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Journal articles on the topic 'Plasma deposits'

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Published: 1 June 2024

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1

Hoshiyama, Yasuhiro, Kyouhei Yamaguchi, and Hidekazu Miyake. "Tungsten Carbide Dispersed High Cr-Ni Cast Iron Produced by Plasma Spraying." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.565.

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Fe-C-W-Cr-Ni alloy powder in diameter of 32-53 μm made by argon atomization was low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce high Cr-Ni cast iron base deposits with finely dispersed tungsten carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate was composed of γFe, αFe and carbide. The fine precipitates in the as-sprayed deposit were carbide. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1273 K, the carbide particles coarsened. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate had higher hardness than the heat-treated deposits. The wear resistance of the as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate was lower than that of heat-treated deposits. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate and heat-treated deposits had higher wear resistance than commercial stainless steel.
2

Meyer, Duane E., Natale J. Ianno, John A. Woollam, A. B. Swartzlander, and A. J. Nelson. "Growth of diamond by rf plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 3, no. 6 (December 1988): 1397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1988.1397.

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A system has been designed and constructed to produce diamond particles by inductively coupled radio-frequency, plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. This is a low-pressure, low-temperature process used in an attempt to deposit diamond on substrates of glass, quartz, silicon, nickel, and boron nitride. Several deposition parameters have been varied including substrate temperature, gas concentration, gas pressure, total gas flow rate, rf input power, and deposition time. Analytical methods employed to determine composition and structure of the deposits include scanning electron microscopy, absorption spectroscopy, scanning Auger microprobe spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Analysis indicates that particles having a thin graphite surface, as well as diamond particles with no surface coatings, have been deposited. Deposits on quartz have exhibited optical bandgaps as high as 4 5 eV. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that particles are deposited on a pedestal which Auger spectroscopy indicates to be graphite. This is a phenomenon that has not been previously reported in the literature.
3

Flores, Osvaldo. "LOW PRESSURE CH2Cl2 PLASMA DISCHARGE." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 8, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 2240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v8i3.1490.

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Glow discharge of dichloromethane (DCM) was investigated employing Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), while the electron temperature and electron density were measured using a double Langmuir probe. Deposits formed were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Photo Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The species identified by OES were the molecular bands of C2, C3, CH, H2, CH+, HCl+, Cl and C+. The material deposited displays a growing behavior. SEM observation shows several features which correspond to coalesce and growth mechanism. The characterization of the material deposited can explain the different stages of deposits that are formed on the electrode surface. Several factors are concerned in the complexity of the process, regarding the interaction of species formed during the plasma discharge. Involving several bonds types such as: C=C, C=C-CH2-Cl, C-C and CH.
4

Jhavar, S., C. P. Paul, and N. K. Jain. "Experimental investigation on geometrical aspects of micro-plasma deposited tool steel for repair applications." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 32 (January 2014): 1460347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514603470.

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Recent advancement in direct material deposition processes found wide applications in rapid prototyping, manufacturing and tooling industry. Micro-plasma deposition is one of the recent developments in this domain. This paper reports the deployment of newly integrated micro-plasma deposition system for the deposition of AISI P-20 tool steel on the AISI P20 tool steel substrate. A number of test tracks for single track deposition were deposited at the various combination of processing parameters. The sets of parameters yielding good deposits were selected to deposit overlap tracks. The geometry of single and overlapped tracks was evaluated to understand the parametric dependence. The study indicates that the aspect ratio of track geometry (ratio of width to height of track) is dependent on the processing parameters and the discharge current is identified as the most dominating parameters (contribution = 44%), followed by scan speed (contribution = 26.68%) and wire feed rate (contribution = 26.98%) with almost same effect. The microscopic study of the deposits indicates that the material deposited at the optimum processing parameters is free from surface and bulk defects. The estimated material properties are found to be at par with conventional processed material. This feasibility study proved that the micro-plasma deposition can be used for the generation of surfaces and multi-featured material deposition. It paved a way for the application of the process in die/mold repairs.
5

Hoshiyama, Yasuhiro, Kentaro Hirano, and Hidekazu Miyake. "Production of Rapidly Solidified Composite Deposits Based on Iron with Vanadium Carbide Particles by Plasma Spraying." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.841.

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In the thermal spraying process, spray material is heated, melted, and accelerated by a high temperature flame. Thermal spraying can produce thick materials that rapidly solidify, because the alloy droplets accumulate successively on the substrate and solidify at a cooling rate in the range of 105-108Ks-1. Depending on the cooling conditions of the substrate and on the alloy composition, deposits are produced with metastable phases or extremely fine crystalline phases. Thermal spraying is an attractive method for the production of composite deposits with fine particles formed in-situ. In particular, iron based alloy with vanadium carbide, is useful in metal molds and also in pump parts due to its high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance. In the present work, low-pressure plasma spraying of Fe-C-V/Ni-Mg and Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni/Ni-Mg blend powders were iron based composite deposits with finely dispersed vanadium carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit produced from Fe-C-V/Ni-Mg blend powder is composed of αFe and V8C7. The as-sprayed deposit produced from Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni/Ni-Mg blend powder is made up of γFe, αFe, V8C7 and Cr7C3. The fine precipitates of approximately 0.3μm in the as-sprayed deposit are carbide. With increasing the heat-treatment temperature up to 1273K, the carbide particles coarsen. The hardness of as-sprayed deposit produced from the Fe-C-V-Cr-Ni/Ni-Mg, which has many fine carbide precipitates, is the hardest of the deposits.
6

Hoshiyama, Yasuhiro, Tsutomu Miyazaki, and Hidekazu Miyake. "Production of Stainless Cast Iron Base Deposits with Dispersed Titanium Carbide Particles by Plasma Spraying." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1888.

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Fe-C-Ti-Cr-Ni alloy powder in diameter of 32-53 μm made by argon atomization is low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce stainless cast iron base deposits with finely dispersed titanium carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate consists of γFe, αFe, TiC and Cr3C2. Heat treatment of the as-sprayed deposit above 873 K results in the formation of Cr7C3. The fine precipitates of approximately 0.2 μm in the as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate are carbide. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate and deposits which are obtained by heat treatment of the as-sprayed deposit are composed of γFe, αFe, TiC, Cr3C2 and Cr7C3. As heat treatment temperature increases, carbide precipitates coarsen. The hardness of deposit decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature. The wear resistance of as-sprayed deposit formed on a non-cooled substrate was higher than that of the deposit heat-treated at 1273 K. The as-sprayed deposit and deposit heat-treated at 1273 K have higher wear resistance than a commercial stainless steel.
7

Lekobou, William P., Karl R. Englund, Marie-Pierre Laborie, and Patrick D. Pedrow. "Influence of atmospheric pressure plasma treatments on the surface properties of ligno-cellulosic substrates." Holzforschung 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0211.

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AbstractThe paper aims at the investigation of atmospheric pressure weakly ionized plasmas with argon and acetylene to deposit plasma-polymerized coatings on wood veneers (birch, maple), cellulose paper, and pine wood flour to modify their surface properties, in particular their topography and wettability. The treatment was performed in a reactor containing an array of high-voltage needles and a grounded metallic mesh as electrodes. The deposition occurred in the discharge downstream of the plasma region. The plasma-polymerized acetylene deposits form spherical nodules on the surface of the substrates and change their wettability from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The water contact angles of the veneer were determined with a goniometer. The capillary rise was combined with the Washburn equation to assess the change in hydrophilicity of the plasma-treated wood flour.
8

Taheraslani, Mohammadreza, and Han Gardeniers. "High-Resolution SEM and EDX Characterization of Deposits Formed by CH4+Ar DBD Plasma Processing in a Packed Bed Reactor." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040589.

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The deposits formed during the DBD plasma conversion of CH4 were characterized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and energy dispersive X-ray elemental analysis (EDX) for both cases of a non-packed reactor and a packed reactor. For the non-packed plasma reactor, a layer of deposits was formed on the dielectric surface. HRSEM images in combination with EDX and CHN elemental analysis of this layer revealed that the deposits are made of a polymer-like layer with a high content of hydrogen (60 at%), possessing an amorphous structure. For the packed reactor, γ-alumina, Pd/γ-alumina, BaTiO3, silica-SBA-15, MgO/Al2O3, and α-alumina were used as the packing materials inside the DBD discharges. Carbon-rich agglomerates were formed on the γ-alumina after exposure to plasma. The EDX mapping furthermore indicated the carbon-rich areas in the structure. In contrast, the formation of agglomerates was not observed for Pd-loaded γ-alumina. This was ascribed to the presence of Pd, which enhances the hydrogenation of deposit precursors, and leads to a significantly lower amount of deposits. It was further found that the structure of all other plasma-processed materials, including MgO/Al2O3, silica-SBA-15, BaTiO3, and α-alumina, undergoes morphological changes. These alterations appeared in the forms of the generation of new pores (voids) in the structure, as well as the moderation of the surface roughness towards a smoother surface after the plasma treatment.
9

Ilavsky, J., G. G. Long, A. J. Allen, L. Leblanc, M. Prystay, and C. Moreau. "Anisotropic Microstructure of Plasma-Sprayed Deposits." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 8, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105996399770350368.

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10

Xu, Junli, Jing Zhang, and Zhongning Shi. "Extracting Aluminum from Aluminum Alloys in AlCl3-NaCl Molten Salts." High Temperature Materials and Processes 32, no. 4 (August 16, 2013): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0152.

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AbstractExtracting aluminum from aluminum alloys in AlCl3-NaCl molten salts was investigated in this paper. The influences of experimental parameters such as electrolyte composition, cathodic current density and electrolysis time on the deposits morphology were discussed. The results show that the grain size of the deposits decreases with the increase of AlCl3 content in the electrolyte. Current density has a big effect on the morphology of the deposits. The particle size of deposits increases with the increase of current density, and dendritic morphology forms at high current density. High nucleation rates are achieved at high current densities above the limiting diffusion current density, and will result in a finer grain size. A non-dendritic deposit of aluminum was obtained at 170°C at 50 mA cm−2 cathodic current density for 1 h in the electrolyte having a 1.3 molar ratio of AlCl3/NaCl. The purity of the aluminum deposit is about 99.79% analyzed using inductively coupled plasma.
11

Yu, Fan, Qihai Shu, Xudong Niu, Kai Xing, Linlong Li, David R. Lentz, Qingwen Zeng, and Wenjie Yang. "Composition of Garnet from the Xianghualing Skarn Sn Deposit, South China: Its Petrogenetic Significance and Exploration Potential." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050456.

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The Xianghualing skarn Sn deposit in the southwestern part of the southern Hunan Metallogenic Belt is a large Sn deposit in the Nanling area. In this paper, the garnet has been analyzed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to obtain the concentrations of the major and trace elements. The results reveal that the garnets from the Xianghualing deposit mainly belong to andradite-grossular (grandite) solid solution and are typically richer in Al than in Fe. They show enrichment in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and notably lower light rare earth elements (LREEs), and commonly negative Eu anomalies, indicative of a relatively reduced formation environment. The garnets have high Sn concentrations between 2313 ppm and 5766 ppm. It is also evident that there is a positive correlation between Sn and Fe, suggesting that Sn4+ substitutes into the garnets through substituting for Fe3+ in the octahedral position. Combined with previous studies, it can be recognized that the Sn concentrations of garnet in skarn Sn deposits are generally high, whereas the W concentrations are relatively low. This is just the opposite in garnets from skarn W deposits that typically have high W, but low Sn concentrations. In polymetallic skarn deposits with both economic Sn and W, the concentrations of both metals in garnets are relatively high, although varying greatly. Therefore, the Sn and W concentrations in garnets can be used to evaluate a skarn deposit’s potential to produce Sn and (or) W mineralization, which is helpful in exploration.
12

Eddy, C. R., D. L. Youchison, B. D. Sartwell, and K. S. Grabowski. "Deposition of diamond onto aluminum by electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma-assisted CVD." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 12 (December 1992): 3255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.3255.

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Diamond crystallites and thin films have been deposited onto polycrystalline aluminum substrates utilizing an electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (ECR-PACVD) method. For all depositions, the substrates were biased to +40 V dc with respect to ground and their temperature was maintained at 500 °C. Similar deposits were obtained from two different feedgas systems at a total pressure of 1.33 Pa (10 mTorr). The first system consisted of a carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) mixture (CO:H2 = 20:80), and the second was a methane (CH4), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen (H2) mixture (CH4:O2:H2 = 21:10:69). The deposits were subsequently characterized by scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The results of these analyses indicate that polycrystalline diamond was deposited onto aluminum substrates, as both individual crystallites and continuous films.
13

Amrollahy Biouki, Saeid, Fadhel Ben Ettouil, Andre C. Liberati, Ali Dolatabadi, and Christian Moreau. "Microstructure of Deposits Sprayed by a High Power Torch with Flash Boiling Atomization of High-Concentration Suspensions." Materials 17, no. 7 (March 25, 2024): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17071493.

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The main objective of this study was to use flash boiling atomization as a new method to inject suspensions with high solid content into the high-power plasma flow. The water-based suspension was prepared with submicron titanium oxide particles with an average size of 500 nm. The investigated solid concentrations were 20, 40, 55 and 70 wt%. Two plasma torches operated at 33, 70 and 110 kW were used to investigate the effect of increasing power on the deposited microstructure and deposition efficiency. At low torch power, the deposition efficiency decreased with increasing solid concentration, and deposits with a high number of unmelted particles were obtained with 70 wt% suspensions. At high torch power, the deposition efficiency increased with increasing solid concentration, and dense deposits were obtained with 70 wt% suspensions. XRD analysis was performed on all deposits to determine the distribution of rutile and anatase phases. The percentage of the anatase phase varied from 35.7% to 66.9%, depending on the power input and solid concentration.
14

Wallace, J. S., and J. Ilavsky. "Elastic Modulus Measurements in Plasma Sprayed Deposits." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 7, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105996398770350747.

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15

Steuhl, Klaus-Peter, Marcus Knorr, Jens Martin Rohrbach, Walter Lisch, Edwin Kaiserling, and Hans-Jürgen Thiel. "Paraproteinemic Corneal Deposits in Plasma Cell Myeloma." American Journal of Ophthalmology 111, no. 3 (March 1991): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72315-3.

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16

Kang, Hyun-Ki. "Thermal properties of plasma-sprayed tungsten deposits." Journal of Nuclear Materials 335, no. 1 (October 2004): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.06.001.

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17

Li, Qiuyu, Di Song, Fengmei Wang, Ying Tan, Feng Yu, and Minghui Zhao. "Clinicopathological Characteristics and Outcomes of Chinese Patients with Scanty Immune Deposits Lupus Nephritis: A Large Cohort Study from a Single Center." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/212597.

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Objective. To assess clinicopathological characteristics of lupus nephritis patients with scanty immune deposits.Methods. The data of patients with scanty immune deposits lupus nephritis were retrospectively analyzed. Plasma ANCA and complement components were detected.Results. Among 316 cases with renal biopsy-proven lupus nephritis, 40 cases were diagnosed as scanty immune deposits. There were significantly higher value of serum creatinine (P=0.002) and lower hemoglobin level (P=0.009) and higher score of cellular crescents (P=0.015) in scanty immune deposits group compared with immune complex deposits group. The frequency of positive plasma ANCA was significantly higher in scanty immune deposits group than that in immune complex deposits group (52.5% versus 10.1%,P<0.001). As for comparisons of plasma complement components, there were significantly higher levels of C1q (P=0.005) and Bb (P=0.02) and lower level of factor H (P=0.003) in scanty immune deposits group. The ratio of treatment failure was significantly higher in scanty immune deposits group than that in immune deposits group (42.5% versus 19.20%,P=0.001). The renal outcomes were similar between the two groups.Conclusions. Patients with scanty immune deposits lupus nephritis had more severe kidney damage. ANCA and activation of complement alternative pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
18

Wu, Tong, Ruidong Yang, Junbo Gao, and Jun Li. "Age of the lower Cambrian Vanadium deposit, East Guizhou, South China: Evidences from age of tuff and carbon isotope analysis along the Bagong section." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 999–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0287.

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Abstract The early Cambrian is a critical interval of dramatic oceanic and biochemical changes in geological history. The black shale deposits, which are rich in Mo, Ni, V, and platinum group elements (PGE), are a reflection of that interval. Among all known Cambrian black shale deposits in South China, the vanadium deposits are poorly constrained by geochronology. The newly discovered tuff layer in the Sansui Bagong vanadium deposit in Guizhou Province can provide excellent constraints on the age of vanadium deposits. In this study, we obtain a new zircon U–Pb isotopic age, which can constrain the age of the vanadium deposit. This tuff occurs in the middle part of the ore bed, and the age of the tuff layer can reflect the mineralization age of the V deposit. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is used in this study to obtain the zircon U–Pb age of the tuff and indicates that the event of volcanic activity took place at 520.9 ± 1 Ma. This age is close to the boundary between the Cambrian Terreneuvian and Series 2. This result provides a good constraint on the age of the vanadium deposits in South China and makes the vanadium deposits to be comparable with other Mo–Ni–PGE deposits. The alteration of organic carbon isotope (δ 13Corg) values can reflect changes in the marine environment and is widely used in stratigraphic correlation. The analysis of the δ 13Corg values of the ore bed in the present study reveals a positive excursion at the bottom of the deposit and a negative excursion in the V-enriched layer. The δ 13Corg values in the Bagong section are comparable to those in the Xiaotan and Longbizui sections. The ages of the Sansui vanadium deposit constrained by the U–Pb isotopic age of the tuff and the δ 13Corg values are consistent. All of the data lead us to infer that the vanadium deposit formed at approximately 521 Ma.
19

Zhu, Yiting, Xiaofeng Li, and Xinglin Wei. "The Chemical Composition of Helvine-Group Minerals and Implications for Ore Genesis: Case Studies from the Dawan, Qidushan, and Taoxikeng Deposits." Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 61, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 569–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/2200067.

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Abstract Helvine-group minerals have characteristic chemical compositions and textures and occur in different environments within magmatic–hydrothermal deposits. However, their origin is still unclear. There are several quartz-vein beryllium deposits with different element assemblages existing in southeastern China; these include the Dawan Be-Mo, Qidushan Be-Zn-Sn, and Taoxikeng Be-W deposits. We present the chemical composition of helvine-group minerals analyzed by electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in addition to zircon sensitive high-mass-resolution ion microprobe U-Pb and cassiterite laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U-Pb ages. The zircon and cassiterite U-Pb data indicate that the Qidushan deposit formed during the Late Cretaceous (127–132 Ma). The electron probe microanalysis data show that the helvine-group minerals from the three deposits are helvine and/or danalite. A wide variety of different trace elements display high concentrations in the different deposits [e.g., helvine-group minerals from the Dawan deposit are rich in Li, B, Sc, V, Ga, Y, Sn, Cs, Th, and U; those from the Qidushan deposit are rich in Sc, Cd, and Sn; whereas those from the Taoxikeng deposit are rich in Y, Cd, Sn, Ta, and total rare-earth elements (ΣREE). The material analyzed from the Dawan deposit has the highest concentrations of Li (28.03–134.96 ppm), Sn (126.01–709.24 ppm), Sc (108.10–287.64 ppm), Cs (0–37.24 ppm), Th (4.78–112.63 ppm), and U (0.79–4.13 ppm). The material analyzed from the Taoxikeng deposit has the highest concentrations of Y (594.95–899.95 ppm), Cd (22.63–25.21 ppm), Ta (0.41–0.86 ppm), and ΣREE (281.69–451.79 ppm). However, those from the Qidushan deposit have the lowest concentrations of Y (10.21–37.70 ppm), Sn (0–26.88 ppm), U (0–19.06 ppm), Eu (0–0.14 ppm), and Cs (being below the detection limit). All of them are rich in heavy REEs but poor in light REEs, with distinctive REE patterns. Our results reveal that both crystallographic substitution and fluid composition control the enrichment of trace elements in helvine-group minerals. The textures and trace element compositions of helvine-group minerals can represent various parageneses and ore-forming fluid compositions. We propose that the δEu values and (La/Yb)N ratios can be used as markers to discriminate the genesis of helvine-group mineral precipitated from different environments based on the chemical compositions and the origin of ore-forming fluids.
20

Okada, Katsuyuki, Shojiro Komatsu, and Seiichiro Matsumoto. "Preparation of microcrystalline diamond in a low pressure inductively coupled plasma." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 2 (February 1999): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0082.

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A 13.56 MHz low pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) has been applied to prepare diamond films. The Faraday shield drastically suppressed the electrostatic coupling, which frequently causes contamination due to the etching of the quartz tube. The characterizations of the obtained deposits by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron diffraction (TED), and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) revealed that the deposits are composed of microcrystalline diamond and disordered microcrystalline graphite. The CO additive to a CH4/H2 plasma brought about the morphological change from a scale-like deposit to a particle one. Besides, the number of encountered particles was increased with an increase of CO additive. The TED and RHEED observations showed that non-diamond carbon was effectively removed with an increase of CO additive. These results indicate that oxygen-contained radicals produced by the addition of CO play an effective role in the removal of non-diamond carbon in the diamond growth conditions and that the CO additive makes the supersaturation degree of carbon large.
21

Hoshiyama, Yasuhiro, Toshiaki Otani, and Hidekazu Miyake. "High Cr-Ni Cast Iron Base Deposits with Tantalum Carbide Particles Produced by Plasma Spraying." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.563.

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Fe-C-Ta-Cr-Ni alloy powder in diameter of 32-53 μm made by argon atomization was low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce high Cr-Ni cast iron base deposits with finely dispersed tantalum carbide particles. The as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate consisted of γFe, αFe and carbide. The fine precipitates of approximately 0.1 μm in the as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate were carbide. With increasing heat treatment temperature up to 1273 K, the carbide particles coarsened. The hardness of deposit decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature. The wear resistance of as-sprayed deposit formed on a non-cooled substrate was higher than that of the deposit heat-treated at 1273 K. The as-sprayed deposit and deposit heat-treated at 1273 K hade higher wear resistance than a commercial stainless steel.
22

Hoshiyama, Yasuhiro, Kentaro Hirano, Hidekazu Miyake, and Kenji Murakami. "Rapidly Solidified Thick Deposit of Fe-B-Cr Alloy by Plasma Spraying." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.721.

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Fe-B-Cr alloy powder in diameter of 32-53 μm made by argon atomization is low-pressure plasma sprayed to produce a rapidly solidified iron base composite deposit with finely dispersed boride particles. The constituents of the as-sprayed deposit formed on a water-cooled substrate are α phase and amorphous phase that are supersaturated with chromium and boron due to high cooling rate during solidification of the melt. Heat treatment of deposit at 873K leads to decomposition of the amorphous phase, resulting in the formation of Fe3B. The deposit heat treated above 1073K is composed of α phase and (Fe,Cr)2B. The as-sprayed deposit produced on a non-cooled substrate consists of α phase and (Fe,Cr)2B. The fine precipitates of about 0.1 μm in the as-sprayed deposit coated on a non-cooled substrate are boride. As deposit temperature increases, the coarsening of the precipitate particles results in lowered hardness of deposits.
23

Hegemann, Dirk. "Macroscopic control of plasma polymerization processes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 9 (January 1, 2008): 1893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880091893.

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Plasma polymerization covers a broad range of plasma deposits from soft to hard coatings. Nanoscale coatings are formed within a dry and eco-friendly process on different substrate materials and structures. To gain a deeper insight into plasma polymerization, a macroscopic approach using the concept of chemical quasi-equilibria might be useful. Following this macroscopic approach, the reaction parameter power input per gas flow W/F, which represents the specific energy invested per particle within the active plasma zone, solely determines the mass deposition rate. Hence, plasma polymerization can be described by measuring the deposited mass and examining the power input and gas flow which contributes to it. Thus, the control, investigation, and up-scaling of plasma polymerization processes are enabled. Different examples are given to make use of the macroscopic approach.
24

García-Vázquez, F., A. Aguirre, Ana Arizmendi-Morquecho, H. M. Hernández-García, L. Santiago-Bautista, J. Acevedo, and B. Vargas-Arista. "Analysis of Weld Bead Parameters of Overlay Deposited on D2 Steel Components by Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) Process." Materials Science Forum 755 (April 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.755.39.

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Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) process is increasingly used in applications where enhancement of wear, corrosion and heat resistance of metals surface is required. The shape of weld bead geometry affected by the PTA welding process parameters is an indication of the quality of the weld. PTA is a versatile method of depositing high-quality metallurgically fused deposits on relatively low cost surfaces. The overlay deposited is an alloy that is hard and more corrosion resistant than counterparts laid down by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) or Oxy Fuel Welding (OFW) processes. Weld deposits are characterized by very low levels of inclusions, oxides, and discontinuities. This process produces smooth deposits that significantly reduce the amount of post weld machining required. Metal-Mechanic industry continuously requires recovering tool steel components subjected to severe wear. The steel known as D2 is considered to be a high carbon, high chromium cold work tool steel. In this research, weld beads were deposited on D2 steel by using PTA process with different parameters as welding current and travel speed using base nickel filler metal. In order to evaluate the metallurgical features on the weld beads/substrate interface a microstructural characterization was performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and to evaluate the mechanical properties was conducted the wear test.
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Chraska, P., J. Dubsky, B. Kolman, J. llavsky, and J. Forman. "Study of phase changes in plasma sprayed deposits." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 1, no. 4 (December 1992): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02647157.

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Kolman, Blahoslav, Ji?� Forman, Ji?� Dubsk�, and Pavel Chr�ska. "Homogeneity studies of powders and plasma sprayed deposits." Mikrochimica Acta 114-115, no. 1 (December 1994): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01244560.

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Karthikeyan, J., C. C. Berndt, J. Tikkanen, S. Reddy, and H. Herman. "Plasma spray synthesis of nanomaterial powders and deposits." Materials Science and Engineering: A 238, no. 2 (November 1997): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(96)10568-2.

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Wang, Jiuyi, Zefeng Xie, Chunlian Wang, and Yufei Hu. "Trace Element Concentrations and Mineralogy of Quartz Vein Deposits from Southeastern Hubei Province, China." Minerals 12, no. 7 (June 26, 2022): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070814.

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Hydrothermal quartz samples collected from the Fujiashan and Yipanqiu quartz deposits in southeastern Hubei Province, China have been investigated by analytical combination of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, in conjunction with conventional beneficiation processing to evaluate their potential as sources of high purity quartz (HPQ) from a commercial perspective. Microscopy efforts reveal that major mineral impurities associated with quartz are K-feldspar, muscovite, iron oxides, rutile with accessory kaolinite. Bulk trace element concentrations of the processed quartz products demonstrate that the Fujiashan-II quartz vein with cumulative impurities of less than 50 μg g−1 with <30 μg g−1 Al and <10 μg g−1 Ti fits with the lattice-bound criteria for HPQ, meeting the requirement by a HPQ deposit. However, the Yipanqiu quartz deposits are not promising for HPQ production due to high fluid inclusion contents, intimate intergrowth texture with highly variable crystal size, and probably high lattice-bound element contents. The early Neoproterozoic Fujiashan quartz deposits have likely been experienced long-term retrograde metamorphism-related recrystallisation which might contribute to high-purity quartz formation. Due to a much younger crystallization age compared to the Fujiashan deposits, quartz grains in the middle Cretaceous Yipanqiu quartz vein retain high trace elements, leading to exclusion of being a HPQ deposit.
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Dhard, C. P., S. Brezinsek, M. Mayer, D. Naujoks, S. Masuzaki, D. Zhao, R. Yi, et al. "Plasma-wall interaction studies in W7-X: main results from the recent divertor operations." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (November 15, 2021): 124059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac35c0.

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Abstract Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is an optimized stellarator with a 3-dimensional five-fold modular geometry. The plasma-wall-interaction (PWI) investigations in the complex 3D geometry of W7-X were carried out by in situ spectroscopic observations, exhaust gas analysis and post-mortem measurements on a large number of plasma-facing components extracted after campaigns. The investigations showed that the divertor strike line areas on the divertor targets appeared to be the major source of carbon impurities. After multistep erosion and deposition events, carbon was found to be deposited largely at the first wall components, with thick deposits of >1 μm on some baffle tiles, moderate deposits on toroidal closure tiles and thin deposits at the heat shield tiles and the outer wall panels. Some amount of the eroded carbon was pumped out via the vacuum pumps as volatile hydrocarbons and carbon oxides (CO, CO2) formed due to the chemical processes. Boron was introduced by three boronizations and one boron powder injection experiment. Thin boron-dominated layers were found on the inner heat shield and the outer wall panels, some boron was also found at the test divertor unit and in redeposited layers together with carbon. Local erosion/deposition and global migration processes were studied using field-line transport simulations, analytical estimations, 3D-WallDYN and ERO2.0 modeling in standard magnetic field configuration.
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Stankevich, Vladimir G., Nickolay Y. Svechnikov, and Boris N. Kolbasov. "Comparative Analysis of Spectroscopic Studies of Tungsten and Carbon Deposits on Plasma-Facing Components in Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors." Symmetry 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030623.

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Studies on the erosion products of tungsten plasma-facing components (films, surfaces, and dust) for thermonuclear fusion reactors by spectroscopic methods are considered and compared with those of carbon deposits. The latter includes: carbon–deuterium CDx (x ~ 0.5) smooth films deposited at the vacuum chamber during the erosion of the graphite limiters in the T-10 tokamak and mixed CHx-Me films (Me = W, Fe, etc.) formed by irradiating a tungsten target with an intense H-plasma flux in a QSPA-T plasma accelerator. It is shown that the formerly developed technique for studying CDx films with 15 methods, including spectroscopic methods, such as XPS, TDS, EPR, Raman, and FT-IR, is universal and can be supplemented by a number of new methods for tungsten materials, including in situ analysis of the MAPP type using XPS, SEM, TEM, and probe methods, and nuclear reaction method. In addition, the analysis of the fractality of the CDx films using SAXS + WAXS is compared with the analysis of the fractal structures formed on tungsten and carbon surfaces under the action of high-intensity plasma fluxes. A comparative analysis of spectroscopic studies on carbon and tungsten deposits makes it possible to identify the problems of the safe operation of thermonuclear fusion reactors.
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Boukari, Hacène, Andrew J. Allen, Gabrielle G. Long, Jan Ilavsky, Jay S. Wallace, Christopher C. Berndt, and Herbert Herman. "Small-angle neutron scattering study of the role of feedstock particle size on the microstructural behavior of plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia deposits." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 3 (March 2003): 624–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0082.

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The microstructures of thick plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (8% mass fraction yttria) deposits were studied in a series of Porod small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and multiple small-angle neutron scattering (MSANS) experiments. Three main void components were identified in the deposits: intrasplat cracks, interlamellar planar pores, and globular pores. The SANS and MSANS measurements were analyzed using the traditional theory for Porod scattering and a recently developed three-component model for MSANS evaluation. The average size, volume fraction, internal surface area, and orientation distribution for each void component within the deposits were determined. This study focused on gaining a better understanding of the effects of initial feedstock particle size and annealing temperatures on the microstructure of deposits sprayed under equivalent particle-impact conditions. Quantitative results are presented for each of four deposit samples: one prepared using the as-received feedstock particle wide-size distribution and three prepared from feedstock powder of different and relatively narrow particle size ranges with average sizes of 32, 47, and 88 μm. Except for the coarse (88 μm) feedstock powder, only mild monotonic variations were found in the microstructural anisotropies, the porosities (13 ± 1%), and the internal surface areas in the as-sprayed deposits. The internal surface area was independent of the feedstock particle size, even with the coarse feedstock. When the deposits were annealed at high temperatures (1100 and 1400 °C), the microstructures were altered with a reduction of the total internal surface area and a mild coarsening of the voids. These changes in the microstructural evolution were well-captured and described by the three-component model. The results were compared and related with those obtained from scanning electron microscopy images and elastic moduli measurements.
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Kang, Suk Bong, Hyun-Ki Kang, and Kwang Jun Euh. "Processing and Microstructures of Tungsten/Copper Composites Produced by Plasma Spray and Cold Spray." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.945.

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Tungsten/copper composites were produced using an agglomerated feedstock powder by plasma spray and cold spray. In the case of the plasma spray, the external feedstock injection (EFI) and the internal feedstock injection (IFI) were adopted to compare oxidation, microstructure, porosity, and tungsten recovery in the deposits. The IFI deposit had less oxidation, denser microstructure, and more tungsten retention compared to the EFI. Especially, more tungsten particles were melted from the IFI than from the EFI at input power of 25kW. Thermal expansion coefficient of plasma sprayed composite (72W/28Cu vol.%) was approximately 5.2x10-6/K. In the cold spray, no oxidation and more dense microstructures were observed with porosity of less than 1.0 vol.%. However lots of tungsten was lost due to insufficient plastic deformation.
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George, A., S. Melanson, M. Dehnel, and C. Hoehr. "Investigation of plasma chamber erosion in an RF ion source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012006.

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Abstract Filament driven plasma sources are widely used to produce ion beams, but they require frequent maintenance due to the limited filament lifetime. External radio-frequency (RF) coupled ion source offers a filament-free plasma and hence better maintenance. However, one of the issues encountered during the development of a planar external RF-powered ion source at D-Pace was the erosion of its copper plasma chamber and subsequent formation of copper deposits on the Aluminum Nitride (AlN) RF window. The copper deposits on the RF window deteriorate the power coupling between the external antenna and the plasma. This paper investigates the erosion of the plasma chamber and describes some of the methods used to control the deposition of copper on the RF window.
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Sciuba, Marjorie, and Georges Beaudoin. "Texture and Trace Element Composition of Rutile in Orogenic Gold Deposits." Economic Geology 116, no. 8 (December 1, 2021): 1865–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4857.

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Abstract Rutile from a wide range of orogenic gold deposits and districts, including representative world-class deposits, was investigated for its texture and trace element composition using scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Deposits are hosted in various country rocks including felsic to ultramafic igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks, which were metamorphosed from lower greenschist to middle amphibolite facies and with ages of mineralization that range from Archean to Phanerozoic. Rutile presents a wide range of size, texture, and chemical zoning. Rutile is the dominant TiO2 polymorph in orogenic gold mineralization. Elemental plots and partial least square-discriminant analysis suggest that the composition of the country rocks exerts a strong control on concentrations of V, Nb, Ta, and Cr in rutile, whereas the metamorphic facies of the country rocks controls concentrations of V, Zr, Sc, U, rare earth elements, Y, Ca, Th, and Ba in rutile. The trace element composition of rutile in orogenic gold deposits can be distinguished from rutile in other deposit types and geologic settings. Elemental ratios Nb/V, Nb/Sb, and Sn/V differentiate the rutile trace element composition of orogenic gold deposits compared with those from other geologic settings and environments. A binary plot of Nb/V vs. W enables distinction of rutile in metamorphic-hydrothermal and hydrothermal deposits from rutile in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits and magmatic environments. The binary plot Nb/Sb vs. Sn/V distinguishes rutile in orogenic gold deposits from other geologic settings and environments. Results are used to establish geochemical criteria to constrain the source of rutile for indicator mineral surveys and potentially guide mineral exploration.
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Ragland, K. W., M. K. Misra, D. J. Aerts, and C. A. Palmer. "Ash Deposition in a Wood-Fired Gas Turbine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2814124.

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A small four-stage gas turbine was directly fired with woodchips using a novel downdraft, gravel-bed combustor for a total 250 hours of tests. The average turbine blockage due to deposits was 0.19 percent per hour. The composition of deposits was studied using plasma emission spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. The main constituents of the deposits were CaO, MgO, and K2SO4. The deposits contained 5 to 15 percent potassium and 0.5 to 3 percent sulfur.
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ROSLUND, J., K. SUNDBKRC, and D. TovI. "PLASMA CELL MYELOMA OF THORACIC VERTEBRA WITH AMYLOID DEPOSITS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 49, no. 2 (August 15, 2009): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1960.tb01140.x.

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Bonias, Geoffrey, Hani Henein, and Tonya B. Wolfe. "Modeling residual stresses of functionally graded deposits using the PTAAM." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1281, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1281/1/012012.

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Abstract High maintenance costs due to significant abrasive wear of components is experienced in the energy and mining sectors despite the current use of tough and hard coatings. During the coating process significant tensile residual stresses may build up and result in premature failure of a component. These tensile stresses can be reduced by adopting functionally graded structures of the composite. The main goal of the present study is to design an ideal material gradient in the additively manufactured composite using the plasma transferred arc (PTA) with a WC-Ni alloy graded in WC. To develop a comprehensive analysis of the functionally graded deposit, the thermal history of the WC and Ni alloy powders are first simulated as they travel through the plasma and deposit on the substrate. The initial temperature of each deposited bead depending on the WC content is deduced. These results are used as an input to predict the temperature and stress history of the solidifying deposit. Thermal stresses are computed and trends of residual stresses are obtained as a function of the WC gradient selected. The trends obtained are compared quantitatively before concluding on the most favorable gradient for this wear resistance application.
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Troxler, Robert F., Kelly Kane, Alan M. Berg, Gregory Grillone, Alan S. Cohen, John Kasznica, and Martha Skinner. "Localized Amyloidosis of the Larynx: Evidence for Light Chain Composition." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 102, no. 11 (November 1993): 884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949310201112.

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We report the biochemical characterization of amyloid fibrils from a patient with localized amyloidosis of the epiglottis and larynx. Biopsy specimens showed amorphous material consistent with amyloid deposits with a plasmacytic infiltrate. Both plasma cells and amyloid deposits stained positively by immunohistochemistry for κ light chains. Amyloid fibrils were isolated. The major constituent resolved as a 13 kd band was sequenced and found to be consistent with a κ1 light chain. A tryptic digest was carried out and 3 tryptic peptides were sequenced defining the first 45 residues of the protein and residues 110 through 119. Four amino acid substitutions were found, 3 of which have not been described previously. This study defines the immunoglobulin origin of amyloid deposits in localized amyloidosis. The benign nature of localized amyloidosis suggests that a localized clone of plasma cells producing an amyloidogenic light chain may represent the pathogenetic mechanism of this disease, which appears to be a form of plasma cell dyscrasia.
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Xie, Huan, Xiaowen Huang, Yumiao Meng, Houmingrui Tan, and Liang Qi. "Discrimination of Mineralization Types of Skarn Deposits by Magnetite Chemistry." Minerals 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050608.

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There are different mineralization types for skarn deposits with various origins and ore-forming conditions. Magnetite is one of the main ore minerals in skarn deposits, but whether chemical compositions of magnetite can be used to discriminate different mineralization types remains unknown. This paper collects the published magnetite electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data of skarn deposits and investigates the relationship between magnetite geochemistry and mineralization types of skarn deposits using the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). For EPMA data, magnetite from Fe-Zn skarn deposits can be roughly separated from that of Cu-Fe-Pb-Zn, Fe, Fe-Co-Bi-Ag, Fe-Cu, and Fe-Zn-Pb skarn deposits due to the relative enrichment of Al and Mn for the former. For LA-ICP-MS data, magnetite from Fe-Sn, Fe-Zn, and W-Mo-Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu skarn deposits can be roughly separated from that of other skarn deposits due to positive correlation with Mn, Zn, and Sn and the negative correlation with V for the former. The relative depletion of V for these mineralization types likely reflects higher oxygen fugacity than the other types of skarn deposits. Magnetite from Fe-Au skarn deposits is separated due to the relatively high Cr and Ga contents, whereas magnetite from Fe-Cu skarn deposits can be discriminated because of the relative enrichment of Mg and Co. The discrimination between different types of skarn deposits in the plot of Mg + Mn vs. (Si + Al)/(Mg + Mn) indicates that the chemical composition of magnetite is significantly affected by the fluid–rock interaction, where magnetite from Fe-Au skarn deposit shows the lowest fluid–rock ratios. The PLS-DA discrimination based on LA-ICP-MS data is better than that of EPMA data, and the main discriminant elements for the different mineralization types are Mg, Al, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Zn, Ga, and Sn. Based on the discriminant elements, we propose a plot of Mg+Mn vs. Ga+Sn to discriminate different mineralization types of skarn deposits.
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Abramov, B. N., and V. F. Posokhov. "Petrogeochemical and isotopic characteristics, connection with magmatism of tungsten deposits of Aginskaya and Argunskaya structural-formation zones of the Eastern Transbaikalia." LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 21, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2021-21-2-262-272.

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Research subject. Tungsten deposits of the Aginsky and Argunsky structural-formation zones in the Eastern Transbaikalia. The aim was to clarify the sources and conditions for the formation of tungsten mineralisation, as well as to clarify a relationship between magmatism and tungsten mineralisation. The conditions of deposit formation were studied using data on the chemical composition of rocks and ores and the oxygen isotopic composition of the ore veins of tungsten deposits.Methods. The elemental composition of rocks was determined by the methods of X-ray fluorescence and standard chemical analysis; the concentration of rare-earth elements was determined by sorption-atomic emission analysis with inductively coupled plasma (Geological Institute SB RAS, Ulan-Ude). The examination of oxygen isotope composition was carried out at the Geological Institute of SB RAS (Ulan-Ude) using a MIR 10-30 system of laser heating with a 100W CO2 laser and 10.6 microns wavelength in the infrared region in the presence of a BrF5 reagent (analyst V.F. Posokhov).Results and conclusions. It was established that granites in the Kukulbey complex of the Antonovogorsky and Bukukinsky tungsten deposits correspond to granites of an ilmenite series, while the ores in the Spokoininsky deposit are associated with the granites of a magnetite series. A close correlation was established between W with Ta, Nb, Hf and As, indicating similar compositions of ore-bearing sources of the tungsten deposits. For Barun-Shiveinsky, Antonovogorsky and Bukukinsky deposits, the oxygen isotope compositions in the fluid in equilibrium with quartz of the productive stage was calculated, indicating the magmatic sources of mineralisation.
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Rosianna, Ilsa, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Hirofumi Tazoe, Heri Syaeful, Adi Gunawan Muhammad, I. Gde Sukadana, Frederikus Dian Indrastomo, et al. "Uranium Isotope Characterization in Volcanic Deposits in a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Mamuju, Indonesia." Geosciences 13, no. 12 (December 17, 2023): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13120388.

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Mamuju is an area of high natural radiation in Indonesia with high natural radiation levels (average 613 nSv h−1). Mamuju is anomalous due to its high average 238U and 232Th concentrations of 22,882 and 33,549 Bq kg−1, respectively, in laterite and rock. High natural radionuclide concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K have also been reported in soil samples from several locations in Mamuju, including Botteng, Northern Botteng, Takandeang, Ahu, and Taan. High radiation levels are related to radioactive mineral occurrences in the Adang volcanic complex, comprised of phonolitoid and foiditoid lithologies. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), uranium deposits can be classified into several types, among them a volcanic-related deposits, which include three sub-types: stratabound, structure-bound, and volcano-sedimentary deposits. This study aims to characterize volcanic rock deposit sub-types in the Mamuju area based on uranium radioisotope measurements. The uranium isotopes were measured using a tandem quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer combined with chemical separation by extraction chromatography using UTEVA resin. The analytical results for the 234U/238U ratios are used to determine the formation characteristics of minerals in each deposit sub-type based on mineral formation age, post-formation processes, and disturbances that affected the formation processes. Based on geochronological calculations using 234U/238U mineralization age, the deposits in the Mamuju area are 0.914–1.11 million years old and are classified as recent mineralization. These data have important implications for tracing uranium source rocks in the Mamuju area and may explain the anomalously high radiation levels in the Mamuju area.
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Voronin, Sergey A., Mischa Zelzer, Catalin Fotea, Morgan R. Alexander, and James W. Bradley. "Pulsed and Continuous Wave Acrylic Acid Radio Frequency Plasma Deposits: Plasma and Surface Chemistry." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111, no. 13 (April 2007): 3419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp068488z.

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43

Fallon, Emily, Matthias Frische, Sven Petersen, Richard Brooker, and Thomas Scott. "Geological, Mineralogical and Textural Impacts on the Distribution of Environmentally Toxic Trace Elements in Seafloor Massive Sulfide Occurrences." Minerals 9, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9030162.

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With mining of seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) coming closer to reality, it is vital that we have a good understanding of the geochemistry of these occurrences and the potential toxicity impact associated with mining them. In this study, SMS samples from seven hydrothermal fields from various tectonic settings were investigated by in-situ microanalysis (electron microprobe (EMPA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)) to highlight the distribution of potentially-toxic trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cd, As, Sb, Co, Ni, Bi, Ag and Hg) within the deposits, their minerals and textures. We demonstrate that a combination of mineralogy, trace element composition and texture characterisation of SMS from various geotectonic settings, when considered along with our current knowledge of oxidation rates and galvanic coupling, can be used to predict potential toxicity of deposit types and individual samples and highlight which may be of environmental concern. Although we cannot quantify toxicity, we observe that arc-related sulfide deposits have a high potential toxicity when compared with deposits from other tectonic settings based on their genetic association of a wide range of potentially toxic metals (As, Sb, Pb, Hg, Ag and Bi) that are incorporated into more reactive sulfosalts, galena and Fe-rich sphalerite. Thus, deposits such as these require special care when considered as mining targets. In contrast, the exclusive concern of ultra-mafic deposits is Cu, present in abundant, albeit less reactive chalcopyrite, but largely barren of other metals such as As, Pb, Sb, Cd and Hg. Whilst geological setting does dictate metal endowment, ultimately mineralogy is the largest control of trace element distribution and subsequent potential toxicity. Deposits containing abundant pyrrhotite (high-temperature deposits) and Fe-rich sphalerite (ubiquitous to all SMS deposits) as well as deposits with abundant colloform textures also pose a higher risk. This type of study can be combined with “bulk lethal toxicity” assessments and used throughout the stages of a mining project to help guide prospecting and legislation, focus exploitation and minimise environmental impact.
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Weiss, Brendan M., Sandy W. Wong, and Raymond L. Comenzo. "Beyond the plasma cell: emerging therapies for immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis." Blood 127, no. 19 (May 12, 2016): 2275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-11-681650.

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Abstract Systemic immunoglobulin light chain (LC) amyloidosis (AL) is a potentially fatal disease caused by immunoglobulin LC produced by clonal plasma cells. These LC form both toxic oligomers and amyloid deposits disrupting vital organ function. Despite reduction of LC by chemotherapy, the restoration of organ function is highly variable and often incomplete. Organ damage remains the major source of mortality and morbidity in AL. This review focuses on the challenges posed by emerging therapies that may limit the toxicity of LC and improve organ function by accelerating the resorption of amyloid deposits.
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Zolotarenko, Ol D., E. P. Rudakova, N. Y. Akhanova, M. Ualkhanova, An D. Zolotarenko, D. V. Shchur, M. T. Gabdullin, et al. "Synthesis of carbon nanostructures using cheap grades of graphite." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.113.

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In the work, carbon nanostructures (CNS) were synthesized on a plasma chemical plant using graphite electrodes SIGE (Special Impregnated Graphite Electrodes) and FGDG-7 (Fine-grained dense graphite) in a helium environment. In the experiments, it was established that graphite electrodes of the SIGE brand are suitable for the synthesis of CNS by the electric arc plasma chemical method. In addition, the experiments indicate that SIGE graphite in electric arc synthesis in a gas environment allows the creation of centimeter composite rods (deposits), where the core consists of graphene sheets rolled into nanotubes that can withstand extremely high temperatures (>4000 K). Studies using scanning microscopy have shown that the synthetic deposit of SIGE graphite can be divided into blocks, which is important for its use in high voltage stations because it is possible to prepare deposits of the required length without mechanical impact and without violating the integrity of its structure. The structure of the synthesized carbon materials was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and it was shown that carbon nanotubes are formed during the evaporation of SIGE brand graphite even without the use of a catalyst. Experiments have confirmed that the mass yield of wall fullerene-containing carbon black during the evaporation of SIGE grade graphite significantly exceeds the results obtained during the evaporation of FGDG-7 grade graphite electrodes. Such results make SIGE graphite more productive for the synthesis of expensive carbon nanoproducts (fullerenes and fullerene-like structures) by the electric arc method. It was also recorded that during the synthesis of carbon nanostructures, single-walled carbon nanotubes are formed, which have a positive charge and are deposited in the form of a core on the surface of the cathode electrode under the action of an electromagnetic field.
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Naseeb, Uzma, Shamshad Zarina, Theres Jägerbrink, Jawed Shafqat, Hans Jörnvall, and Jonas Axelsson. "Differential hemoglobin A sequestration between hemodialysis modalities." Biomolecular Concepts 8, no. 2 (May 24, 2017): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2017-0006.

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AbstractThis report evaluates plasma protein patterns, dialysates and protein analysis of used dialysis membranes from the same patient under hemodialysis in three separate modalities, using high-flux membranes in concentration-driven transport (HD), convection-driven hemofiltration (HF) and combined hemodialfiltration (HDF). The plasma protein changes induced by each of the three dialysis modalities showed small differences in proteins identified towards our previous plasma analyses of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The used dialysate peptide concentrations likewise exhibited small differences among the modalities and varied in the same relative order as the plasma changes, with protein losses in the order HD>HDF>HF. The membrane protein deposits allowed quantification of the relative Hb removal ratios as ~1.7 for HD and ~1.2 for HDF vs. ~1.0 for HF. Hence, plasma protein alterations, dialysate peptide contents and membrane Hb deposits all identify HD as the modality with the most extensive filtration results and exemplifies the accessibility of protein analysis of used membrane filters for evaluation of dialysis efficiencies.
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Shevelev, G. A., L. I. Vasilenko, E. N. Kamenskaya, T. S. Turmagambetov, N. G. Kamensky, A. A. Poyaurel, and K. Dzh Aibekov. "Noble and Rare Metals in Some Coal Deposits of Kazakhstan." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 85, no. 1II) (February 15, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-1-ii-38-44.

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The concentrations of the impurities in brown coals some of Kazakhstan deposits — «Kulan», «Shoptikol’», «Oi Karogai», «Sarykum» — were determined. Surface inclusions in coals were studied using optical USB microscopes. The composition of inclusions and total composition of coals were analyzed by both X-ray spectrometry with energy dispersion and atomic emission spectrometry using «Grand-Potok» complex with sample introduction by the spill-injection method into an arc discharge and recording spectra with an analyzer MAÉS. Gold was determined on a «Grand-Potok» complex using scintillation method. The coals of «Oi Karogai», «Sarykum», and «Kulan» deposits exhibited inclusions of pyrite in crystalline form. It was shown, that both gold and silver are present only in the coals of the «Shoptikol’» deposit in the form of flat round inclusions. Inclusions formed particles of gold-silver alloy upon melting according to data of scintillation analysis. The average concentrations of gold and silver in the coal samples of the «Shoptikol’» deposit are 0.007 and 0.03 ppm, respectively. It is shown that scintillation determination of precious metals in brown coals of Kazakhstan on a «Grand-Potok» complex with MAÉS analyzer is more rapid compared to the methods of inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic emission spectrometry (AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) at comparable detection limits.
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Javidiparsijani, Sara, and Maria M. Picken. "Should the Reporting of Bone Marrow Positivity for Amyloid Be Revised?: A Critical Assessment Based on 66 Biopsies From a Single Institution." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 144, no. 8 (January 16, 2020): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0324-oa.

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Context.— Amyloidoses are rare but heterogeneous disorders for which diagnosis is contingent upon the detection of deposits by Congo red stain and amyloid protein typing determines the treatment options. Objective.— To address the reporting of bone marrow (BM) involvement by amyloid in relation to the spatial distribution of deposits and to explore whether the location of deposits may have clinical relevance. Design.— We examined 66 BM biopsies positive for amyloid with regard to the location and type of amyloid, the percentage and clonality of plasma cells, other organ involvement, and relevant clinical information. Results.— In 21 cases, amyloid deposits involved BM stroma, whereas 45 cases were nonstromal. All cases of stromal involvement were typed as amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis (or presumed AL), whereas nonstromal involvement was associated with at least 3 types of amyloidosis: AL, amyloid transthyretin (ATTR), and amyloid A (AA). The initial diagnosis of amyloidosis was made in a BM specimen in 21 of 66 cases (31.8%). Plasma cells ranged from 1% to 80% (mean, 13.4%; median, 8%; &lt;10% in 44 of 66 specimens [66.6%]) and were monoclonal in 58 of 66 cases (87.8%), and in 54 of 66 cases (81.8%) amyloid deposits were documented in at least one other organ. Conclusions.— This study demonstrates that there is significant heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of amyloid in BM biopsy specimens with medullary, extramedullary, purely vascular, or combined involvement. Whereas stromal deposits were associated exclusively with AL, nonstromal and purely vascular deposits were seen in at least 3 types of systemic amyloidosis (AL, AA, and ATTR). We discuss the reporting of BM biopsy tissue positivity for amyloid deposits.
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Garcia, Regina Paula, Temístocles Luz, Sheila Cristina Canobre, and Henara Lillian Costa. "Corrosion resistance of plasma transferred arc (PTA) Inconel 625 deposits." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 9, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 025008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/abf1bf.

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50

Campistol, Josep M., Tsuranobu Shirahama, Carmela R. Abraham, Orville G. Rodgers, Manel Solé, Alan S. Cohen, and Martha Skinner. "Demonstration of plasma proteinase inhibitors in β2-microglobulin amyloid deposits." Kidney International 42, no. 4 (October 1992): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1992.368.

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