme in cardiac development. Secondly, a silicone substrate with tunable elasticity is characterized for biological studies. Uniaxial tensile testing and microindentation show that these substrates could cover the biological range of stiffness for normal and pathological conditions. Spectrophotometry demonstrates that the transmittance of these substrates is comparable to those of glass and Sylgard 184. Atomic force microscopy shows that the surface roughness of samples is lower than that of widely-used Sylgard 184. Contact angle measurements before and after exposure to air plasma indicate that these samples are compatible with plasma lithography patterning. Thirdly, a new technique for cell patterning is developed which utilizes selective plasma lithography to modify protein adhesion on the substrate. This approach is based on controlling the conformation of Pluronic F-127 layer adsorbed on the surface by modifying surface wettability. Contact angle measurements show that both PDMS and plastic petri dish are compatible with this technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy confirm the adsorption of PF-127 layers with controlled conformation. Fluorescent and bright-field microscopy demonstrate selective adhesion of proteins and attachment of cells merely on plasma-treated areas. Finally, micropillar arrays are employed to determine the effects of two proteins associated with regulation of thin filament length, i.e. Lmod2 and Tmod1, on contractile force generation at the cellular level. Our results demonstrate that the contractile force of single isolated Lmod2-KO cardiomyocytes decreases compared to the wildtype control. Transduction of Lmod2 in the knockout cardiomyocytes restores their contractile force to the level of their WT counterparts, verifying that the observed contractile dysfunction is specific to the loss of Lmod2. Our data demonstrate that overexpression of Tmod1 in cardiomyocytes decreases their contractile force compared to the WT cells and confirm the effects of Lmod2 knockout on contractile force generation.

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4

AuBuchon, Joseph Francis. "Control of carbon nanotube growth directions and morphology by direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208234.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 5, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-135).

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5

Zhao, Junmei. "Impact of Dietary Proteins on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, and mRNA Abundance in Weanling Pigs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29132.

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The objectives of these studies were to investigate the effects of two special proteins, spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP), a high quality protein source, and PeptivaÂ®, a mixture of peptides manufactured from marine products, on growth performance, nitrogen balance and enzyme and nutrient transporter mRNA expression in the brushborder membrane in weanling pigs. The results indicated that 6 % SDPP increased ADG and ADFI in the first 10 d after weaning (P < 0.05) without carry-over benefits in subsequent phases. There were potential additive effects of SDPP and Cu on growth promotion. Trends for interaction of diet and pen sanitation were observed for G:F with more pronounced response to SDPP (P = 0.07) and Cu (P = 0.11) supplementation in the sub-sanitary pens. In the duodenum, reduced crypt depth with Cu supplementation (P < 0.01) and a trend for greater villous length with SDPP supplementation (P = 0.09) were observed. Pigs reared in the sub-sanitary pens had lower ADG (P < 0.05) as well as shorter villous length and less crypt depth (P < 0.05) than those from sanitary pens. To investigate the potential impact of dietary proteins on gene expression in the intestine, 54 weanling pigs were fed either 6 % SDPP, 0.5 % PeptivaÂ®, or soy control diets, and were killed 3 or 10 d after weaning. Northern blot results revealed significant diet by intestinal segment interactions (P < 0.05) for aminopeptidase A and aminopeptidase N. Aminopeptidase A was evenly distributed along the small intestine in the PeptivaÂ® group, but decreased dramatically in the ileum in other groups. Aminopeptidase N increased from the proximal to the distal intestine in the soy protein and SDPP groups, whereas in the PeptivaÂ® group, relative abundance was highest in the jejunum and lowest in the duodenum. Most of the enzyme and nutrient transporter mRNA abundance was observed in the distal segements of the small intestine and changed as the animals matured. Due to the low abundance of cytokine mRNA expression in the intestine, mRNA levels of cytokine were quantified by Real-Time PCR. The results indicated that the pigs fed the SDPP diet tended to have lower pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1-Î² and TNF-Î± compared to other treatments. Tumor necrosis factor--Î± and IL-10 mRNA abundance increased from the proximal to the distal intestine, and was higher (P < 0.05) in the ileum than in the duodenum and jejunum. The mRNA abundance of IL-1-Î², IL-10, and TNF-Î± also increased as the animals matured (P < 0.01). In summary, SDPP increased growth performance of weanling pigs, which were associated with changes in intestinal morphology and function. PeptivaÂ® influenced aminopeptidases distribution along the small intestine. The mRNA abundance for digestive enzymes, nutrient transporters, and cytokines were differentially regulated along the small intestine as pigs matured.
Ph. D.

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6

Rigueira, Leandro César Milagres [UNESP]. "Plasma e ou extrato de levedura em dietas de leitões nos períodos pré e pós-desmame." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104903.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Objetivou-se avaliar dietas contendo plasma e ou extrato de levedura, sobre o desempenho (GDP-ganho diário de peso, CDR-consumo diário de ração e CAconversão alimentar) e a morfologia intestinal de leitões dos 7 aos 63 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 288 leitões de 7 dias de idade e 2,57 ± 0,05 kg de peso, distribuídos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro dietas experimentais, seis repetições e doze leitões por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais pré-inicial I (7 a 21 dias), pré-inicial II (22 a 35 dias) e inicial I (36 a 49 dias de idade) foram: dieta controle (DC)–sem inclusão de plasma e ou extrato de levedura; dieta plasma (PL)- inclusões de 6, 4 e 2% de plasma; dieta extrato de levedura (EL)-inclusões de 6, 4 e 2% de extrato de levedura, e dieta plasma + extrato de levedura (PL+EL)-inclusões de 3, 2 e 1% de plasma e extrato de levedura, respectivamente. Dos 50 aos 63 dias de idade, todos os leitões receberam uma mesma dieta. Aos 28 e aos 49 dias de idade, foram abatidos seis animais de cada dieta experimental, para avaliações da estrutura e ultraestrutura do duodeno e jejuno. Observou-se que de 7 a 21 e de 7 a 28 dias de idade, nenhuma variável de desempenho foi afetada (P>0,05), mas de 7 a 35 dias, o GDP foi maior (P<0,05) nos leitões que receberam a dieta PL + EL. De 7 a 49 e de 7 a 63 dias, notou-se maiores (P<0,05) GDP e CDR nos animais que receberam a dieta PL+EL, quando comparados aos que consumiram a dieta DC. A estrutura e a ultra-estrutura não foram afetadas (P>0,05). Conclui-se que a combinação de plasma e extrato de levedura promove ganho diário de peso superior, mas não afeta a morfologia intestinal dos leitões dos 7 aos 63 dias de idade
The aimed was to evaluate diets containing plasma and or yeast extract on performance (DWG - daily weight gain, DFI - daily feed intake and FC -feed conversion) and the intestinal morphology of the piglets from 7 to 63 days of age. There were used 288 piglets from 7 days of age and 2.57 ± 0.05 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments, six replicates and twelve piglets in each experimental unit. The experimental units pre-initial I (from 7 to 21 days of age), preinitial II (from 22 to 35 days of age) and initial I (from 36 to 49 days of age) were: control diet (CD) - without including plasma and / or yeast extract, plasma diet (PL) - inclusions of 6, 4 and 2% plasma; yeast extract diet (YE) - inclusions 6, 4 and 2% of yeast extract, and plasma diet + yeast extract (PL + YE) - additions of 3, 2 and 1% of plasma and yeast extract, respectively. From 50 to 63 days of age, all animals received the same diet. At 28 and 49 days of age, were killed six animals of each experimental diet for evaluations of the structure and ultra structure of the duodenum and jejunum. It was observed that from 7 to 21 and from 7 to 28 days of age, no variable performance was affected (P> 0.05), but from 7 to 35 days of age, the DWG was higher (P <0.05) on the piglets fed with diet PL + YE. From 7 to 49 and from 7 to 63 days of age, it was noted (P <0.05) DWG and DFI in the animals fed with diet PL + YE compared to those fed with the diet CD. The structure and ultra structure were not affected (P> 0.05). We conclude that the combination of plasma and yeast extract promotes a superior weight gain, but does not affect the intestinal morphology of pigs from 7 to 63 days of age

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7

Woller, Kevin Benjamin. "Characterization of the dynamic formation of nano-tendril surface morphology on tungsten while exposed to helium plasma." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112365.

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Thesis: Sc. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2017.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 133-140).
Tungsten undergoes surface morphology changes on the nanometer scale when subjected to low energy helium ion bombardment. This is due in part to the ion bombardment causing tungsten atoms to move on the surface, but also because of helium implantation and bubble development in the near surface at a depth < 30 nm. At high enough surface temperatures, T/TM >/~ 0.2, where TM is the melting temperature, nanoscale tendrils form on the surface and grow longer with additional bombardment by helium, but will decompose at the same temperature without helium bombardment. A tungsten surface that develops a densely packed layer of nano-tendrils over macroscopic areas greater than the grain size is referred to as tungsten fuzz, and is under intense study in fusion energy research, both for better understanding of how tungsten fuzz forms and of how tungsten fuzz affects the performance of plasma-facing components. The necessity of helium irradiation of the surface to induce nano-tendril growth motivates investigation into the dynamic process of helium implantation and accumulation in the surface. In this thesis, in situ elastic recoil detection is developed and used to measure the dynamic concentration of helium within a tungsten surface during the active growth of tungsten fuzz. During the development of in situ elastic recoil detection analysis, a variant of tungsten nano-tendril growth was discovered featuring drastically isolated bundles of nano-tendrils that grow at a higher rate than tungsten fuzz. The variation in nano-tendril morphology is correlated with incident helium ion energy modulation. The dependence on ion energy modulation and isolated nature of the nano-tendril bundles reveals clearly that nano-tendril growth is sensitive to surface kinetic effects. In this thesis, the structure and parameter space of the newly discovered nano-tendril bundle growth is analyzed with a suite of electron-based surface science techniques.
by Kevin Benjamin Woller
Sc. D.

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8

Terschová, Vanda. "Korelace charakteristických signálů laserem buzeného plazmatu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444962.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a fast analytical method, but can also be complicated. This spectroscopic method is used to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of a sample. The analysis is carried out by capturing the emission radiation of the generated plasma. The accuracy and stability of the measurement is affected by several parameters, such as stability of the laser, physical and chemical properties of the sample, its homogeneity and others, that can not always be eliminated. For this reason other methods are being added to the LIBS experiment that could improve the quality of this analysis. This diploma thesis is focused on a research of the literature on the standardization of laser-induced plasma signal and the possibility of using an acoustic signal for this purpose. For this reason , it is necessary to perform basic experiments and to verify if the acoustic signal correlates with the emission signal. If these signals correlate together, it would be possible to use the acoustic signal for standardization og the LIBS data, which would improve the accuracy of the analysis. In the theoretical part at the beginning other spectroscopic methods are summarised. Then the work is focused on the description of the LIBS method, possible ways of the analysis, standardization of emission signals and its review in the literature. The experimental part is aimed at the study of the acoustic signal that was performed in the framework of this study. At the beginning, there are introduced results of the basic measurements on steel and brass samples. These results were important for an optimization of the experiment. The following section shows the results obtained from the measurements of the acoustic signal on the samples with the same chemical composition but different hardness. At the end the correlation between the acoustic and emission signals is discussed.

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9

Rigueira, Leandro César Milagres. "Plasma e ou extrato de levedura em dietas de leitões nos períodos pré e pós-desmame /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104903.

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Orientador: Maria Cristina Thomaz
Banca: Jacinta Diva Ferrugem Gomes
Banca: Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño
Banca: Melissa Izabel Hannas
Banca: Jeffrey Frederico Lui
Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar dietas contendo plasma e ou extrato de levedura, sobre o desempenho (GDP-ganho diário de peso, CDR-consumo diário de ração e CAconversão alimentar) e a morfologia intestinal de leitões dos 7 aos 63 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 288 leitões de 7 dias de idade e 2,57 ± 0,05 kg de peso, distribuídos no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro dietas experimentais, seis repetições e doze leitões por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais pré-inicial I (7 a 21 dias), pré-inicial II (22 a 35 dias) e inicial I (36 a 49 dias de idade) foram: dieta controle (DC)-sem inclusão de plasma e ou extrato de levedura; dieta plasma (PL)- inclusões de 6, 4 e 2% de plasma; dieta extrato de levedura (EL)-inclusões de 6, 4 e 2% de extrato de levedura, e dieta plasma + extrato de levedura (PL+EL)-inclusões de 3, 2 e 1% de plasma e extrato de levedura, respectivamente. Dos 50 aos 63 dias de idade, todos os leitões receberam uma mesma dieta. Aos 28 e aos 49 dias de idade, foram abatidos seis animais de cada dieta experimental, para avaliações da estrutura e ultraestrutura do duodeno e jejuno. Observou-se que de 7 a 21 e de 7 a 28 dias de idade, nenhuma variável de desempenho foi afetada (P>0,05), mas de 7 a 35 dias, o GDP foi maior (P<0,05) nos leitões que receberam a dieta PL + EL. De 7 a 49 e de 7 a 63 dias, notou-se maiores (P<0,05) GDP e CDR nos animais que receberam a dieta PL+EL, quando comparados aos que consumiram a dieta DC. A estrutura e a ultra-estrutura não foram afetadas (P>0,05). Conclui-se que a combinação de plasma e extrato de levedura promove ganho diário de peso superior, mas não afeta a morfologia intestinal dos leitões dos 7 aos 63 dias de idade
Abstract: The aimed was to evaluate diets containing plasma and or yeast extract on performance (DWG - daily weight gain, DFI - daily feed intake and FC -feed conversion) and the intestinal morphology of the piglets from 7 to 63 days of age. There were used 288 piglets from 7 days of age and 2.57 ± 0.05 kg, distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments, six replicates and twelve piglets in each experimental unit. The experimental units pre-initial I (from 7 to 21 days of age), preinitial II (from 22 to 35 days of age) and initial I (from 36 to 49 days of age) were: control diet (CD) - without including plasma and / or yeast extract, plasma diet (PL) - inclusions of 6, 4 and 2% plasma; yeast extract diet (YE) - inclusions 6, 4 and 2% of yeast extract, and plasma diet + yeast extract (PL + YE) - additions of 3, 2 and 1% of plasma and yeast extract, respectively. From 50 to 63 days of age, all animals received the same diet. At 28 and 49 days of age, were killed six animals of each experimental diet for evaluations of the structure and ultra structure of the duodenum and jejunum. It was observed that from 7 to 21 and from 7 to 28 days of age, no variable performance was affected (P> 0.05), but from 7 to 35 days of age, the DWG was higher (P <0.05) on the piglets fed with diet PL + YE. From 7 to 49 and from 7 to 63 days of age, it was noted (P <0.05) DWG and DFI in the animals fed with diet PL + YE compared to those fed with the diet CD. The structure and ultra structure were not affected (P> 0.05). We conclude that the combination of plasma and yeast extract promotes a superior weight gain, but does not affect the intestinal morphology of pigs from 7 to 63 days of age
Doutor

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Simon, Darren, and s3027589@student rmit edu au. "Chemistry and Morphology of Polymer Thin Films for Electro-Optical Application." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070123.122707.

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Thin polymer films and their properties have been investigated. The characteristics of crystalline polymers according to film thickness have been improved using polycaprolactone (PCL). The melting enthalpy of PCL has increased when the film thickness decreased and the peak melting temperature showed no significant changes with film thickness. Film thickness variation influenced surface roughness and crystal size. Optical microscope images showed the rougher surface of thicker films. The spinning time has shown no influence on film thickness and no significant changes to surface roughness. Thin films of block copolymers were used in the surface modification study; films studied included poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) and poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) and their surface modifications have been controlled using different methods of treatment. Films of SIS heated at different temperatures have shown different surface texture and roughness. Films treated at low temperature (45 °C) had smooth surfaces when compared with films heated at high temperature (120 °C and 160 °C). Phase separation of SIS heated at (120 °C and 160 °C) caused bulges of different sizes to cover the surface. The height and width of the bulges showed variation with film thickness and heating. Substrate interaction with SBS and SIS block copolymer films showed different surface texture when using the same type of substrate and different texture were obtained when SBS solutions were spun onto different substrates. It has been demonstrated that using different solvents in copolymer preparation caused different texture. Thermal and surface property variations with film thickness have been improved using amorphous polymers. Surface roughness of poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA and disperse red 1-poly(methyl methacrylate) DR1-PMMA, PMMA has improved using thickness variation. Glass transition temperature measurement has increased when film thickness was increased. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and surface roughness of UV15 UV - curable coating polymer has been modified using UV curing and heating methods. Tg variation was observed when curing time and curing intensity were changed causing the optical properties of the polymer to be more variable. A plasma etcher caused wrinkles to occur on the surface of unheated UV15. Tg of UV15 increased when curing time increased. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of cured UV15 film have shown peak variations of the ester and carbon double bond regions over the range of 1850-1700 cm-1. Urethane-Urea (UU) Polymer thin films were used to investigate optical properties and develop an optical waveguide. Absorption and transmission properties of light using non-linear optical (NLO) polymer was investigated and used in optical waveguide fabrication. Refractive indices were measured to examine UU films at two different wavelengths. A UU film of 1 µm thickness caused a maximum absorption at max = 471 nm also obtained at 810 nm wavelength. Many methods of fabrication were used; photolithography, plasma etching in a barrel reactor and thin film deposition using sputtering and evaporation. Etched depths from 1 μm to 100 μm were obtained. An optical waveguide has been prepared using plasma etching of a cured UV15 as a cladding layer on a silicon substrate.

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11

Al-Othman, Abdullah Abdulrahman. "Influence of copper deficiency on liver morphology, aortic integrity, plasma lipoprotein and hepatic lipid profiles, and hepatic fatty acid synthesis in vivo." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185745.

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Three studies were designed to investigate the influence of dietary copper (Cu) on liver morphology, aortic integrity, lipid composition of lipoproteins, fatty acid profile of hepatic lipids, as well as in vivo hepatic fatty acid synthesis. Animals were randomly assigned to two dietary Cu treatments (deficient and adequate). Reductions in body weight, liver Cu content, and hematocrit, as well as elevations in liver weight and plasma volume were observed in animals fed Cu-deficient diet. Electron micrographs suggest that the Cu-deficient liver parenchymal cells contain a higher number of mitochondria, a more extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increased quantity of chromatin in nucleus. Female hamsters fed the low Cu diet demonstrated a disruption and folding of collagen fibrils in the aorta. The percentage of total plasma cholesterol carried by LDL was increased from 20 to 24% but was reduced from 71 to 68% for HDL as a result of Cu deficiency. In LDL the percent composition of triglycerides and phospholipids were increased by 25% but that of cholesterol was reduced by 13%. With exception of smaller increases in VLDL protein (52%) and phospholipid (60%) pool size, as well as the more than 3-fold increases in LDL triglyceride and phospholipid plasma pool size, the plasma pool size for the rest of the lipoprotein components were increased about 2-fold in Cu-deficient hamsters. Furthermore, Cu deficiency altered the fatty acid composition of hepatic triglycerides, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. The percent composition of palmitoleic (16:1 n-7) was reduced and arachidonic acid was elevated for all lipids in hamsters fed Cu-deficient diet. The percentage of stearic acid (18:0) was increased, and that of oleic (18:1 n-9) acid was decreased in the hepatic phospholipids and triglycerides of Cu-deficient animals. In study III, incorporation of [1-¹⁴C]acetate into fatty acids was used to determine the capacity of hepatic tissue to synthesize fatty acids. As a result of Cu deficiency, a 2.1-fold increase in hepatic total fatty acid synthesis was demonstrated.

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Usov, Denys. "Switching of surface composition and morphology of binary polymer brushes." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1085656171515-51343.

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Switching of surface composition and morphology of binary polymer brushes in response to changes in solvent selectivity, heating above glass transition temperatures, and contact with a rubbery stamp was studied. The binary brushes: polystyrene/poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PS/P2VP), poly(styrene-co-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene)/poly(methyl (meth)acrylate) (PSF/P(M)MA), and PS/PMMA were synthesized via two-step surface-initiated radical polymerization. Wetting experiments show that switching of brushes? surface composition upon exposure to solvents of various thermodynamic quality occurs faster than in 6 s. It takes longer time (5-10 min), if rate of solvent diffusion into the brush film is low. Discontinuous switching of surface composition of binary brushes is found upon exposure to binary solvents with gradually changed selectivity. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) shows quantitatively that the top brush layer (1) is dominated by respective favourite polymers after exposure to solvents of opposite selectivity and (2) comprises both brush constituents in almost symmetric ratio after exposure to non-selective solvents. Morphologies of binary brushes obtained after exposure to the solvents were studied with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Local top layer composition was sensed with X-ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy (XPEEM). The morphologies are relevant to the particular solvents, reproducible, and independent on previous solvents. Phase segregation beneath the brush top layers was visualized with plasma etching. Qualitative agreement of the experimentally observed morphologies and predicted with self-consistent field theory is found. Enrichment of a binary brush top layer with the polymer providing lower surface energy takes place after annealing. Perpendicular segregation of binary brush constituents was sensed with XPEEM on perpendicular walls of imprinted elevations after wet microcontact printing.

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Usov, Denys. "Switching of surface composition and morphology of binary polymer brushes." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24340.

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Switching of surface composition and morphology of binary polymer brushes in response to changes in solvent selectivity, heating above glass transition temperatures, and contact with a rubbery stamp was studied. The binary brushes: polystyrene/poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PS/P2VP), poly(styrene-co-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene)/poly(methyl (meth)acrylate) (PSF/P(M)MA), and PS/PMMA were synthesized via two-step surface-initiated radical polymerization. Wetting experiments show that switching of brushes? surface composition upon exposure to solvents of various thermodynamic quality occurs faster than in 6 s. It takes longer time (5-10 min), if rate of solvent diffusion into the brush film is low. Discontinuous switching of surface composition of binary brushes is found upon exposure to binary solvents with gradually changed selectivity. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) shows quantitatively that the top brush layer (1) is dominated by respective favourite polymers after exposure to solvents of opposite selectivity and (2) comprises both brush constituents in almost symmetric ratio after exposure to non-selective solvents. Morphologies of binary brushes obtained after exposure to the solvents were studied with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Local top layer composition was sensed with X-ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy (XPEEM). The morphologies are relevant to the particular solvents, reproducible, and independent on previous solvents. Phase segregation beneath the brush top layers was visualized with plasma etching. Qualitative agreement of the experimentally observed morphologies and predicted with self-consistent field theory is found. Enrichment of a binary brush top layer with the polymer providing lower surface energy takes place after annealing. Perpendicular segregation of binary brush constituents was sensed with XPEEM on perpendicular walls of imprinted elevations after wet microcontact printing.

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PINEDO, CARLOS E. "Estudo morfologico e cinetico da nitretacao por plasma pulsado do aco inoxidavel martensitico AISI 420." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10826.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Furquim, Sheila Aparecida Correia. ""Interações entre modelado e solo no transecto Espraiado, São Pedro, SP"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-01082005-105035/.

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O objetivo da presente pesquisa consiste em identificar feições macro e micromorfológicas (em escala de campo e do microscópio óptico, respectivamente) e evidências analíticas (parâmetros físicos e químicos) que indiquem possíveis mecanismos de translocações, perdas e acumulações de matéria no interior da cobertura pedológica, possivelmente responsáveis pela modificação do modelado em um transecto localizado na região de São Pedro (SP). O transecto estudado, denominado Espraiado, subdivide-se em 5 segmentos: segmento superior, segmento médio e segmentos inferiores a, b e c. O segmento superior apresenta baixas declividades e presença do Neossolo Quarzarênico, solo espesso e arenoso caracterizado pela sequência vertical de horizontes A, AE, E com bandas e C-1. O segmento médio apresenta declividades comparativamente médias e presença dos Argissolos Amarelo e Acinzentado, caracterizados pela espessura menor que a do Neossolo Quartzarênico e pela sequência de horizontes A, AE, E com bandas, Bt, C-2 e C-3. Os segmentos inferiores possuem as maiores declividades e solos com a maior presença de argila e a menor espessura do transecto: Cambissolo Háplico, com sequência de horizontes A, ABi, Bi, C-2 e C-3; e Neossolo Litólico, com sequência de horizontes A, C-2 e C-3. As feições identificadas, principalmente macro e micromorfológicas, indicam a ocorrência de processos químicos e mecânicos no interior da cobertura pedológica, desencadeados principalmente pela circulação da água no interior dos solos e responsáveis pela redistribuição e/ou remoção de material em todo o transecto. No Neossolo Quartzarênico, onde há provavelmente maior infiltração de água e dominância do fluxo interno vertical, foi encontrada maior presença das seguintes feições: bandas e interbandas, interpretadas como evidências de-iluviação de plasma; golfos nas partículas de quartzo, interpretados como evidências de dissolução de sílica; e feições relacionadas ao fenômeno de plasma infusion, o qual provoca a desintegração das partículas de areia em partículas menores. Nos Argissolos (Amarelo e Acinzentado) e no Cambissolo Háplico, onde há menor infiltração de água e provavelmente maior presença de fluxo interno lateral, estas feições aparecem em menor quantidade, mas dominam outras, tais como: bandas e interbandas, provavelmente associadas à perda de de plasma do horizonte subjacente; oríficos e concavidades superficiais provavelmente associados ao processo de piping, mosqueamentos que indicam processos de hidromorfia e, portanto, maior mobilidade do ferro reduzido, e feições relacionadas à mobilização de plasma e esqueleto nos macroporos. As únicas feições encontradas que indicam a deposição ou precipitação de elementos no sistema foram as bandas do Neossolo Quartzarênico (as quais indicam simultaneamente perda de matéria), e as denominadas superfícies duplas das partículas de quartzo. Desta forma, parece que a cobertura pedológica do transecto Espraiado caracteriza-se principalmente pela perda generalizada de matéria, provavelmente associada a uma perda de volume dos solos e a um rebaixamento do modelado local, assim como descrito em outras áreas tropicais. Assim, os resultados apresentados estão em desacordo com a idéia de oposição entre os processos pedogenéticos e morfogenéticos, comumente presente na visão tradicional das relações solo-relevo, uma vez que os processos deduzidos são possivelmente responsáveis não apenas por mudanças de características morfológicas da cobertura pedológica, mas também por mudanças no modelado. Além disto, a presença destes processos na área estudada parece estar de acordo com os princípios da teoria de etchplanação.
The objective of this research is to identify macro and micromorphological features (field and and optical microscopic scale, respectively) and analitycal evidences (physical and chemical parameters), indicative of translocations, losses and acumulations mechanisms inside the soils, that probably leads to changes in the form of a transect, localized in São Pedro region, São Paulo State, Brazil. The studied transect, called Espraiado, is divided into five segments: superior segment, medium segment and a, b and c inferior segments. The superior segment presents low slope angles and presence of quartz sand, that is a deep soil characterized of the vertical sequence of A, AE, E (with bands) and C-1 horizons. The medium segment has moderate slope angles and the presence of podzolic soils, that are shallower than quartz sand soil and follow vertical sequence of horizons: A, AE, E (with bands), Bt, C-2 and C-3. The inferior segments have the highest slope angles and soils with the highest clay content and the lowest thickness of the transect: cambic soil, that has vertical sequence of A, ABi, Bi, C-2 and C-3 horizons; or A, C-2 and C-3 horizons. The identified macro and micromorphological features suggest the occurrence of chemical and mechanical processes inside the pedological cover, mainly triggered for water circulation in soils. These processes are probably responsible for material translocation and/or remotion in the whole transect. In quartz sand soil, where there are probably high water infiltration rates and dominant internal vertical flux, there are the great amounts of the follow features: bands/interband, interpreted as plasma e-illuviation evidences, embayed quartz particles, interpreted as silica dissolution evidences, and plasma infusion, a phenomenon that leads to the desintegration of sand-sized particles and the formation of silt-sized particles. In podzolic and cambic soils ,where there are probably lower water infiltration rates soils and dominant internal lateral flux, there are fewer of these features and dominance of others, like bands/interbands probably related to plasma losses; holes and concavities probably related to piping processes, motlles suggesting hydromorfic processes that induce the mobility of reduced Fe, and features associated to plasma and skeleton mobility in macropores. Only two features suggest deposition or precipitation of elements in the soil system: bands, mainly in quartz sand soil, and the double surfaces of the quartz particles. It seems that pedological cover of the Espraiado transect is mainly characterized by general losses that lead to soil volume loss and landsurface lowering, as described in other tropical areas. Therefore, the presented results disagree with the opposition idea of pedogenetic and morphogenetic processes, presented in traditional views of soil-landforms relationships, since the deduced processes in this research are probably responsible for both soil and landform changes. Furthermore, the presence of the identified chemical processes in Espraiado transect appear to conform to concepts of etchplanation.

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Chambonneau, Maxime. "Etudes multi-longueurs d’onde de l’endommagement laser à la surface de composants optiques en silice en régime nanoseconde." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4350/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'endommagement laser à la surface de composants optiques en silice amorphe en régime nanoseconde. Ce phénomène est une modification irréversible du matériau. Dans le régime nanoseconde, l'endommagement laser de la silice est étroitement corrélé à la présence de défauts précurseurs qui sont une conséquence de la synthèse et du polissage des composants. Cette thèse propose des investigations sur l'endommagement laser par plusieurs longueurs d'onde simultanément. Afin de mieux appréhender ce phénomène dans ces conditions d'irradiation, trois études sont conduites. La première porte sur la phase d'amorçage des dommages. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus dans les cas mono-longueur d'onde permettent de mettre en avant un couplage dans le cas multi-longueurs d'onde. Une comparaison de ces résultats avec un modèle théorique développé au cours de cette thèse permet d'améliorer la compréhension des processus fondamentaux liés à cette phase d'endommagement. Puis, des caractérisations morphologiques post mortem couplées à une métrologie précise des faisceaux laser permettent d'établir la nature ainsi que la chronologie des mécanismes conduisant à la formation des dommages. Le scénario théorique proposé est validé à travers différentes expériences. En dernier lieu, nous étudions la phase de croissance des dommages dans les cas mono et multi-longueurs d'onde. Une fois de plus, cette dernière configuration met en lumière un couplage entre les longueurs d'onde. Nous montrons la nécessité de prendre en compte les caractéristiques spatiales des faisceaux laser lors d'une session de croissance des dommages
In this thesis, laser-induced damage phenomenon on the surface of fused silica components is investigated in the nanosecond regime. This phenomenon consists in an irreversible modification of the material. In the nanosecond regime, laser damage is tightly correlated to the presence of non-detectable precursor defects which are a consequence of the synthesis and the polishing of the components. In this thesis, we investigate laser damage in a multiple wavelengths configuration. In order to better understand this phenomenon in these conditions of irradiation, three studies are conducted. The first one focuses on damage initiation. The results obtained in the single wavelength configurations highlight a coupling in the multiple wavelengths one. A comparison between the experiments and a model developed during this thesis enables us to improve the knowledge of the fundamental processes involved during this damage phase. Then, we show that post mortem characterizations of damage morphology coupled to an accurate metrology allow us to understand both the nature and also the chronology of the physical mechanisms involved during damage formation. The proposed theoretical scenario is confirmed through various experiments. Finally, we study damage growth in both the single and the multiple wavelengths cases. Once again, this last configuration highlights a coupling between the wavelengths. We show the necessity to account for the spatial characteristics of the laser beams during a growth session

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Dörr, Oliver Sebastian [Verfasser], Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Mibus-Schoppe, Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Büchel, Claudia [Gutachter] Büchel, and Heiko [Gutachter] Mibus-Schoppe. "Influence of artificial sunlight from a microwave plasma lamp on morphology and secondary metabolism of horticultural plants / Oliver Sebastian Dörr ; Gutachter: Claudia Büchel, Heiko Mibus-Schoppe ; Heiko Mibus-Schoppe, Claudia Büchel." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216173842/34.

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Eksaeva, Alina [Verfasser], Bernhard [Gutachter] Unterberg, and Tsanko [Gutachter] Tsankov. "Effect of surface morphology on erosion of metallic plasma-facing materials modelled with the 3D Monte-Carlo code ERO / Alina Eksaeva ; Gutachter: Bernhard Unterberg, Tsanko Tsankov ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217859586/34.

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Dörr, Oliver Sebastian [Verfasser], Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Mibus-Schoppe, Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Büchel, Heiko [Gutachter] Mibus-Schoppe, and Claudia [Gutachter] Büchel. "Influence of artificial sunlight from a microwave plasma lamp on morphology and secondary metabolism of horticultural plants / Oliver Sebastian Dörr ; Gutachter: Heiko Mibus-Schoppe, Claudia Büchel ; Heiko Mibus-Schoppe, Claudia Büchel." Geisenheim : Hochschule Geisenheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1229840761/34.

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20

Bharadwaja, Saketh. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Si binding and diffusion on the native and thermal Silicon Oxide surfaces." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333738718.

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21

Dubois, Diane. "Réalisation et caractérisation d'un réacteur plasma de laboratoire pour des études sur la dépollution des gaz d"échappement." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30139.

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Cette thèse concerne l’étude expérimentale des décharges couronne positives à la pression atmosphérique générées dans un réacteur de laboratoire de type pointe – plan alimenté en régime de tension continue et pulsée. La nature et les caractéristiques de la décharge couronne, notamment dans son régime de « breakdown streamer », sont étudiées en fonction du régime et de l’amplitude de l’alimentation de tension, du rayon de courbure de la pointe, de la distance inter – électrodes ou encore de la composition du mélange gazeux en faisant varier les proportions de N2, de O2 et de CO2. La dynamique et la morphologie des ondes d’ionisation sont finement étudiées à l’aide de diagnostics d’imagerie rapide (ICCD Streak caméras) et de mesures instantanées de courant et de tension (oscilloscope rapide) sur des échelles de temps de quelques centaines de nanosecondes. Les dimensions du réacteur ont été adaptées à la capacité des modèles à le simuler et les premiers résultats de comparaison des courbes instantanées de courant issues des modèles et de l’expérience sont présentés dans le but ultérieure d’estimer la nature et la densité des radicaux formés durant la phase de décharge d’un réacteur de dépollution par décharge couronne
The present thesis is devoted to the experimental study of atmospheric positive corona discharges generated in a point to plane corona reactor under DC or pulsed high voltage conditions. The corona discharge characteristics, in particular during “breakdown streamer” mode, are studied according to the high voltage supply conditions (DC or pulsed), the point radius curvature, the gap distance or the gas mixture following the variation of the N2, O2 and CO2 concentration. The dynamics and the morphology of the streamers are also studied using fast imaging (ICCD and Streak cameras) and electrical (oscilloscope) diagnostics on time scale lower than hundred of nanosecond. As the corona discharge reactor dimensions are well adapted, some preliminary results show the comparison between experimental and simulated results which allow us in the future to estimate the localization, the density and the nature of the radical species created during the discharge phase of a corona reactor devoted to air pollution control

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Hasegawa, Keisuke 1977. "The effect of geometry and surface morphology on the optical properties of metal-dielectric systems." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8581.

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xiii, 133 p. ; ill. (some col.) A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
We analyze the effect of geometry and surface morphology on the optical properties of metal-dielectric systems. Using both analytical and numerical modeling, we study how surface curvature affects the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) along a metal-dielectric interface. We provide an intuitive explanation for how the curvature causes the phase front to distort, causing the SPPs to radiate their energy away from the metal-dielectric interface. We quantify the propagation efficiency as functions of the radius of curvature, and show that it depends nonmonotonically on the bend radius. We also show how the surface morphology influences the transmittance and the reflectance of light from disordered metal-dielectric nanocomposite films. The films consist of semicontinuous silver films of various surface coverage that are chemically deposited onto glass substrates. They exhibit a large and broadband reflection asymmetry in the visible spectral range. In order to investigate how the surface morphology affects the asymmetry, we anneal the samples at various temperatures to induce changes in the morphology, and observe changes in the reflection spectra. Our study indicates that the surface roughness and the metal surface coverage are the key geometric parameters affecting the reflection spectra, and reveals that the large asymmetry is due to the different surface roughness light encounters when incident from different side of the film. Additionally, we analyze how thin metal and dielectric layers affect the optical properties of metal-dielectric systems. Using the concept of dispersion engineering, we show that a metal-dielectric-metal microsphere--a metal sphere coated with a thin dielectric shell, followed by a metal shell--support a band of surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) with nearly identical frequencies. A large number of modes belonging to this band can be excited simultaneously by a plane wave, and hence enhancing the absorption cross-section. We also find that the enhanced absorption is accompanied by a plasmon assisted transparency due to an avoided crossing of dominant SPR bands. We demonstrate numerically that both the enhanced absorption and the plasmon assisted transparency are tunable over the entire visible range. We also present an experimental study of light scattering from silica spheres coated with thin semicontinuous silver shells, and attempt to describe their optical response using a modified scaling theory. This dissertation includes previously published co-authored materials.
Adviser: Miriam Deutsch

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Escaich, David. "Caractérisation et élaboration de couches de carbones amorphes hydrogènes à propriétés optiques par procédés plasmas." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30074.

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Payan, Alexia Paule Marie-Renee. "Uncovering local magnetospheric processes governing the morphology and periodicity of Ganymede’s aurora using three-dimensional multifluid simulations of Ganymede’s magnetosphere." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51756.

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The electrodynamic interaction of Ganymede’s mini-magnetosphere with Jupiter’s corotating magnetospheric plasma has been shown to give rise to strong current systems closing through the moon and its ionosphere as well as through its magnetopause and magnetotail current sheet. This interaction is strongly evidenced by the presence of aurorae at Ganymede and of a bright Ganymede footprint on Jupiter’s ionosphere. This footprint is located equatorward of the main auroral emissions, at the magnetic longitude of the field line threading Ganymede. The brightness of Ganymede’s auroral footprint at Jupiter along with its latitudinal position have been shown to depend on the position of Ganymede relative to the center of the Jovian plasma sheet. Additionally, observations using the Hubble Space Telescope showed that Ganymede’s auroral footprint brightness is characterized by variations of three different timescales: 5 hours, 10-40 minutes, and ~100 seconds. The goal of the present study is to examine the relationship between the longest and the shortest timescale periodicities of Ganymede’s auroral footprint brightness and the local processes occurring at Ganymede. This is done by coupling a specifically developed brightness model to a three-dimensional multifluid model which tracks the energies and fluxes of the various sources of charged particles that precipitate into Ganymede’s ionosphere to generate the aurora. It is shown that the predicted auroral brightnesses and morphologies agree well with observations of Ganymede’s aurora from the Hubble Space Telescope. Our results also suggest the presence of short- and long-period variabilities in the auroral emissions at Ganymede due to magnetic reconnections on the magnetopause and in the magnetotail, and support the hypothesis of a correlation between the variability of Ganymede’s auroral footprint on Jupiter’s ionosphere and the variability in the brightness and morphology of the aurora at Ganymede. Finally, the modeled aurora at Ganymede reveals that the periodicities in the morphology and brightness of the auroral emissions are produced by two different dynamic reconnection mechanisms. The Jovian flow facing side aurora is generated by electrons sourced in the Jovian plasma and penetrating into Ganymede’s ionosphere through the cusps above the separatrix region. In this case, the reconnection processes responsible for the auroral emissions occur on Ganymede’s magnetopause between the Jovian magnetic field lines and the open magnetic field lines threading Ganymede’s Polar Regions. As for the magnetotail side aurora, it is generated by electrons originating from Ganymede’s magnetospheric flow. These electrons are accelerated along closed magnetic field lines created by magnetic reconnection in Ganymede’s magnetotail, and precipitate into Ganymede’s ionosphere at much lower latitudes, below the separatrix region.

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Steigleder, Ana Paula. "Estudo morfológico da planta Salvinia Molesta : uma contribuição para a biônica e o design de produto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28839.

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A análise biônica é uma ferramenta versátil que apresenta grande potencial tecnológico tanto em aplicações industriais como bens de consumo, pois através dela, o designer, pesquisa e busca na biologia indicações e orientações de elementos e mecanismos funcionais e formais que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de produtos. Assim, produtos que necessitem de conforto térmico, impermeabilização de paredes, lajes, telhas e produtos afins ou mesmo problemas como a retirada de resíduos do fundo de embalagens têm na análise biônica soluções inteligentes e otimizadas pela natureza. Desta forma, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar a morfologia da planta aquática Salvinia Molesta no intuito de investigar a capacidade de repelência da água na superfície da folha, para posteriormente reproduzir suas propriedades visando o desenvolvimento de produtos que necessitem de superfícies impermeáveis. Para esta análise foram realizados distintos métodos de caracterização: microscopia via microscópio estereoscópico, microscopia eletrônica de varredura - MEV, medida do ângulo de contato, medida da histerese do ângulo de contato e análise por dispersão de energia - EDS. Após a compilação destas informações foi desenvolvida uma simulação computacional 3D a qual serviu tanto para a demonstração quanto para uma melhor compreensão do mecanismo de funcionamento da capacidade de repelência de água da planta Salvinia Molesta. A caracterização por microscopia eletrônica de varredura apresentou a estrutura do tricoma onde por sua vez, identificou os locais onde havia presença e ausência de ceras nos tricomas da planta. A medida do ângulo de contato da superfície da folha é um dado de importante, pois define a capacidade de absorção de água na superfície da planta. Os resultados de caracterização indicaram a hidrofobicidade da Salvinia Molesta que até o momento não havia sido mencionado pela literatura. Esta pesquisa foi ainda precedida de uma metodologia biônica que conduziu em uma pesquisa sistemática onde avaliou a necessidade, os potenciais e as limitações da planta Salvinia Molesta podendo ser esta metodologia aplicada no estudo biônico de plantas em geral.
The bionic analysis is a versatile tool that shows great technological potential either in industrial applications as well as in consumption goods because by its usage the designer researches and seeks in Biology indications and orientations of elements, and functional and formal mechanisms that enable the development of products. Thus, products that need thermal comfort, proofing of walls, slab stones, tiles, and similar products or even problems with the removal of residues from the bottom of packages have got in bionic analysis intelligent solutions optimized by nature. This research aims to analyze the morphology of the aquatic plant Salvinia Molesta with the purpose to investigate the capacity of water repellence on the surface of the leave in order to later reproduce its properties aiming at the development of products that necessitate impermeable surfaces. For this analysis there has been carried out distinct characterization methods, such as: stereoscopical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy - SEM, measurement of the contact angle, measurement of the hysteresis of the angle, and analysis by energy dispersion system - EDS. After the compilation of these data a 3D computer simulation was developed which served as a demonstration as well as a better comprehension of the mechanism on the way the water repellence capacity of Salvinia Molesta works. The characterization by scanning electron microscopy showed the structure of the hair where it identified the places where there were the presence and absence of waxes on the plant’s hairs. The measurement of the contact angle of the leave surface is an important data because it defines the capacity of water absorption on the surface of the plant. The characterization results indicate Salvinia Molesta’s hydrophobicity which had not been mentioned in the literature up to now. This research was also preceded by a bionic methodology which conducted in a systematic research where Salvinia Molesta’s necessity, potentials, and limitations were evaluated, enabling this methodology to be applied in the bionic study of plants in general.

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Carloto, Bruno Wolffenbüttel. "ALTERAÇÕES FENOTÍPICAS DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE Eragrostis Wolf. (POACEAE) SOB DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE UMIDADE DO SOLO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4907.

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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
The species Eragrostis pilosa and Eragrostis plana has been found in lowland environment promoting interference by competing with the rice (Oryza sativa). Eragrostis are exotic plants to the floodplain environment and usually develops in deep soils and well drained as the highlands. The characterization of the species and the study of their biology in different environments is needed to understand the process of adaptation of these species in these poorly drained environments in order to develop an efficient management of these. In this sense the present study at Masters level, aims to assess the phenotypic behavior and the anatomical and morphological alterations of these plants when subjected to three soil moisture conditions (50% soil water capacity, 100% soil water capacity and Flooding). The study was conducted in 2014/2015 season in greenhouse using seeds of Eragrostis pilosa and Eragrostis plana access derived from rice producing areas of Itaqui/ Rio Grande do Sul Brazil.The results showed that each species showed different responses to treatments which have been submitted. For E. plana there was a reduction in tillering, less formation of panicles and reduction of aerenchymas of the plants when exposed to flooding. As for the plants E. pilosa, the responses to treatment flooding were observed with reduced tillering, with consequent reduction in the formation of panicles per plant, changes in the development of the flag leaf, reduction in dry weight root, and shoot and increasing the vegetative cycle of plants. The two species showed formation aerenchyma the roots and stems and adventitious roots on the soil surface when subjected to treatments of 100% of soil water capacity and flooding, in response to hypoxic stress. For chlorophyll parameters, the responses were similar in both species, by reducing the amount of chlorophyll, reflecting the low electron transport capability. The flooding affect the development of plants evaluated, which infers that the management of the rice crop water plays an important role in the management of invasive plants.
As espécies Eragrostis pilosa e Eragrostis plana tem sido encontradas em ambientes de terras baixas promovendo interferência por competição com a cultura do arroz (Oryza sativa). Eragrostis são plantas exóticas ao ambiente várzea e, normalmente, se desenvolvem em solos profundos e bem drenados como as terras altas. A caracterização das espécies e o estudo da sua biologia em diferentes ambientes é necessário para entender o processo de adaptação destas espécies nestes ambientes mal drenados como forma de desenvolver um manejo eficiente destas. Neste sentido o presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o comportamento do crescimento e desenvolvimento destas plantas quando submetidas a três condições de umidade do solo, uma simulando ambiente natural dessas plantas com umidade reduzida de 50% da capacidade de retenção de água do solo (CRA) e outros dois tratamentos simulando ambiente de terras baixas com maior umidade do solo, um com 100% da CRA, simulando ambientes mal drenados de várzea, e outro com lâmina de água de 10 cm simulando a lavoura de arroz irrigado. Foram analisadas as alterações morfológicas-anatomicas dos acessos através com medições de parâmetros morfológicos, alterações anatômicas com a quantificação da formação de mecanismos adaptativos ao meio hipóxico, ainda foram quantificados os pigmentos fotossintéticos e realizada a avaliação da capacidade de transporte de elétrons pela cadeia transportadora da fotossíntese. O estudo foi desenvolvido no ano de 2014/2015 em ambiente controlado de casa de vegetação, utilizando-se sementes de acessos de Eragrostis pilosa e Eragrostis plana oriundos de áreas de produção de arroz de Itaqui/RS. Os resultados permitem concluir que cada espécie apresentou respostas diferentes para os tratamentos os quais foram submetidas. Para E. plana houve a redução no perfilhamento, menor formação de panículas e redução do volume da parte aérea das plantas quando submetidas a lâmina de água. Já para as plantas de E. pilosa, as respostas ao tratamento de lâmina de água foram evidenciadas com a redução do perfilhamento, com consequente redução na formação de panículas por planta, alterações no desenvolvimento da folha bandeira, na redução de massa seca de raiz e parte aérea e no aumento do ciclo vegetativo das plantas. As duas espécies estudadas apresentaram formação de aerênquimas nas raízes e colmos e raízes adventícias na superfície do solo quando submetidas aos tratamentos de 100% da CRA e lâmina de água, como resposta ao estresse hipóxico. Para os parâmetros de clorofila, as respostas foram semelhantes para as duas espécies, com a redução da quantidade de clorofila a e clorofila total, refletindo na baixa capacidade de transporte de elétrons. A lâmina de água interferiu negativamente o desenvolvimento das plantas avaliadas, o que infere que o manejo da água da lavoura de arroz cumpre importante papel no manejo das plantas invasoras.

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Chen, Lihui. "Synthesis and Plasmonic Properties of Copper-based Nanocrystals." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217134.

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Prabhakar, Tejas. "Study of Earth Abundant TCO and Absorber Materials for Photovoltaic Applications." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1382269621.

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29

Kaminski, Lucas Augusto. "Mirmecofilia em Parrahasius polibetes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) = historia natural, custos, seleção de planta hospedeira e beneficios da co-correncia com hemipteros mirmecofilos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315760.

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Orientadores: Andre Victor Lucci Freitas, Paulo Sergio Moreira Carvalho de Oliveira
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Formigas constituem um dos mais proeminentes grupos de organismos terrestres em termos de diversidade, abundância relativa e biomassa animal. Sua importância se deve principalmente ao comportamento eusocial aliado a complexos sistemas de comunicação. A vegetação de áreas tropicais é rica em fontes de alimentos renováveis que induzem a visitação freqüente de formigas às plantas. Sobre a vegetação, as formigas podem atuar como predadoras e acarretar um forte efeito sobre a comunidade de insetos herbívoros. A presença de formigas sobre plantas pode afetar insetos herbívoros basicamente de duas formas: (1) limitando sua ocorrência na folhagem através de interações antagônicas (ex. agressão, predação) ou (2) propiciando espaços livres de inimigos naturais para herbívoros mirmecófilos (que mantêm associações simbióticas com formigas). Em Lepidoptera, a mirmecofilia é amplamente difundida em apenas duas famílias de borboletas (Lycaenidae e Riodinidae). Devido a grande importância da interação com formigas para a morfologia e biologia destas borboletas, acredita-se que grande parte da história evolutiva desses organismos, incluindo eventos de diversificação seja explicada pela mirmecofilia. No entanto, a maior parte da informação sobre borboletas mirmecófilas é baseada no conhecido para espécies das faunas Paleártica, Oriental e Australiana. Enquanto que a rica fauna de borboletas mirmecófilas Neotropicais permanece praticamente desconhecida. Dentre as cerca de 1.200 espécies de Lycaenidae Neotropicais, Parrhasius polibetes (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) foi reportada recentemente co-ocorrendo espaço-temporalmente com hemípteros mirmecófilos em Schefflera vinosa (Araliaceae). Neste trabalho são descritos novos aspectos relacionados à morfologia e história natural dos estágios imaturos de P. polibetes, incluindo custos da mirmecofilia, seleção de planta hospedeira, e benefícios da co-ocorrência com hemípteros trofobiontes. O ciclo de desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto é de aproximadamente 36 dias, e o estágio larval compreende quatro instares. Os ovos são depositados exclusivamente em tecidos reprodutivos (botões florais) das plantas hospedeiras. As larvas são polífagas, sendo registradas em 28 espécies em 16 famílias de plantas. A maioria da plantas hospedeiras de P. polibetes (78.57%) apresenta algum tipo de fonte de alimento líquido que promovem a visitação por formigas, sejam nectários extraflorais e/ou hemípteros produtores de exudatos. A partir do terceiro instar, as larvas são atendidas facultativamente por mais de quinze espécies de formigas em três subfamílias (Formicinae, Myrmicinae e Ectatomminae), principalmente formigas do gênero Camponotus Mayr. Assim como em outros Lycaenidae, as interações entre larvas e formigas são mediadas principalmente por uma glândula especializada (dorsal nectar organ) no sétimo segmento abdominal que produz recompensas calóricas para as formigas. Nesse sentido, é esperado que a produção dessas secreções acarrete em custos para as larvas. Para P. polibetes, é demonstrado que as formigas Camponotus crassus e Camponotus melanoticus apresentam diferentes intensidades de atendimento. C. melanoticus atende mais intensamente as larvas que C. crassus em condições de laboratório. Por sua vez, essa diferença pode acarretar em diferentes custos para as larvas. Por exemplo, quando atendidas por C. melanoticus demoram mais tempo para empupar. No entanto, o peso pupal e o tamanho dos adultos não são afetados pela diferença de atendimento, sugerindo que P. polibetes possui mecanismos compensatórios para minimizar os custos da mirmecofilia. Esta é a primeira demonstração de que diferenças específicas de intensidade de atendimento podem afetar parâmetros de desempenho de um inseto trofobionte. Em campo, é demonstrado através de experimentos pareados que o padrão previamente detectado de co-ocorrência espacial entre larvas de P. polibetes e hemípteros mirmecófilos é provocado por dois fatores: 1) fêmeas são capazes de detectar e ovipositar em plantas com associação membracídeos-formigas; 2) larvas que se desenvolvem perto da associação membracídeos-formigas sobrevivem melhor que larvas em plantas sem associação. Tal efeito ocorre porque a presença da interação entre membracídeos e formigas reduz a abundância de potenciais inimigos naturais das larvas (aranhas e vespas parasitóides). Além disso, as larvas são mais facilmente encontradas e atendidas pelas formigas que são recrutadas pelos membracídeos. Ou seja, a presença da associação membracídeos-formigas gera um "espaço livre de inimigos" sobre a planta hospedeira, que é explorado por P. polibetes. Esses resultados mostram que o enfoque tradicional no estudo de mutualismo, baseado em pares de espécies, é inapropriado para entender as pressões seletivas operando em sistemas multitróficos
Abstract: Ants are one of the most prominent groups of terrestrial organisms in terms of diversity, relative abundance and biomass. Their importance is due primarily to eusocial behavior combined with complex communication systems. Tropical foliage is rich in renewable feeding sources that promote ant foraging. As some of the most important predators on plants, ants strongly affect the herbivorous insects. The presence of ants on foliages may affect herbivores by two ways: (1) decreasing herbivore individual numbers due to antagonistic interactions (e.g., aggressiveness, predation); (2) providing an enemy-free space for myrmecophilous herbivores (i.e. those living in close associations with ants). The symbiotic interaction between Lepidoptera and ants is widespread but only among two butterfly families (Lycaenidae and Riodinidae). Due to the great importance of myrmecophily for the morphology and biology of these butterflies, it is supposed that much of the evolutionary history of organisms, including diversification, would be explained by their interactions with ants. However, most of the knowledge about the evolutionary ecology of lycaenids is based on studies of well known Palaearctic, Oriental, and Australian species while little is known about the rich Neotropical fauna, which contains nearly 1,200 species. Larvae of Parrhasius polibetes (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) co-occur spatially and temporally with honeydew-producing hemipterans on the host plant Schefflera vinosa (Araliaceae). This study describes new aspects of morphology and natural history of immature stages of P. polibetes, including costs of myrmecophily, host plant selection, and benefits of co-occurrence with hemipteran trophobionts. The development cycle from egg to adult is approximately 36 days, and includes four larval instars. The eggs are laid exclusively on reproductive tissues (flower buds) of the host plants. The larvae are polyphagous, and have already been recorded on 28 plant species from 16 families. Most of the observed host plants of P. polibetes present some kind of liquid reward potentially used by ants (78.57%), either honeydew-producing hemipterans and/or extrafloral nectaries. From the third instar on, the larvae are facultatively tended by more than fifteen ants species in three subfamilies (Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ectatomminae), especially ants of the genus Camponotus Mayr. As in other Lycaenidae, interactions between larvae and ants are mediated by a specialized gland (dorsal nectar organ) on the seventh abdominal segment, which produces caloric liquid rewards for ants. Therefore it is expected that the production of these secretions entail costs for the larvae. For P. polibetes, it is shown that Camponotus crassus and Camponotus melanoticus ants differ in the intensity of tending levels to larvae, with C. melanoticus presenting increased tending rates compared to C. crassus. This difference can lead to different costs for the larvae. For instance when tended by C. melanoticus, larvae take longer to pupate. However, the pupal weight and size of adults are not affected by ant tending, suggesting that P. polibetes has compensatory mechanisms to minimize the costs of myrmecophily. This is the first demonstration that specific differences in ant tending may affect performance parameters in an insect trophobiont. In the field, experiments involving the manipulation of ant-treehopper associations on host plants demonstrated that the spatial co-occurrence between P. polibetes caterpillars and honeydew-producing hemipterans is caused by two factors: 1) females are able to detect ant-treehopper associations on foliage before oviposition, and lay eggs in their vicinity; 2) larvae that develop near ant-tended treehoppers survive better than larvae on plants without such association. This effect occurs because the presence of ant-treehopper associations reduces the abundance of potential natural enemies (spiders and parasitoid wasps) of the caterpillars. Moreover, the larvae are more easily found by prospective tending ants that are recruited to nearby honeydew-producing treehoppers. That is, the presence of ant-treehopper associations creates an "enemy-free space" on the host plant, which is exploited by P. polibetes. These results show that a traditional pairwise approach is obviously inappropriate to assess the selective pressures operating within such multi-species systems
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Ecologia

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Mostajeran, Goortani Behnam. "Synthèse et évaluation de la taille et de la morphologie des nanoparticules de SIO[indice inférieur 2] dans un réacteur plasma RF à couplage inductive." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1790.

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The synthesis of SiO[indice inférieur 2] nanoparticles in radio frequency (RF) plasma reactors is studied.The effect of feed rate, quench gas injection and reactor configuration, on the final size distribution and morphology of the prepared nanoparticles, are investigated.The laser scattering is used as a technique complementary to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the nitrogen absorption (BET) techniques, to determine the morphology, size and aggregation level of the resulting nanopowders. It is demonstrated that the quench gas configuration and reactor geometry can now be designed to control the morphology and size of the nanoparticles in these reactors. Depending on the preparation conditions and the reactor configuration chosen, various nanostructured products have been synthesised: i.e. highly aggregated nanostructured, partially sintered nanospheres and spherical nanoparticles with very low levels of aggregation. These nanostructures have their primary particles sized between 10 and 200 nm, while the aggregates sizes can lie in the range of between hundreds of nanometer to several micrometers. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling, using Fluent 6.2.16, and the fine particle model (FPM) are further employed to better understand the time-temperature history of the generated particles.The results are utilised to describe the effects of the above mentioned parameters on the formation (nucleation and growth) of the nanoparticles and clusters by various mechanisms. By combining the experimental measurements with the numerical results, the critical parameters that should be considered for a large scale production process are identified as: establishing the proper quench gas configuration, the extension of high temperature regions and the reduction of fluid circulations within the reactor.

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Rodrigues, Ligia Maria da Silva [UNESP]. "Insetos predadores de sementes e suas relações com a qualidade e a morfologia de frutos e sementes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104014.

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Este estudo teve como objetivos conhecer a comunidade de insetos consumidores de sementes na fase de pré-dispersão e suas plantas hospedeiras em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual, quantificar os níveis de danos causados por estes insetos, e também verificar se caracteres qualitativos (compostos fenólicos, proteína total e dureza das sementes) e morfológicos (forma e biomassa) das sementes interferem no tamanho corporal das principais ordens de insetos encontradas predando as sementes e nas taxas de emergência destes insetos. Em áreas da Fazenda Experimental Edgárdia, foram selecionadas 89 plantas de 30 espécies, pertencentes a seis famílias. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de frutos e acompanhamento da fenologia reprodutiva por dois anos. Após as coletas os frutos foram armazenados para aguardar a emergência dos insetos e após emergência, os insetos, frutos e sementes foram medidos. As sementes também foram testadas para determinar sua dureza e foram analisadas quanto à biomassa, teor de água, nitrogênio total e compostos fenólicos totais. Houve emergência de insetos provenientes de três ordens, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera e Hymenoptera em 21 espécies de plantas. Coleoptera foi a que apresentou maior número de indivíduos emergindo dos frutos, seguida por Hymenoptera e por último Lepidoptera. Nos coleópteros foram observadas cinco famílias predando as sementes, Anobiidae, Anthribidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae e Chrysomelidae. A subfamília Bruchinae (Chrysomelidae) foi a que teve o maior número de insetos emergindo dos frutos de 14 espécies de plantas, com o total de sete gêneros identificados. Hymenaea courbaril foi a espécie mais intensamente predada (53,99%) e o maior consumo se deu por insetos da ordem Lepidoptera (35,14%). Já a espécie Luehea divaricata apresentou a menor taxa de predação (0,07%). A qualidade das sementes exerceu influência significativa apenas no que diz...
This study aimed to identify the insect community of pre-dispersal seed consumers and their host plants in semi-deciduous forest areas, quantify the levels of damage caused by these insects in their seeds, exam whether qualitative characters (phenolic compounds, total protein and hardness of seeds) and morphological characters (form and biomass) of seeds interfere with body size and rates of emergency of the main insect pre-dispersal seed predators orders feeding on these seeds. 89 plants of 30 species belonging to six families were selected in five areas at the Experimental Farm Edgárdia. Fruit collections and reproductive phenology monitoring were made every month during two years. After collection, fruits were stored to await the emergence of insects and after emergence, the insects, fruits and seeds were measured. Then the hardness, biomass and water content, total nitrogen and total phenolics were estimated in seeds. Insects emerged from 21 plant species and from three orders: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Coleoptera showed the highest number of individuals emerging from fruits, followed by Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, respectively. Coleoptera showed five families preying on seeds, Anobiidae, Anthribidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae. The subfamily Bruchinae (Chrysomelidae) was the one with the greatest number of insects emerging from the fruits of 14 plant species, with a total of seven genera identified. Hymenaea courbaril was the most heavily predated plant (53.99%) and the highest consumption occurred by insects of the order Lepidoptera (35.14%); on the other hand Luehea divaricata showed the lowest predation rate (0.07%). Seed quality had significant effect only in relation to body size of beetles and butterflies, since larger insects were observed in tougher seeds. For the morphological data and biomass of seeds was observed that the species with higher biomass ...

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Rodrigues, Ligia Maria da Silva. "Insetos predadores de sementes e suas relações com a qualidade e a morfologia de frutos e sementes /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104014.

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Orientador: Marcelo Nogueira Rossi
Banca: Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Banca: Renata Cristina Batista Fonseca
Banca: Edson Luiz lopes Baldin
Banca: Claudio José Von Rossi
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivos conhecer a comunidade de insetos consumidores de sementes na fase de pré-dispersão e suas plantas hospedeiras em áreas de floresta estacional semidecidual, quantificar os níveis de danos causados por estes insetos, e também verificar se caracteres qualitativos (compostos fenólicos, proteína total e dureza das sementes) e morfológicos (forma e biomassa) das sementes interferem no tamanho corporal das principais ordens de insetos encontradas predando as sementes e nas taxas de emergência destes insetos. Em áreas da Fazenda Experimental Edgárdia, foram selecionadas 89 plantas de 30 espécies, pertencentes a seis famílias. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de frutos e acompanhamento da fenologia reprodutiva por dois anos. Após as coletas os frutos foram armazenados para aguardar a emergência dos insetos e após emergência, os insetos, frutos e sementes foram medidos. As sementes também foram testadas para determinar sua dureza e foram analisadas quanto à biomassa, teor de água, nitrogênio total e compostos fenólicos totais. Houve emergência de insetos provenientes de três ordens, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera e Hymenoptera em 21 espécies de plantas. Coleoptera foi a que apresentou maior número de indivíduos emergindo dos frutos, seguida por Hymenoptera e por último Lepidoptera. Nos coleópteros foram observadas cinco famílias predando as sementes, Anobiidae, Anthribidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae e Chrysomelidae. A subfamília Bruchinae (Chrysomelidae) foi a que teve o maior número de insetos emergindo dos frutos de 14 espécies de plantas, com o total de sete gêneros identificados. Hymenaea courbaril foi a espécie mais intensamente predada (53,99%) e o maior consumo se deu por insetos da ordem Lepidoptera (35,14%). Já a espécie Luehea divaricata apresentou a menor taxa de predação (0,07%). A qualidade das sementes exerceu influência significativa apenas no que diz ...
Abstract: This study aimed to identify the insect community of pre-dispersal seed consumers and their host plants in semi-deciduous forest areas, quantify the levels of damage caused by these insects in their seeds, exam whether qualitative characters (phenolic compounds, total protein and hardness of seeds) and morphological characters (form and biomass) of seeds interfere with body size and rates of emergency of the main insect pre-dispersal seed predators orders feeding on these seeds. 89 plants of 30 species belonging to six families were selected in five areas at the Experimental Farm Edgárdia. Fruit collections and reproductive phenology monitoring were made every month during two years. After collection, fruits were stored to await the emergence of insects and after emergence, the insects, fruits and seeds were measured. Then the hardness, biomass and water content, total nitrogen and total phenolics were estimated in seeds. Insects emerged from 21 plant species and from three orders: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Coleoptera showed the highest number of individuals emerging from fruits, followed by Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, respectively. Coleoptera showed five families preying on seeds, Anobiidae, Anthribidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae. The subfamily Bruchinae (Chrysomelidae) was the one with the greatest number of insects emerging from the fruits of 14 plant species, with a total of seven genera identified. Hymenaea courbaril was the most heavily predated plant (53.99%) and the highest consumption occurred by insects of the order Lepidoptera (35.14%); on the other hand Luehea divaricata showed the lowest predation rate (0.07%). Seed quality had significant effect only in relation to body size of beetles and butterflies, since larger insects were observed in tougher seeds. For the morphological data and biomass of seeds was observed that the species with higher biomass ...
Doutor

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Vennekamp, Martin. "Elektrochemie mit Gasplasmen zur Kinetik der anodischen Oxidation von Silber in Chlorgas-Plasmen und zur Morphologie der Produktschichten /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964844737.

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Perotti, Adriano Antônio. "Morfologia da planta, inflorescência, fruto, semente e plântula de nandina domestica thunb." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1457.

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The work aimed to describe and to illustrate morphologic aspects of the plant, inflorescence, fruit, seed and seedling of Nandina domestica Thunb. In the accomplished tests, were evaluated twenty head offices installed in the production area of the Floricultura Oeste Ltda, in the metropolitan area of Cascavel - PR. Were observed in the plants the following aspects: root, stem and leaves. In the inflorescences were described: the kind, color and the reproductive structures. In the fruits, the following aspects were observed: color, mass and diameter. In the seeds, were verified forms, size and mass. In the seedling, were observed the protrusion of the primary root, hipocótilo, epicotyls, plúmula and cotyledons. The observations were accomplished with aid of table magnifying glass and the measures were taken with digital pachymeter. The flower is diclamídea, with superior ovary, the fruit is an impermeable red berry, containing two seeds, which possess elliptic format, with homócromo embryo and epigeous germination.
O trabalho objetivou descrever e ilustrar aspectos morfológicos da planta, inflorescência, fruto, semente e plântula de Nandina domestica Thunb. Avaliaram-se vinte matrizes instaladas na área de produção da Floricultura Oeste Ltda, na região metropolitana de Cascavel PR. Foram observados, nas plantas, os seguintes aspectos: raiz, caule e folhas. Nas inflorescências foram descritos: o tipo, cor e as estruturas reprodutivas. Nos frutos, observaram-se os seguintes aspectos: cor, massa e diâmetro. Nas sementes, verificou-se forma, tamanho e determinou-se a massa, nas plântulas, foram observadas a protrusão da raiz primária, o hipocótilo, epicótilo, plúmula e os cotilédones. As observações foram realizadas com auxílio de lupa de mesa e as medidas foram tomadas com paquímetro digital. A flor de Nandina domestica é diclamídea, com ovário súpero, e o fruto é uma baga vermelha impermeável, contendo duas sementes, as quais possuem formato elíptico, com embrião homócromo e germinação epígea.

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Lantiat, David. "Morphologie et auto-organisation de nanoparticules métalliques dispersées dans des matrices diélectriques : influence sur les propriétés optiques." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331903.

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L'objectif de ce travail est d'ajuster la position spectrale de la résonance plasmon de surface de nanoparticules de métaux nobles dispersées dans une matrice diélectrique en contrôlant leur morphologie et leur organisation spatiale. Nous montrons que lorsque la croissance est réalisée sur des substrats plans, il est possible de jouer sur la nature de la matrice pour modifier le rapport d'aspect hauteur sur diamètre H/D des particules, et donc leur réponse optique. Des analyses structurales quantitatives menées par microscopie électronique en transmission à balayage (HAADF-STEM) font apparaître que H/D est une fonction décroissante du diamètre D, indépendamment de la quantité de métal déposé. Afin de comprendre ces effets de la matrice sur les propriétés structurales et optiques des particules, différentes études (influence du métal et de la quantité déposés, présence d'une couche tampon, influence des conditions d'élaboration, vitesse de recouvrement des particules, ... ) sont menées et des simulations numériques des spectres du facteur de transmission sont réalisées en intégrant dans un modèle de Yamaguchi les paramètres structuraux issus de l'analyse HAADF. Une autre approche consiste à utiliser des surfaces d'alumine nanostructurées afin d'induire une organisation surfacique des particules et ainsi entraîner une anisotropie de leurs propriétés optiques. Nous montrons que selon la géométrie de dépôt utilisée (incidence normale, incidence rasante, orientation et angle d'incidence du flux atomique), il est possible par effet d'ombrage de sélectionner le type de facettes sur lesquelles la croissance a lieu, et par conséquent d'organiser les nanoparticules d'argent sur la surface sous forme de bandes ou de chaînes linéaires, dont les propriétés optiques présentent une dépendance à la polarisation de la lumière incidente.

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González, Esteban Roberto. "Transformação genética de Eucalyptus grandis e do híbrido E. grandis x E. urophylla via Agrobacterium." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-23102002-174613/.

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A produção de papel e celulose representa um importante componente do setor industrial brasileiro, com perspectivas a expandir-se nos próximos anos, sendo o Brasil o principal produtor de celulose a partir de eucalipto. A técnica de transformação genética pode contribuir significativamente para introduzir caracteres de interesse econômico que permitam: aumentar a produtividade da cultura, resistência a doenças e melhorar a qualidade da madeira. Os sistemas de transformação genética requerem um sistema de regeneração de plantasin vitro eficiente associado a um sistema de integração estável do transgene ao genoma das mesmas. Por este motivo o trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. A primeira parte foi orientada para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de regeneração eficiente e reproduzível por organogênese indireta tanto para E. grandis como para o híbrido E. grandis x E. urophylla. Foram realizados experimentos para avaliar-se o efeito dos diferentes tipos de explantes, genótipos, concentrações de reguladores de crescimento e taxa regenerativa de diferentes clones. A regeneração de cotilédones e folhas de plântulas apresentou uma eficiência de 30 % e 25 respectivamente. Além destes sistemas, o protocolo de regeneração a partir de folhas de clones comerciais de E. grandis mostrou-se bastante eficiente. Na segunda parte do trabalho desenvolveu-se a metodologia de transformação genética de E. grandis e E. grandis x E. urophylla, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. O efeito de diferentes tempos de pré-cultivo dos explantes, tempo de sonicação, influência dos meios de co-cultivo e dos agentes seletivos, foram avaliados. As sementes pré-cultivadas durante 2 e 15 dias apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de expressão da???? -glucuronidase (GUS) (21,7 e 37,4 %, respectivamente), quando sonicadas. As sementes pré-cultivadas por 2 dias apresentaram mais de 90 % das áreas transformadas localizadas nos cotilédones e no colo. Já as sementes pré-tratadas por 15 e 17 dias apresentaram 60 % das áreas de transformação localizadas no primeiro par de folhas. A condição mais adequada para a transformação de cotilédones foi a sonicação por 120 s, de sementes pré-cultivadas por 2 dias, sendo o melhor meio de co-cultivo o MS. Plantas transgênicas de E. grandis e E. grandis x E. urophylla foram obtidas, abrindo assim uma grande perspectiva na área de melhoramento do eucalipto, com a introdução das técnicas de transformação gênica.
The pulp and paper industry is an important sector of Brazilian industry, showing good perspectives of expansion, once Brazil is the main cellulose producer from Eucalyptus. Genetic transformation may contribute to increase productivity by the introduction of desirable traits, such as pest resistance and improvement of wood quality. However, the prerequisite for the success of the transformation strategy is the establishment of an efficient, in vitro, regeneration system. The recovery of transgenic plants is only possible from cells that respond to both processes: the integration of the transgene and also the plant regeneration. Hence, this work was divided in two phases. The first study was carried out to develop an efficient and reproducible regeneration system by indirect organogenesis of E. grandis and the hybrid E. grandis x E. urophylla. The experiments were organized to evaluate the effect of the different seedling explants, genotypes, hormonal concentration and regenerative rate of clonal material. The regeneration efficiency of cotyledons and leaves of seedling explants was around 30 % and 25 %, respectively. In addition, an efficient regeneration protocol of Eucalyptus grandis was developed which uses leaf explants from clonal plants. In the second study the procedure for genetic transformation of E. grandis and E. grandis X E. urophylla using Agrobacterium is described. Several experimental parameters were evaluated such as the length of precultivation, the sonication effect, the cocultivation media and the selective agents. Germinating seeds of 2 and 15 days had the highest percentage of ? -glucuronidase (GUS) expression (21.7% and 37.4%, respectively), when sonicated. Germinating seeds imbibed for 2 days showed over 90% of the blue sectors localized in cotyledons and in the intersection of the hypocotyls and roots, whereas, seedlings that had germinated for 15-17 days had an average of 60% of the transformed sectors localized in the first pair of leaves. The best condition for an efficient genetic transformation was 2-day precultivation, associated with 120-s sonication and MS media for cocultivation. Transgenic plants of E. grandis and E. grandis x E. urophylla were obtained by this method, opening an important perspective for the breeding of Eucalyptus through genetic transformation techniques.

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Dossi, Fábio Cleisto Alda. "Ultraestrutura do aparelho reprodutor feminino e mecanismos de transmissão transovariana de endossimbiontes de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-10022009-095926/.

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Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) tornou-se um psilídeo de grande importância para a citricultura paulista após a constatação da bactéria Candidatus Liberibacter sp., causadora do Huanglongbing (greening). Sabe-se que esse inseto abriga microrganismos endossimbiontes, os quais desempenham papel fundamental em sua ecologia nutricional, sendo transmitidos verticalmente à progênie. Dessa forma, propomos caracterizar a morfologia do aparelho reprodutor feminino durante o seu desenvolvimento para embasar a identificação do processo de migração dos simbiontes do bacterioma aos tecidos reprodutivos. D. citri possui ovário do tipo telotrófico, com ovaríolos organizados em bouquet e características gerais semelhantes às observadas para outros Sternorrhyncha. Os trofócitos parecem ser desprovidos de delimitação por membrana no ovaríolo desenvolvido. Um único oócito se desenvolve por ciclo no vitelário, o qual mantém-se em contato com a câmara trófica por um prolongamento citoplasmático, denominado cordão trófico. As informações morfo-estruturais do aparelho reprodutor de D. citri obtidas indicam similaridades importantes a de outros membros de Sternorryncha. Nesse contexto, a migração de simbiontes do bacterioma para os oócitos em maturação de D. citri, ocorre de modo semelhante ao descrito para aleirodídeos, caracterizandose pela migração de bacteriócito intacto. Este último, atravessa o epitélio de revestimento do oócito, formado por células foliculares, e invade o oócito, liberando as bactérias nele contidas. Entretanto, os simbiontes associados ao sincício do bacterioma, são liberados na hemocele através de uma pequena abertura formada no epitélio de revestimento dessa estrutura, invadindo o oócito por um mecanismo distinto. Os simbiontes contidos no oócito, formam um agrupamento de aspecto arredondado (= symbiont ball) na região posterior do oócito, próximo ao pedicelo.
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) became a serious problem to the citrus industry in São Paulo State once the Huanglongbing disease (greening), which is caused by the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter sp., was detected. Psyllids are known to harbor endosymbiont microorganisms, which are vertically transmitted to the progeny and play a key role in the nutritional ecology of their hosts. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the morphology of the reproductive system during D. citri development as a tool for further investigation on the symbiont migration from the bacteriome to the reproductive tissues. D. citri has telotrophic ovaries with ovarioles organized in a bouquet, sharing all other characteristics with the remaining Sternorrhyncha. In developed ovarioles, trophocytes seems to lack any membrane delimitation. Only one oocyte develops at a time in the vitellarium, remaining in communication with the trophic chamber by a citoplasmatic brigde, named trophic cord. The morphostructural information reported in here on the D. citri reproductive system shows important similarities with other Sternorryncha. Symbionts associated to the bacteriome of D. citrus migrate to the ovaries and invade the oocytes during ovary maturation, as previously reported for aleyrodids. In this case, symbionts will move within the bacteriocyte as it detaches from the bacteriome and moves through the oocyte follicular epithelium, releasing the contained bacteria into the oocyte. However, symbionts associated to the bacteriome syncitium are relased into the hemocoel through small openings on the bacteriome epithelium, invading the oocyte by a different mechanism. All symbionts that invaded or were discharged into the oocyte aggregate into a balllike symbiont structure at the posterior pole close to the egg pedicel.

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Abahazem, Alyen. "Etudes expérimentales des décharges couronne pour la dépollution des gaz." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/716/.

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Le but de ce travail est d'étudier les caractéristiques électrique et optique des décharges couronne afin de mieux comprendre leurs propriétés en fonction des divers paramètres opératoires et d'avoir les éléments de validation expérimentale des modèles utilisés pour optimiser ces sources d'espèces actives pour les applications environnementales. Ce travail consiste à réaliser l'étude expérimentale de la décharge couronne en polarité positive, en géométrie pointe-plan dans l'air et l'azote à la pression atmosphérique, en tension continue puis impulsionnelle. L'analyse électrique des décharges couronne est effectuée en fonction de plusieurs paramètres (distance inter-électrodes, tension appliquée, fréquence et largeur d'impulsion de la tension) dans l'air puis dans l'azote. L'analyse de la morphologie de la décharge a été effectuée par imagerie ICCD. Les spectres d'émission dans le visible ont été analysés dans les deux régimes de tension dans l'air et en régime de tension impulsionnelle dans l'azote. Des analyses comparatives entre les caractéristiques électriques ont été effectuées entre les régimes continu et impulsionnel dans l'air puis entre les décharges couronne impulsionnelle dans l'air et l'azote. Les différences entre les spectres d'émission de l'air et de l'azote ont été analysées en soulignant la présence des émissions NOgamma uniquement dans le cas de l'azote et non dans l'air à cause de quenching des NOgamma par les molécules d'oxygène. Un nouveau réacteur de laboratoire multipointes-plan en régime impulsionnel, a été mis en place. Les études électriques et par imagerie ont été effectuées en faisant varier le nombre de pointes, la distance inter-électrodes et la tension
The aim of this work is to study the electrical and optical characteristics of corona discharges in order to better understand their properties as a function of various operating parameters and to have the elements of experimental validation of models used to optimize these sources of active species for environmental applications. This work consists to make an experimental study of corona discharge in positive polarity, in point-to-plane geometry in air and nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, in both cases DC and pulsed voltage. The electrical analysis of corona discharge is carried out as a function of several parameters (inter-electrode distance, applied voltage, frequency and pulse width of voltage) in air and then in nitrogen. The morphology analysis of the discharge was conducted by ICCD camera. The emission spectra in the visible range were analyzed for DC and pulsed voltages in the case of air and then for the pulsed voltage in the case of the nitrogen. A comparative analyses between the electrical characteristics were made between DC and pulsed voltages in air and then between air and nitrogen corona discharges for pulsed voltage. The differences between the emission spectra of air and nitrogen have been analyzed with an emphasis on the presence of NOgamma emissions only in the case of the nitrogen and their absence in the case of air is due to the quenching of NOgamma by oxygen molecules. A new laboratory reactor multi points-plane has been implemented. Electrical and imagery analyses were performed by varying the number of points, the inter-electrode distance and the applied voltage

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Stump, Vinicius Dotto. "As conexões do edifício: circulações e espaços coletivos em plantas térreas de edifícios verticais paulistas da década de 1950." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2630.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The project aims at investigating the interdependence between the building and the city from their ground plans and specially from their common spaces and circulations. For that, a dissertation analyses the evolution and development of the urban morphology since the intervention in european cities starting from the industrialization until the criticism to the modern project from the decades of 1950 and 1960. Srategies of projects from the modernist movement are also analysed, its dialogue with the experience of northern american buildings in height and the brazilian repertory of the 50's from São Paulo City of modern buildings inserted in lots from traditional cities and that grant a privilege to the common spaces.At last, the project regards about the pertinency of this set of problems in the experience of contemporary projects.
O trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a interdependência entre o edifício vertical e a cidade, a partir das suas plantas térreas e, principalmente, seus espaços coletivos e circulações. Para tanto, a dissertação faz uma revisão da evolução da morfologia urbana desde as intervenções urbanas em cidades européias a partir do processo de industrialização do século XIX, até as críticas ao projeto moderno das décadas de 1950 e 1960. São também analisadas as estratégias projetuais do movimento modernista, seu diálogo com a experiência de edifícios em altura norte americanos e o repertório brasileiro da década de 1950 da cidade de São Paulo de edifícios moderno inseridos em lotes de cidades tradicionais e que privilegiam o espaço coletivo. Por fim, o trabalho discute a pertinência desta problemática na experiência de projetos contemporâneos. O trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a interdependência entre o edifício vertical e a cidade, a partir das suas plantas térreas e, principalmente, seus espaços coletivos e circulações.Para tanto, a dissertação faz uma revisão da evolução da morfologia urbana desde as intervenções urbanas em cidades européias a partir do processo de industrialização do século XIX, até as críticas ao projeto moderno das décadas de 1950 e 1960. São também analisadas as estratégias projetuais do movimento modernista, seu diálogo com a experiência de edifícios em altura norte americanos e o repertório brasileiro da década de 1950 da cidade de São Paulo de edifícios moderno inseridos em lotes de cidades tradicionais e que privilegiam o espaço coletivo. Por fim, o trabalho discute a pertinência desta problemática na experiência de projetos contemporâneos.

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Ribeiro, Camila Godinho. "Avalia??o de efeitos DW extratos de sambucus australis E sambucus nigra na marca??o de constituintes sanguineos com tecn?cio-99M, na morfologia de Hem?cias de ratos wistar, na topologia plasmidial e na a??o do cloreto estanoso no DNA Plasmidial." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13234.

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Radiobiocomplexes are used in nuclear medicine to obtain images and to treat diseases. Blood constituents have been used as radiobiocomplexes. Natural or synthetic products can influence on the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m (99mTc), the morphology of red blood cells and on the stannous chloride (SnCl2) action on plasmid DNA. Sambucus australis and Sambucus nigra are used in popular culture for treating diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of the extracts of Sambucus australis and Sambucus nigra on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, on morphology of red blood cells of Wistar rats, on the topology of plasmids DNA and the action against the SnCl2 effects on the DNA of plasmids pBSK. On the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc it was verified that both extracts were capable to decrease significantly the radioactivity in the cellular compartment and in the insoluble fraction of plasma. Sambucus australis also decreased the labeling of insoluble fraction of blood cells with 99mTc. Both extracts did not alter the morphology of red blood cells. Moreover, it was verified that Sambucus nigra did not alter the electrophoretic profile of plasmid DNA, but decreased the effect of SnCl2 on plasmid DNA. These last results sugest a genotoxic effect and a protective action of Sambucus nigra extract against the SnCl2 action on plasmid DNA. This work was developed with the contribution of several Departments of biomedical area of the Hospital Universit?rio Pedro Ernesto, of the UERJ, characterizing a multidisciplinary experimental research
Radiobiocomplexos s?o utilizados em medicina nuclear para obten??o de imagens e tratamento de doen?as. Constituintes sangu?neos t?m sido utilizados como radiobiocomplexos. Produtos naturais ou sint?ticos podem influenciar a marca??o de constituintes sang??neos com tecn?cio-99m (99mTc), a morfologia de hem?cias e a a??o do cloreto estanoso no DNA plasmidial. Sambucus australis e Sambucus nigra s?o utilizados na cultura popular para o tratamento de doen?as. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos extratos de Sambucus australis e de Sambucus nigra na marca??o de constituintes sang??neos com 99mTc, na morfologia de hem?cias de ratos Wistar, na topologia do DNA plasmidial e sua a??o sobre os efeitos do cloreto estanoso no DNA de plasm?dios pBSK. Na marca??o de constituintes sang??neos com 99mTc verificou-se que os dois extratos foram capazes de diminuir significativamente a radioatividade no compartimento celular e na fra??o insol?vel do plasma. Sambucus australis diminuiu tamb?m a marca??o da fra??o insol?vel da c?lula com 99mTc. Os dois extratos n?o alteraram a morfologia das hem?cias. Al?m disso, foi verificado que um extrato de Sambucus nigra n?o alterou o perfil eletrofor?tico do DNA plasmidial, entretanto diminuiu os efeitos do cloreto estanoso no DNA plasmidial. Estes ?ltimos resultados sugerem um efeito genot?xico e uma a??o protetora do extrato de Sambucus nigra contra a a??o do cloreto estanoso no DNA plasmidial. Este trabalho foi realizado com a colabora??o de diversos Departamentos da ?rea biom?dica do Hospital Universit?rio Pedro Ernesto, da UERJ, caracterizando uma pesquisa experimental multidisciplinar

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Presta, Giuseppe Ant?nio. "Efeito de um extrato de chrysobalanus icaco na marca??o de constitu?ntes sangu?neos com tecn?cio-99m, na morfologia de hem?cias, na topologia plasmidial e na a??o do cloreto estanoso no dna plasmidial." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13119.

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The use of radionuclides has contributed for advances in Health Sciences, to research or to the diagnosis and/or treatment of diseases. These advances have been possible with the utilization of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc). Stannous chloride (SnCl2) has the main reducing agent utilized to obtain radiopharmaceuticals labeled with technetium-99m. It has been reported that several natural or synthetic drugs are capable to alter the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, as well as the red blood cells morphology. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible alterations of Chrysobalanus icaco extract on the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, on the morphology of RBC of blood of Wistar rats, on the breakage of plasmid DNA and on the effects of stannous chloride on plasmid DNA. The results showed significant (P<0.05) alteration of the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc, as well as, modification of the morphology and morphometry (perimeter/area ratio) of the RBC in presence of the extract. These data suggest that this abajeru extract could alter the labeling of blood constituents with 99mTc by its chelating/antioxidant action and/or effects on membrane structures. Moreover C. icaco extract altered the electrophoretic profile and decreased significantly (p<0.05) the effect of SnCl2 on plasmid DNA. The results obtained in this work could indicate a dose-dependent protective action against the SnCl2 and a genotoxic effect of C. icaco extract on plasmid DNA
O uso de radionucl?deos tem contribu?do para avan?os relevantes em Ci?ncias da Sa?de, seja para pesquisa ou seja para o diagn?stico e/ou tratamento de doen?as. Muitos desses avan?os t?m sido poss?veis com a utiliza??o de radiof?rmacos marcados com tecn?cio-99m (99mTc). A marca??o desses radiof?rmacos necessita de um agente redutor e o cloreto estanoso tem sido o mais empregado. Tem sido descrito que diversas drogas naturais ou sint?ticas s?o capazes de interferir na marca??o de constituintes sangu?neos com 99mTc, assim como na morfologia das hem?cias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar poss?veis interfer?ncias de um extrato de Chrysobalanus icaco (C. icaco) na marca??o dos constituintes sangu?neos com 99mTc, na morfologia de hem?cias do sangue de ratos Wistar, na quebra de DNA de plasm?dios e na a??o do cloreto estanoso no DNA plasmidial. Os resultados indicam que o extrato de C. icaco altera a marca??o de constituintes sangu?neos significativamente (p<0,05) com 99mTc, a morfologia e a morfometria (rela??o per?metro/?rea) das hem?cias, talvez por a??o quelante ou antioxidante e/ou por efeitos em estruturas da membrana envolvidas no transporte de ?ons. Al?m disso C. icaco altera o perfil eletrofor?tico e diminui significativamente (p<0.05) os efeitos do cloreto estanoso no DNA plasmidial. Estes ?ltimos resultados sugerem uma a??o protetora dose-dependente contra a a??o do cloreto estanoso e um efeito genot?xico do extrato de C. icaco no DNA plasmidial. O estudo tem car?ter multidisciplinar com a participa??o das seguintes ?reas do conhecimento: Radiobiologia, Bot?nica, Gen?tica, Fitoterapia e Hematologia

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Toudert, Johann. "Croissance, nanostructure et réponse optique de films minces d'agrégats d'argent dans des matrices diélectriques." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502443.

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L'objectif de ce travail est d'élaborer par pulvérisation ionique des films minces nanocomposites d'agrégats d'argent dispersés dans des matrices diélectriques. Plus précisément, nous avons cherché à contrôler la morphologie des agrégats afin d'ajuster la position spectrale de la bande d'absorption associée à leur mode de résonance plasmon (1,1). Par des mesures de microscopie électronique en transmission et diffusion centrale des rayons X en incidence rasante, nous montrons que les agrégats élaborés sont de forme ellipsoïdale, de rapport hauteur/diamètre H/D dépendant fortement du mode de dépôt choisi : H/D>1 dans le cas d'un co-dépôt des espèces métallique et diélectrique, H/D§1 dans le cas d'un dépôt alterné (tricouches diélectrique/Ag/diélectrique). Pour les deux modes de dépôt, nous avons ajusté la valeur de H/D en jouant sur plusieurs paramètres d'élaboration : la quantité d'argent déposée, la nature de la matrice (Si3N4 ou BN), les conditions d'assistance (co-dépôts), et la durée de mûrissement des agrégats (tricouches). Nous utilisons ces résultats afin de discuter les mécanismes de croissance des films minces nanocomposites métastables élaborés : nous montrons que les aspects cinétiques de la croissance jouent un rôle prépondérant sur la structure finale de ces films. Nous montrons par ailleurs que H/D peut être modifié par des post-traitements (irradiations ou recuits) qui rapprochent les matériaux de leur état d'équilibre stable (H/D = 1). Ainsi, nous montrons que la position spectrale du mode (1,1) des agrégats peut être ajustée sur tout le spectre du visible en fonction de la forme des agrégats, en accord qualitatif avec les prévisions du modèle de Maxwell-Garnett. Enfin, nous présentons les résultats d'études préliminaires portant sur l'élaboration de nanocomposites auto-organisés (multicouches) et la caractérisation des résonances plasmon par spectroscopie de pertes d'énergie des électrons en réflexion.

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Jyun-YouSu and 蘇峻佑. "Plasma-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: Morphology and Particle Size Manipulation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7k252m.

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Lin, Su-Peng, and 林俗伻. "Investigation on the effect of PES membrane surface morphology on the physical structure of plasma-polymerized film." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72223955410344264274.

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碩士
中原大學
化學工程研究所
98
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the substrate surface morphology on the physical structure of plasma-polymerized films. The wet-phase inversion method was used in fabricating the substrate, and by means of changing the membrane formation path, poly(ether sulfone) (PES) substrates with three different surface types (dense skin layer, porous skin layer, and skin-free layer) were formed. Radio frequency-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) was the technique applied to conduct the acetylene gas plasma polymerization to deposit plasma-polymerized layer on a substrate with a high homogeneity and good adhesion properties, resulting in the preparation of an asymmetric membrane with a high flux. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the change in the structure of the plasma-polymerized membrane, and it was combined with the positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) technique to investigate the change in the nano-structure of the different layers of the plasma-polymerized composite membrane and to clarify the effect of the substrate surface morphology on the plasma-polymerized layer physical composition. It can be found from the water vapor permeation results that at similar deposited layer thicknesses, different substrate surface morphologies influenced the characteristic permeation rate in the plasma-polymerized composite membrane. With a substrate surface with a lacy-like skin-free structure, a plasma-polymerized layer with a low permeation resistance could be obtained. On investigating the effect of plasma parameters (plasma power, deposition time, acetylene gas feed flow rate, and argon gas amount) on the plasma-polymerized layer structure of different substrate surface morphologies, substrates with different surface morphologies underwent the same change after the plasma polymerization reaction and their polymerized layer deposits had similar thicknesses; changes in the plasma power, feed gas flow rate, and deposition time produced similar trends of changes in polymer layer deposition rates. When the substrate surface morphology was discontinuous, there was a probability to produce a deposited layer with a pillar-like structure; however, with increasing deposited layer thickness, the pillar-like structure would gradually become not obvious. The composite membrane microstructure was investigated further by means of the positron annihilation spectroscopy technique. Based on the VEPFIT software analysis, the change in S parameter values for different layers was shown from best fittings, and with a PES substrate surface with a dense skin layer (T1) or a porous skin layer, a three-layer model produced best fitting results; with a PES substrate surface with a lacy-like structure (T3), a four-layer model gave best fitting results. The structures of T1 and T2 plasma-polymerized composite membranes had three layers: (I) acetylene plasma-polymerized layer, (III) transition layer, and (IV) PES substrate; however, the T3 substrate whose pores were filled with a polymer due to the plasma polymerization reaction had additional pre-transition layer formed by acetylene plasma polymer and PES polymer coexisting in a mixed layer (II). These results explicitly explain the substrate surface morphology influence on the internal structure of the plasma-polymerized deposited layer, especially in the transition layer region.

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45

Liao, Yen-Kai, and 廖彥凱. "Studying the electric characterization and surface morphology of silicon dioxide deposited by atmosphere-pressure plasma jet with different precursors." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33960430734506176071.

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碩士
國立交通大學
電機學院微電子奈米科技產業專班
98
The semiconductor industry widely use silicon dioxide on devices, including gate insulator and field oxide, but the glass and plastic substrate of photoelectric undertaking can’t endure high temperature such as thermal oxidation. We must use low-temperature process of PECVD to deposit silicon dioxide. With the area of display increase day by day, we have to design larger vacuum chamber and associated pumping system but the cost of equipment will increase. The atmospheric-pressure plasma system has the advantage of low cost, high processing speed, and simple system with no vacuum equipment. In this experiment, we deposited silicon dioxide thin films by atmosphere-pressure plasma jet with different precursors including HMDSN and HMDSO. We vary the parameters of Ar flow rate, substrate temperature, and main gas in order to investigate the electric characterization and surface roughness. When we decrease Ar flow rate and increase substrate temperature to 150 °C respectively. The leakage current of silicon dioxide thin films deposited by atmosphere-pressure plasma jet with HMDSN can attempt to 10-7 (A/cm2) at 0.5 MV/cm, which may be applied for gate insulators of OTFTs. And the film is hydrophobic with 63 ° contact angle, by which can increase the adhesion of organic active layer. Besides, as we increase Ar flow rate, decrease substrate temperature, and increase the proportion of oxygen respectively. All above can increase surface roughness which may be applied for solar cell as anti-reflection layer, which could reduce multi-processes.

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46

Yeh, Kuo-Hui, and 葉國輝. "Effects of Catalyst Plasma Pre-Treatment on Surface Morphology and Field Emission Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08044101282240441528.

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碩士
大葉大學
電機工程學系碩士在職專班
95
In this work, tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and nitrogen (N2) plasma pre-treatments were carried out on the catalyst nickel films in order to study their effects on the surface morphology and field emission characteristics of the synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Carbon nanotubes were synthesized with a thermal chemical vapor deposition system. Methane (CH4) was the main source for carbon, and argon was used as the carrier gas. CNTs were synthesized from carbon atoms obtained from catalytic thermal decomposition of methane. Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were employed to study the properties of synthesized CNTs after plasma treatment. From our experimental data, it is found that as the plasma pretreatment duration was increased, the diameter of CNTs became smaller and the surface density of CNTs became higher, and their field emission characteristics were thus enhanced. We can see that after 4 minutes of CF4 plasma pretreatment, the emission current density of CNTs reached 1.67mA/cm2, but after 4 minutes of N2 plasma pretreatment, the emission current density was only 0.908mA/cm2. Therefore, it is evident that CF4 plasma pretreatment can have a more pronounced enhancement on the emission characteristics of CNTs than N2 plasma pretreatment can have. Keywords : carbon nanotubes (CNTs), field emission, thermal chemical vapor deposition (thermal CVD)

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47

Gish, Douglas. "Morphology control and localized surface plasmon resonance in glancing angle deposited films." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1264.

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This research investigates an extension of the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique and a biosensing application of films produced by GLAD. The extension to GLAD, called phi-sweep (PS), improves column isolation compared to films grown by traditional GLAD (TG) as well as modifies the column tilt angle, , of the slanted columns according to tan(_{PS}) = tan(_{TG}) cos(), where is the sweep angle. The biosensing application makes use of localized surface plasmon resonance in noble metal GLAD films functionalized with rabbit immunoglobulin G (rIgG) to detect binding of anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (anti-rIgG) to the films' surface. The extinction peak red-shifts a distance dependent on the concentration of anti-rIgG solution in a manner described by the Langmuir isotherm with a saturation value, _{max}, of 29.4 0.7 nm and a surface confined thermodynamic binding constant, K, of (2.7 0.3)10 M.
Microsystems and Nanodevices

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48

Vennekamp, Martin [Verfasser]. "Elektrochemie mit Gasplasmen : zur Kinetik der anodischen Oxidation von Silber in Chlorgas-Plasmen und zur Morphologie der Produktschichten / vorgelegt von Martin Vennekamp." 2002. http://d-nb.info/964844737/34.

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49

McCanna, David. "Development of Sensitive In Vitro Assays to Assess the Ocular Toxicity Potential of Chemicals and Ophthalmic Products." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4338.

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The utilization of in vitro tests with a tiered testing strategy for detection of mild ocular irritants can reduce the use of animals for testing, provide mechanistic data on toxic effects, and reduce the uncertainty associated with dose selection for clinical trials. The first section of this thesis describes how in vitro methods can be used to improve the prediction of the toxicity of chemicals and ophthalmic products. The proper utilization of in vitro methods can accurately predict toxic threshold levels and reduce animal use in product development. Sections two, three and four describe the development of new sensitive in vitro methods for predicting ocular toxicity. Maintaining the barrier function of the cornea is critical for the prevention of the penetration of infections microorganisms and irritating chemicals into the eye. Chapter 2 describes the development of a method for assessing the effects of chemicals on tight junctions using a human corneal epithelial and canine kidney epithelial cell line. In Chapter 3 a method that uses a primary organ culture for assessing single instillation and multiple instillation toxic effects is described. The ScanTox system was shown to be an ideal system to monitor the toxic effects over time as multiple readings can be taken of treated bovine lenses using the nondestructive method of assessing for the lens optical quality. Confirmations of toxic effects were made with the utilization of the viability dye alamarBlue. Chapter 4 describes the development of sensitive in vitro assays for detecting ocular toxicity by measuring the effects of chemicals on the mitochondrial integrity of bovine cornea, bovine lens epithelium and corneal epithelial cells, using fluorescent dyes. The goal of this research was to develop an in vitro test battery that can be used to accurately predict the ocular toxicity of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. By comparing the toxicity seen in vivo animals and humans with the toxicity response in these new in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that these in vitro methods can be utilized in a tiered testing strategy in the development of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations.

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