Academic literature on the topic 'PLASMA MICROBIOTA'
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Journal articles on the topic "PLASMA MICROBIOTA"
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Ottosson, Filip, Louise Brunkwall, Ulrika Ericson, Peter M. Nilsson, Peter Almgren, Céline Fernandez, Olle Melander, and Marju Orho-Melander. "Connection Between BMI-Related Plasma Metabolite Profile and Gut Microbiota." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, no. 4 (February 1, 2018): 1491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02114.
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Abstract Context Emerging evidence has related the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites to human obesity. Gut microbiota is responsible for several metabolic functions, and altered plasma metabolome might reflect differences in the gut microbiome. Objective To identify a plasma metabolite profile associated with body mass index (BMI) in a general population and investigate whether such metabolite profile is associated with distinct composition of the gut microbiota. Design Targeted profiling of 48 plasma metabolites was performed in a population of 920 Swedish adults (mean age, 39 years; 53% women) from the ongoing Malmö Offspring Study using targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 region) in fecal samples of 674 study participants. Results BMI was associated with 19 metabolites (P < 0.001 for all), of which glutamate provided the strongest direct association (P = 5.2e-53). By orthogonal partial least squares regression, a metabolite principal component predictive of BMI was constructed (PCBMI). In addition to glutamate, PCBMI was dominated by branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and related metabolites. Four gut microbiota genera (Blautia, Dorea, Ruminococcus, and SHA-98) were associated with both BMI and PCBMI (P < 8.0e-4 for all). When simultaneously regressing PCBMI and metabolite-associated gut bacteria against BMI, only PCBMI remained statistically significant. Conclusions We discovered associations between four gut microbiota genera (Blautia, Dorea, Ruminococcus, and SHA-98) and BMI-predictive plasma metabolites, including glutamate and BCAAs. Thus, these metabolites could be mediators between gut microbiota and obesity, pointing to potential future opportunities for targeting the gut microbiota in prevention of obesity.
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Ugrayová, Simona, Peter Švec, Ivan Hric, Sára Šardzíková, Libuša Kubáňová, Adela Penesová, Jaroslava Adamčáková, et al. "Gut Microbiome Suffers from Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Childhood and Its Characteristics Are Positively Associated with Intra-Hospital Physical Exercise." Biology 11, no. 5 (May 21, 2022): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11050785.
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Gut microbiome impairment is a serious side effect of cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment on gut microbiota composition in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Fecal microbiotas were categorized using specific primers targeting the V1–V3 region of 16S rDNA in eligible pediatric ALL patients after HSCT (n = 16) and in healthy controls (Ctrl, n = 13). An intra-hospital exercise program was also organized for child patients during HSCT treatment. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition were observed between ALL HSCT and Ctrl with further negative effects. Plasma C-reactive protein correlated positively with the pathogenic bacteria Enterococcus spp. and negatively with beneficial bacteria Butyriccocus spp. or Akkermansia spp., respectively (rs = 0.511, p = 0.05; rs = −0.541, p = 0.04; rs = −0.738, p = 0.02). Bacterial alpha diversity correlated with the exercise training characteristics. Therefore, specific changes in the microbiota of children were associated with systemic inflammation or the ability to exercise physically during HSCT treatment.
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Murali, Aishwarya, Varun Giri, Hunter James Cameron, Christina Behr, Saskia Sperber, Hennicke Kamp, Tilmann Walk, and Bennard van Ravenzwaay. "Elucidating the Relations between Gut Bacterial Composition and the Plasma and Fecal Metabolomes of Antibiotic Treated Wistar Rats." Microbiology Research 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 82–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres12010008.
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The gut microbiome is vital to the health and development of an organism, specifically in determining the host response to a chemical (drug) administration. To understand this, we investigated the effects of six antibiotic (AB) treatments (Streptomycin sulfate, Roxithromycin, Sparfloxacin, Vancomycin, Clindamycin and Lincomycin hydrochloride) and diet restriction (–20%) on the gut microbiota in 28-day oral toxicity studies on Wistar rats. The fecal microbiota was determined using 16S rDNA marker gene sequencing. AB-class specific alterations were observed in the bacterial composition, whereas restriction in diet caused no observable difference. These changes associated well with the changes in the LC–MS/MS- and GC–MS-based metabolome profiles, particularly of feces and to a lesser extent of plasma. Particularly strong and AB-specific metabolic alterations were observed for bile acids in both plasma and feces matrices. Although AB-group-specific plasma metabolome changes were observed, weaker associations between fecal and plasma metabolome suggest a profound barrier between them. Numerous correlations between the bacterial families and the fecal metabolites were established, providing a holistic overview of the gut microbial functionality. Strong correlations were observed between microbiota and bile acids, lipids and fatty acids, amino acids and related metabolites. These microbiome–metabolome correlations promote understanding of the functionality of the microbiome for its host.
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Zhou, Xueqian, Xiaoxun Zhang, Nan Zhao, Liangjun Zhang, Wen Qiu, Chunwei Song, Jin Chai, Shiying Cai, and Wensheng Chen. "Gut Microbiota Deficiency Exacerbates Liver Injury in Bile Duct Ligated Mice via Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 3180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043180.
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Bile components play a critical role in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. In cholestasis, bile secretion is impaired, leading to liver injury. However, it remains to be elucidated whether gut microbiota plays a role in cholestatic liver injury. Here, we performed a sham operation and bile duct ligation (BDL) in antibiotic-induced microbiome depleted (AIMD) mice and assessed liver injury and fecal microbiota composition in these mice. Significant reductions in gut microbiota richness and diversity were found in AIMD-sham mice when compared to sham controls. Three-day BDL leads to great elevation of plasma ALT, ALP, total bile acids, and bilirubin where reduced diversity of the gut microbiota was also found. AIMD further aggravated cholestatic liver injury evidenced by significantly higher levels of plasma ALT and ALP, associated with further reduced diversity and increased Gram-negative bacteria in gut microbiota. Further analyses revealed increased levels of LPS in the plasma of AIMD-BDL mice where elevated expression of inflammatory genes and decreased expression of hepatic detoxification enzymes were also found in liver when compared to the BDL group. These findings indicate that gut microbiota plays a critical role in cholestatic liver injury. Maintaining its homeostasis may alleviate liver injury in patients with cholestasis.
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Luo, Zhengzhong, Li Ma, Tao Zhou, Yixin Huang, Liben Zhang, Zhenlong Du, Kang Yong, et al. "Beta-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Pre-Weaning Dairy Calves." Metabolites 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080687.
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The present study aims to evaluate the alterations in gut microbiome and plasma metabolites of dairy calves with β-glucan (BG) supplementation. Fourteen healthy newborn dairy calves with similar body weight were randomly divided into control (n = 7) and BG (n = 7) groups. All the calves were fed on the basal diet, while calves in the BG group were supplemented with oat BG on d 8 for 14 days. Serum markers, fecal microbiome, and plasma metabolites at d 21 were analyzed. The calves were weaned on d 60 and weighed. The mean weaning weight of the BG group was 4.29 kg heavier than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, the levels of serum globulin, albumin, and superoxide dismutase were increased in the BG group. Oat BG intake increased the gut microbiota richness and decreased the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Changes in serum markers were found to be correlated with the plasma metabolites, including sphingosine, trehalose, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate, and gut microbiota such as Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214, Alistipes, and Bacteroides. Overall, these results suggest that the BG promotes growth and health of pre-weaning dairy calves by affecting the interaction between the host and gut microbiota.
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Kim, Jeon-Kyung, Eun Kyu Lee, Chu Hyun Bae, Soo-Dong Park, Jae-Jung Shim, Jung-Lyoul Lee, Hye Hyun Yoo, and Dong-Hyun Kim. "The Impact of Gut Microbiome on the Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenosides Rd and Rg3 in Mice after Oral Administration of Red Ginseng." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 49, no. 08 (January 2021): 1897–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x21500890.
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Ginsenosides of orally administered red ginseng (RG) extracts are metabolized and absorbed into blood. Here, we examined the pharmacokinetic profiles of ginsenosides Rd and Rg3 in mice orally gavaged with RG, then investigated the correlations between these and gut microbiota composition. RG water extract (RGw), RG ethanol extract (RGe), or fermented RGe (fRGe) was orally gavaged in mice. The plasma concentrations of the ginsenosides were determined, and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed. RGe and fRGe-treated mice showed higher plasma concentration levels of ginsenoside Rd compared with RGw-treated mice; particularly, ginsenoside Rd absorbed was substantially high in fRGe-treated mice. Oral administration of RG extracts modified the gut microbiota composition; the modified gut microbiota, such as Peptococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Hungateiclostridiaceae, were closely correlated with the absorption of ginsenosides, such as Rd and Rg3. These results suggest that oral administration of RG extracts can modify gut microbiome, which may consequently affect the bioavailability of RG ginsenosides.
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Saji, Naoki, Kenta Murotani, Naoyuki Sato, Tsuyoshi Tsuduki, Takayoshi Hisada, Mitsuru Shinohara, Taiki Sugimoto, Shumpei Niida, Kenji Toba, and Takashi Sakurai. "Relationship Between Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain, Gut Microbiota, and Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 86, no. 3 (April 5, 2022): 1323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215141.
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Background: Previous studies have demonstrated associations between gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and cognitive decline. However, relationships between these factors and neurofilament light chain (NfL; a disease-nonspecific biomarker of neural damage) remain controversial. Objective: To evaluate the associations between plasma NfL, gut microbiota, and cognitive function. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis of data from our prospective cohort study that was designed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive function. Patients who visited our memory clinic were enrolled and demographics, dementia-related risk factors, cognitive function, brain imaging, gut microbiomes, and microbial metabolites were assessed. We evaluated the relationships between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolites, and plasma NfL. Moreover, the relationships between plasma NfL and cognitive function were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: We analyzed 128 participants (women: 59%, mean age: 74 years). Participants with high (above the median) plasma NfL concentrations tended to be older, women, and hypertensive and have a history of stroke, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Plasma NfL was also associated with cerebral small vessel disease. However, plasma NfL levels were not significantly correlated with gut microbial metabolites. Multivariable analyses revealed that a higher plasma NfL concentration was independently associated with the presence of dementia (odds ratio: 9.94, 95% confidence interval: 2.75–48.2, p < 0.001). Conclusion: High plasma NfL concentration was independently associated with the presence of dementia as previously reported. However, plasma NfL levels were not significantly correlated with gut microbial metabolites in this preliminary study.
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Wang, Yang, Yuanchen He, Rui Li, Hui Jiang, Dengshun Tao, Keyan Zhao, Zongtao Yin, Jian Zhang, and Huishan Wang. "Gut Microbiota in Patients with Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Bypass Graft Surgery." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 4 (February 13, 2023): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041493.
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Background: Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most common complications of cardiac surgery. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Alterations in the gut microbiota are associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and POAF. Methods: Fecal samples were collected before surgery from 45 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with POAF and 90 matched patients without POAF (1:2). 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the microbiome profiles of 45 POAF patients and 89 matched patients (one sample in the no-POAF group was deleted owing to low quality after sequencing). Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was measured by ELISA. Results: Compared to the patients without POAF, gut microbiota composition was remarkably changed in the patients with POAF, with an increase in Lachnospira, Acinetobacter, Veillonella and Aeromonas, and a decrease in Escherichia–Shigella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Brevundimonas and Citrobacter. Furthermore, plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were decreased in POAF patients and negatively correlated with an abundance of Lachnospira. Conclusions: The gut microbiota composition between patients with and without POAF is significantly different, implying that gut microbiota may play a role in the pathogenesis of POAF. Further studies are needed to fully clarify the role of gut microbiota in the initiation of AF.
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Huang, Yueh-Hsiang, Yi-Hong Wu, Hsiang-Yu Tang, Szu-Tah Chen, Chih-Ching Wang, Wan-Jing Ho, Yi-Hsuan Lin, et al. "Gut Microbiota and Bile Acids Mediate the Clinical Benefits of YH1 in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Observational Study." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091857.
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Our previous clinical trial showed that a novel concentrated herbal extract formula, YH1 (Rhizoma coptidis and Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San), improved blood glucose and lipid control. This pilot observational study investigated whether YH1 affects microbiota, plasma, and fecal bile acid (BA) compositions in ten untreated male patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hyperlipidemia, and a body mass index ≥ 23 kg/m2. Stool and plasma samples were collected for microbiome, BA, and biochemical analyses before and after 4 weeks of YH1 therapy. As previous studies found, the glycated albumin, 2-h postprandial glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly improved after YH1 treatment. Gut microbiota revealed an increased abundance of the short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Anaerostipes and Escherichia/Shigella. Furthermore, YH1 inhibited specific phylotypes of bile salt hydrolase-expressing bacteria, including Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides caccae. Stool tauro-conjugated BA levels increased after YH1 treatment. Plasma total BAs and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), a BA synthesis indicator, were elevated. The reduced deconjugation of BAs and increased plasma conjugated BAs, especially tauro-conjugated BAs, led to a decreased glyco- to tauro-conjugated BA ratio and reduced unconjugated secondary BAs. These results suggest that YH1 ameliorates T2D and hyperlipidemia by modulating microbiota constituents that alter fecal and plasma BA compositions and promote liver cholesterol-to-BA conversion and glucose homeostasis.
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Chang, Chih-Jung, Jing Zhang, Yu-Ling Tsai, Chun-Bing Chen, Chun-Wei Lu, Yu-Ping Huo, Huey-Ming Liou, Chao Ji, and Wen-Hung Chung. "Compositional Features of Distinct Microbiota Base on Serum Extracellular Vesicle Metagenomics Analysis in Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Patients." Cells 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10092349.
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The bacterial microbiota in the skin and intestine of patients with psoriasis were different compared with that of healthy individuals. However, the presence of a distinct blood microbiome in patients with psoriasis is yet to be investigated. In this study, we investigated the differences in bacterial communities in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) between patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (PSOs) and healthy controls (HCs). The plasma EVs from the PSO (PASI > 10) (n = 20) and HC (n = 8) groups were obtained via a series of centrifugations, and patterns were examined and confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EV-specific markers. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota was determined by using full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The PSO group had lower bacterial diversity and richness compared with HC group. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA)-based clustering was used to assess diversity and validated dysbiosis for both groups. Differences at the level of amplicon sequence variant (ASV) were observed, suggesting alterations in specific ASVs according to health conditions. The HC group had higher levels of the phylum Firmicutes and Fusobacteria than in the PSO group. The order Lactobacillales, family Brucellaceae, genera Streptococcus, and species Kingella oralis and Aquabacterium parvum were highly abundant in the HC group compared with the PSO group. Conversely, the order Bacillales and the genera Staphylococcus and Sphihgomonas, as well as Ralstonia insidiosa, were more abundant in the PSO group. We further predicted the microbiota functional capacities, which revealed significant differences between the PSO and HC groups. In addition to previous studies on microbiome changes in the skin and gut, we demonstrated compositional differences in the microbe-derived EVs in the plasma of PSO patients. Plasma EVs could be an indicator for assessing the composition of the microbiome of PSO patients.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PLASMA MICROBIOTA"
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ANCONA, GIUSEPPE. "ROLE OF CART ON GUT MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS, STUDYING THE GUT/BLOOD MICROBIOTA DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF SUPPRESSIVE CART." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/628966.
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ROLE OF CART ON GUT MICROBIAL DYSBIOSIS, STUDYING THE GUT/BLOOD MICROBIOTA DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF SUPPRESSIVE CART
BACKGROUND Microbial dysbiosis features HIV+ individuals, both naïve and cART-treated, and is linked to anatomical/structural changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to microbial translocation (MT) and immune activation. Given that data on microbiota modifications during long-term therapy are lacking, we investigated gut/blood microbiota during the first 2 years of suppressive cART.
METHODS We enrolled 138 HIV+ subjects. Plasma was collected at baseline (T0) and following 12 (T12) and 24 months (T24) of cART. CD8+ T-cell activation (CD38+; CD38+CD45R0+), MT (sCD14 and EndocAb) and GI damage (IFAB-P) were studied. In a sub-group of 41 patients (pts) we also evaluated GI permeability (urinary LAC/MAN test), inflammation (faecal calprotectin), 16SDNA (MT marker) and gut persistence score, metagenomic function analysis (Picrust) as well as peripheral and faecal microbiota (DNA extraction and 16S Metagenomic Sequencing; MiSeq Illumina®). For the microbiota analyses we enrolled 15 HIV- subjects as controls. All groups were analysed by Wilcoxon test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Permanova analysis.
RESULTS 88% were male, 65% MSM, 6% HCV+; median age, CD4+ count, HIV RNA and duration of infection were respectively 38 years, 312/mmc, 5.03 log10cp/mL and 11.5 months. Following cART we registered a reduction of activated and activated/memory CD+8 T-cells (both with p<0.0001), an increase of EndoCab levels (p<0.0001) yet no significant changes in plasma sCD14. In contrast, an increase of I-FABP (p<0.0001) vis- à -vis a reduction of LAC/MAN test (p=0.03) and faecal calprotectin (p=0.01) were found.
In faeces, cART resulted in a limited modification of the relative abundance of the microbiota, however differences between pts and controls were detected in the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actynobacteria phyla. Alpha-diversity showed higher richness in HIV+ vs controls (observed: p=0.006; Chao1: p=0.002) and these differences were maintained at T12 and T24. PCoA plot analyses showed a trend to the separation of pts and controls at all time-points yet the latter overlapped regardless of treatment status and length of cART. Lefse analyses (LDS >2.0) in HIV+ showed a significant increase of Veillonellaceae at T12 (p=0.007) and T24 (p=0.001) Desulfovibrionaceae at T24 (p=0.022) and Prevotellaceae at T24 (p=0.018). Further, many differences between pts and controls was detected in HIV+ .
This persistent dysbiosis was associated with the continuous mucosal damage, despite cART introduction: I-FABP were positively correlated with Veillonellaceae both at T12 (r2=0.197; p=0.030;) and T24 (r2=0.156; p=0.017). Interestingly, when we stratified patients according to cART regimens, we found that only NNRTI-based therapy significantly reduced richness (observed: p=0.038; Chao1: p=0.006), but not evenness indexes over time. Furthermore, the relative abundance analyses showed a different profile at both family and genus levels, with NNRTI-based regimens significantly reducing the families of Coriobacteriaceae, Peptococcaceae and increasing the Veillonellaceae family. On the opposite, INSTI-based regimens resulted in decreased Peptococcaceae and increased Veillonellaceae families, as well as in higher Allisonella genus. No major effects following PI-based regimens were detected; no modifications about gut persistence score analysis as well as predicted functional metagenomic pathway analysis were found.
Plasma microbiota analyses revealed no major changes of relative abundance parameters during cART and in comparison with uninfected controls. Decreased alpha-diversity was nonetheless found in HIV+ compared to controls (Shannon: p=0.02, Simpson: p=0.009) and persisted both at T12 and T24.
CONCLUSIONS HIV-related modifications of the microbiota occur within the GI tract and not in the blood and are minimally affected by long-term effective cART, despite evidence of the containment of gut inflammation. These data suggest the ability of the virus to irreversibly impact the microbiological core of chronically-infected individuals.
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Raza, G. S. (Ghulam Shere). "The role of dietary fibers in metabolic diseases." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223032.
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Abstract Obesity and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, and musculoskeletal disorders. In prevention, the major goal is to limit calorie consumption and to reduce LDL-C and triglyceride. Dietary fiber (DF) intake is inversely related to body weight gain, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and CVD. This thesis investigated the effects of the DFs polydextrose (PDX) and lignin-rich insoluble residue (INS) from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) on lipid metabolism and obesity in diet-induced obese mice. In study 1, PDX was investigated on lipid metabolism in Western-diet-fed mice. We found that PDX reduced fasting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride, food intake, and increased bacteria such as Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium and Coriobacteriaceae in the gut. These changes in the gut microbiota with PDX were associated with downregulation of the genes Fiaf, Dgat1 and Cd36, and upregulation of Fxr in the intestine. We suggest that the hypolipidemic effect of PDX is exerted via diet-induced modification of gut microbiota and gene expression. In study II, INS from BSG was studied for its degradation products in mice fed with a fiber-deficient diet. We found that INS was partially degraded by gut microbiota and contributed to the phenolic pool. The major metabolite in mouse urine was 4-methylcatechol, a degradation product of lignin. In study III, the effects of INS from BSG were studied on lipid metabolism and obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice. INS showed hypocholesterolemic effects, reduced body weight and hepatic steatosis, and increased bacterial diversity, Clostridium leptum, and Bacteroides. INS increased bile acid excretion in the feces and upregulated the genes Srebp2, Hmgcr, Ldlr, Cyp7a1, Pparα, Fxr and Pxr in the liver. The present results suggest that INS from BSG induced beneficial systemic changes via bile acid and gut microbiota. In study IV, PDX was investigated for food intake and appetite-related parameters in healthy and overweight females in an acute study. A midmorning preload of 12.5 g PDX reduced hunger by 31.4% during satiation period while there was no significant change in energy intake compared to placebo. In addition, PDX lowered plasma insulin significantly, by 15.7%, and increased GLP-1 by 39.9%. PDX may reduce appetite, but a larger trial would be neededTiivistelmä Liikalihavuus ja rasvatasapainon häiriöt ovat riskitekijöitä sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien, tyypin 2 diabeteksen, syövän sekä luuston ja lihaksiston sairauksien kehittymiseen. Näiden sairauksien ehkäisyssä pääasiallisena tavoitteena on vähentää energiansaantia, LDL-kolesterolia ja triglyseridejä. Ruoan ravintokuitujen saannin on osoitettu olevan yhteydessä painon ja plasman rasvatasojen laskuun sekä sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien vähenemiseen. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin ravintokuitu polydekstroosin (PDX) ja viljanjyvien prosessoinnista ylijäävän (BSG, brewer’s spent grain) ligniinipitoisen liukenemattoman sivutuotteen (INS) merkitystä rasva-aineenvaihduntaan ja aineenvaihduntasairauksiin liikalihavilla hiirillä. Tutkimuksessa I tarkasteltiin ravintokuitu PDX:n vaikutusta rasvojen aineenvaihduntaan länsimaisella ruokavaliolla ruokituilla hiirillä. Tutkimus osoitti, että ruokavalioon lisätty PDX alensi plasman kolesteroli- ja triglyseriditasoja paastossa sekä hillitsi ravinnonottoa ja lisäsi Allobaculum-, Bifidobacterium- ja Coriobacteriaceae-suolistobaktereja. Nämä suolistomikrobiston muutokset ovat yhteydessä Fiaf, Dgat1 ja Cd36 -geenien ilmentymistasojen laskuun ja Fxr -geenin ilmentymistason nousuun PDX-lisäruokittujen hiirien suolistossa. PDX:n hypolipideeminen vaikutus näyttäisi välittyvän ruokavaliosta johtuvan suoliston geenien ilmentymisen ja suolistomikrobiston muuttumisen kautta. Tutkimuksessa II tarkasteltiin runsaasti ligniiniä sisältävän INS:n hajoamistuotteiden vaikutusta aineenvaihduntaan hiirillä, joiden ruokavaliossa on vähemmän kuitua. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että suolistomikrobit hajottivat ravintokuitu INS:n osittain fenoliyhdisteiksi verenkiertoon. INS lisäsi virtsassa 4-metyylikatekolin määrää, joka on ligniinin hajoamistuote. Tutkimuksessa III tarkasteltiin INS-lisäyksen vaikutusta rasva-aineenvaihduntaan ja liikalihavuuteen korkearasvapitoisella ruokavaliolla ruokituilla hiirillä. Tulokset osoittivat, että INS-lisäys ruokavalioon alensi kolesterolia ja eläimen painoa sekä vähensi maksan rasvoittumista ja lisäsi vallitsevien bakteerien monimuotoisuutta, Clostridium leptum- ja Bacteroides -bakteereja. INS lisäsi sappihappojen erittymistä ulosteeseen ja Srebp2, Hmgcr, Ldlr, Cyp7a1, Pparα, Fxr ja Pxr -geenien ilmentymistä maksassa. Tuloksemme osoittivat, että BSG-ylijäämätuotteesta saatu ligniinipitoinen INS sai aikaan hyödyllisiä systeemisiä vaikutuksia suoliston mikrobiston ja sappihappojen muutosten kautta. Tutkimuksessa IV tarkasteltiin PDX:n vaikutusta ravinnonottoon ja ruokahaluun vaikuttaviin muuttujiin normaalipainoisilla ja liikalihavilla naisilla akuutissa tutkimuksessa. Tulosten mukaan ravintokuitu PDX:n nauttiminen aamiaisella vähensi näläntunnetta (31,4 %) seuraavalla aterioinnilla, kun taas plasebolla ei ollut vaikutusta. Lisäksi PDX alensi merkitsevästi insuliinitasoa (15,7 %) ja nosti GLP-1-tasoa (39,9 %). PDX vaikuttaisi vähentävän ruokahalua, mutta lisätutkimuksia tarvitaan
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Borey, Marion. "Effets de l’alimentation végétale sur les capacités digestives de la truite arc-en-ciel et sur le microbiote associé à sa muqueuse digestive en fonction de son génotype." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3008/document.
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La pression sur les quotas de pêche et l’augmentation de la production aquacole ont contribué à une substitution importante des farines et des huiles de poisson incorporées dans les aliments pour poissons carnivores, par des farines et des huiles végétales. La truite arc-en-ciel, qui est un poisson carnivore, est affectée par ce changement de régime. Ainsi un retard de croissance apparaît dès le plus jeune stade si certaines transformations et supplémentations ne sont pas apportées aux végétaux. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’évaluer, aux stades alevins et juvéniles, l’impact d’une substitution totale des huiles et farines de poisson sur le tractus digestif de la truite arc-en-ciel, et plus particulièrement sur ses capacités digestives et sur la composition de son microbiote intestinal. Le but in fine étant de déterminer si certaines enzymes de la digestion, transporteurs intestinaux, ou sous-communautés bactériennes sont impactés par le changement de régime et peuvent expliquer le retard de croissance observé. Chacun de ces facteurs ont été étudiés via une approche de métagénomique par séquençage de nouvelle génération NGS pour la caractérisation du microbiote, et via de la PCR quantitative et des mesures d’activités enzymatiques pour la comparaison des capacités digestives. Des lignées isogéniques de truites, identifiées comme divergentes dans leur réponse à l’alimentation végétale (capables d’adaptation ou réfractaires) ont permis de disposer d’un matériel biologique pertinent pour répondre à cette question. Une modification du microbiote intestinal associé à la muqueuse digestive pourrait également contribuer à la baisse de l’homéostasie intestinale. Le changement de régime conduit en effet à une équitabilité plus faible chez les truites ayant reçue un aliment végétal, ce qui reflète un changement dans la représentativité de certains OTUs. Ce changement de régime s’est également traduit par des communautés dissimilaires en moyenne à 70 %, d’après l’estimation de la β-diversité entre les communautés de truites nourries avec l’aliment marin et celles nourries avec l’aliment végétal. La sélection opérée par l’aliment a conduit à un remplacement des OTUs rencontrés au sein des Firmicutes, c’est-à-dire que différentes espèces bactériennes de Firmicutes sont rencontrées suivant le régime considéré. La comparaison de communautés bactériennes entre les différentes lignées isogéniques a montré que la sélection opérée par le génotype de l’hôte a davantage eu lieu sur le remplacement des β-Protéobactéries. Enfin, les comparaisons d’abondances en certaines espèces bactériennes particulières suggèrent que les bactéries Cetobacterium somerae, capables de synthétiser de la vitamine B12, et Shewanella, dont l’implication dans la stimulation des cellules β du pancréas endocrine a déjà été observée chez d’autres espèces, pourraient être impliquées dans la réponse métabolique des truites aux végétaux. Les modifications identifiées dans ce travail constituent des indicateurs biologiques qui pourront être mis à profit pour évaluer la réponse du tractus digestif des truites à de nouvelles formules alimentairesOver-fishing pressure and increasing aquaculture production led to an important substitution of fish oil and fish meal with oil and meal from plant origin in feed meant for farming fish. However this replacement has some deleterious incidence on fish. For rainbow trout, which are carnivorous fish, some growth delay often appears from the early life stages when they are fed with plant based diet. The aim of this work was to assess, at alevin and juvenile stages, the impact of a total replacement of fish meal and oil on rainbow trout gastrointestinal tract, and more particularly on the digestive capacity and the associate microbiota. The objective, in fine, being to determine if some digestive enzymes, intestinal transporters, or bacterial communities are impacted by the dietary replacement and if these biological factors can be related to the observed growth delay. Metagenomic approach using next generation sequencing was used to characterize the gut bacterial communities, while digestive capacity was assessed through quantitative PCR and enzymatic measurements in order to compare rainbow trout responses to a plant-based diet. In our investigations, rainbow trout isogenic lines that diverge in their response to this alternative diet (tolerant or rather reluctant) were adopted because they constitute a pertinent biological material for answering this question.In alevin rainbow trout, a plant-based diet led to an increase of pepsinogen, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen genes which codes for proteolitic enzymes. Two main assumptions can explain this response, and their effectivness remains to investigate: wether this is a physiological response due to a lower weight of trout fed with the plant-based diet, or so it is due to an increase transcritpion of pancreatic enzymes to compensate for a reduction of protein digestibility. In the intestine, it appears that an increase transcription of IAP, SGLT1, CCK-t, and PEPT1 genes, and a decrease transcription of GLUT2 gene under a plant-based diet could reflect a disability to grow under a vegetable diet.In juvenile rainbow trout, a plant-based diet led to a decrease of lipid digestibility, and of triglycerides and total amino acid plasmatic levels. These perturbations could be explained in part by a decrease of the phosphatase alkaline activity, which suggest perturbancesof intestinal homeostasis, and by a decrease of phospholipase A2 activity. Transcriptional decrease of the triglycerides transporter MTP and of the prolidase, which is a peptidase from intestinal cell cytosol, has also been observed. Some modification of the microbiota associated to the intestinal mucosa could also contribute to the decrease of the intestinal homeostasis. The dietary replacement effectively led to reduce evenness of the bacterial communities in trout fed with a plant-based diet, which reflected a shift in the representativeness of some OTUs. Bacterial community from trout fed with a marine diet and trout fed with a plant-based diet were on average 70 % dissimilar. Dietary substitution led to the replacement of OTUs from the Firmicutes class, different bacterial species being observed according to the considered diet. The comparison of bacterial community between the isogenic lines showed that the genotype led to the replacement of β-Proteobacteria. Finally, abundance comparison suggested that Cetobacterium somerae, which is able to synthesise vitamin B12, and Shewanella, which has already been reported to stimulate pancreatic β cells, could be implicated in the trout response to vegetable.Modifications observed in this work constitute biological indicator that could be used to assess the response of the digestive tract to future feed formulations
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Cresswell, Neil. "Growth and activity of Streptomycetes and their potential for plasmid transfer in soil microcosms." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261604.
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Prével, Renaud. "Mécanismes de dissémination des Entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamase à spectre élargi en médecine intensive réanimation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0315.
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Introduction : En Europe, les entérobactéries productrices de bêta-lactamases à spectre élargi (E-BLSE) sont les principales bactéries pourvoyeuses d’antibiorésistance, à l’origine de difficutés thérapeutiques, notamment en réanimation. L’étude des mécanismes de dissémination de ces E-BLSE comprenant les mécanismes de transmission de colonisation et de lien colonisation-infection est nécessaire afin d’en maitriser la diffusion. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le rôle des disséminations clonale et plasmidique ainsi que celui du microbiote digestif dans la disséminaion de la colonisation digestive à E-BLSE et dans le lien-colonisation infection.Matériels et Méthodes : Les isolats E-BLSE colonisant et infectant les patients admis en service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation de l’hôpital Pellegrin entre janvier et mai 2015 ont été collectés. L’analyse de la dissémination clonale a été réalisée par pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. L’analyse de la dissémination plasmidique a été réalisée par détermination polymerase-chain reaction des groupes d’incompatibilité plasmidique. L’analyse du microbiote a été faite à partir du recueil de selles par écouvillon rectal. Les régions V3-V4 de la région codant pour l’ARN16S ribosomal et la région ITS2 ont été séquencées. L’assignation a été faite suivant le pipe-line DADA-2 et les analyses à l’aide du logiciel R version 3.6.0.Résultats : Sur 608 patients dépistés, 55 (9%) étaient porteurs rectaux d’une E-BLSE, 49 (8%) dès leur admission et 6 (1%) l’ont acquise en réanimation. Sur ces 6 patients, un seul cas de dissémination clonale a été retrouvé. Sur ces 55 patients colonisés, 38 ont été infectés dont seulement 6 (16%) par une E-BLSE, par le même clone que celui colonisant. Le fait d’être porteur rectal d’E-BLSE avait une valeur prédictive positive de 40% et une valeur prédictive négative de 100% pour le fait d’avoir une pneumopathie acquise sous ventilation mécanique. Les plasmides associés aux gènes codant pour les enzymes BLSE étaient les plasmides classiquement décrits sans qu’il ne soit trouvé de plasmide hégémonique. L’influence des plasmides sur le lien colonisation-infection n’a pas été étudiée. Lors de l’étude du microbiote intestinal, il n’y avait pas de différence observée de diversité alpha ni de diversité bêta entre les bactériobiotes et les mycobiotes des patients colonisés à E-BLSE et ceux des patients non colonisés. Il n’y avait pas non plus de différence de diversité alpha ni de diversité bêta entre les bactériobiotes des patients infectés à E-BLSE par rapport à ceux non infectés à E-BLSE parmi les patients colonisés à E-BLSE. En revanche, il existait une différence statistiquement significative de diversité alpha entre les mycobiotes des patients infectés à E-BLSE par rapport à ceux non infectés à E-BLSE parmi les patients colonisés à E-BLSE.Conclusion : La dissémination clonale semble avoir un rôle limité dans la dissémination de la colonisation digestive à E-BLSE mais participer au lien entre colonisation et infection. Notre étude ne permet pas de conclure sur le rôle de la dissémination plasmidique. Enfin, des altérations qualitatives des bactériobiotes et des mycobiotes digestifs sont associées à la colonisation par une E-BLSE. Le passage de la colonisation à l’infection par une E-BLSE pourrait s’expliquer par l’ajout d’altérations quantitatives des bactériobiotes et mycobiotes digestifs. De futures études incluant de plus nombreux patients et analysant les microbiotes associés à la colonisation par les différentes espèces d’E-BLSE permettrait de préciser les modifications du microbiote associées à la colonisation et aux infections à E-BLSE. En cas de résultat significatif, des tentatives de décolonisation digestive d’E-BLSE pourraient être menées par des probiotiques « sur mesure ».Mots clés : antibiorésistance, bêta-lactamase à spectre élargi, plasmides, microbiote intestinalIntroduction: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-E) are a leading cause of antimicrobial resistance dissemination in Europe. ESBL-E can lead to inadequate antimicrobial treatment, especially in intensive care units (ICU). A better understanding of ESBL-E mechanisms of dissemination, including colonization diffusion and the link between colonization and infection, is needed to improve ESBL-E containment. The aims of this work are to investigate the roles of clonal and plasmidic disseminations and of gut microbiota in ESBL-E spread.Materiels and Methods: ESBL-E isolates from ICU patients between January and May 2015 were collected. Clonal dissemination was assessed by mean of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and plasmidic one by mean of incompatibility groups determination by polymerase-chain reaction. Microbiota analysis were performed on rectal swabs by 16SrRNA coding gene and ITS2 coding gene sequencing. Assignation was performed thanks to DADA-2 pipe-line and statistical analysis on Phyloseq R package (version 3.6.0).Results: Among 508 screened patients, 55 (8%) were ESBL-E fecal carriers, 49 (8%) imported- and 6 (1%) acquired-fecal carriage. Among those 6 patients who acquired ESBL-E fecal carriage in ICU, only one case of cross-transmission was found. Among those 55 ESBL-E fecal carriers, 38 were infected during their stay in ICU but only 6 (16%) had a subsequent ESBL-E infection. To be an ESBL-E fecal carrier had a positive predictive value of 40% and a negative predictive value of 100% to have a subsequent ESBL-E ventilator-associated pneumonia. ESBL genes carrying plasmids were those usually described and we did not find any hegemonic plsmid. The plasmidic impact on the link between ESBL-E colonization and subsequent ESBL-E infection was not assessed. We did not find any difference regarding gut bacteriobiota and mycobiota alpha and beta diversities based on ESBL-E carriage status and regarding gut bacteriobiota based on subsequent ESBL-E infection. We found a statistically significant difference regarding gut mycobiota alpha diversity but not beta diversity based on subsequent ESBL-E infection.Conclusion: Clonal dissemination seems to be involved in the link between ESBL-E carriage and subsequent ESBL-E infection but poorly in ESBL-E cross-transmission. Our results do not permit to draw any conclusion regarding plasmidic dissemination. Qualitative alterations of gut microbiota could participate to ESBL-E fecal carriage but further studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms. Further quantitative alterations seem to be associated with the occurrence of subsequent ESBL-E infections but, once again, further studies are nedded to decipher the causative mechanisms. These studies could pave the way to tailored probiotics to eradicate ESBL-E fecal carriage
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Correa, Alex da Silva. "Avaliação da microbiota endofítica de citros com potencial antagônico no controle biológico de Guignardia citricarpa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14718.
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Diversas espécies de fungos e de bactérias constituem a microbiota endofítica nas plantas cítricas. Interações simbióticas, sinérgicas ou antagônicas, fazem parte do cotidiano das relações entre esses microorganismos endofíticos e seus hospedeiros. Nos últimos anos, os microorganismos endofíticos vêm despertando grande interesse devido ao seu potencial de utilização como fármacos e principalmente no controle biológico. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a identificação de microorganismos endofíticos com potencial antagônico a Guignardia citricarpa na cultura do citros, em pomares orgânicos. Inicialmente foram feitos isolamentos através da assepsia de ramos, folhas e frutos de diferentes variedades de citros em manejo orgânico através do plaqueamento de segmentos dos tecidos em meio de cultura BDA. Diversos microorganismos endofíticos foram obtidos. O pareamento em placas de Petry dos diferentes microorganismos possibilitou a identificação de bactérias com potencial antagônico a G. citricarpa. isolados de Trichoderma ssp. também estavam presentes na comunidade endofítica, Trichoderma ssp. é utilizado no controle biológico por parasitar diferentes fitopatógenos. Inoculações dos endófitos foram feitas em casa de vegetação e em campo, possibilitando a seleção de microorganismos promissores para a utilização em grande escala no controle de G. citricarpa. A compreensão dos mecanismos biológicos e moleculares dessas diferentes interações nos possibilitará um melhor e mais adequado manejo desses diferentes microorganismos em sistemas de cultivo mais sustentáveis.Several species of fungi and bacteria are endophytic microorganism in citrus plants. symbiotic, synergistic or antagonistic Interactions, are part of the daily lives of relations among these endophytic microorganisms and their hosts. In the last years, the endophytic microorganisms have been arousing great interest because of their potential use as drugs, and mainly on biological control. The aim of this study was the identify endophytic microorganisms with antagonistic potential to Guignardia citricarpa on citrus cultures in organic orchards. Initially isolates were made through aseptic of branches, leaves and fruits of different varieties of citrus through the plating of segments tissue in PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Several endophytic microorganisms were obtained. The pairied cultivation, in Petry dishes, of different microorganisms, allowed the identification of bacteria with potential antagonism to G. citricarpa. Trichoderma sp. isolates also were present in the endophytic community. Trichoderma sp. is widely used in biological control as a parasite on different phytopathogens. Endophytic inoculations were made in a greenhouse and in the field. These inoculations allowed the selection of promising microorganisms for the use in large scale for control of G. Citricarpa. The understanding of biological and molecular mechanisms of these different interactions will enable a better and more appropriate management of these microorganisms in different and more sustainable cropping systems.
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Monteiro, Catarina Isabel Loureiro. "Estudo do microbioma no sémen em casos e controlos de infertilidade." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15482.
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Mestrado em Bioquímica - Bioquímica ClínicaA infertilidade é uma condição comum que afeta cerca de 15% dos casais em idade reprodutiva, na qual os fatores masculinos, quer isoladamente ou em combinação com fatores femininos, desempenham um papel preponderante. Embora na maioria dos indivíduos a principal causa subjacente a esta patologia ainda é considerada como idiopática, é atribuído às infeções agudas e crónicas do trato geniturinário masculino uma contribuição significativa. As doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) causadas por Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Ureaplasma urealyticum e outros agentes infeciosos, tais como vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) e vírus herpes simplex (HSV1-2), têm um impacto global a nível mundial e são frequentemente associadas a efeitos negativos na espermatogénese, na função dos espermatozoides e na qualidade do plasma seminal. Nas últimas décadas, vários outros microrganismos existentes no corpo humano, como parte das comunidades microbianas, têm sido associados a diversas patologias, incluindo a infertilidade masculina. Este trabalho tem, por isso, como objetivo detetar e avaliar a prevalência de reconhecidos agentes de DST, bem como de outros microrganismos com um possível efeito desconhecido em casos (asteno, oligo, teratozoospermia e hiperviscosidade) e controlos de infertilidade. Para este efeito, foram usadas técnicas de PCR para avaliar a presença/ausência de sete agentes de DST e, numa segunda fase, as regiões hipervariáveis do gene ribossomal 16S foram analisadas por clonagem e sequenciação de Sanger ou por sequenciação em massa de modo a identificar outros agentes infeciosos. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas na prevalência de agentes de DST entre casos e controlos, no entanto, o agente N. gonorrhoeae foi encontrado apenas nos casos de infertilidade, com uma frequência de 2%. Os dados da sequenciação do gene 16S demonstraram a existência de uma grande comunidade de bactérias no plasma seminal, tendo sido identificados mais de 200 géneros sendo os mais prevalentes Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Peptoniphilus, Propionibacterium e Haemophilus. Assim, os resultados atuais apoiam a existência de um nível de variabilidade microbiana inter-individual e sugerem uma diferenciação subtil do fenótipo de hiperviscosidade em relação aos controlos. Neste fenótipo, não só a prevalência do filo Proteobacteria está enriquecida como foram identificados microrganismos com potencial efeito patogénico Klebsiella, Acinetobacter e Facklamia acompanhados de uma diminuição de géneros protetores como Lactobacillus.
Infertility is a common condition that affects approximately 15% of couples trying to conceive, and where male factors, either alone or in combination with female factors, are estimated to play an important role. Although in most individuals the underlying causes of this pathology are still considered idiopathic, acute and chronic infections of male genitourinary tract are thought to have a significant contribution. Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Ureaplasma urealyticum and other infectious agents, such as human papiloma virus (HPV) and herpes simplex viruses (HSV1-2), have a global impact worldwide and are often associated with negative effects on spermatogenesis, sperm function and semen quality. In the last decades, several other microorganisms existing in the human body as part of complex microbial communities have been associated with different pathologies including male infertility. This work aims to detect and evaluate the prevalence of recognized STD agents and other unsuspected microorganisms in infertility cases (astheno, oligo, teratozoospermia and hyperviscosity) and controls. For this purpose PCR techniques were used to evaluate the presence/absence of seven STD agents and hypervariable regions of 16S ribosomal gene were analyzed by cloning and Sanger sequencing or by high-throughput sequencing of pooled samples to identify other infectious agents. The results showed no significant differences between the prevalence of STD agents in infertile cases and controls, nonetheless the N. gonorrhoeae was found only in infertility cases at a 2% frequency. The data from the 16S gene sequencing demonstrated that there is a large community of bacteria in semen. More than 200 genera were identified, whereas Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Peptoniphilus, Propionibacterium and Haemophilus were the most abundant. Even though the current findings seem to support some level of interindividual microbiome variability, the data also suggests a subtle differentiation of the hyperviscosity phenotype from controls. Not only by the enriched frequency of the Proteobacteria phylum in this phenotype as well as the higher prevalence of infectious Klebsiella, Facklamia and Acinetobacter microorganisms and the lower abundance of Lactobacillus protective bacteria.
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Ahumada, Albornoz Rodrigo Andrés. "Caracterización de la microbiota en la producción de un vinagre tipo balsámico de tuna púrpura." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116114.
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Tesis presentada para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención
Producción Agroindustrial y al Título de Ingeniero AgrónomoTesis no autorizada por el autor para estar disponible el texto completo en línea
La utilización de nuevas materias primas para la elaboración de productos y la búsqueda constante de alternativas para su consumo, hace que la fabricación de condimentos alimentarios o vinagres representen una opción y la base para nuevos productos de calidad. A pesar de la relevancia actual del vinagre, hay pocas investigaciones con respecto al vinagre de tuna. El interés de las bacterias acéticas es cada vez mayor en la elaboración de un vinagre. Las bacterias acéticas pueden aportar un carácter particular al producto final y mediante técnicas moleculares se pueden identificar y así asociar a atributos organolépticos del vinagre. El objetivo principal de esta investigación, fue caracterizar la microbiota de un vinagre tipo balsámico de tuna púrpura obtenido con diversos inóculos y determinar las características organolépticas otorgadas por estos, durante la acetificación. El jugo de tuna, se concentró a 20°Brix y se fermentó con levaduras vínicas (Saccharomyces cereviceae) durante 5 días, luego se detuvo a los 9°GL mediante un golpe de frío, deteniendo la actividad de las levaduras. Posteriormente el mosto alcohólico de tuna se acetificó con tres diferentes inóculos: de tuna, de vino y de una cepa acética. Una vez finalizada la acetificación se realizaron análisis físicos, químicos y sensoriales, además de identificación molecular. La identificación se realizó mediante técnicas moleculares a nivel de especie (PCR-RFLP 16S rRNA). Las especies identificadas en los inóculos de tuna y vino fueron Gluconacetobacter hansenii y Acetobacter cerevisiae, respectivamente, las cuales predominaron durante todo el proceso de acetificación. Sensorialmente, los tratamientos no presentaron diferencias significativas, sin embargo, existe una leve tendencia a la preferencia de los vinagres balsámicos obtenidos con los inóculos de tuna y vino.
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Zagnoli, Irene. "Uso del gas plasma per l'inattivazione di listeria monocytogenes in sistema modello e vegetali." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9409/.
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Negli ultimi anni è aumentato l’interesse dell’industria verso lo sviluppo di tecnologie alternative ai trattamenti tradizionali degli alimenti. Tra le varie tecnologie non termiche troviamo il gas plasma.
Il plasma è un gas ionizzato neutro, composto da diverse particelle. I principali agenti responsabili dell’azione battericida sembrano essere le specie reattive dell’ossigeno e dell’azoto, causando danni alle cellule microbiche. Recentemente si sta studiando l’“acqua plasmata attivata”.
L’obiettivo generale di questa tesi è stato quello di verificare se trattamenti al plasma di soluzioni saline (NaCl 0.9%) possano “attivarle” dotandole di attività battericida nei confronti di un ceppo di Listeria monocytogenes (ceppo 56 Ly) e di stabilire se il materiale con cui sono costruiti gli elettrodi di un generatore di plasma del tipo DBD, possa influenzare l’efficacia delle soluzioni trattate. Si sono pertanto effettuati trattamenti al plasma di soluzioni saline utilizzando elettrodi di differenti materiali: vetro, ottone, acciaio, argento; le soluzioni così ottenute sono state analizzate in termini chimici, e se ne è valutata l’azione decontaminante nei confronti di Listeria monocytogenes 56 Ly nello stesso sistema modello e, in via preliminare, in sistema reale rappresentato da carote julienne deliberatamente contaminate con L. monocytogenes.
Dai risultati ottenuti si è visto che la sensibilità di L. monocytogenes 56Ly alle soluzioni acquose trattate al plasma è influenzato sia dal tipo di materiale dell’elettrodo, sia dal tempo di esposizione. L’acciaio si è rivelato il materiale più efficace.
Per quanto concerne il sistema reale, il lavaggio con acqua plasmata per 60 minuti ha determinato un livello di inattivazione di circa 1 ciclo logaritmico analogamente a quanto ottenuto con la soluzione di ipoclorito.
In conclusione, i risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato una minore efficacia dei trattamenti al plasma quando applicati ai sistemi reali, ma comunque il gas plasma ha delle buone potenzialità per la decontaminazione prodotti ortofrutticoli.
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Fort, Fort Nuri. "Improvement of heat-induced gel properties of porcine plasma." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7933.
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L'objectiu és millorar els gels de plasma porcí induïts per calor a pH àcid utilitzant transglutaminasa microbiana (MTGasa). El tractament millora textura i CRA dels gels a pH 5,5, però les millores no són suficients per recuperar les pèrdues degut a l'acidificació. L'estructura globular de les proteïnes dificulta l'atac enzimàtic. La reactivitat de l'enzim no millora amb l'addició de cisteïna a plasma amb MTGasa. El tractament del plasma amb MTGasa sota alta pressió (HP) millora la duresa dels gels. No obstant, la CRA només millora lleugerament. La duresa es pot incrementar mantenint les solucions de plasma pressuritzat sota refrigeració, encara que no millora la CRA. Es pot concloure que les pèrdues en la textura dels gels de plasma induïts per calor a pH àcid es poden recuperar parcialment tractant amb MTGasa, especialment afegint cisteïna o sota HP. Encara que la CRA només es veu lleugerament millorada en el segon cas.The objective of the thesis is to improve the heat-induced gel properties of porcine blood plasma at acid pH using microbial transglutaminase (MTGase). The enzymatic treatment enhances texture and WHC of plasma gels at pH 5.5, although increases are not enough to overcome loses on gelling properties. The globular structure of proteins can make the enzymatic attack difficult. The enzyme reactivity is not enhanced when cysteine is added to plasma treated with MTGase. Treating plasma with MTGase under HP increases hardness. However, WHC is only slightly modified. These achievements on hardness can be enhanced by holding pressurised-plasma solutions at refrigeration conditions. In contrast, it has no effects on WHC. Overall, losses in texture of heat-induced plasma gels at acid pH are recovered to an important degree by treating plasma with MTGase, especially with added cysteine or under HP conditions. However, their WHC is only slightly enhanced for the later.
Books on the topic "PLASMA MICROBIOTA"
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Saparrat, Mario Carlos Nazareno, Marcela Fabiana Ruscitti, and María Cecilia Arango, eds. Micorrizas arbusculares. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/99599.
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En la formación de los Ingenieros Agrónomos, Forestales y Biólogos, el conocimiento de la dinámica del suelo es fundamental para la toma de decisiones. La actividad microbiana influye sobre las características físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo, las cuales determinan la fertilidad de los agroecosistemas. Los hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares ejercen un papel fundamental sobre la biología de la planta y la calidad del suelo.
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Cañar Serna, Dubert Yamil, Luisa Alejandra Rugeles Barandica, Leidy Patricia Tibaduiza Castañeda, Hugo Rodolfo Jiménez Sabogal, Carolina González Almario, Germán A. Estrada-Bonilla, Ruth R. Bonilla Buitrago, et al. Conservación y manejo de la diversidad microbiana en los bancos de germoplasma para la alimentación y la agricultura en Colombia. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.analisis.7404845.
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Esta publicación hace parte de las acciones de promoción y divulgación del Banco de Germoplasma de Microorganismos en su interés de fortalecer capacidades técnicas, científicas y metodológicas en conservación, caracterización y uso de las colecciones a su cargo, además de promover condiciones para la interconectividad e interoperabilidad de estas. El conocimiento plasmado en este libro es producto de una trayectoria de años de investigación por parte de cada uno de los curadores, que han dejado su legado y sus enseñanzas en una acción de relevo generacional que esperamos que sea de gran ayuda tanto para los próximos curadores como para quienes buscan, en su hacer diario, aumentar y conservar la diversidad microbiana. Entregamos este libro como parte de una estrategia de gestión de conocimiento para garantizar y mantener un uso sostenible de la agrobiodiversidad y contribuir de forma eficiente al crecimiento económico del país.
Book chapters on the topic "PLASMA MICROBIOTA"
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Figueredo, Everthon Fernandes, and Maria Carolina Quecine. "Gene Knockout of Beneficial Plant-associated Bacillus spp. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 Double Plasmid System." In The Plant Microbiome, 173–91. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1040-4_15.
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Saji, Naoki, Kenta Murotani, Naoyuki Sato, Tsuyoshi Tsuduki, Takayoshi Hisada, Mitsuru Shinohara, Taiki Sugimoto, Shumpei Niida, Kenji Toba, and Takashi Sakurai. "Relationship Between Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain, Gut Microbiota, and Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study." In Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad220033.
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Background: Previous studies have demonstrated associations between gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and cognitive decline. However, relationships between these factors and neurofilament light chain (NfL; a disease-nonspecific biomarker of neural damage) remain controversial. Objective: To evaluate the associations between plasma NfL, gut microbiota, and cognitive function. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis of data from our prospective cohort study that was designed to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive function. Patients who visited our memory clinic were enrolled and demographics, dementia-related risk factors, cognitive function, brain imaging, gut microbiomes, and microbial metabolites were assessed. We evaluated the relationships between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolites, and plasma NfL. Moreover, the relationships between plasma NfL and cognitive function were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: We analyzed 128 participants (women: 59%, mean age: 74 years). Participants with high (above the median) plasma NfL concentrations tended to be older, women, and hypertensive and have a history of stroke, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Plasma NfL was also associated with cerebral small vessel disease. However, plasma NfL levels were not significantlycorrelatedwithgutmicrobialmetabolites.MultivariableanalysesrevealedthatahigherplasmaNfLconcentration was independently associated with the presence of dementia (odds ratio: 9.94, 95% confidence interval: 2.75–48.2, p < 0.001). Conclusion: High plasma NfL concentration was independently associated with the presence of dementia as previously reported. However, plasma NfL levels were not significantly correlated with gut microbial metabolites in this preliminary study.
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Saji, Naoki, Yoshihiro Saito, Tomoya Yamashita, Kenta Murotani, Tsuyoshi Tsuduki, Takayoshi Hisada, Taiki Sugimoto, Shumpei Niida, Kenji Toba, and Takashi Sakurai. "Relationship Between Plasma Lipopolysaccharides, Gut Microbiota, and Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study." In Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad220035.
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Background: Previous studies have demonstrated associations between gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and cognitive decline. However, relationships between these factors and lipopolysaccharides (LPS; molecules of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria) remain controversial. Objective: To evaluate associations between plasma LPS, gut microbiota, and cognitive function. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis of data of 127 participants (women: 58%, mean age: 76 years) from our prospective cohort study regarding the relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive function. We enrolled patients who visited our memory clinic and assessed demographics, dementia-related risk factors, cognitive function, brain imaging, gut microbiomes, and microbial metabolites. We evaluated relationships between cognitive decline and plasma LPS using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Plasma LPS concentration increased with increasing degree of cognitive decline and total cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) score (Kruskal-Wallis test; p = 0.016 and 0.007, respectively). Participants with high plasma LPS concentrations tended to have lower concentrations of gut microbial metabolites, such as lactic acid and acetic acid, and were less likely to consume fish and shellfish (44.7% versus 69.6%, p = 0.027) than those with low plasma LPS concentrations. Multivariable analyses revealed that plasma LPS concentration was independently associated with the presence of mild cognitive impairment in participants without dementia (odds ratio: 2.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–3.84, p = 0.007). Conclusion: In this preliminary study, plasma LPS concentration was associated with both cognitive decline and cerebral SVD and significantly correlated with beneficial gut microbial metabolites. Plasma LPS may be a risk factor for cognitive decline.
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Khatisashvili, Gia, Tamar Varazi, Maritsa Kurashvili, Marina Pruidze, Evgeni Bunin, Kakha Didebulidze, Tinatin Butkhuzi, et al. "Remedial Approaches against Arsenic Pollution." In Arsenic [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98779.
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The study is devoted to a very urgent and acute problem for Georgia – remediation/restoration of the arsenic (As) mining and storage sites. The approach of a given work is based on using capabilities of nature itself, which has a great adaptive potential to chemical environmental pollution. The aim of the study is to identify the bacterial strains from the endemic soil microbiota, characteristic to a specific localization of arsenic contaminated sites and able to resist to the toxicant. To determine the level of arsenic contamination, soil samples have been analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry method. The distribution of arsenic in soil samples splits them into categories according to the degree of contamination, ranging from 50 ppm to 13000 ppm. The local bacteria community has been studied using conventional cultivation method along with modern method of bioindication – a biochip. The low density biochip contains the relevant probes for the identification of the bacterial consortium in soil microbiota. Chemical and microbiological analysis was based on the standards and methodologies developed by International Standards Organizations – ISO and Environmental Protection Agency – EPA. It is prospected that bioremediation can become essential part of remediation against arsenic pollution in the context of circular economy.
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Barik, Shubham, Aritra Mukherjee, Angelina Job Kolady, Boda Karunakar, and Tony Grace. "Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and its Role in Cardiovascular Diseases." In Cardiovascular Diseases [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107976.
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Atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathological underpinning of numerous cardiovascular illnesses (CVDs), and it is the leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, researchers have begun to recognize the importance of gut microbiota in AS. Gut microbial dysbiosis has been reported to be connected with various CVDs. Moreover, dietary choline, betaine, and L-carnitine produce trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a key gut microbe-dependent metabolite. Multiple studies have found a link between plasma TMAO levels and the likelihood of developing AS. The mechanism underlying this link, however, is still unknown. In this chapter, we discuss the TMAO-mediated mechanisms of atherosclerotic CVD from the perspectives of dietary patterns and gut microbial metabolism. Finally, we explain how TMAO has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for CVDs, as well as many treatment options for lowering TMAO levels that are currently being investigated, such as medications, dietary changes, probiotics, and so on.
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Delik, Anıl, and Yakup Ülger. "Treatment Approach in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis." In Advances in Hepatology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96155.
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Chronic liver disease and decompensated cirrhosis are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. According to current data, deaths due to liver cirrhosis constitute 2.4% of the total deaths worldwide. Cirrhosis is characterized by hepatocellular damage that leads to fibrosis and regenerative nodules in the liver. The most common causes of cirrhosis include alcohol consumption, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dysbiosis and intestinal bacterial overgrowth play a role in the development of complications of cirrhosis through translocation. In liver cirrhosis, ascites, gastrointestinal variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis infection, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatocelluler carcinoma are the most common complications. In addition, there are refractory ascites, hyponatremia, acute on-chronic liver failure, relative adrenal insufficiency, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension. In the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding, non-selective beta blockers or endoscopic variceal ligation are recommended for medium and large variceal veins. In current medical treatment, vasoactive agents, antibiotics, blood transfusion, endoscopic band ligation are the standard approach in the treatment of acute variceal bleeding. Sodium-restricted diet, diuretics and large-volume paracentesis are recommended in the management of ascites. In the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose, branched chain amino acids, rifaximin and L-ornithine L-aspartate can be used. New therapeutic approaches such as ornithine phenyl acetate spherical carbon and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown beneficial effects on hepatic encephalopathy symptoms. In addition to their antioxidative, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, statins have been shown to reduce the risk of decompensation and death by reducing portal pressure in compensated cirrhosis. In the treatment of liver failure, some artificial liver devices such as molecular adsorbent recirculating system, the single albumin dialysis system, fractionated plasma separation and adsorption are used until transplantation or regeneration. The purpose of this chapter is to review the most up-to-date information on liver cirrhosis and to explain the complications assessment, current management and potential treatment strategies in decompensated cirrhosis.
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COUTO, T. R., and J. S. P. ARAUJO. "Relação planta-microrganismos endofíticos na cultura de tecidos vegetais." In Produção Animal e Vegetal: Inovações e Atualidades. Agron Food Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53934/9786599539633-30.
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O processo de micropropagação possibilita a maior rapidez regenerativa das plantas, facilitando a propagação mais rápida quando as tecnologias convencionais são difíceis. No entanto, a ocorrência de bons resultados na micropropagação depende da otimização de enumeras variáveis. Ao final, uma das principais dificuldades na micropropagação de plantas é a contaminação microbiana dos explantes in vitro, a qual afeta o desenvolvimento da planta pela competição dos nutrientes, ou exudando substâncias que acidificam o meio de cultura e ou liberando fitorreguladores. Um dos problemas enfrentados pelos laboratórios de cultura de tecidos vegetais é a contaminação microbiana e há grande dificuldade na identificação da fonte de inóculo e o seu controle. Os microrganismos encontrados na contaminação dos explantes provêm de uma vasta e diversificada escala de grupos ecológicos. Os endofíticos são organismos que em pelo menos uma fase do seu ciclo de vida, habitam o interior de tecidos da parte aérea de plantas assintomáticas, sendo denominados endófitos facultativos ou verdadeiros conforme o grau de interação dos mesmos com as plantas hospedeiras. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi explorar sobre os estudos de plantas in vitro associadas a microrganismos endofíticos e os efeitos dessa relação.
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Martindale, Valerie E. "Optimizing Cognitive PerformanceGenetic and Epigenetic Techniques." In Human Performance Optimization, 287–301. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455132.003.0013.
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Optimizing human cognitive performance by genetic and epigenetic means requires consideration of the goal and context of the desired cognitive performance. This chapter considers two examples to illustrate how optimization will depend on deciding what qualities are desired, defining such traits or phenotypes, and then considering the environment in which genes are expressed. The warrior/worrier gene provides a way to explore the alteration of a single gene with simple dominance. The most commonly desired genetic cognitive trait, intelligence, is considered as an example of a multigenic trait. The genetic techniques for optimization of human cognition are described using plasmid introduction, direct gene editing, and genetic alteration of the microbiome. The approval of three medical genetic therapies in 2017 indicates a high probability that genetic enhancement will become possible in less than 20 years.
Conference papers on the topic "PLASMA MICROBIOTA"
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Fernandez, Maria-Luz, Minu Thomas, Marissa Dibella, and Christopher Blesso. "Intake of 3 Eggs/Day or Equivalent Amount of Choline as Supplement for 4 Weeks Increases Plasma Choline Without Changing Plasma TMAO or Microbiota diversity in Participants with Metabolic Syndrome." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Nutrients - Nutritional and Microbiota Effects on Chronic Disease. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecn2020-07169.
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Albuquerque, Julia Berzoini, Débora Rodrigues Martins, Otávio Cosendey Martins, Vívian Maria De Oliveira Gomes, and Francis Moreira Borges. "TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA E ALTERAÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL Autores Julia Berzoini Albuquerque." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1170.
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Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um transtorno de neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por padrões repetitivos de comportamento e déficits na comunicação e interação social presentes desde a infância. Sua etiologia permanece inconclusiva, mas há indícios de influência genética e de fatores ambientais. Nesse contexto, o eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro apresenta papel importante, pois sintomas gastrintestinais ocorrem em cerca de 40-60% dos pacientes com TEA e alterações na microbiota podem prejudicar o desenvolvimento. Objetivos: Analisar a relação entre a disbiose intestinal e o Transtorno do Espectro Austista. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa através de busca eletrônica de artigos publicados entre 2017 e 2021, nas bases de dados PubMed e SciElo, sendo os descritores e operadores boleanos “Dysbiosis AND Autism Spectrum Disorder” e “Microbiota AND Autism Spectrum Disorder”. Foram contabilizados 359 artigos, e após triagem dos títulos e resumos, 10 trabalhos foram selecionados. Resultados: Observou-se, quanto às bactérias, aumento da razão Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, com significativa redução de Bacteroidetes e elevação nos níveis dos gêneros Collinsella e Desulfovibrio. Em relação aos fungos, a proporção de leveduras do gênero Candida em crianças com TEA é duas vezes maior que nas crianças com desenvolvimento típico e anticorpos anti- Candida albicans foram mais encontrados no plasma de crianças com TEA (36,5%) do que no do grupo controle (14,3%). Para as amostras fecais, constatou-se: maior presença de Lactobacillus spp. (68,8%) no grupo controle em relação ao grupo com TEA (27,7%); presença de leucócitos (14,9%) e leveduras (40,4%) no grupo com autismo e ausência destes no grupo controle; e abundância de Clostridium perfringens entre autistas (64,9%) em comparação aos neurotípicos (19,4%). Conclusão: Embora a relação entre a disbiose e o TEA seja descrita na literatura, alguns tópicos ainda permanecem em aberto, como a interferência de tratamentos com antimicrobianos, probióticos e transplante de microbiota fecal na melhora comportamental e o papel da microbiota fúngica nessas condições.
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Yavari Ramsheh, Mohammadali, Thong Cao, Omer Elneima, Hamish Mcauley, Vijay Mistry, Koirobi Haldar, Michael Barer, Leong Ng, and Christopher Brightling. "Association between microbiome and plasma proteome profile in COPD." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2702.
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Kredl, Jana, Kai Ptach, Jie Zhuang, and Juergen F. Kolb. "Operation of a cold DC operated air plasma jet for microbiol decontamination." In 2013 IEEE 40th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2013.6633403.
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Souza, Khaoanny De, Leandra Karpinski, and Patricia Dayane Carvalho Schaker. "BIOPROSPECÇÃO DE FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS DE KALANCHOE DAIGREMONTIANA COM ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/21.
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Introdução: Microrganismos endofíticos são considerados uma fonte promissora de metabólitos secundários com atividade biológica. Kalanchoe daigremontiana é uma planta de caráter invasor, reconhecida pelo acúmulo de substâncias bioativas, no entanto, a exploração da sua microbiota endofítica ainda é incipiente, tornando-a fonte promissora para bioprospecção microbiana. Objetivo: Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi isolar e caracterizar o potencial antioxidante de fungos endofíticos da espécie K. daigremontiana. Material e Métodos: Os isolados fúngicos endofíticos foram obtidos a partir de fragmentos de caule e raiz, os quais foram coletados, desinfectados superficialmente e colocados em placas de Petri contendo meio BDA suplementado ampicilina (50 µg/mL) e tetraciclina (50 µg/mL) a fim de evitar o crescimento bacteriano, e incubadas a 28 ± 1 °C durante 7 a 14 dias. As culturas fúngicas crescidas ao redor dos fragmentos foram isoladas por esgotamento e armazenadas utilizando o método Castellani. Para avaliação da atividade antioxidante, os isolados foram repicados em meio BDA e, em seguida, inoculados meio líquido CBD (caldo batata dextrose), e mantidos durante 7 dias sob agitação de 150 rpm, 28°C. O caldo fermentado foi utilizado para quantificação da atividade antioxidante utilizando o método de redução de absorbância pelo sequestro do radical livre •DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila). Os isolados com maior atividade foram identificados por meio do sequenciamento da região ITS. Resultados: Foram obtidos 30 isolados fúngicos, dos quais 15 foram recuperados em meio BDA após o período de armazenamento. O potencial antioxidante foi observado para todos os isolados, com destaque para os isolados 4 e 16, com atividades de 76,75% e 80,25% de sequestro do radical livre •DPPH , respectivamente. Ambos foram identificados como pertencentes à espécie Alternaria alternata, com 99,6% (isolado 4) e 98,8% (isolado 16) de identidade com sequências depositadas no banco de dados nr do NCBI. Conclusão: As linhagens obtidas poderão ser utilizadas para uma caracterização mais completa dos compostos bioativos, e são fontes promissoras para a descoberta e produção de novas moléculas naturais para aplicação biotecnológica.
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Maia, Júlio Eduardo Santana, Reginaldo De Camargo, Miguel H. Henrique Rosa Franco, and Bianca Stefani Arantes Leite. "USO DE ORGANOMINERAL ASSOCIADO A MICRORGANISMOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO E CONTROLE DE NEMATOIDES NA CULTURA DA SOJA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia Online. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/69.
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Introdução: A soja possui grande importância econômica para o Brasil e o mundo. O controle químico para nematoides na soja não é considerado o melhor método de manejo devido sua alta toxicidade ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, o controle biológico vem se destacando, através do uso de material orgânico e rizobactérias que promovem um melhor desenvolvimento de plantas e controle dos fitoparasitas. Objetivo: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e controle dos nematoides na cultura da soja na influência dos FOMs associados a microrganismos. Material e Métodos: O experimento foi realizado com solo arenoso, em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de DBC, com 7 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: OM granulado AGROCP 08-08-08 + Microrganismos (70 ml de solução microbiana para cada uma tonelada de fertilizante); OM farelado AGROCP 10-10-10 + Microrganismos (70 ml de solução microbiana para cada uma tonelada de fertilizante); OM granulado AGROCP 08-08-08; OM farelado AGROCP 10-10-10; Mineral convencional 18-18-18; Mineral convencional 18-18-18 + químico (600 ml/ha para o @Nimitz) e Mineral convencional 18-18-18 + biológico (200 g/ha para o @QUARTZO). Aos 75 dias após semeadura foram avaliados: altura de planta; diâmetro de colmo; massa fresca de parte aérea e raiz; massa seca de parte aérea e volume de raiz. Resultados: A presença do fertilizante organomineral colaborou para uma maior média nos valores referentes de desenvolvimento de plantas. Já para a massa seca da parte aérea das plantas, observou-se poucas diferenças entre os tratamentos. Para as variáveis diâmetro de colmo e massa verde de parte aérea, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. E para o controle de nematoides o resultado é inconclusivo, devido ao fato de que através de influências abióticas, no caso temperatura, a presença dos mesmos foi prejudicada. Conclusão: A aplicação do FOM na soja teve respostas positivas no desenvolvimento da cultura, tais como: maior peso de massa seca e altura de plantas. Aliado ao Bacillus apresentou bons resultados no crescimento das plantas. Para a variável controle de nematoide o estudo se demonstra inconclusivo isso porque devido a influências externas se impossibilitou a utilização dos dados.
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Fu, Benjamin C., Meredith AJ Hullar, Timothy W. Randolph, Adrian A. Franke, Kristine R. Monroe, Iona Cheng, Lynne R. Wilkens, et al. "Abstract 3268: Associations of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline, and betaine with the gut microbiome and biomarkers of inflammation and cardiometabolic risk in the Multiethnic Cohort." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3268.
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Frota, Arthur Daniel Lopes, and Bárbara De Iansã Santos Moura. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE ACTINOBACTÉRIAS ISOLADAS DA RIZOSFERA DE CYPERUS ARTICULATUS (PRIPRIOCA)." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/08.
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Introdução: As actinobactérias são bactérias cosmopolitas que ocupam majoritariamente o solo, onde inibem microrganismos patogênicos pelas plantas; o que atrai a comunidade cientifica para síntese de fármacos oriundos de compostos bioativos produzidos pelas plantas. A Cyperus articulatus (Priprioca) é uma planta amazônica conhecida por seu óleo essencial e usada na medicina tradicional como anti-inflamatório e outras moléstias. Objetivo: Conforme os dados supracitados, este trabalho objetivou agregar informações sobre actinobactérias isoladas da rizosfera de Cyperus articulatus (Priprioca), para servirem de material didático para futuras pesquisas no Laboratório de Microbiologia da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA). Material e métodos: O solo rizosférico de Cyperus articulatus (Priprioca) foi coletado na Fazenda Experimental da UFOPA (Latitude 2°28’ 01.28’’ e Longitude 54°49’ 45.32’’) no município de Santarém-PA. Para isolamento foram coletadas 10g de solo e solubilizado em 90 mL de tampão fosfato (PBS 1x) pH 7,0 sob agitação por 30 min e posteriormente ultrasonificação por 1 min e aquecimento em banho maria a 50ºC por 10 min. Foram obtidas as concentrações 10-1 a 10-5 , e em seguida 100μL das diluições 10^-3 , 10^-4 e 10^-5 foram semeadas em placas de Petri (15mmx90mm) contendo o meio ALA adicionado de Nistatina (100μg/mL). A caracterização cultural das linhagens foi realizada nos meios ISP nº1 ao nº5 e ALA, a 30°C por 14d para observação do micélio aéreo. Fora realizada a caracterização microscópica para determinar a formação da cadeia de esporos e a técnica de Coloração de Gram para determinar as propriedades químicas e físicas da parede celular das actinobactérias. Resultados: A maioria dos isolados apresenta bom crescimento nos meios acrescidos de sais minerais e altas concentrações de aminoácidos – ISP-2, ISP-3, ISP-4, ISP-5 e ALA -; o meio ISP-1 não dispõe de nutrientes suficientes para o desenvolvimento de todos os isolados. Estes dados estão de acordo com as características da maioria dos membros do grupo das actinobactérias, que cresce preferencialmente em meios acrescidos de sais minerais, aminoácidos, amido e caseína. Conclusão: Estes resultados mostram a diversidade da microbiota da rizosfera, sugerindo a necessidade de isolar e identificar, sobretudo, actinobactérias, devido ao grande potencial biotecnológico destas.
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Viana, Marcelino Gevilbergue, João Pedro Reinaldo De Araújo, and Louise Duarte Matias de Amorim. "Inibição do crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus em biofilme por ação do extrato bruto do metabólito de Fusarium sp." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-Line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1159.
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Introdução: Biofilmes bacterianos são responsáveis por infecções oportunistas e sistêmicas, sendo considerada a comunidade microbiana mais resistente a antibióticos. Objetivo: Avaliar in vitro a ação antimicrobiana do extrato bruto do metabólito de Fusarium sp. sobre biofilmes de S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Material e métodos: Fusarium sp foi obtido como endófito das folhas de Ziziphus joazeiro a partir do tratamento de desinfecção e sua identificação morfológica realizada a partir da coloração de esporos e comparação. A planta foi coletada no município de Rafael Fernandes, Rio Grande do Norte, feita sua identificação taxonômica e depositadas em exsicatas no laboratório de Biologia do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFRN) em Pau dos Ferros – RN. Fusarium sp. foi mantido em meio BDA, contendo antibiótico, e armazenado a 35º C por 48 horas. Após esse período foram retirados discos miceliais e adicionados em meio líquido BD por oito dias, sob agitação a 50 rpm, para a obtenção do metabólito. Para a obtenção dos biofilmes cepas ATCC de S. aureus e P. aeruginosa foram colocadas em meio líquido e em contato com biocupons por sete dias em agitação à 28ºC. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: 100, 150 e 200 µL do extrato bruto do metabólito de Fusarium sp., sendo adicionados a 300 mL de água destilada por duas horas de contato. Como controle negativo foi utilizada água destilada. A taxa de inibição foi calculada pela relação de absorbância. Não foi realizada a identificação molecular do metabólito. Resultados: A melhor taxa de inibição foi obtida para o tratamento de 200 µL sobre biofilmes de S. aureus, chegando a média de 70,5%. Não houve diferença estatística entre o controle e os demais tratamentos sobre biofilmes de P. aeruginosa. Conclusão: O extrato bruto do metabólito de Fusarium sp. demonstrou eficácia sobre o crescimento de S. aureus em biofilme no tempo avaliado.
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Muntyan, Victoria S., Alla S. Saksaganskaia, Alexey N. Muntyan, Mariia E. Vladimirova, and Marina L. Roumiantseva. "STRESS AND IMMUNITY OF NODULE BACTERIA SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI: LOCALIZATION, POLYMORPHISM AND PHYLOGENY OF GENETIC DETERMINANTS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s25.15.
Full textAbstract:
Sinorhizobium meliloti are agriculturally valuable species of soil bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with alfalfa plants. Global climate changes lead to an increase of agricultural areas subjected to salinity. Current knowledge about about high-salt stress impact on soil saprophitic root nodulated microsymbionts of legumes is weakly studied and rhizobia gene pool responsible for salt tolerance are fragment and far from clear. An increase of bacteria nonspecific resistance (immune status) to unfavorable stress factors can occur through the induction of defense mechanisms like restrictionmodification systems and CRISPR/cas systems which are aimed to protect bacteria cells from bacteriophages widespread in soil microbiome. The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of the megaplasmid pSymA in the formation of ecological genome of S. meliloti, which is related to stress tolerance and to determine the location of elements of adaptive immune systems protecting root nodule bacteria against external foreign DNA. The analysis was done on 11 genes, products of which involved in response to ion stress and synthesis of osmoprotectors. It was found that 6 out of 11 genes were found in the genomes of all analyzed S. meliloti strains, while it was not a case for other 5 genes. It was found that, unlike chromosome, megaplasmid I of S. meliloti accumulated copies of 4 from 5 genes, except kdpA gene, which is represented by a single copy and localized on megaplasmid I in all so far studied strains. It was predicted that closest phylogenetic relatives of genes whose products are involved in response to ion stress as well in synthesis of osmoprotectors are homologous genes of closely related S. medicae species. The exception was for betI2, for which the closest phylogenetic relative was homologous gene of Klebsiella pneumonia, and another exception is kdpA gene introduced onto megaplasmid-I from actinobacteria. Regarding elements of immune systems it was revealed that nonsymbiotic plasmids of S. meliloti harbored incomplete elements of RMS-I, -II, and - III systems, while the 4 complete RMS-IV systems were detected on a single plasmid. It was found out that corresponding methylases had similarities with similar enzymes detected in nitrogen-fixing strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Mezorhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp. CRISPR sequences were not detected on megaplasmid-I, while they were on chromosome, megaplasmid-II and on cryptic plasmids. So, it was concluded that megaplasmid-I of S. meliloti are enriched in copies of genes related to osmotic stress tolerance, but it role in immune status of rhizobia is requested further elucidation.