Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plaque reduction assay

Academic literature on the topic 'Plaque reduction assay'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Plaque reduction assay"

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Li, Xinhui, and Haiqiang Chen. "Evaluation of the Porcine Gastric Mucin Binding Assay for High-Pressure-Inactivation Studies Using Murine Norovirus and Tulane Virus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 2 (October 31, 2014): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02971-14.

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ABSTRACTWe compared the results of high-hydrostatic-pressure (HHP) inactivation of murine norovirus type 1 (MNV-1) and Tulane virus (TV) obtained by a porcine gastric mucin binding assay followed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (referred to here as the PGM-MB/PCR assay) and a plaque assay and evaluated HHP inactivation of a human norovirus (HuNoV) genogroup I genotype 1 (GI.1) strain and a HuNoV GII.4 strain by using the PGM-MB/PCR assay. Viruses were treated at different pressure levels for 2 min at 4 or 21°C in culture medium of neutral pH and in culture medium of pH 4 at 21°C. The log reductions of infectious MNV-1 and TV particles caused by HHP were assessed using the PGM-MB/PCR and plaque assays, while the log reductions of HuNoVs were assessed by the PGM-MB/PCR assay only. For TV and MNV-1, the two pressure inactivation curves obtained using the plaque and PGM-MB/PCR assays were almost identical at ≤2-log-reduction levels regardless of the treatment temperature and pH. Further increasing the pressure over the 2-log-reduction level resulted in higher log reductions of TV and MNV-1, as assessed by the plaque assay, but did not increase the log reductions, as assessed by the PGM-MB/PCR assay. HHP treatments could achieve maximum reductions of ∼3 and 3.5 log units for GI.1 and GII.4, respectively, as assessed by the PGM-MB/PCR assay. On the basis of these results, it can reasonably be concluded that the PGM-MB/PCR assay would very likely be able to estimate HHP inactivation of HuNoV at ≤2-log-reduction levels. It would also likely conservatively quantify HHP inactivation of the GI.1 strain at 2- to 3-log-reduction levels and the GII.4 strain at 2- to 3.5-log-reduction levels.
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Arias-Arias, Jorge L., Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar, and Rodrigo A. Mora-Rodríguez. "A Fluorescent Real-Time Plaque Assay Enables Single-Cell Analysis of Virus-Induced Cytopathic Effect by Live-Cell Imaging." Viruses 13, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071193.

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Conventional plaque assays rely on the use of overlays to restrict viral infection allowing the formation of distinct foci that grow in time as the replication cycle continues leading to countable plaques that are visualized with standard techniques such as crystal violet, neutral red, or immunolabeling. This classical approach takes several days until large enough plaques can be visualized and counted with some variation due to subjectivity in plaque recognition. Since plaques are clonal lesions produced by virus-induced cytopathic effect, we applied DNA fluorescent dyes with differential cell permeability to visualize them by live-cell imaging. We could observe different stages of that cytopathic effect corresponding to an early wave of cells with chromatin-condensation followed by a wave of dead cells with membrane permeabilization within plaques generated by different animal viruses. This approach enables an automated plaque identification using image analysis to increase single plaque resolution compared to crystal violet counterstaining and allows its application to plaque tracking and plaque reduction assays to test compounds for both antiviral and cytotoxic activities. This fluorescent real-time plaque assay sums to those next-generation technologies by combining this robust classical method with modern fluorescence microscopy and image analysis approaches for future applications in virology.
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Naveed, Khalid, Aqeel Javeed, Muhammad Ashraf, Amjad Riaz, Aamir Ghafoor, and Adeel Sattar. "Effect of nabumetone on humoral immune responses in mice." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 3 (May 2020): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11460.

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ABSTRACT Nabumetone is used to reduce the pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. In the current study, immunomodulatory effect of Nabumetone is investigated in mice. The control group was administered normal saline orally as placebo. Nabumetone was administered orally via gavage in two treatment groups at 14mg/kg.b.w. doses and 28mg/kgb.w., respectively. Haemagglutination (HA) assay, Jerne hemolytic plaque and mice lethality assays were applied. In HA assay, the titer was significantly decreased in Nabumetone treatment groups (P< 0.001). In Jerne hemolytic plaque formation assay, there was a significant reduction (P< 0.001) in number of plaques in Nabumetone treated groups when compared with control. In mice lethality assay, there was a significant difference in mortality ratio of mice in control and Nabumetone treated groups (P< 0.001). Therefore, it is concluded that Nabumetone suppresses the humoral immune response in mice.
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Leary, Jeffry J., Robert Wittrock, Robert T. Sarisky, Adriana Weinberg, and Myron J. Levin. "Susceptibilities of Herpes Simplex Viruses to Penciclovir and Acyclovir in Eight Cell Lines." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 3 (March 2002): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.3.762-768.2002.

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ABSTRACT The commonly used antiviral drugs acyclovir (ACV) and penciclovir (PCV) possess similarly potent antiviral activities in vivo against herpes simplex virus (HSV). Assay methods for sensitivity to ACV are not necessarily transferable to PCV, even though the two drugs have similar in vivo potencies and mechanisms of action. We determined by plaque reduction assay the relative activities of ACV and PCV against five laboratory-adapted strains of HSV types 1 and 2 (including sensitive and resistant strains) in seven human cell lines and one nonhuman primate cell line. Seven characteristics were used to evaluate the cell lines. All cell lines were similar in their plating efficiencies and abilities to discriminate between sensitive and resistant HSV isolates. Vero and MRC-5 cells yielded the most discordant 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) for the two HSV types, while Vero and WI-38 VA-13 cells yielded large differences in the IC50s of ACV and PCV. The limited life spans and poor plaque morphologies of the fibroblast lines were undesirable characteristics. Among the transformed cell lines producing well-defined plaques, A549 cells provided the best concordance between IC50s for the two HSV types and two antiherpes drugs. Comparison experiments with a yield reduction format indicated that the use of assays of this type might allow some of the cell-specific properties observed in plaque reduction assays to be avoided.
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McSharry, James M., Nell S. Lurain, George L. Drusano, Alan Landay, Jody Manischewitz, Mostafa Nokta, Maurice O’Gorman, et al. "Flow Cytometric Determination of Ganciclovir Susceptibilities of Human Cytomegalovirus Clinical Isolates." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 4 (1998): 958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.4.958-964.1998.

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A flow cytometric assay has been developed for the measurement of susceptibilities to ganciclovir of laboratory strains and clinical isolates of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The assay uses fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies to HCMV immediate-early and late antigens to identify HCMV-infected cells and flow cytometry to detect and quantitate the number of antigen-positive cells. By this assay, the 50 and 90% inhibitory concentrations (IC50 and IC90, respectively) of ganciclovir for the AD169 strain of HCMV were 1.7 and 9.2 μM, respectively, and the IC50 for the ganciclovir-resistant D6/3/1 derivative of the AD169 strain was greater than 12 μM. The ganciclovir susceptibilities of 17 HCMV clinical isolates were also determined by flow cytometric analysis of the effect of ganciclovir on late-antigen synthesis in HCMV-infected cells. The average IC50 of ganciclovir for drug-sensitive HCMV clinical isolates was 3.79 μM (±2.60). The plaque-reduction assay for these clinical isolates yielded an average IC50of 2.80 μM (±1.46). Comparison of the results of the flow cytometry assays with those obtained from the plaque-reduction assays demonstrated acceptable bias and precision. Flow cytometric and plaque-reduction analysis of cells infected with ganciclovir-resistant clinical isolates failed to show a reduction in the percentage of late-antigen-positive cells or PFU, even at 96 μM ganciclovir. The flow cytometric assay for determining ganciclovir susceptibility of HCMV is quantitative, and objective, and potentially automatable, and its results are reproducible among laboratories.
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de Graaf, Miranda, Sander Herfst, Eefje J. A. Schrauwen, Bernadette G. van den Hoogen, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, and Ron A. M. Fouchier. "An improved plaque reduction virus neutralization assay for human metapneumovirus." Journal of Virological Methods 143, no. 2 (August 2007): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.03.005.

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Stránská, Růžena, Rob Schuurman, David R. Scholl, Joseph A. Jollick, Carl J. Shaw, Caroline Loef, Merjo Polman, and Anton M. van Loon. "ELVIRA HSV, a Yield Reduction Assay for Rapid Herpes Simplex Virus Susceptibility Testing." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 6 (June 2004): 2331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.6.2331-2333.2004.

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ABSTRACT A colorimetric yield reduction assay, ELVIRA (enzyme-linked virus inhibitor reporter assay) HSV, was developed to determine the antiviral drug susceptibilities of herpes simplex virus (HSV). It uses an HSV-inducible reporter cell line. This simple and rapid assay has an objective readout, low inoculum size, and good reproducibility. The results correlate well with those of the plaque reduction assay.
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Haralambieva, Iana H., Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Robert A. Vierkant, and Gregory A. Poland. "Development of a Novel Efficient Fluorescence-Based Plaque Reduction Microneutralization Assay for Measles Virus Immunity." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 15, no. 7 (May 7, 2008): 1054–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00008-08.

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ABSTRACT The measurement of functional measles virus-specific neutralizing antibodies is of considerable interest for vaccine-related research. In this study, we developed and standardized a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and reproducible fluorescence-based plaque reduction microneutralization (PRMN) assay with visual and automated readout, using a recombinant measles virus engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein. The assay is performed in micro format, requires less time to complete (2 versus 4 to 7 days), and is less labor-intensive and less costly than the classical plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) test, widely accepted as the “gold standard” in measles serology. Two available WHO international anti-measles virus standards and one in-house reference serum were used to develop and standardize the new assay. The mean PRMN values from repeated assays were found to be similar to those reported in the literature or assigned to the WHO standards by the classical PRN assay. For validation, we used three groups of low, moderate, and high measles virus vaccine responders’ sera with moderate values of correlation in antibody levels (mIU/ml) between PRMN and the Dade Behring immunoglobulin G enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The PRMN assay was more sensitive at low antibody levels and more informative in terms of protection than this commercial EIA. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a sensitive and high-throughput measles virus-specific PRMN that can be readily used in large population-based measles studies.
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Landry, Marie L., Sylvia Stanat, Karen Biron, Donald Brambilla, William Britt, Janet Jokela, Sunwen Chou, et al. "A Standardized Plaque Reduction Assay for Determination of Drug Susceptibilities of Cytomegalovirus Clinical Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.3.688-692.2000.

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ABSTRACT Twelve laboratories collaborated in formulating and testing a standardized plaque reduction assay for cytomegalovirus (CMV) cell-associated clinical isolates. Four characterized and plaque-purified CMV strains, as well as six coded clinical isolates obtained after antiviral therapy, were distributed and tested. Good agreement was obtained for four of the clinical isolates, but a broad distribution of results was obtained for two isolates. Analysis of these results indicates the problems associated with clinical isolates, including the large genetic variability and the highly cell-associated phenotype. This collaborative effort, by addressing these problems, represents a significant step toward the development of a standardized assay.
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Schaack, Jerome, William Y. Ho, Shawna Tolman, Elizabeth Ullyat, Xiaoling Guo, Nina Frank, Paul I. Freimuth, Dick J. Roovers, and John S. Sussenbach. "Construction and Preliminary Characterization of a Library of “Lethal” Preterminal Protein Mutant Adenoviruses." Journal of Virology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 9599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.11.9599-9603.1999.

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ABSTRACT Adenoviruses containing lethal in-frame insertion mutant alleles of the preterminal protein (pTP) gene were constructed with cell lines that express pTP. Thirty in-frame insertion mutant alleles, including 26 alleles previously characterized as lethal and 4 newly constructed mutant alleles, were introduced into the viral chromosome in place of the wild-type pTP gene. The viruses were tested for ability to form plaques at 37°C in HeLa-pTP cells and at 32°C and 39.5°C in HeLa cells. Two of the newly constructed viruses exhibited temperature sensitivity for plaque formation, one virus did not form plaques in the absence of complementation, seven additional mutants exhibited a greater than 10-fold reduction in plaque formation in the absence of complementation, and another eight mutants exhibited stronger phenotypes than did previously characterized in-frame insertion mutants in the plaque assay. These mutant viruses offer promise for analysis of pTP functions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plaque reduction assay"

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Jun, Min Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Analysis of human cytomegalovirus susceptibility to novel antiviral agents." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41443.

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Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant infectious agent causing disease in immunocompromised HIV-infected patients, transplant recipients, and neonates. The current antiviral therapeutic strategy against CMV is limited in its utility due to the inherent toxicity and lack of bioavailability of currently available anti-CMV agents, ganciclovir (GCV), cidofovir (CDV), and foscarnet (FOS). The development of the prodrug of GCV, valganciclovir (val-GCV), has vastly improved the bioavailability profile of GCV. However, val-GCV demonstrates limited effectiveness against tissue-invasive CMV diseases as side effects involved with traditional intravenously administered GCV such as haematologic and reproductive toxicities remain. In addition, the emergence of antiviral resistant CMV mutant strains due to prolonged treatment with currently available antivirals necessitates the development of novel anti-CMV agents with reduced toxicity and improved bioavailability. In this study, select groups of novel compounds were analysed for their potential for further development as anti-CMV agents. Three groups of compounds were identified based on two screening methods which included the computer simulated screening process of compounds known as in silico screening and the traditional method of random screening. The first group of compounds (CATi) were identified by in silico screening against the CMV DNA polymerase catalytic aspartate triad, resulting in the identification of 31 compounds with the potential for inhibitory activity against CMV. The second group of compounds (PRO-i) were identified through in silico screening against the CMV protease, identifying a total of 18 lead compounds exhibiting structural complementarity with CMV protease. The third and final group of compounds (TPEX) were identified through random screening and consisted of plant extracts purified from tropical plants. All three compounds were initially screened for cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts. Plaque reduction assays were performed using compounds with acceptable levels of cytotoxicity to determine the ability of the compounds to inhibit the replication of the laboratory antiviral sensitive CMV strain, Towne. Two of the PRO-i compounds demonstrated good antiviral activity against CMV. Eleven percent (2/18) of the PRO-i compounds inhibited CMV replication, with PRO-i-43 and PRO-i??-44 displaying mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 4.8 ?? 1.2 ??M and 8.04 ??M, respectively. PRO-i-43 and PRO-i-44 are thus good candidates for further development as novel antiviral agents against CMV. The majority of CATi and TPEX compounds displayed significant cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts and compounds with acceptable levels of cytotoxicities did not significantly inhibit CMV replication. However, the identification of compounds with low cytotoxicities provides a good foundation for further development of novel anti-CMV agents with superior antiviral activity. In silico screening against three-dimensional viral protein models is a useful strategy for the identification of novel antiviral agents with the potential for inhibitory activity against CMV. Structural modification to produce potent derivatives of the identified anti-CMV compounds (PRO-i-43 and PRO-i-44) is a good option for the further development of novel antiviral agents against CMV. Such further examination of the identified compounds with anti-CMV activity is required to investigate their activity against not only antiviral sensitive CMV strains but also resistant CMV strains. Further investigations will yield new insights into their target, allowing further identification of compounds with potential anti-CMV activity with pharmaceutical application.
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Books on the topic "Plaque reduction assay"

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Clement, Jan, and Piet Maes. Hantaviral infections. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0188_update_001.

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Hantavirus disease is a viral zoonosis, caused by inhalation of infectious aerosolized excreta from chronically infected rodents, which are both the reservoir and the vector of different hantavirus species. Hantavirus infections manifest mainly as haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which traditionally but incorrectly were thought to be caused by exclusively Old World hantaviruses and New World hantaviruses, respectively.Hantavirus diseases are characterized by non-specific flu-like symptoms, followed by a sometimes lethal capillary leak syndrome, haemorrhage, and rarely by shock. Infection is accompanied by augmented release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which indirectly causes organ damage. Diagnosis can be made by serology or plaque reduction neutralization tests, detection of viral proteins by Western blot assay, or detection of hantavirus genome by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Treatment is mainly supportive.Together with leptospirosis, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is the only form of acute kidney injury against which vaccines are in use, but a World Health Organization-licensed vaccine is still lacking.
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Book chapters on the topic "Plaque reduction assay"

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Azami, Nor Azila Muhammad, Meng Ling Moi, and Tomohiko Takasaki. "Neutralization Assay for Chikungunya Virus Infection: Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 273–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3618-2_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plaque reduction assay"

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Cooper, P. C., D. R. Triger, H. Kennedy, R. G. Malia, and F. E. Preston. "FIBRINOLYSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS DURING ASCITES RECIRCULATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643061.

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The use of ascites recirculation in liver disease removes litres of incapacitating fluid and the patient is reinfused with the concentrated ascites, a rich source of albumin. Ascites is thought to contain plasminogen activator (PA) which may further affect deranged haemostasis in these patients. We have examined the effect that ascites recirculation has on levels of tPA, fibrinogen, FDP and platelet count on samples taken pre and approximately 4 hours into ascites recirculation. Using plasminogen rich fibrin plates we were able to demonstrate PA in unfractioned ascitic fluid (N=10, mean diameter lysis=10.2mm); this activity was quenched by addition of antibody to tPA (mean diameter lysis=0.2mm). Despite demonstrating tPA in unfractioned ascitic fluid, we were unable to demonstrate an increase in plasma tPA, mid recirculation, using a sensitive chromogenic assay (pre, geometric mean tPA = 0.061Iu/ml; mid, geometric mean tPA = 0.024Iu/ml). In addition we have also measured the effect that an intra-abdominal injection of the glucocorticoid, dexamethosone (dex), 24 hours prior to recirculation, has on PA content of the ascites, as well as the effect on coagulation screening tests. Fibrin plate lysis showed only a small, though significant reduction in mean lysis diameter in 9 of 10 patients receiving dex, (mean 11.6 to 10.2mm). Results of the coagulation tests showed marked changes during recirculation which were similar in both groups.In conclusion, we have demonstrated free tPA in unfractionated ascites fluid of patients with liver disease, and shown a small reduction in tPA level 24 hours post injection of dex in ascites. Dexamethosone did not influence the changes in coagulation profile post recirculation. We suggest that the changes in coagulation are not due to primary fibrinolysis, but may be due to either dilution effect or DIG.
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