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Academic literature on the topic 'Plants Requirements'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Plants Requirements"

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Verdonck, O., and R. Gabriëls. "SUBSTRATE REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 221 (April 1988): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1988.221.1.

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Trávníček, Petr, Luboš Kotek, Vlastimil Nejtek, Tomáš Koutný, Petr Junga, and Tomáš Vítěz. "Flare stacks on agricultural biogas plants – safety and operational requirements." Research in Agricultural Engineering 65, No. 3 (October 7, 2019): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2019-rae.

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The flare stack is a piece of equipment, which is used as a safety element at a biogas plant. In the case of a cogeneration unit or gas boiler failure, the biogas is redirected to the flare stack where it is burned. When the flare stack fails, the biogas releases to the atmosphere and an explosive mixture can form. The paper is focused on the description of the causes, which can cause the failure of the equipment. For this purpose, the individual components are described and, subsequently, the possibilities of their failure are discussed. In the next part of the work, the following scenario is considered: failure of the cogeneration unit and flare stack, the subsequent leakage of the biogas to the atmosphere. The calculation for determining the consequences of the biogas leakage is carried out. The size of the gaseous cloud and the explosion pressure in the case of a vapour cloud explosion are determined. The calculations were carried out by the software ALOHA (version 5.4.7).
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Gaderer, M., and H. Spliethoff. "Future requirements for fossil power plants." EPJ Web of Conferences 54 (2013): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20135401003.

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Prinsloo, G., J. C. Viljoen, and C. P. du Plooy. "Nitrogen fertiliser requirements of medicinal plants." South African Journal of Botany 76, no. 2 (April 2010): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.02.038.

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Handreck, Kevin A. "Phosphorus requirements of Australian native plants." Soil Research 35, no. 2 (1997): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96060.

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The phosphorus (P) requirements of Australian plants are reviewed. Many Australian plants have highly developed abilities for acquiring and conservatively using P. This is seen as an evolutionary response to the combined environmental pressures of fire, soil P levels that are in the lower part of the range for world soils, and low and eratic rainfall. In natural Australian ecosystems, more than 50% of the P in the A horizon is in organic combination. Organic matter is the main source for the growth of perennial plants, so the only successful assessments of ‘available’ P measure labile organic P and microbial P. However, the inorganic P of ashbeds is essential to the rapid establishment of fire ephemerals and tree seedlings in natural ecosystems. Almost all Australian plants develop associations with mycorrhizal fungi, or produce hairy roots, as ways of increasing P uptake. Highly developed abilities to redistribute P from ageing to young tissues enable Australian plants to have a low P requirement per unit of biomass production. This also results in low P losses in sawlogs from natural forests, but not necessarily from short-rotation plantations. The special role of P in the ecology and conservation of heathlands is reviewed. Finally, an overview is given of the P requirements of Australian plants being grown in soil-less media in nurseries.
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Subki, I. "Indonesian requirements for future nuclear·power plants." Progress in Nuclear Energy 29 (January 1995): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-1970(95)00033-g.

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Dalton, Thomas. "Navy/Merchant Electric Plants for the 1980’s." Marine Technology and SNAME News 22, no. 02 (April 1, 1985): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1985.22.2.134.

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Discussion is limited primarily to conventional generator sets and switchgear in electric plant designs for typical naval and merchant ships. Standard shipboard electric plant design practice and historical shipboard power requirements are initially reviewed for basic reference. Power requirement forecasts for the next generation of ships are then established to suggest future electric plant designs. A comprehensive review of electric plant design issues is coupled with the future electric plant designs to define the developmental requirements of the electric plant in meeting the design challenge for the next generation of ships.
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Yedidia, J. M., and W. R. Sugnet. "Utility requirements for advanced LWR passive plants." Nuclear Engineering and Design 136, no. 1-2 (August 1992): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(92)90127-h.

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Alekseev, P. N., A. Yu Gagarinskii, N. N. Ponomarev-Stepnoi, and V. A. Sidorenko. "Requirements for 21st centry nuclear power plants." Atomic Energy 88, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02673313.

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Kleynhans, R., J. G. Niederwieser, and E. Louw. "TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD QUALITY LACHENALIA POT PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 813 (March 2009): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.813.90.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plants Requirements"

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Naku, Mandilakhe. "Functional role of ammonium and nitrate in regulating transpiration for mass-flow acquisition of nutrients in Phaseolus vulgaris L." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2679.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017
Transpiration serves in leaf cooling, maintaining turgor pressure, promoting xylem transport of nutrient solutes from roots to shoots and delivering mobile soil nutrients to root surfaces. Soil availability of nitrogen can modulate transpiration rates, consequently powering nutrient delivery to the root surfaces (‗mass-flow'). Although such knowledge on N-regulation of transpiration is available, it remains unknown, however, whether it is NO3- or NH4+ that regulates transpiration. Given that both nitrogen forms co-occur in soils, it is not known how they interact at varying ratios in modulating stomatal behaviour. To test the functional role of NO3- and NH4+ in regulating water fluxes for mass-flow nutrient acquisition, P. vulgaris L. plants were grown with NO3- or NH4+ placed at one of four distances behind a nylon mesh, which prevented direct root access to nitrogen, whilst control plants intercepted the nitrogen source (Chapter 3). Day- and night-time stomatal conductance and transpiration, measured using Infra-Red Gas Analyser (IRGA) declined in NO3- fed plants with the increased distance behind a nylon mesh, with maximum water fluxes at the closest distance (ca. 0 mm), demonstrating a regulatory role of NO3- on stomata closure. An opposite trend was displayed by NH4+ -fed plants, which indicated the incapacity of NH4+ to down-regulate water fluxes and ammoniacal syndrome at high concentrations. To test how different [NO3-] and [NH4+] regulate day- and night-time stomatal conductance and transpiration (Chapter 4), P. vulgaris was fed with six concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mM) of each nitrogen form. A biphasic trend emerged, as postulated in previous studies (Wilkinson et al., 2007; Matimati et al., 2013), characterized by an increase in stomatal conductance and transpiration as [NO3-] increased, attaining a maximum before declining with higher [NO3-]. Plants displayed 2-fold higher photosynthetic rates, 2.2-fold higher stomatal conductance and 2.3-fold higher transpiration rates at 4 mM than at 0.25 mM of [NO3-]. The lowest [NO3-] up-regulated night-time stomatal conductance and transpiration, indicating that NO3- -fed plants opened their stomata at night-time, but reduced night-time water loss at higher [NO3-]. NH4+-fed plants had the incapacity to regulate day- and night-time water fluxes, but rather displayed wilting and stress known as ‗ammoniacal syndrome'. Thus, under NO3- deprived soil conditions P. vulgaris may be opportunistic in their water uptake, transpiring more when water is available in order to draw nutrients through ‗mass-flow'. This thesis explored and confirmed the functional role of NO3- in regulating day- and night-time water fluxes as a mechanism for increasing ‗mass-flow' acquisition of N and possibly other nutrients, signalling a down-regulation of day-time and night-time water fluxes when [NO3-] is replete (Chapter 3 & 4). Where both NO3- and NH4+ are present in soils, it is the [NO3-] and not [NH4+] that regulated stomatal conductance and transpiration. Since organic nitrogen forms such as amino acids also occur in soils, there is a need for further work on their role in stomatal behaviour. Using amino acids laced with 15N isotopes as a nitrogen source can allow their acquisition and role on stomatal behaviour to be discovered. Current trends in research are focussed around developing real-time in-situ sensing of soil nitrogen status to promote enhanced nitrogen and water use efficiency in agricultural systems. This thesis provides the vital literature on stomatal regulation by [NO3-].
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Cosby, Dana. "Core Communication Skills Requirements Manufacturing Plants in Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1994. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/938.

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The purpose of this reseach project is to answer the question "What are the core communication skills needed for pre-hire training programs in Kentucky." To answer the question the researcher first examined the literature relative to the existing labor pool and then conducted a focus group with unemployed persons. The next phase of the research involved extensive field work, job analysis, and content analysis to determine what core communication skills were common in various Kentucky manufacturing companies. The researcher found strong evidence to establish a core set of competencies that pre-hire programs should address in developing the skills of unemployed persons. Additionally, the study includes a sample curriculum for pre-hire training programs.
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Mulyati. "Zinc requirements of transplanted oilseed rape." Thesis, Mulyati, (2004) Zinc requirements of transplanted oilseed rape. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/213/.

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Transplanting is a common practice for many horticultural crops and some field crops. Recently, transplanted oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crops have been reported to be sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency. However, Zn nutrition in transplanted field crops has not been investigated in detail. The objectives of this present research were to investigate whether transplanting increases external Zn requirements of transplanted oilseed rape, and the mechanisms of root function, growth and Zn uptake after transplanting including rhizosphere modification capacity by plant roots. The second objective was to examine the relative effects of root pruning and transplanting on Zn responses of oilseed rape, and the third objective was to determine external and internal Zn requirements of transplanted oilseed rape for diagnosing and predicting Zn deficiency. An experiment on a low Zn sand (DTPA extractable Zn 0.14 mg kg-1) was set up to determine whether transplanted oilseed rape had a higher Zn requirement than that of direct-sown plants. Low Zn supply depressed shoot dry weight, however, root growth was relatively more strongly suppressed than shoots. Maximum root dry weight required much higher external Zn for transplanted plants compared to direct-sown plants, whilst shoot dry weight required a similarly low external Zn supply. In addition, transplanted plants were sensitive to zinc deficiency during the early post-transplanting growth, and the response weakened as the plants recovered from root injury or transplanting stress. However, the transplanted plants also experienced root pruning before transplanting and so in this experiment the higher Zn requirement could have been due to root pruning or transplanting or both. A further experiment was undertaken to determine the comparative external Zn requirements of direct-sown and transplanted plants in well-stirred chelate-buffered solution culture where a rhizosphere effect on plant availability of Zn forms is absent and the effects of poor root-soil contact on post-transplanting growth are minimized. In solution culture at the same level of Zn supplied, direct- sown plants produced higher shoot and root dry matter and greater root length than those of transplanted plants. However, since a higher external Zn requirement was found for transplanted plants in buffered solution culture than for direct- sown plants, it was concluded that the higher Zn requirement was not related to decreased rhizosphere modification, to greater demand for Zn or to poor root-solution contact, but rather to the time required for transplanted plants to recover from transplanting and root injury. The recovery of root function in solution culture was more rapid than that in soil culture and expressed as a higher Zn requirement for shoot as well as root growth. It suggested that the delay in root recovery in soil culture was due to slower absorption of Zn from the soil after transplanting than was the case in solution culture. Chelate-buffered nutrient solution culture and harvesting plants successively at 5 day intervals until 25 days after transplanting was used to examine the mechanisms of the recovery of root growth and function. In this experiment, the external Zn requirement of transplanted plants was investigated with unpruned or pruned root systems. Plants with unpruned root system and sufficient Zn supply exhibited faster recovery from transplanting than those with pruned root system plants. The results suggest that root pruning impaired Zn uptake by plant roots and slowed down the root and shoot growth after transplanting. Increased solution Zn partly alleviated the effects of root pruning and presumably this is a major reason why transplanted oilseed rape had a high external Zn requirement. However, root pruning also appeared to impair water uptake, and may have suppressed shoot growth through sequestering carbon for new root growth and through decreased phytohormone production by roots. Since rapid root recovery of transplanted plants is essential for successful of growth in the field, Zn application to the nursery bed was explored as a starter fertilizer to stimulate root growth after transplanting. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether increasing the seedbed Zn would stimulate new root growth of transplanted oilseed rape, and therefore would alleviate the need for increased external Zn for post-transplanting growth. Results showed that adequate Zn concentration in the seedbed promoted the post-transplanting growth by stimulating the new root growth especially increased root length, and also hastened the recovery of root systems. However, high Zn concentration at transplanting still had a more dominant effect in stimulating the new root growth of oilseed rape after transplanting. The final experiment was set up using rhizobags with three rates of Zn supply and unpruned or pruned root systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical change in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere or bulk soil and its relationship to the recovery of root function after transplanting, and also to identify and quantify the organic acids in soil extracts of direct-sown and transplanted plants. The rhizosphere soil pH was lower than that of non-rhizosphere soil, and the decrease of soil pH was suggested as the mechanism of the increase of Zn availability and mobility in the rhizosphere soil. Direct-sown plants were more efficient in utilizing Zn than those of transplanted plants especially compared to those of plants with pruned root system. Zinc deficient plants excreted higher concentration of organic acids particularly citric acid, suggesting this was a mechanism of Zn mobilization and Zn uptake by roots of oilseed rape. The main implications of the present study for the management of Zn nutrition of transplanted crops were: the need to increase the Zn application to crops in the nursery and at transplanting compared to direct-sown plants; the possibility that external requirements of other nutrients will be greater in transplanted crops also requires further consideration; and in cropping systems where transplanting is practised, greater attention should be given to the avoidance of root damage during the transplanting.
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Mulyati. "Zinc requirements of transplanted oilseed rape." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060109.135933.

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Transplanting is a common practice for many horticultural crops and some field crops. Recently, transplanted oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) crops have been reported to be sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency. However, Zn nutrition in transplanted field crops has not been investigated in detail. The objectives of this present research were to investigate whether transplanting increases external Zn requirements of transplanted oilseed rape, and the mechanisms of root function, growth and Zn uptake after transplanting including rhizosphere modification capacity by plant roots. The second objective was to examine the relative effects of root pruning and transplanting on Zn responses of oilseed rape, and the third objective was to determine external and internal Zn requirements of transplanted oilseed rape for diagnosing and predicting Zn deficiency. An experiment on a low Zn sand (DTPA extractable Zn 0.14 mg kg-1) was set up to determine whether transplanted oilseed rape had a higher Zn requirement than that of direct-sown plants. Low Zn supply depressed shoot dry weight, however, root growth was relatively more strongly suppressed than shoots. Maximum root dry weight required much higher external Zn for transplanted plants compared to direct-sown plants, whilst shoot dry weight required a similarly low external Zn supply. In addition, transplanted plants were sensitive to zinc deficiency during the early post-transplanting growth, and the response weakened as the plants recovered from root injury or transplanting stress. However, the transplanted plants also experienced root pruning before transplanting and so in this experiment the higher Zn requirement could have been due to root pruning or transplanting or both. A further experiment was undertaken to determine the comparative external Zn requirements of direct-sown and transplanted plants in well-stirred chelate-buffered solution culture where a rhizosphere effect on plant availability of Zn forms is absent and the effects of poor root-soil contact on post-transplanting growth are minimized. In solution culture at the same level of Zn supplied, direct- sown plants produced higher shoot and root dry matter and greater root length than those of transplanted plants. However, since a higher external Zn requirement was found for transplanted plants in buffered solution culture than for direct- sown plants, it was concluded that the higher Zn requirement was not related to decreased rhizosphere modification, to greater demand for Zn or to poor root-solution contact, but rather to the time required for transplanted plants to recover from transplanting and root injury. The recovery of root function in solution culture was more rapid than that in soil culture and expressed as a higher Zn requirement for shoot as well as root growth. It suggested that the delay in root recovery in soil culture was due to slower absorption of Zn from the soil after transplanting than was the case in solution culture. Chelate-buffered nutrient solution culture and harvesting plants successively at 5 day intervals until 25 days after transplanting was used to examine the mechanisms of the recovery of root growth and function. In this experiment, the external Zn requirement of transplanted plants was investigated with unpruned or pruned root systems. Plants with unpruned root system and sufficient Zn supply exhibited faster recovery from transplanting than those with pruned root system plants. The results suggest that root pruning impaired Zn uptake by plant roots and slowed down the root and shoot growth after transplanting. Increased solution Zn partly alleviated the effects of root pruning and presumably this is a major reason why transplanted oilseed rape had a high external Zn requirement. However, root pruning also appeared to impair water uptake, and may have suppressed shoot growth through sequestering carbon for new root growth and through decreased phytohormone production by roots. Since rapid root recovery of transplanted plants is essential for successful of growth in the field, Zn application to the nursery bed was explored as a starter fertilizer to stimulate root growth after transplanting. The objective of this experiment was to determine whether increasing the seedbed Zn would stimulate new root growth of transplanted oilseed rape, and therefore would alleviate the need for increased external Zn for post-transplanting growth. Results showed that adequate Zn concentration in the seedbed promoted the post-transplanting growth by stimulating the new root growth especially increased root length, and also hastened the recovery of root systems. However, high Zn concentration at transplanting still had a more dominant effect in stimulating the new root growth of oilseed rape after transplanting. The final experiment was set up using rhizobags with three rates of Zn supply and unpruned or pruned root systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical change in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere or bulk soil and its relationship to the recovery of root function after transplanting, and also to identify and quantify the organic acids in soil extracts of direct-sown and transplanted plants. The rhizosphere soil pH was lower than that of non-rhizosphere soil, and the decrease of soil pH was suggested as the mechanism of the increase of Zn availability and mobility in the rhizosphere soil. Direct-sown plants were more efficient in utilizing Zn than those of transplanted plants especially compared to those of plants with pruned root system. Zinc deficient plants excreted higher concentration of organic acids particularly citric acid, suggesting this was a mechanism of Zn mobilization and Zn uptake by roots of oilseed rape. The main implications of the present study for the management of Zn nutrition of transplanted crops were: the need to increase the Zn application to crops in the nursery and at transplanting compared to direct-sown plants; the possibility that external requirements of other nutrients will be greater in transplanted crops also requires further consideration; and in cropping systems where transplanting is practised, greater attention should be given to the avoidance of root damage during the transplanting.
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Peter, Craig Ingram. "Water requirements and distribution of Ammophila arenaria and Scaevola plumieri on South African coastal dunes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/38/.

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Defiani, Made Ria. "Zinc requirements of rice at elevated CO2 /." [Richmond, N.S.W.] : Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030519.171711/index.html.

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Leda, Carol E. "Iron and manganese requirements of containerized plants growing in pine bark." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91043.

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Three species of woody plants, Ilex crenata 'Helleri', Juniperus chinensis procumbens 'Nana', and Ligustrum lucidum, were grown in one-liter containers filled with pine bark to determine Fe and Mn requirements with regard to rate and ratio. FeEDTA and MnEDTA were applied at either a 2:1 or 1:2 ratio of Fe:Mn at 5 concentrations each, 3 times per week with each irrigation. Medium solutions were collected every 21 days on one species and analyzed for Fe and Mn levels. Dry weight and tissue Fe and Mn levels were determined for all three species. Neither rate nor ratio of applied Fe and Mn had an effect on shoot dry weights. Control treatments, in general, had the lowest medium solution and tissue levels of Fe and Mn, however, there was no difference in dry weights between control and treatment plants. These results suggest that pine bark supplies adequate levels of Fe and Mn for growth under the conditions of this study. In a second study, three sources of Fe and Mn were applied to Tagetes erecta 'Inca' growing in 500 cc plastic pots containing sieved pine bark at 3 lime rates: 0, 3, and 6 kg m⁻³. Sources of Fe and Mn were pre-plant Micromax, liquid sulfate salts, and liquid chelates applied in the irrigation water. No difference in growth between micronutrient sources was detected, however, growth was greater at the 3 and 6 kg m⁻³ lime rates. Levels of Fe and Mn in medium solution and tissue decreased with increasing lime rate, with availability of Fe and Mn greatest with chelate as the source, regardless of lime rate. A similar study was conducted with a control and liquid sulfate treatment. There was no difference in dry weight between the sulfate treatment and the control, except at 0 kg m⁻³ lime where the control plants were larger. Again, lime additions increased growth, and Fe and Mn availability in medium solution and tissue levels decreased. These results suggest that if Fe and Mn additions are needed, all sources provide adequate Fe and Mn for growth.
M.S.
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Asad, Adil. "External and internal boron requirements of plants using boron buffered solution culture." Thesis, Asad, Adil (1998) External and internal boron requirements of plants using boron buffered solution culture. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52442/.

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In soils and in conventional nutrient solutions, establishing the internal and external boron (B) requirements of plants is often confounded because the external B concentration changes during plant growth. On the other hand, the major problem of working with low B concentrations in conventional nutrient solutions is that these concentrations are quickly depleted as B is taken up by the plant roots. Hence in most conventional solution cultures, the initial B concentration is often very high to ensure adequate supply of B throughout an experiment. This research was carried out to develop a solution culture system in which the free B concentration would be buffered at constant concentrations, ranging from low to high. This developed B-buffered solution culture system was then tested as a means of determining the internal and external B requirements of different plant species. Further experiments were conducted to study the external and internal B requirements of plants at different growth stages, and to study distribution of B in different plant parts by using the above B-buffered solution culture system. The B specific resin, Amberlite IRA 743, which complexes H3BO3 on its Nmethyl glucamine functional groups, was chosen for this study because the B saturated resin maintained a realistic equilibrium B concentration in solution and there was no evidence that the resin had significant effects on plant growth other than in releasing and equilibrating B in the nutrient solution. The resin released nitrogen (N) into solution but, provided an adequate solution N supply was maintained, there were no indirect effects of the resin on plant growth apart from its control of B solution concentration. The B sorption capacity of the resin varied from 2.2 to 5.0 mg B/g resin. Boron saturated resin maintained an equilibrium solution B concentration of 46 μM when added at the rate of 2 g of resin to 1L of B-free triple deionised water. Plants grown in complete nutrient solution with B-saturated resin added at 1 g per litre of nutrient solution grew as well as plants grown in conventional nutrient solution containing 9.2 μM B and their shoots contained adequate B concentrations for growth. Glasshouse experiments were undertaken to establish buffered B concentrations ranging from deficient to adequate in nutrient solutions. Supplying different amounts of B saturated resin, Amberlite IRA 743, per unit solution volume; and loading the resin with B at 1 to 100 % of full saturation resulted in solution B concentrations (μM) ranging from 0.17 to 2.9 and from 0.05 to 27.0, respectively. The latter method was more effective in producing a wide range of B supply, from deficiency to adequacy. By this method critical external and internal B concentrations at vegetative growth of canola were 0.6 fjM B and 6-8 mg B kg dry weight, respectively. At solution B concentrations from 0.04 to 0.3 μm, canola (Brassica napus L.) plants remained alive but both shoot and root growth were stunted with classical B deficiency symptoms. Increasing solution B concentrations progressively increased B concentrations in shoots and roots. In roots, B concentrations were less than one-third of those in lower shoots and less than those in upper shoots, except in B-deficient plants. At 0.04 μM B, plants absorbed no B from solution. Increasing solution B concentrations from 0.1 to 26.5 μM increased relative B uptake rates from 0.005 to 0.1 μ mole g root fresh weight day . Maximum root efficiency, defined as relative uptake rate divided by the solution B concentration, was achieved at 0.04 to 0.3 μM B in solution. With increasing solution B concentrations, relative uptake rates of calcium decreased from 248 to 10 μ mole g-1 root fresh weight day-1. The results suggest that B specifically inhibited calcium absorption or accelerated calcium efflux. Canola was grown to flowering in a subsequent experiment to study the effect of external B concentration, established with B-loaded resin, on the distribution of B in plants and to investigate the external B concentrations for near maximum vegetative and reproductive growth. Mean B concentrations in B-buffered nutrient solutions ranging from 0.36 to 46.6 μM were achieved by loading B-specific resin at 4 to 100 % of full saturation. At low levels of B, the resin maintained constant B in nutrient solutions from Day 0 to 55. When relative growth rates for the periods 0-10, 10-22 and 22-55 DAT were related to mean external B concentration, the critical external B concentration for the growth period of 0-55 DAT remained unchanged with time and plant growth stage. Boron concentrations in shoots and roots increased strongly with increasing solution B concentrations up to 1-2 μM B and then more weakly with increases in solution B above 2 μM B. At deficient to marginal external B concentrations, stems had higher B concentrations than leaf blades on Days 10 and 22 but not at Day 55. Although the plants at low external B (< 0.45 μM) concentrations had some vegetative growth they did not produce reproductive parts compared to the plants with adequate B. At the flowering stage, maximum B concentration was found in florets and growth of these plant parts was more sensitively depressed by low B than vegetative plant parts. At 0.86 μM B in nutrient solutions, plants achieved maximum vegetative dry matter and flowered normally. Plants supplied with < 0.45 μM B produced no flowers or flowers were abnormal with aborted stamens and pistils. At 0.35 μMB, plants, whilst stunted, continued to produce vegetative dry matter though reproductive growth was completely suppressed. At flowering higher B concentrations occurred in the flowers (50.3 mg/kg dry weight) than in leaf (19.9 mg/kg dry weight), stem (19.0 mg/kg dry weight) or root (14.7 mg/kg dry weight). This study suggested that external B requirements for canola at the reproductive stage is 0.86 μM for maximum or near to maximum growth. External and internal B requirements of three plant species were studied using the B-buffered solution culture technique. In a glasshouse solution culture experiment, B concentrations were buffered with B saturated resin (Amberlite IRA 743); and loading the resin with B at 1 to 100 % of full saturation. Average B concentrations (μM) in nutrient solutions ranged from 0.04-28.3. The external and internal B requirements of a monocot (wheat, Triticum aestivum), a herbaceous dicot (sunflower) and a woody dicot (marri Corymbia calophylla) were examined using the buffered culture system. Plants were harvested after 10 and 20 days (wheat and sunflower) or 20 and 40 days (marri). At low external B (< 0.13 μM), growth of marri and sunflower was severely depressed, whereas the growth of wheat plants was only weakly depressed at 0.04 pM B in solutions. Where maximum dry weight of shoots was obtained, B concentrations (mg/kg) in leaf blades at the first harvest were 17.9, 19.7 and 1.2, for marri, sunflower and wheat, respectively. Results of this experiment suggested that the two dicotyledons marri and sunflower have higher external and internal B requirements than wheat. Increasing solution B from 0.05 to 28.5 μM increased relative B uptake rates from 0.43-1.02, 0.64-0.94 and 0.02-0.07 μ mole g-1 root dry weight day -1 in the case of marri, sunflower and wheat, respectively. Thus, the higher internal and external B requirements of sunflower and marri compared to wheat were supported by higher rates of B absorption. In conclusion, the B-buffered solution culture system developed in this study has considerable potential for B nutrition studies of plants. This system is robust and easy to establish. Whilst B-specific resin supplied B to canola till flowering stage at higher B loadings (> 16% of full B saturation of resin) it did not maintain constant B concentrations for more than 22 days growth. The length of time for which effective buffering of solution B was achieved appeared to vary with rate of biomass accumulation which, in turn, was a function of time of year and plant species. It is suggested that buffered B concentrations in nutrient solutions may be achieved for experiments of long duration either by increasing the amounts of resin per unit nutrient solution or replacing the B-specific resin after every 8-10 days.
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Parks, Sophie Emma, University of Western Sydney, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Proteaceae nutrition and the phosphorus requirements of Banksia ericifolia L.f." THESIS_FST_xxx_Park_S.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/103.

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The basic mineral nutritional requirements of Proteaceae are not well understood.They are generally assumed to require low levels of nutrients and be susceptible to nutrient (especially Phosphorus) toxicity.This project aimed to estimate the general nutritional requirements of Proteaceae for optimum growth, with special emphasis on the Phosphorus requirement. Potted plants were grown in soilless growth media with controlled release fertiliser and were watered according to need in a naturally lit greenhouse. The nutrient requirements of Proteaceae were found to vary among species but were not lower than the reported requirements for the Ericaceae, another heath family. The variables of growth media and plant development were found to be important factors affecting the critical Phosphorus concentration and need consideration in the derivation of the Phosphorus requirement of Banksia ericifolia.
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Parks, Sophie Emma. "Proteaceae nutrition and the phosphorus requirements of Banksia ericifolia L.f. /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030429.105120/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2000.
"A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Horticulture, University of Western Sydney, Australia, December 2000" Bibliography : leaves 206-230.
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Books on the topic "Plants Requirements"

1

C, Smith J. A., Griffiths H, and Society for Experimental Biology (Great Britain). Environmental Physiology Group., eds. Water deficits: Plant responses from cell to community. Oxford, UK: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1993.

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Consultancy, Welker Environmental, A.J. Peck & Associates Pty Ltd., Muir Environmental, and Perth (W.A.). Metropolitan Water Authority., eds. Millstream environmental water requirements study. Victoria Park, W.A: Welker Environmental Consultancy, 1995.

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United States. Food Safety and Inspection Service. Federal facilities' requirements for small existing meat plants. Washington, D.C: The Service, 1985.

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Newbold, Chris. Water level requirements of wetland plants and animals. Peterborough: English Nature, 1997.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, ed. Safety of nuclear power plants: Operation : safety requirements. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2000.

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van, Groenendael Jan, and Kroon Hans de, eds. Clonal growth in plants: Regulation and function. Hague: SPB Academic publishing, 1990.

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Hasegawa, Hiroshi, and Md Mofizur Rahman. Water stress. 2nd ed. Rijeka, Croatia: Intech, 2011.

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Nienhaus, Zarrinnaal Laura, ed. A green kid's guide to watering plants. Minneapolis, Minn: Magic Wagon, 2013.

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Shuler, Carol. Low-water-use plants: For California & the Southwest. Tucson, Ariz: Fisher Books, 1993.

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V, Kamelin R., ed. Vodnyĭ rezhim rasteniĭ stepeĭ i pustynʹ Mongolii. Sankt-Peterburg: Rossiĭskai͡a akademii͡a nauk, Botanicheskiĭ in-t im. V.L. Komarova, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plants Requirements"

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Bell, R. W., B. Dell, and L. Huang. "Boron Requirements of Plants." In Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition, 63–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0607-2_7.

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Markovski, Jasen, Dirk A. van Beek, and Jos Baeten. "Partially-Supervised Plants: Embedding Control Requirements in Plant Components." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 253–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30729-4_18.

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White, C. L. "The Zinc Requirements of Grazing Ruminants." In Zinc in Soils and Plants, 197–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0878-2_14.

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Schuler, M. A. "Splice Site Requirements and Switches in Plants." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 39–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76776-3_3.

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Barker, Allen V. "Requirements of Plants for Soil-Derived Nutrients." In Science and Technology of Organic Farming, 19–84. 2nd ed. Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093725-3-3.

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Lieback, Jan U., Jochen Buser, David Kroll, Nico Behrendt, and Seán Oppermann. "Standards, Regulations and Requirements Concerning Energy and Resource Efficiency." In Resource Efficiency of Processing Plants, 19–43. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804153.ch2.

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Naegeli, Hanspeter, Gijs Klete, and Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter. "Food and feed safety assessment of RNAi plants and products." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 131–53. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0013.

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Abstract This paper evaluates the potential hazards of food and feed derived from RNAi plants including: adverse changes of plant metabolism; mechanisms and potential for non-target gene silencing in humans and livestock, including gut microbiome; bioinformatics tools for predictionof off-target sequences of interfering RNA; the possible non-specific effects of dsRNA and siRNA in mammals; and the comparison of data requirements for safety assessment of food and feed from RNAi plants and from plants expressing recombinant proteins. It also discusses exposure and RNAi-specific risk assessment.
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Naegeli, Hanspeter, Gijs Klete, and Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter. "Food and feed safety assessment of RNAi plants and products." In RNAi for plant improvement and protection, 131–53. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248890.0131.

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Abstract This paper evaluates the potential hazards of food and feed derived from RNAi plants including: adverse changes of plant metabolism; mechanisms and potential for non-target gene silencing in humans and livestock, including gut microbiome; bioinformatics tools for predictionof off-target sequences of interfering RNA; the possible non-specific effects of dsRNA and siRNA in mammals; and the comparison of data requirements for safety assessment of food and feed from RNAi plants and from plants expressing recombinant proteins. It also discusses exposure and RNAi-specific risk assessment.
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Afsarmanesh, Hamideh, and Victor Thamburaj. "ICT Requirements Analysis for Enterprise Networks Supporting Solar Power Plants." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 149–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32775-9_15.

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Palm, C. A. "Contribution of agroforestry trees to nutrient requirements of intercropped plants." In Agroforestry: Science, Policy and Practice, 105–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0681-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plants Requirements"

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Bickers, D. O. "Technical performance requirements of CCGT plants." In IEE Colloquium on Combined Cycle/Cogeneration Systems. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19950417.

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Goodall, J. E. "Electrical design requirements." In IEE Colloquium on Development in Mid-Merit Open Cycle Turbine Plants. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990660.

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Fink, R. T., D. H. Harrison, and E. T. Rumble. "ALWR man-machine interface requirements." In Proceedings of 1992 IEEE 5th Human Factors and Power Plants. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hfpp.1992.283439.

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Berecibar, M., and MengChu Zhou. "Estimating storage requirements for wind power plants." In 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2013.6548860.

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Spurgin, Anthony J. "HRA requirements for PRAs." In 2007 IEEE 8th Human Factors and Power Plants and HPRCT 13th Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hfpp.2007.4413230.

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Sanwarwalla, Mansoor H. "Time Limited Aging Analyses Requirements for License Renewal for U.S. Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2968.

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One of the requirements for license renewal for US nuclear plants stated in the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) regulations in the License Renewal Rule (LRR) 10CFR Part 54 (Ref. 1) is the identification and updating of Time-Limited Aging Analyses (TLAA). During the design phase for a plant, certain assumptions about the length of time the plant would be operated were made and incorporated into design calculations for several of the plant’s systems, structures and components (SSCs). Examples of TLAAs are analyses of metal fatigue, environmental qualification (EQ) of electric equipment, etc. For a renewed license, these calculations have to be reviewed to verify that they remain valid for the period of extended operation. However, the LRR does allow TLAA-associated aging effects to be managed by an aging management program. This paper discusses the USNRC regulatory requirements for TLAAs and the industry’s response for addressing the TLAAs. It also discusses the issues regarding the generic set of TLAAs that have been identified by the NRC in NUREG-1801 (Ref. 2), and how these have been addressed by all the plants that have received their renewed license. The paper also identifies certain plant specific TLAAs.
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Markaj, Artan, Alexander Fay, Mario Hoernicke, Nicolai Schoch, and Katharina Stark. "Requirements and conceptual design for hybrid process plants." In 2021 IEEE 26th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etfa45728.2021.9613714.

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Parker, Stephen M., Nathan A. Palm, and Xavier Pitoiset. "Alternate Requirements for Protection Against Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS)." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97577.

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Plants in the United States (U.S.) and many plants outside of the U.S. are required to meet the regulations of the Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) Rule, 10 CFR 50.61. The Alternate Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) Rule (10 CFR 50.61a) was approved by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and included in the Federal Register, with an effective date of February 3, 2010. This Alternate Rule provides a new metric and screening criteria for PTS. This metric, RTMAX-X, and the corresponding screening criteria are far less restrictive than the RTPTS metrics and screening criteria in the original PTS Rule (10 CFR 50.61). The Alternate PTS Rule was developed through probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) evaluations performed for selected U.S. pilot plants. A Generalization Study was also performed which determined that the plants used for these evaluations were representative of and applicable to the U.S. Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant fleet. Plants outside of the U.S. may be interested in implementing the Alternate PTS Rule. However, direct implementation of the Alternate PTS Rule may not be possible due to differences in plant design, embrittlement prediction techniques, inservice inspection requirements, etc. The objective of this paper is to explore the use the Alternate PTS Rule by PWR plants outside of the U.S. by proposing methods to account for the potential differences mentioned above.
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August, J. K., and J. J. Hunter. "Nuclear Design Basis Method for Managing Critical Operations Design Content." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75488.

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Designing new plants, clear requirements and efficient processes should translate nuclear designs clearly into operations. Methods that improve translation benefit operations lowering risk, complementing safety and cost performance. Nuclear plant designs develop specifications that assure design integrity from construction into operations throughout plant life. With the certified design at startup, all plants should have (1) scheduled operations monitoring and maintenance plans; (2) developed by qualified engineers; and (3) based on engineering due diligence, equivalent to airline certified operations plans. Although existing rules apply requirements, tort laws have always required operating plans for products.
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Bowman, Charles F. "The Third Option for Meeting 316(b) Requirements." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32113.

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Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act requires plants with intake flows of over 2 million gallons of water per day taken from the waters of the United States to implement the “best available” technology to reduce injury and death of fish and other aquatic life that may be impinged on or entrained in the intake. The two options commonly identified to address 316(b) are closed cycle cooling and fish screens. A third option that is often overlooked and may be less expansive is to implement changes in the plant, allowing it to operate with less condenser circulating water (CCW) flow. Most CCW systems of power plants were originally designed to achieve an economic optimum balance between capital cost and the operating benefit of a lower main condenser (MC) pressure with the resulting increased electrical output. For those plants that are located on rivers, lakes, and oceans where CCW was abundant and free, economics often dictated high CCW flows impelled by low-head pumps and MC’s designed with minimal surface areas, as larger MC’s were not justified on the basis of economics. The passage of Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act suggests a new look at the existing CCW system design for many plants with the goal of reducing the required CCW flow rate. In some instances simply reducing the CCW flow rate may be sufficient to meet 316(b) requirements. In other cases, the reduction of CCW flow may significantly reduce the capital and operating cost of adding cooling towers and/or fish screens. This paper investigates ways to reduce the required CCW flow to existing power plants by redesigning and modifying the existing CCW system based on current technology. The result could be a new, improved, MC and other turbine cycle equipment and perhaps new CCW pumps, resulting in the same or better plant performance. The paper presents case studies in which the CCW systems for two power plants are redesigned to reduce the CCW flow.
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Reports on the topic "Plants Requirements"

1

Robert J. Goldston and Alexander Glaser. Safeguard Requirements for Fusion Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056803.

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undefined, undefined, and undefined. Estimating the Water Requirements for Plants of Floodplain Wetlands. The Nature Conservancy, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3411/col.05280048.

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Palmiotti, G., J. Cahalan, P. Pfeiffer, T. Sofu, T. Taiwo, T. Wei, A. Yacout, et al. Requirements for advanced simulation of nuclear reactor and chemicalseparation plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898579.

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Ong, S., C. Campbell, P. Denholm, R. Margolis, and G. Heath. Land-Use Requirements for Solar Power Plants in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1086349.

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Denholm, P., M. Hand, M. Jackson, and S. Ong. Land Use Requirements of Modern Wind Power Plants in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/964608.

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McDowell, Jason, Reigh Walling, William Peter, Edi Von Engeln, Eric Seymour, Robert Nelson, Leo Casey, Abraham Ellis, and Chris Barker. Reactive power interconnection requirements for PV and wind plants : recommendations to NERC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039006.

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Bortolotti, Pietro, Christopher Bay, Garrett Barter, Evan Gaertner, Katherine Dykes, Michael McWilliam, Mikkel Friis-Moller, Mads Molgaard Pedersen, and Frederik Zahle. System Modeling Frameworks for Wind Turbines and Plants: Review and Requirements Specifications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1868328.

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Chen, Yona, Jeffrey Buyer, and Yitzhak Hadar. Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere in Relation to the Iron Nutrition of Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7613020.bard.

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Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the soil, but since it forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral and basic pH, it often falls short of meeting the basic requirements of plants and microorganisms. Most aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms possess a high-affinity Fe transport system in which siderophores are excreted and the consequent Fe complex is taken up via a cognate specific receptor and a transport pathway. The role of the siderophore in Fe uptake by plants and microorganisms was the focus of this study. In this research Rhizopus arrhizus was found to produce a novel siderophore named Rhizoferrin when grown under Fe deficiency. This compound was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated. Fe-Rhizoferrin was found to alleviate Fe deficiency when applied to several plants grown in nutrient solutions. It was concluded that Fe-Rhizoferrin is the most efficient Fe source for plants when compared with other among microbial siderophores known to date and its activity equals that of the most efficient synthetic commercial iron fertilizer-Fe EDDHA. Siderophores produced by several rhizosphere organisms including Rhizopus Pseudomonas were purified. Monoclonal antibodies were produced and used to develop a method for detection of the siderophores produced by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms in barley rhizosphere. The presence of an Fe-ferrichrome uptake in fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was demonstrated, and its structural requirements were mapped in P. putida with the help of biomimetic ferrichrome analogs. Using competition experiments, it was shown that FOB, Cop B and FC share at least one common determinant in their uptake pathway. Since FC analogs did not affect FOB or Cop-mediated 55Fe uptake, it could be concluded that these siderophores make use of a different receptor(s) than FC. Therefore, recognition of Cop, FOB and FC proceeds through different receptors having different structural requirements. On the other hand, the phytosiderophores mugineic acid (MA and DMA), were utilized indirectly via ligand exchange by P. putida. Receptors from different biological systems seem to differ in their structural requirements for siderophore recognition and uptake. The design of genus- or species-specific drugs, probes or chemicals, along with an understanding of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships as well as developing methods to detect siderophores using monoclonal antibodies are useful for manipulating the composition of the rhizosphere microbial population for better plant growth, Fe-nutrition and protection from diseases.
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Ingersoll, Eric, Kirsty Gogan, John Herter, and Andrew Foss. Cost & Performance Requirements for Flexible Advanced Nuclear Plants in Future U.S. Power Markets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1646858.

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Ingersoll, Eric, Kirsty Gogan, John Herter, and Andrew Foss. Cost and Performance Requirements for Flexible Advanced Nuclear Plants in Future U.S. Power Markets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1861031.

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