Journal articles on the topic 'Plasma de quarks (QGP)'
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1
Bhattacharyya, Trambak, Surasree Mazumder, and Raktim Abir. "Soft Gluon Radiation off Heavy Quarks beyond Eikonal Approximation." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1298986.
Abstract:
We calculate the soft gluon radiation spectrum off heavy quarks (HQs) interacting with light quarks (LQs) beyond small angle scattering (eikonality) approximation and thus generalize the dead-cone formula of heavy quarks extensively used in the literatures of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) phenomenology to the large scattering angle regime which may be important in the energy loss of energetic heavy quarks in the deconfined Quark-Gluon Plasma medium. In the proper limits, we reproduce all the relevant existing formulae for the gluon radiation distribution off energetic quarks, heavy or light, used in the QGP phenomenology.
2
Pan, Ying-Hua, and Wei-Ning Zhang. "Chemical Evolution of Strongly Interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/952607.
Abstract:
At very initial stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions a wave of quark-gluon matter is produced from the break-up of the strong color electric field and then thermalizes at a short time scale (~1 fm/c). However, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) system is far out of chemical equilibrium, especially for the heavy quarks which are supposed to reach chemical equilibrium much late. In this paper a continuing quark production picture for strongly interacting QGP system is derived, using the quark number susceptibilities and the equation of state; both of them are from the results calculated by the Wuppertal-Budapest lattice QCD collaboration. We find that the densities of light quarks increase by 75% from the temperatureT=400 MeV toT=150 MeV, while the density of strange quark annihilates by 18% in the temperature region. We also offer a discussion on how this late production of quarks affects the final charge-charge correlations.
3
Kumar, Yogesh. "Equation of state of quark-gluon plasma using a simple phenomenological model." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202070.
Abstract:
The equation of state (EoS) of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) using a phenomenological model is studied in which finite value of quark mass is modified as effective mass. The effective mass of these quasiparticle generated due to the interaction of quarks and gluons with the surrounding matter in the medium. The model results provide EoS of QGP which are in good agreement and found almost similar results to the earlier theoretical results. This model is successfully applied to the description of the properties of quark-gluon plasma created in the collision of nucleons. Thus, the effective mass of quark shows the useful information to study the EoS of QGP in high energy heavy-ion collisions.
4
Tang, Zhanduo, Swagato Mukherjee, Peter Petreczky, and Ralf Rapp. "Analysis of static Wilson line correlators from lattice QCD at finite temperature with T-matrix approach." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 09015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429609015.
Abstract:
The thermodynamic T-matrix approach is used to study Wilson line correlators (WLCs) for a static quark-antiquark pair in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Selfconsistent results that incorporate constraints from the QGP equation of state can approximately reproduce WLCs computed in 2+1-flavor lattice-QCD (lQCD), provided the input potential exhibits less screening than in previous studies. Utilizing the updated potential to calculate pertinent heavylight T-matrices we evaluate thermal relaxation rates of heavy quarks in the QGP. We find a more pronounced temperature dependence for low-momentum quarks than in our previous results (with larger screening), which turns into a weaker temperature dependence of the (temperature-scaled) spatial diffusion coefficient, in fair agreement with the most recent lQCD data.
5
Plumari, Salvatore, Lucia Oliva, Yifeng Sun, and Vincenzo Greco. "Directed flow of D mesons at RHIC and LHC energy within a transport approach: non-perturbative dynamics, vorticity and electromagnetic fields." EPJ Web of Conferences 259 (2022): 13009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225913009.
Abstract:
We study the propagation of charm quarks in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) by means a relativistic Boltzmann transport (RBT) approach coupled to electromagnetic field. The interplay between these fields is responsible to generate large rapidity odd directed flow v1 of D mesons and for a large splitting of directed flow Δv1 between neutral D and anti-D mesons. We show that the large v1 is generated by the longitudinal asymmetry between the bulk matter and the charm quarks and by a large non-perturbative interaction in the QGP medium.
6
Ghenam, L., A. Ait El Djoudi, and K. Mezouar. "Deconfining phase transition in a finite volume with massive particles: finite size and finite mass effects." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 2 (February 2016): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0484.
Abstract:
We study the deconfining phase transition from a hadronic gas phase consisting of massive pions to a quark–gluon plasma (QGP) phase containing gluons, massless up and down quarks, and massive strange quarks. The two phases are supposed to coexist in a finite volume, and the finite size effects are studied, in the two cases of thermally driven and density driven deconfining phase transitions. Finite-mass effects are also examined, then the color-singletness condition for the QGP is taken into account and finite size effects are investigated in this case also.
7
Aref’eva, Irina. "Holography for Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC and NICA. Results of the last two years." EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819105010.
Abstract:
In the previous Quarks 2016 conference I have presented a concise review of description of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation in heavy-ion collisions (HIC) within the holographic approach. In particular, I have discussed how to get the total multiplicity and time formation of QGP in HIC that fit the recent experimental data. For this purpose we had to use an anisotropic holographic model. There are also experimental indications that QGP formed in HIC is anisotropic. In this talk I discuss static properties of anisotropic QGP, in particular, phase transition and diffusion coefficients.
8
Kosarzewski, Leszek. "Open and hidden heavy flavor measurements at RHIC." EPJ Web of Conferences 274 (2022): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227405007.
Abstract:
Quarks of heavy flavors are useful tool to study quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. Due to their high mass and early production time, heavy quarks experience the entire evolution of the system created in these collisions. Open heavy flavor meson measurements are sensitive to the energy loss in the QGP, while quarkonia are sensitive to the temperature of the QGP as they dissociate because of Debye-like screening of color charges. This presentation is a summary of the latest heavy flavor studies performed at RHIC. Results from both STAR and PHENIX experiments are presented, compared to theoretical calculations and the implications discussed.
9
Calivà, Alberto. "A journey through the experimental highlights on heavy-ion physics." EPJ Web of Conferences 270 (2022): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202227000019.
Abstract:
Heavy-ion collisions are a unique tool to create in the laboratory the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a state of strongly-interacting matter where quarks and gluons are deconfined. Significant progress was made over the last years in the understanding of the QGP properties and in the characterization of the phase diagram of QCD matter. In these proceedings, a review of recent experimental highlights on heavy-ion physics from different experiments is presented.
10
Nahrgang, Marlene, Jörg Aichelin, Pol Bernard Gossiaux, and Klaus Werner. "Heavy-quark dynamics in a hydrodynamically evolving medium." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817104003.
Abstract:
In this talk we will discuss the recent advances in describing heavy-quark dynamics in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), which evolves hydrodynamically. Special emphasis is put on the collective flow of the heavy-quarks with the medium constituents, for which we present our latest results obtained within the MC@sHQ+EPOS2 model at √s = 5 TeV.
11
Francisco, Audrey. "Quarkonium production in Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV with ALICE." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 18013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817118013.
Abstract:
Ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider provide a unique opportunity to study the properties of matter at extreme energy densities where a phase transition from the hadronic matter to a deconfined medium of quarks and gluons, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is predicted. Among the prominent probes of the QGP, heavy quarks play a crucial role since they are created during the initial stages of the collision, before the QGP formation, and their number is conserved throughout the partonic and hadronic phases of the collision. The azimuthal anisotropy of charmonium production, quantified using the second harmonic Fourier coefficient (referred to as elliptic flow), provides important information on the magnitude and dynamics of charmonium production. Measurements of the quarkonium nuclear modification factor at forward rapidity and J/ψ elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions as a function of centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity will be presented and compared to different collision energy results and available theoretical calculations.
12
Singh, Ravindra. "Probing parton propagation in heavy-ion collisions with ALICE heavy-flavour measurements." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 09010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429609010.
Abstract:
Heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are valuable probes for investigating the properties of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, as they are mainly produced through hard-scattering processes prior to the formation of the QGP, and their number is conserved during the subsequent QGP evolution. Measurements of the nuclear modification factor RAA of charm and beauty hadrons allow us to characterise the in-medium energy loss of heavy quarks while traversing the QGP. Information on their diffusion and degree of participation in the collective motion of the medium can be obtained by measuring the elliptic-flow coefficient v2 of heavy-flavour particles. Complementary insights into heavy-quark fragmentation and energy redistribution can be obtained by measuring angular correlations involving heavy-flavour particles. In this contribution, the recently published results on the non-prompt v2 coefficient of D0 mesons are presented, comparing them with those of other particle species in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV. Additionally, we report the recent findings on the RAA of prompt D mesons and Λc+ baryons in Pb–Pb collisions at the same energy. Furthermore, we discuss the new Pb–Pb results on angular correlations between heavy-flavour decay electrons and charged particles in the same collision system.
13
Capellino, Federica, Andrea Dubla, Stefan Floerchinger, Eduardo Grossi, Andreas Kirchner, and Silvia Masciocchi. "Hydrodynamization of charm quarks in heavy-ion collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 09011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429609011.
Abstract:
Heavy quarks (i.e. charm and beauty) in heavy-ion collisions are initially produced out of kinetic equilibrium via hard partonic scattering processes. However, recent measurements of anisotropic flow of charmed hadrons pose the question regarding the thermalization of heavy quarks in the quarkgluon plasma (QGP). Exploiting a mapping between transport theory and fluid dynamics, we develop a fluid-dynamic description for charm quarks and show results for charm-hadron momentum distributions. Inspired by recent Lattice-QCD (LQCD) calculations, we show that a late hydrodynamization within the lifetime of the QGP is possible also for beauty quarks.
14
LAYEK, BISWANATH, AJIT M. SRIVASTAVA, and SOMA SANYAL. "EXCITED HADRONS AS A SIGNAL FOR QUARK–GLUON PLASMA FORMATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 16 (June 30, 2006): 3421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06033088.
Abstract:
At the quark–hadron transition, when quarks get confined to hadrons, certain orbitally excited states, namely those which have excitation energies above the respective L = 0 states of the same order as the transition temperature Tc, may form easily because of thermal velocities of quarks at the transition temperature. We propose that the ratio of multiplicities of such excited states to the respective L = 0 states can serve as an almost model independent signal for the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) formation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. For example, the ratio R* of multiplicities of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] when plotted with respect to the center-of-mass energy of the collision [Formula: see text] (or vs. centrality/number of participants), should show a jump at the value of [Formula: see text] beyond which the QGP formation occurs. This should happen irrespective of the shape of the overall plot of R* vs. [Formula: see text]. Recent data from RHIC on Λ*/Λ vs. N part for large values of N part may be indicative of such a behavior, though there are large error bars. We give a list of several other such candidate hadronic states.
15
Park, Jonghan. "Open charm and beauty measurements from small to large systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 259 (2022): 12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225912010.
Abstract:
Heavy-flavor quarks (i.e. charm and beauty) are essential probes to investigate the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. The measurement of the nuclear modification factor (RAA) gives insight into the in-medium parton energy loss in heavy-ion collisions. Furthermore, the measurements of heavy-flavor elliptic flow (v2) provide crucial information about the degree of thermalization of heavy quarks in the QGP, the path-length dependence of heavy-quark in-medium energy loss, and possible recombination effects. The higher flow harmonics, such as the triangular flow (v3), provide further constraints on the effect of fluctuations in the initial state of the system. The measurements in proton-proton (pp) collisions allow for testing perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations and are needed as a baseline for investigating the medium effects in heavy-ion collisions. In this contribution, recent results of open charm and beauty production measured with the ALICE detector are discussed.
16
Vanek, Jan. "Open-Charm Hadron Measurements in Au+Au Collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV by the STAR Experiment." Universe 5, no. 9 (September 7, 2019): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5090196.
Abstract:
Study of the open-charm hadron production in heavy-ion collisions is crucial for understanding the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. In these papers, we report on a selection of recent STAR measurements of open-charm hadrons in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV , using the Heavy-Flavor Tracker. In particular, the nuclear modification factors of D 0 and D ± mesons, elliptic and directed flow of D 0 mesons, D s /D 0 and Λ c / D 0 yield ratios are discussed. The observed suppression of D 0 and D ± mesons suggests strong interactions of the charm quarks with the QGP. The measured elliptic flow of D 0 mesons is large and follows the NCQ scaling, suggesting that charm quarks may be close to thermal equilibrium with the QGP medium. Both D s /D 0 and Λ c / D 0 yield ratios are found to be enhanced in Au+Au collisions. The enhancement can be explained by models incorporating coalescence hadronization of charm quarks. In addition, the directed flow of the D 0 mesons is measured to be negative and larger than that of light-flavor mesons which is in a qualitative agreement with hydrodynamic model predictions with a tilted QGP bulk.
17
Jaelani, Syaefudin. "Measurement of the D-meson Nuclear Modification Factor and Elliptic Flow in Pb–Pb Collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV with ALICE at the LHC." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (January 2018): 1860018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194518600182.
Abstract:
Heavy-flavour hadrons are effective probes to study the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The ALICE Collaboration measured the D-mesons (D0, D[Formula: see text], D*[Formula: see text] and D[Formula: see text]) production in Pb–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] = 5.02 TeV. The in-medium energy loss can be studied by means of the nuclear modification factor ([Formula: see text]). The comparison between the D[Formula: see text] and the non-strange D-meson [Formula: see text] can help to study the hadronisation mechanism of the charm quark in the QGP. In semi-central collisions the measurement of the D-meson elliptic flow, [Formula: see text], at low [Formula: see text] allows to investigate the participation of the heavy quarks in the collective expansion of the system while at high [Formula: see text] it constrains the path-length dependence of the energy loss. Furthermore the Event-Shape Engineering (ESE) technique is used to measure D-meson elliptic flow in order to study the coupling of the charm quarks to the light quarks of the underlying medium.
18
Heinz, Ulrich. "Quark–gluon soup — The perfectly liquid phase of QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 02 (January 20, 2015): 1530011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300112.
Abstract:
At temperatures above about 150 MeV and energy densities exceeding 500 MeV/fm3, quarks and gluons exist in the form of a plasma of free color charges that is about 1000 times hotter and a billion times denser than any other plasma ever created in the laboratory. This quark–gluon plasma (QGP) turns out to be strongly coupled, flowing like a liquid. About 35 years ago, the nuclear physics community started a program of relativistic heavy-ion collisions with the goal of producing and studying QGP under controlled laboratory conditions. This article recounts the story of its successful creation in collider experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory and CERN and the subsequent discovery of its almost perfectly liquid nature, and reports on the recent quantitatively precise determination of its thermodynamic and transport properties.
19
Kumar, Yogesh, S. S. Singh, and Poonam Jain. "Diphoton production rate in relativistic nuclear collisions." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (November 16, 2021): 124060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac36a0.
Abstract:
Abstract In this study, we have made an effort to reveal some information about the space-time evolution of quark gluon plasma (QGP). We deal with one of the important signature of quark gluon plasma from the analysis of the experimental results on electromagnetic probes which are measured at relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) and large hadron collider (LHC). Electromagnetic radiations as diphotons emitted from hot and dense matter are investigated using a phenomenological model with quasiparticle approach at temperatures above critical temperature. In this, we use thermodynamically consistent quasiparticle model composed of quarks and gluons. Due to interactions among the quarks, mass of these particles is generated in highly dense and hot matter of QGP. The mass of these particles is temperature dependent and it is found that the model works well at temperatures above the critical temperature. Thus, this work is carried out using a phenomenological model in heavy-ion collisions in the limit of high temperature and zero chemical potential. The rate of diphoton production is calculated by suitably fitted parametrization factors in quark mass. We found an appreciable enhancement using thermal quark mass as compared to dynamical quark mass in the current results of two photon production rate. The results are compared with earlier estimated diphoton production rates from QGP and hadronic matter. Our results are therefore enhanced in comparison to the other theoretical results. The estimation of diphoton emission anticipates useful insights in the relevant range of mass. So these insights on diphotons can be advantageous tool for spectroscopy and thermometry in high energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC.
20
Kumar for the ALICE Collaboration, Shyam. "Characterising Charm Jet Properties with Azimuthal Correlations of D Mesons and Charged Particles with ALICE at the LHC." Proceedings 10, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019010035.
Abstract:
Charm quarks are produced via hard parton scattering in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, hence are ideal probes to study a possible de-confined state of matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). The angular correlation of a meson containing a charm quark with other charged particles in heavy-ion collisions can help in studying the properties of QGP. Similar studies in pp collisions can give insight about the charm production mechanism while in p-Pb collisions could provide essential information to disentangle final-state QGP-induced modifications from effects caused by cold nuclear matter. In this proceedings, the results are presented for p-Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV and pp collisions at s = 13 TeV, so far the highest available energy at the LHC. The results are compared with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using PYTHIA and POWHEG event generators and with pp collision results at s = 7 TeV.
21
Abou-Salem, L. I., N. M. El Naggar, and I. A. Elmashad. "The Quark-Gluon Plasma Equation of State and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/103576.
Abstract:
The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) equation of state within a minimal length scenario or Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) is studied. The Generalized Uncertainty Principle is implemented on deriving the thermodynamics of ideal QGP at a vanishing chemical potential. We find a significant effect for the GUP term. The main features of QCD lattice results were quantitatively achieved in case ofnf=0,nf=2, andnf=2+1flavors for the energy density, the pressure, and the interaction measure. The exciting point is the large value of bag pressure especially in case ofnf=2+1flavor which reflects the strong correlation between quarks in this bag which is already expected. One can notice that the asymptotic behavior which is characterized by Stephan-Boltzmann limit would be satisfied.
22
Oliveira da Silva, Antonio Carlos. "Heavy-flavour jet properties and correlations from small to large systems measured by ALICE." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327602007.
Abstract:
The early production of heavy-flavour partons makes them an excellent probes for investigating the evolution of QCD systems. Jets tagged by the presence of a heavy-flavour hadron give access to the kinematics of the heavy partons and allow for comparisons of their production, propagation and fragmentation across different systems. Whilst traversing the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), charm and bottom quarks lose energy through interactions with the medium, at a different rate relative to light quarks and gluons. To constrain the energy loss in the QGP. the nuclear modification factor of D0-tagged jets is measured in the 0-10% most central Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 GeV/c. The properties of charm fragmentation are also investigated in pp collisions at √S = 5.02 GeV/c through measurements of the production and the momentum fraction of the D0 with respect to its jet.
23
MISCHKE, ANDRÉ. "HEAVY-FLAVOR MESON PRODUCTION AT RHIC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2011): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11051664.
Abstract:
Collisions of heavy atomic nuclei at very high beam energies allow to create and study hot QCD matter under laboratory-controlled conditions. Measurements at the SPS and RHIC facilities have yielded compelling evidence for the formation of this novel state of matter, the so-called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Due to their large mass, heavy quarks (charm and bottom) are believed to be predominantly produced in the initial state of the collision so that they probe the entire lifetime of the QGP. Thus, the investigation of heavy-flavor meson production in nucleus-nucleus collisions provides profound insight into the QGP properties. In this paper we review recent results from the RHIC facility on heavy-flavor meson production and their interaction with the QCD matter on the partonic level.
24
Busza, Wit, Krishna Rajagopal, and Wilke van der Schee. "Heavy Ion Collisions: The Big Picture and the Big Questions." Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 68, no. 1 (October 19, 2018): 339–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020852.
Abstract:
Heavy ion collisions quickly form a droplet of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) with a remarkably small viscosity. We give an accessible introduction to how to study this smallest and hottest droplet of liquid made on Earth and why it is so interesting. The physics of heavy ion collisions ranges from highly energetic quarks and gluons described by perturbative QCD to a bath of strongly interacting gluons at lower energy scales. These gluons quickly thermalize and form QGP, while the energetic partons traverse this plasma and end in a shower of particles called jets. Analyzing the final particles in various ways allows us to study the properties of QGP and the complex dynamics of multiscale processes in QCD that govern its formation and evolution, providing what is perhaps the simplest form of complex quantum matter that we know of. Much remains to be understood, and throughout the review big open questions are encountered.
25
Singh, S. Somorendro, and Yogesh Kumar. "Dilepton production in thermal-dependent baryonic quark–gluon plasma." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 1 (January 2014): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2012-0554.
Abstract:
We evolute a fireball of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) at thermal-dependent chemical potential (TDCP) through a statistical model in the pionic medium. The evolution of the fireball is explained through the free energy created in the pionic medium. We study the dilepton production at TDCP from such a fireball of QGP and hadronic phase. In this model, we take a finite quark mass dependence on temperature and parametrization factor. The temperature and factor enhance in the growth of the droplet formation of quarks and gluons as well as in the dilepton production rates. The production rate shows dilepton spectrum in the low mass region of the lepton pair as 0–1.2 GeV and in the intermediate mass region of 1.0–4.0 GeV. The rate of production is observed to be a strong increasing function of the TDCP for quark and antiquark annihilation. We compare the result of dilepton production at this TDCP with the production rate of the recent dilepton productions at zero and finite baryonic chemical potential and found the result far ahead in the production rates of dilepton at TDCP.
26
Grosa, Fabrizio. "Experimental overview on open-heavy flavours." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429601029.
Abstract:
Heavy flavours, i.e. charm and beauty quarks, are recognised as excellent probes of the colour-deconfined medium created in ultrarelativistic heavy–ion collisions, the quark–gluon plasma (QGP). In this document, the most recent measurements of heavy-flavour hadrons in heavy-ion collisions are summarised. Measurements of nuclear modification factors and angular anisotropies of open charm and beauty hadrons are reported to investigate the properties of the heavy-quark interactions in the QGP. A particular focus is given to the measurement of heavy-flavour baryons and hadrons with strangequark content for the study of the hadronisation mechanisms in both heavy–ion and proton–proton collisions. Finally, the polarisation of the charm vector mesons D*+ and J/ψ in heavy–ion collisions is presented.
27
Kumar, Yogesh, and Poonam Jain. "Phenomenological modeling of the photon production rate from the QGP at finite quark chemical potential." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 33 (November 26, 2015): 1550196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15501961.
Abstract:
We show the extended calculation of leading order process for photon production from Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP) using a finite quark mass incorporating phenomenological parameter of quarks and gluons with the effect of quark chemical potential. The photon emission rate is observed in the range of low and intermediate transverse momentum. Our modified results of photon production give significant contribution in the range of quark phenomenological parameter, i.e. [Formula: see text] of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The results obtained are compared with other results.
28
Ц, Баатар, Тогоо Р, and Хүрэлбаатар Б. "5500 ГэВ/нуклон энергитэй Pb+Pb үйлчлэлээр үүссэн саармаг бөөмсийг загварчлах." Физик сэтгүүл 10, no. 179 (March 13, 2022): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/physics.v10i179.501.
Abstract:
The aim of high energy heavy ion physics is to study strong interacting matter at extreme energy densities. QCD predicts that, an sufficiently high energy density, there will be a phase transition from hadron matter to a plasma of deconfined quarks and gluons called a Quark-Glu Plasma(QGP). Such a phase transition would have taken place in the ea Universe some 10-5 seconds after the Big Bang and may still play a role in the core of collapsing neutron stars.
29
Plumari, Salvatore, Santosh K. Das, Francesco Scardina, Vincenzo Minissale, and Vincenzo Greco. "Heavy Quark Dynamics toward thermalization: RAA, υ1, υ2, υ3." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 18014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817118014.
Abstract:
We describe the propagation of Heavy quarks (HQs) in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) within a relativistic Boltzmann transport (RBT) approach. The interaction between heavy quarks and light quarks is described within quasi-particle approach which is able to catch the main features of non-perturbative interaction as the increasing of the interaction in the region of low temperature near TC. In our calculations the hadronization of charm quarks in D mesons is described by mean of an hybrid model of coalescence plus fragmentation. We show that the coalescence play a key role to get a good description of the experimental data for the nuclear suppression factor RAA and the elliptic flow υ2(pT) at both RHIC and LHC energies. Moreover, we show some recent results on the direct flow υ1 and triangular flow υ3 of D meson.
30
on behalf of ALICE collaboration, Preeti Dhankher. "Multiplicity Dependence of Heavy-Flavour Hadron Decay Electron Production in Collisions at √sNN = 8.16 Measured with ALICE at the LHC." Proceedings 10, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019010028.
Abstract:
A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) at the Large Hadron collider (LHC) is a heavy-ion dedicated experiment designed to study nuclear matter at extreme condition of high temperature and high density at which quarks are deconfined and give rise to a new state of matter known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Heavy flavours (charm and beauty), are produced in the initial stages of hadronic collisions in hard scattering processes and therefore are effective probes to study the QGP. In this contribution, recent measurements of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays, their nuclear modification factor and the self-normalised yield measured up to 14 in collisions at √sNN = 8.16 TeV collected in LHC Run2 in 2016 are presented.
31
JACOBSEN, RAFAEL B., GUILHERME F. MARRANGHELLO, CÉSAR A. Z. VASCONCELLOS, and ALEXANDRE MESQUITA. "QUARK–GLUON PLASMA IN A BAG MODEL WITH A SOFT SURFACE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 13, no. 07 (August 2004): 1431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180400564x.
Abstract:
We analyze the implications of quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to model, respectively, two distinct phases of nuclear matter, a baryon–meson phase and a quark–gluon phase. We develop an equation of state (EoS) in the framework of a quark–meson coupling model for the hadron–meson phase using a new version of the fuzzy bag model with scalar–isoscalar, vector–isoscalar and vector–isovector meson–quark couplings and leptonic degrees of freedom as well as the constrains from chemical equilibrium, baryon number and electric charge conservation. We model the EoS for the QGP phase for asymptotically free massless quarks and gluons using the MIT approach and a temperature and baryon chemical potential dependent bag constant, B(T,μ), which allows an isentropic equilibrium phase transition from a QGP to a hadron gas as determined by thermodynamics. Our predictions yield the EoS and static global properties of neutron stars and protoneutron stars at low and moderate values of temperature. Our results are slightly modified in comparison to predictions based on the standard MIT bag model with a constant bag pressure B.
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Wang, Sa, Wei Dai, Enke Wang, Xin-Nian Wang, and Ben-Wei Zhang. "Heavy-Flavour Jets in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions." Symmetry 15, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030727.
Abstract:
Reconstructed jets initiated from heavy quarks provide a powerful tool to probe the properties of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) and to explore the mass hierarchy of jet quenching. In this article, we review the recent theoretical progresses on heavy-flavour jets in high-energy nuclear collisions at the RHIC and LHC. We focus on the yields and substructures of charm and bottom quark jets with jet-quenching effects, such as the nuclear modification factors, transverse momentum imbalance, angular correlation, radial profiles, fragmentation functions, the “dead-cone” effect, etc.
33
Younis, Taghreed A., and Hadi J. M. Al-Agealy. "Study and Investigation of Hard Photons Emission in Heavy Ion Collisions." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 2 (March 20, 2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.2.nq21018.
Abstract:
This work involves hard photon rate production from quark -gluon plasma QGP interaction in heavy ion collision. Using a quantum chromodynamic model to investigate and calculation of photons rate in 𝑐𝑔 → 𝑠𝑔𝛾 system due to strength coupling, photons rate, temperature of system, flavor number and critical. The photons rate production computed using the perturbative strength models for QGP interactions. The strength coupling was function of temperature of system, flavor number and critical temperature. Its influenced by force with temperature of system, its increased with decreased the temperature and vice versa. The strength coupling has used to examine the confinement and deconfinement of quarks in QGP properties and influence on the photon rate production. In our approach, we calculate the photons rate depending on the strength coupling, photons rate and temperature of system with other factors. The results plotted as a function of the photons energy. The photons rate was decreased with increased temperature and increased with decreased with strength coupling.
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Bailhache, Raphaelle. "Physics programme of the ALICE 3 experiment for the LHC Runs 5 and 6." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327605002.
Abstract:
Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are used to study the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, similar to those of the early universe. In such collisions a deconfined state of quarks and gluons, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), is formed. Nuclear collisions at the LHC provide access to the highest-temperature, longest-lived experimentally accessible QGP. After three years of Long Shutdown and intensive installation of detector and accelerator upgrades, ALICE is about to take data at a peak Pb–Pb collision rate of 50 kHz to further characterize the properties of the QGP. Even after the ambitious scientific programme for the upcoming Runs 3 and 4, open questions will remain. Therefore, a next-generation LHC heavy-ion experiment ALICE 3 is proposed for the 2030s. It should give access to next-level measurements of electromagnetic probes and heavy-flavour hadrons, including multi-charm states and exotic hadrons, inaccessible in the LHC Runs 3 and 4.
35
Trainor, Thomas A. "A critical review of RHIC experimental results." International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, no. 08 (August 2014): 1430011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314300112.
Abstract:
The relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) was constructed to achieve an asymptotic state of nuclear matter in heavy-ion collisions, a near-ideal gas of deconfined quarks and gluons denoted quark–gluon plasma or QGP. RHIC collisions are indeed very different from the hadronic processes observed at the Bevalac and AGS, but high-energy elementary-collision mechanisms are also non-hadronic. The two-component model (TCM) combines measured properties of elementary collisions with the Glauber eikonal model to provide an alternative asymptotic limit for A–A collisions. RHIC data have been interpreted to indicate formation of a strongly-coupled QGP (sQGP) or "perfect liquid". In this review, I consider the experimental evidence that seems to support such conclusions and alternative evidence that may conflict with those conclusions and suggest different interpretations.
36
Judith, Katongo, and Davy Kabuswa Manyika. "Gluon jets evolution in the quest for new physics." Physics & Astronomy International Journal 7, no. 2 (May 5, 2023): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/paij.2023.07.00293.
Abstract:
In this paper, our task is to review the evolution of Gluon Jets in view of the quest for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) – the so called New Physics (NP). One of the major goals of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is to understand a new mode of matter called the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). This seemingly new form of matter consists of a confinement of quarks and gluons observed at very high temperature and density. This paper focuses on heavy ion collisions in order to get an understanding of the interaction of high momentum partons. It is these highly sophisticated interactions that probe quantum chromodynamics theorem at very high temperatures and densities. This results in the QGP phase of NP via propagation of very energetic Gluon Jets.
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Mitrankov, Iu M., E. V. Bannikov, A. Ya Berdnikov, Ya A. Berdnikov, and D. O. Kotov. "Elliptic flow for φ-mesons in Cu+Au and U+U collisions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012133.
Abstract:
Abstract An important goal of current ultra-relativistic heavy ion research is the investigation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Measurements of elliptic flow lend insight on reaction dynamics and are important for defining parameters of viscous hydrodynamic, which can describe QGP behavior. In this paper elliptic flow for φ-mesons in Cu+Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV and in U+U collisions at s N N = 193 GeV GeV is studied as a function of kinetic properties and centrality. The obtained results are compared to hydrodynamic model predictions. New FVTX detector and combinations of different approaches of flow measurements provide a possibility to measure the elliptic flow for the φ-mesons for the first time as a function of centrality at PHENIX. The elliptic flow for φ-mesons in Cu+Au and U+U collisions as function of transverse kinetic energy per one quark follows the trend for other hadrons with respect to the number of quarks in hadrons, regardless of centrality. This result along with agreement of obtained data to hydrodynamic model iEBE-VISHNU predictions suggests that QGP can be described with viscous hydrodynamic with specific viscosity η/s = 1/(4π).
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Oliva, Lucia, Maria Lucia Sambataro, Yifeng Sun, Vincenzo Minissale, Salvatore Plumari, and Vincenzo Greco. "Heavy-flavor anisotropic flow at RHIC and LHC energies within a full transport approach." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327602016.
Abstract:
The propagation of heavy quarks (HQs) in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is described by means of a full Boltzmann transport approach. The nonperturbative dynamics and the interaction between HQs and the bulk is taken into account by means of a Quasi-Particle Model. Including the intense electromagnetic and vortical fields, we discuss their impact on the directed flow of neutral D mesons at RHIC energy, clarifying the role of this observable in giving information on QGP transport properties. We also show a novel study of the correlations between different flow coefficients of D mesons and soft hadrons at LHC energy within a coalescence plus fragmentation hadronization scheme and including event-by-event initial state fluctuations. This investigations can put further constraints on HQ transport coefficients towards a solid determination in comparison to the lattice QCD calculations.
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WANG, XIN-NIAN. "HEAVY ION THEORY: QCD AND MATTER IN EXTREMIS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 30 (December 10, 2007): 5474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07038736.
Abstract:
Nuclear matter is predicted to undergo a phase transition and become a plasma of quarks and gluons (QGP) at high temperature and density. Recent experimental results from high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-ion Collider (RHIC) indicate the production of a strongly interacting quark-gluon matter with fluid-like properties. I will discuss some expected features of QCD at high temperature and density, theoretical interpretations of experimental observations and challenges in unraveling some of the basic properties of dense matter in the strongly interacting regime.
40
Stojanovic, Milan. "Measurement of nonprompt and prompt D0 azimuthal anisotropy in Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327602011.
Abstract:
Heavy quarks are primarily produced via initial hard scatterings, and thus carry information about the early stages of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy of the final-state heavy flavor hadrons provide information about the initial collision geometry, its fluctuation, and more importantly, the mass dependence of energy loss in QGP. Due to the larger bottom quark mass as compared to the charm quark mass, separate measurements of charm and bottom hadron azimuthal anisotropy can shed new light on understanding the dependence of the heavy quark and medium interaction. Because of the high branching ratio and large D0 mass, measurements of D0 meson coming from bottom hadron decay (nonprompt D0) can cover a broad kinematic range and be a good proxy of the parent bottom hadrons results. In this talk, we report on the prompt D0 and the first nonprompt D0 measurements of the azimuthal anisotropy elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) coefficients of nonprompt D0 in PbPb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV. The measurements are performed as functions of transverse momentum pT, in three centrality classes, from central to midcentral collisions. Compared to the prompt D0 results, the nonprompt D0 v2 flow coefficients are systematically lower but have a similar dependence on pT and centrality. A non-zero v3 coefficient of the nonprompt D0 is observed. The obtained results are compared with theoretical predictions. The comparison could provide new constraints on the theoretical description of the interaction between heavy quarks and the medium.
41
Rusak, Yu A., and L. F. Babichev. "Monte-Carlo simulation of the 1st order hadron-QGP phase transition in heavy ion collisions using a parton model." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series 56, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-2430-2020-56-1-84-91.
Abstract:
Quark gluon plasma (QGP) is a special state of nuclear matter where quarks and gluons behave like free particles. Recently, a number of investigations of this state with high temperature and/or density have been conducted using collisions of relativistic and ultra-relativistic heavy nuclei. It is accepted that depending on the temperature and density, 1st or the 2nd order phase transitions take place in hadron matter during the formation of QGP. Herein, we have modeled heavy ion collisions using a HIJING Monte-Carlo generator, taking into account the description of the 1st order phase transition as a probabilistic process. We analyzed the behavior of the fluctuations of the total (N = N+ – N–) and resultant (Q = N+ – N–) electric charges of the system. Different phases were introduced using the BDMPS (Baier – Dokshitzer – Mueller – Piegne – Schiff) model of parton energy loss during crossing through a dense nuclear medium.
42
Bai, Xiaozhi. "Recent charmonium measurements in Pb–Pb collisions with ALICE." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 09008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429609008.
Abstract:
Charmonia have long been recognized as a valuable probe of the nuclear matter in extreme conditions, the strongly interacting medium created in heavy-ion collisions known as quark-gluon plasma (QGP). At LHC energies, the (re-)generation process due to the abundantly produced charm quarks, was found to considerably affect measured charmonium observables. Comprehensive production measurements of charmonia, including both ground and excited states, are crucial to discriminate among different (re-)generation scenarios assumed in theoretical calculations. In addition, the spin-alignment of charmonia can be affected by the strong magnetic field and the large angular momentum of the medium in non-central heavy-ion collisions. Finally, the non-prompt charmonium, grants a direct insight into the nuclear modification factor of beauty hadrons, which is expected to be sensitive to the energy loss experienced by the ancestor beauty quarks inside the QGP. In this contribution, newly published results of inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production, obtained in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV, are presented. Recently published results of J/ψ polarization with respect to the event plane at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV are also discussed. Results are compared to available model calculations.
43
Thomas, Deepa, and Fabio Colamaria. "Recent Findings from Heavy-Flavor Angular Correlation Measurements in Hadronic Collisions." Universe 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2024): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe10030109.
Abstract:
The study of angular correlations of heavy-flavor particles in hadronic collisions can provide crucial insight into the heavy quark production, showering, and hadronization processes. The comparison with model predictions allows us to discriminate among different approaches for heavy quark production and hadronization, as well as different treatments of the underlying event employed by the models to reproduce correlation observables. In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where a deconfined state of matter, the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), is created, heavy-flavor correlations can shed light on the modification of the heavy quark fragmentation due to the interaction between charm and beauty quarks with the QGP constituents, as well as characterize their energy loss processes while traversing the medium. Insight into the possible emergence of collective-like mechanisms in smaller systems, resembling those observed in heavy-ion collisions, can also be obtained by performing correlation studies in high-multiplicity proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions. In this review, the most recent and relevant measurements of heavy-flavor correlations performed in all collision systems at the LHC and RHIC will be presented, and the new understandings that they provide will be discussed.
44
Zhang, Shan-Liang, Hongxi Xing, and Enke Wang. "Jet quenching in heavy-ion collisions." Acta Physica Sinica 72, no. 20 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20230993.
Abstract:
One of the main goals of high-energy nuclear physics is to explore the fundamental properties of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a new state of QCD matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. In which the energetic quarks and gluons, known as fast partons, created prior to the formation of the QGP, traverse the hot-dense medium and experience strong interactions with the constituents of the medium, and eventually lead to the attenuation of jet energy. Such a novel phenomenon, referred to as jet quenching, plays an essential role in probing the transport properties of the QGP. The objective of this paper is to review some of the latest experimental and theoretical progress on jet quenching, such as medium modification on the large <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$p_T$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="20-20230993_M1.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="20-20230993_M1.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula> hadrons, full jets, and jet substructures in heavy-ion collisions, as well as the challenges in the forefront theoretical investigations.
45
Kisslinger, Leonard S. "Review of Charmonium and Bottomonium Quark State Production via Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions." Universe 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe6010013.
Abstract:
This is a review of the production of heavy quark states via relativistic heavy ion collisions in RHIC. The heavy quarks here are c, charm quark, and b, bottom quark. The states are charmonium meson states Ψ ( n S ) , with n = 1,2 and upsilon meson states Υ ( m S ) , with m = 1,2,3. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) sum rules were used to derive the result that the Ψ ( 2 S ) and Υ ( 3 S ) are mixed hybrid states, which increase their production cross sections. We also review the Ψ ( n S ) and Υ ( m S ) production cross sections via Cu-Cu and Au-Au collisions, which are very important for this review of the production of heavy quark states in RHIC. The possible detection of the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) is also reviewed.
46
Shi, Shuzhe, Kai Zhou, Jiaxing Zhao, Swagato Mukherjee, and Pengfei Zhuang. "From lattice QCD to in-medium heavy-quark interactions via deep learning." EPJ Web of Conferences 259 (2022): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225904003.
Abstract:
Bottomonium states are key probes for experimental studies of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in high-energy nuclear collisions. Theoretical models of bottomonium productions in high-energy nuclear collisions rely on the in-medium interactions between the bottom and antibottom quarks, which can be characterized by real (VR(T, r)) and imaginary (VI(T, r)) potentials, as functions of temperature and spatial separation. Recently, the masses and thermal widths of up to 3S and 2P bottomonium states in QGP were calculated using lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD). Starting from these LQCD results and through a novel application of deep neural network (DNN), here, we obtain model-independent results for VR(T, r) and VI(T, r). The temperature dependence of VR(T, r) was found to be very mild between T ≈ 0 − 330 MeV. Meanwhile, VI(T, r) shows rapid increase with T and r, which is much larger than the perturbation theory based expectations.
47
Hussein, Ahmed, M. A. Mahmoud, Ayman A. Aly, M. N. El-Hammamy, and Yasser Mohammed. "Strangeness Production from Proton–Proton Collisions at Different Energies by Using Monte Carlo Simulation." Universe 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8110590.
Abstract:
Nuclear matter, at sufficiently energy density and high temperature, undergoes a transition to a state of strongly interacting QCD matter in which quarks and gluons are not confined known as the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). QGP is usually produced in high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei in the laboratory, where an enhancement of strange hadrons’ production is observed. Many of the effects which are typical of heavy ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton–proton (pp) collisions. The enhancement of strange particles’ production in pp collisions was reported at s=7 TeV and s=13 TeV in 2017 and 2020, respectively, and it was found that the integrated yields of strange particles, relative to pions, increase notably with the charged-particle multiplicity of events. Here, we report the multiplicity dependence of strange particles at |y|<0.5 in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV, 13 TeV, 20 TeV, and 27 TeV from a Monte Carlo simulation using PYTHIA8, EPOS-LHC, and Herwig7.
48
He, Min. "Bottom-hadron production in high-energy pp and heavy-ion collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429609002.
Abstract:
The hadro-chemistry of bottom quarks produced in hadronic collisions encodes valuable information on the mechanism of color-neutralization in these reactions. We first compute the chemistry of bottom-hadrons in high-energy pp collisions employing statistical hadronization with a largely augmented set of states beyond the currently measured spectrum. This enables a comprehensive prediction of fragmentation fractions of weakly decaying bottom hadrons for the first time and a satisfactory explanation of the existing measurements in pp collisions at the LHC. Utilizing the bottom hadro-chemistry thus obtained as the baseline, we then perform transport simulations of bottom quarks in the hot QCD matter created in PbPb collisions at the LHC energy and calculate the pertinent bottom-hadron observables. The transverse momentum (pT) dependent modifications of the bottom baryon-to-meson ratio (Λb0/B-) relative to their pp counterparts are highlighted as a result of bottom quark diffusion and hadronization in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). We finally summarize the heavy quark (charm vs bottom) diffusion coefficients as extracted from transport simulations and compare them to result from recent full lattice QCD computations.
49
Pari, Sharareh Mehrabi, Kurosh Javidan, and Fatemeh Taghavi Shahri. "Viscosity to entropy ratio of QGP in relativistic heavy ion collision: Hard thermal loop corrections." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 06 (June 2016): 1650040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316500403.
Abstract:
In this work, we report on our computation results for the best value of the shear viscosity to entropy ratio of quark–gluon plasma produced in the relativistic Au–Au collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV. Time evolution of heavy quarks distribution functions is calculated by solving the Fokker–Planck evolution equation using the new technique: Iterative Laplace transform method. We compute the drag and diffusion coefficients by considering the hard thermal loop corrections and also temperature dependence running strong coupling, up to complete interactions of leading order.
50
Colamaria, Fabio. "Open heavy-flavour measurements with ALICE at the LHC." EPJ Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 00016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819200016.
Abstract:
Heavy quarks are produced in the early stages of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and their number is preserved throughout the subsequent evolution of the system. Therefore, they constitute ideal probes for characterising the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) medium and for the study of its transport properties. In particular, heavy quarks interact with the partonic constituents of the plasma, losing energy, and are expected to be sensitive to the medium collective motion induced by its hydrodynamical evolution. In pp collisions, the measurement of heavy-flavour hadron production provides a reference for heavyion studies, and allows also testing perturbative QCD calculations in a wide range of collision energies. Similar studies in p-Pb collisions help in disentangling cold nuclear matter effects from modifications induced by the presence of a QGP medium, and are also useful to investigate the possible existence of collective phenomena also in this system. The ALICE detector provides excellent performances in terms of particle identification and vertexing capabilities. Hence, it is fully suited for the reconstruction of charmed mesons and baryons and of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at central rapidity. Furthermore, the ALICE muon spectrometer allows reconstructing heavy-flavour decay muons at forward rapidity. A review of the main ALICE results on open heavy flavour production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions is presented. Recent, more differential measurements are also shown, including azimuthal correlations of heavy-flavour particles with charged hadrons in p-Pb collisions, and D-meson tagged-jet production in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions.