Journal articles on the topic 'Plants – Catalogs and collections – Australia'
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1
BRUMLEY, CAMERON. "A checklist and host catalogue of the aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) held in the Australian National Insect Collection." Zootaxa 4728, no. 4 (January 24, 2020): 575–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.12.
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The aim of this paper is to provide a checklist for Australian collected aphids present in the Australian National Insect Collection. Host plants for each species are provided, alongside Australian State and territory distribution. Six species are documented for the first time in Australia: Aphis forbesi, Micromyzella filicis, Trichosiphonaphis polygoni, Wahlgreniella nervata, Reticulaphis distylii and Reticulaphis inflata. A total of 137 new host plant associations are documented, spread across 51 species of aphids. A list of the remaining species previously published as present in Australia is also included.
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BICKERSTAFF, JAMES R. M., SHANNON S. SMITH, DEBORAH S. KENT, ROGER A. BEAVER, AINSLEY E. SEAGO, and MARKUS RIEGLER. "A review of the distribution and host plant associations of the platypodine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) of Australia, with an electronic species identification key." Zootaxa 4894, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4894.1.3.
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Ambrosia beetles (Platypodinae and some Scolytinae) are ecologically and economically important weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) that develop within the sapwood and heartwood of woody plants, and their larval and adult stages are dependent on fungal symbionts. Platypodinae mostly occur in tropical and subtropical biomes, with a few species occurring in temperate regions. Australia has 44 recorded platypodine species including 13 species which may only have been intercepted at or near ports of entries and are without established populations in Australia. The host tree associations and biogeography of Australian Platypodinae are largely undocumented, and no comprehensive identification key exists. Here, we review species records, host tree associations, biogeographic distributions, and morphological characteristics of Australian Platypodinae. For this, we examined collection specimens, monographs, catalogues, taxonomic inventories, journal articles and online databases, and developed an electronic LUCID identification key for 36 species recorded in Australia. This review and identification key will be a valuable resource for forestry managers and biosecurity officers and will support diagnostics and future research of these beetles, their biology, and ecological interactions.
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Veiga, Allan, Antonio Saraiva, and Cláudia da Silva. "The Online Pollen Catalogs Network (RCPol)." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e25658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25658.
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Aiming at promoting interaction among researchers and the integration of data from their pollen collections, herbaria and bee collections, RCPol was created in 2013. In order to structure RCPol work, researchers and collaborators have organized information on Palynology and trophic interactions between bees and plants. During the project development, different computing tools were developed and provided on RCPol website (http://rcpol.org.br), including: interactive keys with multiple inputs for species identification (http://chaves.rcpol.org.br); a glossary of palinology related terms (http://chaves.rcpol.org.br/profile/glossary/eco); a plant-bee interactions database (http://chaves.rcpol.org.br/interactions); and a data quality tool (http://chaves.rcpol.org.br/admin/data-quality). Those tools were developed in partnership with researchers and collaborators from Escola Politécnica (USP) and other Brazilian and foreign institutions that act on palynology, floral biology, pollination, plant taxonomy, ecology, and trophic interactions. The interactive keys are organized in four branches: palynoecology, paleopalynology, palynotaxonomy and spores. These information are collaboratively digitized and managed using standardized Google Spreadsheets. All the information are assessed by a data quality assurance tool (based on the conceptual framework of TDWG Biodiversity Data Quality Interest Group Veiga et al. 2017) and curated by palynology experts. In total, it has published 1,774 specimens records, 1,488 species records (automatically generated by merging specimens records with the same scientific name), 656 interactions records, 370 glossary terms records and 15 institutions records, all of them translated from the original language (usually Portuguese or English) to Portuguese, English and Spanish. During the projectʼs first three years, 106 partners, among researchers and collaborators from 28 institutions from Brazil and abroad, actively participated on the project. An important part of the project's activities involved training researchers and students on palynology, data digitization and on the use of the system. Until now six training courses have reached 192 people.
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Morrison, SM, and JK Scott. "Variation in Populations of Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae) .3. Isozyme Analysis." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 2 (1996): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960201.
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Isozyme variation in seedlings was investigated as part of a study to identify the origins of the widespread weed and potential biological control target Tribulus terrestris L. s.1. (Zygophyllaceae). Seedlings were obtained from 30 Australian and 24 overseas collections of burrs. Polymorphism was detected in 8 of the 11 putative loci scored. Queensland and Northern Territory collections differed from other Australian and non-Australian collections, indicating that they belong to a separate and possibly native Australian species. Other Australian collections had a high genetic similarity to burrs obtained from the Mediterranean, West Asia, South Africa, Namibia and the USA, the latter being an introduced population. Two Namibian collections formed a separate group and it is possible that southern Africa, like Australia, has native and introduced plants of T. terrestris. All Indian and two Kuwait collections were grouped together and had little similarity with any other group. Tribulus terrestris in southern Australia is most likely to have originated in the Mediterranean or West Asian region.
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Gordillo, Luis F., Mikel R. Stevens, Mark A. Millard, and Brad Geary. "Screening Two Lycopersicon peruvianum Collections for Resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus." Plant Disease 92, no. 5 (May 2008): 694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0694.
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The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Research Service and the Tomato Genetics Resource Center (TGRC) Lycopersicon peruvianum germplasm collections (16,335 plants from 285 accessions) were screened with the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) isolates TSWV6 from Hawaii, and Anwa-1 from Western Australia. Using TSWV6 to screen for resistance, 10,634 L. peruvianum plants from 280 accessions were screened for resistance, resulting in 168 (60%) accessions with 1,437 (14%) plants indicating resistance, with all 1,404 89S (Sw-5+/Sw-5+) and 1,456 89R (Sw-5/Sw-5) controls infected. When using Anwa-1 for screening, 864 (15%) of 5,701 L. peruvianum plants were uninfected from 106 of the 181 accessions tested, and 472 (95%) of the 495 89S and 421 (73%) of the 574 89R controls were infected. Of the 172 accessions tested with both isolates, 54 were resistant to one isolate but not the other. Additionally, more accessions from the USDA than from the TGRC collection indicated resistance. TSWV-resistant accessions were somewhat equally distributed throughout the L. peruvianum geographic range, with an observation that northern Chile and southern Peru seemed to have an unusually high portion of accession indicating resistance. The value of Sw-5 is discussed in relationship to potential additional sources of TSWV resistance.
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Jobson, Peter, Joanne Birch, Gillian Brown, Jeremy J. Bruhl, Lyn Cave, Frank Hemmings, Sarah Hirst, et al. "Managers of Australasian Herbarium Collections (MAHC): A MARK of Curation Excellence." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26283.
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Managers of Australasian Herbarium Collections (MAHC) is a sub-committee of the Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (CHAH) and provides advice and recommendations pertaining to the management of herbarium collections. It was formed in 2009 based initially on Australian herbaria, and later incorporated New Zealand herbaria. MAHC currently has 18 member institutions representing both government funded, and university based herbaria, and includes both the largest (National Herbarium of Victoria - MEL) and smallest collections (Macquarie University - MQU) in the region. The group meets in person annually, and holds regular conference phone calls throughout the year. MAHC has proved itself to be a very cohesive committee, despite time, sizing, staffing, and funding differences. It prides itself in being inclusive, cooperative, collegiate, collaborative and supportive. It has a strong mentor approach toward early career collections managers or those new to collections management. The group has a healthy forward planning outlook, developing, promoting and implementing collections management policy, recommendations, guidelines and standards. This cohesion has resulted in a toolkit of resources that are freely available and strives for a unified world class best practice herbarium curation. Some of these universally agreed tools include templates, biosecurity documents, disaster mitigation and preparation for Nagoya Protocol implementation for Australia and New Zealand. MAHC supports new international initiatives and manages the day to day running of programmes such as the Global Plants Initiative project imaging all vascular type specimens housed in Australasia. MAHC collaborates with CHAH and the data sub-committee, HISCOM (Herbarium Information Systems Committee), for continued improvements in sharing digital data and specimens via the Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH https://avh.chah.org.au/) and Atlas of Living Australia (ALA https://www.ala.org.au/) services. This talk will use examples to highlight the effectiveness and success of a unified group in: developing standard practice in curation, incorporating improved curation procedures, and its ability to be agile, responding to incidents at an international level.
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GANESAN, E. K., JOHN A. WEST, and ORLANDO NECCHI JR. "A catalogue and bibliography of non-marine (freshwater and estuarine) Rhodophyta (red algae) of India." Phytotaxa 364, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.364.1.1.
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An annotated bibliographic catalogue of Indian red algae (Rhodophyta) occurring in freshwater and estuarine habitats (moist terrestrial soils, ponds, streams, rivers, lakes, large inland brackish water lagoons and coastal estuaries), based on more than a century (1846 to 2017) of publications is presented in a single coherent work for the first time. There have been 81 taxonomic entities (species, varieties and doubtful records), distributed among 21 genera recorded for the vast Indian sub-continent. Species distribution among the 21 genera are as follows: Audouinella—12; Balliopsis—1; Batrachospermum—11; Bostrychia—7; Caloglossa—8; Catenella—3; Chroodactylon (including Asterocytis)—2; Chroothece—1; Compsopogon—8, Compsopogonopsis—1; Hildenbrandia—1; Kumanoa—7; Kyliniella—1; Lemanea—6; Nothocladus—1; Polysiphonia—1; Porphyridium—1; Sheathia—1; Sirodotia—4; Thorea—2; and Tuomeya—2. Of the seven currently recognized classes of Rhodophyta, no members of Bangiophyceae, Cyaniodiophyceae, or Rhodellophyceae are recorded from India. For each taxon, the following information is provided: (i) valid and currently accepted binomial (ii) synonyms as applicable to Indian records (iii) references with distribution in India and (iv) brief notes. Descriptions of new species based on Indian collections (holotypes) are indicated and some new combinations were made, when necessary. Several generic records (e.g., Balliopsis, Hildenbrandia, Kyliniella, Nothocladus and Tuomeya) and some species records (e.g. Batrachospermum longiarticulatum, Lemanea australis, L. catenata, L. fluviatilis, L. mamillosa, L. torulosa and Thorea hispida) warrant detailed confirmatory data based on reinvestigation of fresh collections for morphology, reproduction and particularly molecular data to confirm the presence in the country. Future collections, especially in the Indian Biodiversity Hotspots (Indo-Burma, Western and Eastern Ghats and Andaman & Nicobar Islands), may uncover the occurrence of genera such as Bangia, Cyanidium and Nemalionopsis known to be present in neighbouring countries of Pakistan, Nepal and Thailand. Geothermal (acidic) hot water springs in India may reveal the presence of extremophilic unicellular red algal genera like Cyanidium, Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria of the Cyanidiophyceae. Two maps showing the political and biogeographic zones of India are included. The need to preserve holotype and duplicate/voucher specimens with GPS data of future collections of red algal groups in a centralized national facility is also highlighted.
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Forrest, Laura L., David G. Long, D. Christine Cargill, Michelle L. Hart, Josephine Milne, Daniela B. Schill, Rodney D. Seppelt, and Juan Carlos Villarreal. "On Monocarpus (Monocarpaceae, Marchantiopsida), an isolated salt-pan complex thalloid liverwort." Australian Systematic Botany 28, no. 3 (2015): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb15012.
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The phylogenetic placement of Monocarpus sphaerocarpus D.J.Carr (Monocarpaceae), a member of the complex thalloid liverworts with highly specialised morphology, presumably related to its saltpan habitat, has been determined on the basis of molecular data. Within the complex thalloid liverworts, Monocarpus resolves as sister to the Sphaerocarpales clade. A new line drawing of Monocarpus is provided, as are the first colour photographs of living plants. Detailed ornamentation of the spores of Monocarpus collections from Australia and South Africa, as revealed by scanning electron micrography, is reported, and some of the morphological features that unite and separate Monocarpus and the Sphaerocarpales s.str. are discussed.
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Stoddard, F. L., S. Kohpina, and R. Knight. "Variability of Ascochyta fabae in South Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 8 (1999): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98204.
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Fifty-two isolates of Ascochyta fabae were established from 23 collections made in 3 States of Australia and were purified through 2 cycles of single-spore isolation. The isolates were evaluated for spore size, spore production, colony diameter, aerial mycelium, and pycnidia production. Variation in all of these traits among related single-spore cultures was comparable to that among unrelated ones and only colony diameter varied significantly among isolates. Spore size was 3–6 by 10–26 µm. Eight of these 52 isolates were chosen for further investigations of pathogenicity characteristics using 8 populations of faba bean. Plants were scored daily for rate of appearance of symptoms and then 15 and 21 days after inoculation for lesion size and number, production of pycnidia on the lesions and overall disease score. Leaves and stems reacted differently to the disease, with one isolate producing many leaf lesions but few stem lesions on one bean accession but many stem lesions on another. Lesion size was not strongly correlated with the other measures of disease. Resistant accessions had longer incubation periods, fewer total lesions and fewer pycnidia-producing lesions than susceptible accessions. The 8 isolates on the 8 bean accessions showed 7 distinct patterns of resistance. The results showed that in southern Australia, A. fabae exhibited great variability which was incompatible with classification into biologically meaningful pathotypes.
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Macfarlane, Terry D., and John G. Conran. "Lomandra marginata (Asparagaceae), a shy-flowering new species from south-western Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 27, no. 6 (2014): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb14045.
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Lomandra marginata T.D.Macfarl. & Conran is described as a new species and illustrated by photographs and a distribution map. Recognised initially from vegetative plants during a biological survey at Lochada Station, it was realised subsequently that the species is widespread from Geraldton to Corrigin. However, it apparently flowers only occasionally under favourable conditions, so earlier collections were mostly vegetative. Lomandra marginata is placed in L. series Sparsiflorae on the basis of possessing a narrow floral bract that does not encircle the pedicel and a bracteole, when present, offset rather than opposite the bract. It has distinctive membranous leaf margins resembling those of the related genus Chamaexeros and the longest pedicels in the genus, mostly 10–16mm long, on which are borne white flowers resembling those of L. effusa (Lindl.) Ewart. Although L. effusa is the most similar species in flower and inflorescence and is also a member of L. series Sparsiflorae, it differs vegetatively by having distinctly two-toothed leaf tips.
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Schaefer, Hanno, Christoph Heibl, and Susanne S. Renner. "Gourds afloat: a dated phylogeny reveals an Asian origin of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and numerous oversea dispersal events." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1658 (November 25, 2008): 843–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1447.
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Knowing the geographical origin of economically important plants is important for genetic improvement and conservation, but has been slowed by uneven geographical sampling where relatives occur in remote areas of difficult access. Less biased species sampling can be achieved when herbarium collections are included as DNA sources. Here, we address the history of Cucurbitaceae, one of the most economically important families of plants, using a multigene phylogeny for 114 of the 115 genera and 25 per cent of the 960 species. Worldwide sampling was achieved by using specimens from 30 herbaria. Results reveal an Asian origin of Cucurbitaceae in the Late Cretaceous, followed by the repeated spread of lineages into the African, American and Australian continents via transoceanic long-distance dispersal (LDD). North American cucurbits stem from at least seven range expansions of Central and South American lineages; Madagascar was colonized 13 times, always from Africa; Australia was reached 12 times, apparently always from Southeast Asia. Overall, Cucurbitaceae underwent at least 43 successful LDD events over the past 60 Myr, which would translate into an average of seven LDDs every 10 Myr. These and similar findings from other angiosperms stress the need for an increased tapping of museum collections to achieve extensive geographical sampling in plant phylogenetics.
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Fensham, R. J., and B. Laffineur. "Defining the native and naturalised flora for the Australian continent." Australian Journal of Botany 67, no. 1 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18168.
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The value of distinguishing between plant species regarded as ‘native’ and ‘alien’ has special relevance in the island continent of Australia, where European settlement was a springboard for human-assisted plant dispersal. The year of European settlement is proposed here as providing a distinction between a ‘native’ and ‘naturalised’ flora and is applied for the entire Australian flora of vascular plants. Herbarium collections and ecological criteria were employed to determine the status of 168 species of ambiguous origin. The date of 1788 proved to be a relatively straightforward criterion to assign native and naturalised status and the origin of only 27 plant species remains ambiguous. The dispersal of plants between continents is an ongoing process but European settlement of the Australian continent represents a very sharp biogeographic event for the Australian flora and provides a straightforward criterion for determining the ‘naturalised’ species.
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Entwisle, TJ. "A monograph of Vaucheria (Vaucheriaceae, Chrysophyta) in south-eastern mainland Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 1, no. 1 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9880001.
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Twenty-five species of Vaucheria have been found in south-eastern Australia, from both freshwater and saline habitats. As many collections were sterile, the study of plants in culture was necessary for identification as well as for the evaluation of taxonomic characters. A reassessment of the sectional classification has led to the raising of the subsections Racemosae (Walz) Heering and Sessiles (Walz) Heering to sectional level. Of the nine sections of the genus recognised, six are represented in south-eastern Australia. A key has been provided to all sections and species found during the study. Twentyone species are new records for the continent, including the newly described V. bicornigera [section Tubuligerae (Walz) Heering sens, nov.], V. gyrogyna [section Racemosae (Walz) sect, nov.] and V. nanandra [section Corniculatae (Walz) Heering sens. nov.]. Two other species, V. gardneri Collins and V. subarechavaletae Borge, were previously only known from the U.S.A. and Argentina respectively. The salient morphological features of all species have been illustrated with light micrographs or with scanning electron micrographs.
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Radford, I. J., P. Muller, S. Fiffer, and P. W. Michael. "Genetic relationships between Australian fireweed and South African and Madagascan populations of Senecio madagascariensis Poir. and closely related Senecio species." Australian Systematic Botany 13, no. 3 (2000): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98029.
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An isozyme and morphological study of Senecio madagascariensis Poir. and closely related species in Australia, South Africa and Madagascar was used to investigate the most likely region of origin for Australian plants known as fireweed. Collections of seed and voucher specimens were made in New South Wales, KwaZulu-Natal, East and West Cape Provinces and southern Madagascar and specimens classified according to recognised taxa or descriptive variants. Plants were characterised by using isozyme analyses and morphological observations of both voucher specimens and achenes. Australian fireweed populations were found to be most closely related to populations of S. madagascariensis from KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, and to be more distantly related to populations from East and West Cape Provinces in South Africa and from Madagascar. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to efforts to locate host-specific biological control agents for fireweed.
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Auld, TD. "Patterns of Predispersal Seed Predators in the Fabaceae of the Sydney Region, South-Eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 5 (1991): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910519.
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Predispersal seed predators are widespread throughout the legume flora of south-eastern Australia. Within the Coleoptera, weevils, anthribids and bruchids are important seed predators. Some weevils are restricted to certain host plant genera and are found on many species of these genera, e.g. Melanterius on Acacia; Plaesiorhinus on Bossiaea. Anthribids and bruchids are found in a range of plant genera. Host-specific relationships in these latter two groups must await further insect collections and subsequent taxonomic treatments of the insects involved. More generalist seed feeders are some Hymenoptera, including Eurytoma (Eurytomidae) and probably Megastigmus (Torymidae). Other hymenopterans associated with seeds are mostly parasitic on coleopteran larvae, e.g. Diospilus spp. (Brachonidae) on Plaesiorhinus (Curculionidae). Lepidopterans are also widespread seed feeders; however, detailed relationships between lepidoptera and host plants requires successful rearing of adult moths. Hemipterans are probably relatively unimportant as destructive seed feeders in south-eastern Australian legumes.
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Cunningham, D. C., and K. B. Walsh. "Establishment of the peanut bruchid (Caryedon serratus) in Australia and two new host species, Cassia brewsteri and C. tomentella." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 1 (2002): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00182.
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The distribution of Caryedon serratus, the peanut (groundnut) bruchid, on 2 Australian native plants, Cassia brewsteri and C. tomentella, was documented over 2 years. Caryedon serratus was observed across the central and northern parts of the range of C. brewsteri (latitudes 19.258–24.140˚S) and at least part of the range of C. tomentella (as far as 24.427˚S). Seed loss to C. serratus in these species assessed across all collection sites was 40 ± 8.0% (mean ± s.e.). Where the bruchid was detected at a given site, 72 ± 8.6% of pods on 71 ± 8.5% of trees were affected. Additional distribution points and other potential host species from previous C. serratus collections in the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC) are reported. The combined data were used to predict a potential range for the bruchid across the dry tropics of Australia. No reports of migration to cultivated or stored peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in Australia were located. Further investigation of the potential impact of this bruchid on the Australian peanut industry is recommended. A potentially beneficial aspect of C. serratus establishment may be the biological control of Acacia nilotica (prickly acacia) in Australia.
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Davison, E. M., and F. C. S. Tay. "Management of tar spot disease caused by Phyllachora grevilleae subsp. grevilleae on Hakea myrtoides (Proteaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 5 (2010): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10008.
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Hakea myrtoides Meisn. is an attractive shrub that has a restricted distribution in the south-west of Western Australia. It is not killed by fire but re-sprouts from basal lignotubers. Its leaves are often severely affected by tar spot disease, caused by the biotrophic, stromatic ascomycete Phyllachora grevilleae (Lév.) Sacc. subsp. grevilleae (Lév) Sacc. This disease is spread by ascospores that are produced during the wettest months of the year: late autumn, winter and spring. Badly infected populations of H. myrtoides were burnt, either in a controlled burn in November 2007, or in a wildfire in January 2008. The incidence of tar spot disease on leaves of burnt plants in 2008 and 2009 was 4.4%, while its incidence on unburnt plants was significantly higher (25.1%). The incidence of flowering in 2009 was similar in both burnt and unburnt populations. Tar spot disease is common on H. myrtoides; it is present on 77% of collections of this host in the Western Australian Herbarium (PERTH).
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De Barro, P. J., and M. T. Coombs. "Post-release evaluation of Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich and Rose in Australia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, no. 2 (October 24, 2008): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006445.
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AbstractBemisia tabaci biotype B is a significant pest of agriculture world-wide. It was first detected in Australia in 1994. Assessments of the potential of parasitoids already present in Australia to control this pest indicated that two species of Eretmocerus and 11 species of Encarsia were present, but they did not exert sufficient control with a combined average of 5.0±0.3% apparent parasitism of 4th instars. Further, only 25% of samples containing biotype B had parasitised individuals present. The surveys also identified that fewer B biotype were being parasitised compared with the Australian indigenous biotype. Overall, Er. mundus was the most abundant parasitoid prior to the introduction. Previous research indicated that Er. hayati offered the best prospects for Australia and, in October 2004, the first releases were made. Since then, levels of apparent parasitism have averaged 29.3±0.1% of 4th instars with only 24% of collections having no parasitism present. Eretmocerus hayati contributed 85% of the overall apparent parasitism. In addition, host plants of the whitefly with low or no parasitism prior to the release have had an order of magnitude increase in levels of parasitism. This study covers the establishment of the case to introduce Er. hayati and the post-release establishment period November 2004–March 2008.
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Wang, Jian. "Diversity of exotic vascular plant species on Moreton Island in subtropical Australia: increase over 100 years." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 5 (2014): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14032.
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There have been significant increases in the richness of exotic vascular plant species over the past century on Moreton Island, Australia. In total, 120 exotic species (including eight declared plants) in 90 genera and 42 families were collected and collated through field surveys during 2008–2010 and from the Queensland Herbarium collections. One-hundred years ago, no exotic vascular plant species were recorded. Sixteen years later, 14 exotic species in 14 genera from 11 families were collected. A half century later (1973–1975), a detailed vegetation survey recorded 66 exotic species (including five declared plants) belonging to 57 genera from 30 families. This increase coincides with a history of increasingly frequent wild fires, increasing human activities and greater presence of feral animals. The most significant increase occurred after the 1973–1975 surveys, namely an increase of 54 more species, equivalent to an 81.8% increase. These latter species included 17 (31.5%) woody species, 11 (20.4%) graminoid species and 26 (48.1%) forb species. The Sorensen similarity index (ISS) of total exotic species between the surveys of 1973–1975 and 2008–2010 was intermediate (ISS = 0.62). Index for woody species (ISS = 0.60) was also intermediate. Indices for annual graminoids (ISS = 0.53) and perennial forbs (ISS = 0.40) were all relatively low between the studies. Perennial graminoids and annual forbs had high similarity indices, namely, 0.75 and 0.72, respectively. The invasiveness of these plants was also assessed and it was shown that the ‘highly invasive’ and ‘generally invasive’ species were relatively few in number. The findings highlight the rapid increase and change in exotic vascular plant species on Moreton Island and the need for a more robust understanding of the exotic species’ dynamics of the island in order to inform weed management and native vegetation protection services.
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Wijayabandara, Kusinara, Shane Campbell, Joseph Vitelli, and Steve Adkins. "Plant and Seed Mortality of Fireweed Senecio madagascariensis Following Herbicide Application." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036160.
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Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis Poir), is a weed of National significance and one of the worst weeds of coastal pastures in South Eastern Australia. Chemical control has been found to be effective in killing plants but there is no information on the effect of herbicides on the seeds that may be present on plants at the time of application. Consequently, a study was undertaken to determine the effect of five selective herbicides (1) on plant mortality at different life stages and (2) on the viability (as assessed by germination) of fireweeds seeds at different stages of maturity. Potted plants of the required growth stages were obtained through several collections of different sized seedlings from a field site near Brisbane. Before herbicide application, in the mature plant cohort the inflorescences were tagged according to their maturity as being either immature (IM) or intermediate (INT). Plants were sprayed with either fluroxypyr/aminopyralid (HotShot™) (A), bromoxynil (Bromicide® 200) (B), metsulfuron-methyl (Brush-Off®) (C), triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid (Grazon™ extra) (D), triclopyr/picloram/aminopyralid (TordonTM regrowthMaster) (E) at the recommended rates with untreated control plants of the three growth stages also included for comparison. All herbicides killed fireweed seedlings and juvenile plants, but only treatments A, D and E gave high plant mortality (>80%) of mature plants. All herbicides also caused nil germination of seeds collected 30 days after spraying, except for a small percentage (8% germination) of mature seeds from Bromoxynil treated plants. These results have identified several herbicides capable of killing mature fireweed plants and minimizing replenishment of soil seed reserves.
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Groom, Quentin, Sofie De Smedt, Nuno Veríssimo Pereira, Ann Bogaerts, and Henry Engledow. "DoeDat, the Crowdsourcing Platform of Meise Botanic Garden." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26803.
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Herbarium specimens hold a wealth of data about plants; where they come from, where they were collected and by whom. Once digitized, these data can be searched, mapped and compared. However, the information on specimens is often handwritten and even the best software systems cannot read it. This is where we get real value from citizen involvement. Digitizing these data is only possible with the aid of human intelligence. DoeDat is a multilingual open-source platform for transcription, based upon the DigiVol program of the Australian Museum and Atlas of Living Australia. DoeDat is a product of our digitization project Digital Access to Cultural Heritage Collections (DOE!), funded by the Flemish Government. DoeDat is about creating data and also, ‘Doe Dat’ means ‘do that’ in Dutch. DoeDat will help us digitize our collections, and will also give the public the chance to take an active part in the process. We aim to build a community of enthusiastic online volunteers who will help us liberate botanical data from specimen labels and documents. We launched the platform on Science Day and within two months, more than one hundred volunteers had transcribed more than 4,000 specimens. Join in at www.DoeDat.be
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Rumpff, Libby, Fiona Coates, and John W. Morgan. "Biological indicators of climate change: evidence from long-term flowering records of plants along the Victorian coast, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 6 (2010): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10053.
Full textAbstract:
We investigate the utility of using historical data sources to track changes in flowering time of coastal species in south-eastern Australia in response to recent climate warming. Studies of this nature in the southern hemisphere are rare, mainly because of a paucity of long-term data sources. Despite this, we found there is considerable potential to utilise existing data sourced from herbaria collections and field naturalists’ notes and diaries to identify native plant species suitable as biological indicators of climate change. Of 101 candidate species investigated in the present study, eight were identified as showing a general trend towards earlier flowering over time, indicating a correlation with increasing temperatures. There was some evidence to suggest that species which flower in spring and summer may be more sensitive to changes in temperature. There was a high level of uncertainty regarding the detection of trends, which was a function of the accessibility, abundance and accuracy of the various data sources. However, this uncertainty could be resolved in future studies by combining the datasets from the present study with field monitoring of phenological cycles in climatically different locations. Data held by community groups could be made more accessible if there was a concerted effort to fund collation and digitisation of these records. This might best be achieved by working with community groups, and facilitated through the recent establishment of a community phenological observation database in Australia.
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Read, Elizabeth, Priyanka Reddy, David Rendell, and Simone Rochfort. "Changes in field concentrations of five phalaris alkaloids and their association with toxicity in pastures of Victoria, Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 4 (2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19293.
Full textAbstract:
Phalaris aquatica is known to cause toxicity in livestock in the form of acute or chronic staggers or sudden death neurological (SDN) syndrome. Breeding of cultivars that produce lower concentrations of suspected alkaloid toxins has been conducted, but these cultivars continue to cause staggers and SDN toxicity. Field samples of grazed phalaris pasture were collected during one growth season (February–June 2016), and from pastures where cases of staggers and/or SDN had occurred in previous years, and immediately after two cases of toxicity. Pasture collected from a paddock where a case of SDN occurred 4 days prior had elevated levels of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO DMT) and slightly elevated levels of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) compared with other collections from the region. Pasture collected from a paddock at the time of a case of phalaris staggers did not have elevated levels of the quantified alkaloids. Across the measurement period, potentially toxic alkaloids gramine, hordenine, DMT and 5-MeO DMT were observed to decrease in concentration, whereas β-carboline (norharmane) was not detected in any sample. Excessive drying out of dormant plants was hypothesised to be a risk factor for phalaris toxicity. Continued management of potentially toxic phalaris pasture could include measures to manipulate the physiological processes that result in increased toxic alkaloids, including methods to reduce drying out of dormant phalaris plants, and managing stocking rates and grazing species to mitigate potential toxicity.
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Nguyen, VP, AD Needham, and JA Friend. "A quantitative dietary study of the ?Critically Endangered? Gilbert?s potoroo Potorous gilbertii." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 1 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05001.
Full textAbstract:
Faecal analysis from the only known population of Gilbert?s potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) near Albany, Western Australia revealed that it, like other rat-kangaroo species is primarily mycophagous. Diet was determined by faecal collections from live-captured animals within Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve. Microscopic examination of samples collected from June - September 2000 and additional samples from storage, found fungi to comprise over 90% of faecal matter. A total of 44 fungal spore types were identified with many believed to be of hypogeous origin. Fungal spores belonging to the genera Mesophellia, Elaphomyces, Hysterangium and an unknown spore type (Unknown 1) were frequently recorded in samples. Non-fungal material including plants (stems, roots and seeds) and invertebrates represented the remainder. This investigation found that P. gilbertii fed almost exclusively on fungi and could be considered a specialised mycophagist.
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Boyd-Wilson, Kirsty S. H., M. Virginia Marroni, Mark R. McNeill, and David A. J. Teulon. "New Zealand indigenous Myrtaceae in foreign botanic gardens: testing the sentinel plant concept for biosecurity risk assessment." New Zealand Plant Protection 74, no. 1 (February 7, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2021.74.11728.
Full textAbstract:
The use of sentinel or expatriate plants is a growing concept for risk assessment in plant biosecurity. This approach involves ascertaining the presence and impact of pests and pathogens on plants foreign to a given location but planted in international botanic gardens or arboreta. The data obtained provide information on the potential pest status of these pests and pathogens, as invasive alien species (IAS), to plant species in their native or indigenous range. Assessment of the biosecurity threat from IAS for indigenous plants not found within the geographic distribution of these pests and pathogens is challenging, however, as they may be relatively taxonomically distinct from plants found in the distribution of the IAS and can be in different climates and environments. We examine the sentinel/expatriate concept in relation to risk assessment for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) on New Zealand Myrtaceae on these plants found in botanic gardens and arboreta outside New Zealand. Between September 2017 and September 2018, we identified and then contacted 65 botanic gardens or arboreta that putatively had New Zealand Myrtaceae and were within the known distribution of myrtle rust. We asked for information on the presence of New Zealand Myrtaceae species in their collections and whether these plants were infected by myrtle rust. Sixteen gardens/arboreta responded; most were in Australia or the United States. Only one of these gardens provided information that was useful for biosecurity risk assessment for myrtle rust on New Zealand Myrtaceae. The results are discussed in the context of plant biosecurity risk assessment and the broader sentinel/expatriate plant concept.
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Bougher, Neale L., and Teresa Lebel. "Sequestrate (truffle-like) fungi of Australia and New Zealand." Australian Systematic Botany 14, no. 3 (2001): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb00002.
Full textAbstract:
Sequestrate fungi are a polyphyletic, diverse group of macrofungi with truffle-like, underground (hypogeous) or emergent fruit bodies, which are well represented in Australia and New Zealand. The first species in the region were described in 1844, but sequestrate fungi have been poorly documented until recent times. Regional diversity of sequestrate fungi is high in comparison to other parts of the world: for ascomycetes and basidiomycetes 83 genera and 294 species are currently known in Australia and 32 genera and 58 species in New Zealand. Only an estimated 12–23% of species are known for Australia and 25–30% for New Zealand. On that basis, between 1278–2450 species may occur in Australia and 193–232 in New Zealand. Centres of diversity for some groups of sequestrate fungi occur in the region, e.g. Russulaceae (five known genera, 68 species) and Cortinariaceae (eight genera, 33 species). Some other groups are less diverse than in the northern hemisphere, e.g. sequestrate Boletaceae (seven genera, 25 species). More than 35% of Australian sequestrate genera and 95% of species are endemic; for New Zealand about 45% of sequestrate genera and 80% of species are endemic. Australia and New Zealand share similarities in sequestrate fungi at generic level (11% of total) but do not share many of the same species (4% of total). Knowledge of biogeographical distributions is limited by incomplete taxonomic knowledge and insufficient collections. Some Gondwanan, Australasian and widespread/cosmopolitan patterns are evident. Some exotic sequestrate fungi have been recently introduced and some fungi indigenous to the region occur world-wide as exotics with eucalypt plantings. Within Australia and New Zealand, there is evidence that characteristic suites of fungi co-occur in different climatic and vegetation types. Mycorrhizas of Australian and New Zealand taxa have a range of morphological and physiological attributes relating to their effect on plants and broader roles in ecosystem nutrient cycling and health. Spores of sequestrate fungi are dispersed by a range of fauna. There are tripartite inter-dependent interactions between mycorrhizal plants, sequestrate fungi and native mammals and birds that use the fungi as food. Major environmental influences affecting the distribution, diversity and abundance of sequestrate fungi include climate, topography, soil, vegetation and animals. Imposed upon such influences are a range of natural and human-induced disturbance factors which alter habitat heterogeneity, e.g. fire, fragmentation and replacement of native vegetation and exotic organisms. Rare and endangered sequestrate fungi are likely to occur in Australia and New Zealand, but for most taxa there is insufficient data to determine rarity or commonality. In the face of poor knowledge, assemblage-based and habitat-based approaches are the most appropriate for conservation and management of sequestrate fungi. Habitat heterogeneity may be important for the fungi at scales ranging from different climatic and vegetation types to local topographic-related variations.
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Casanova, Michelle T. "An overview of Nitella (Characeae, Charophyceae) in Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 22, no. 3 (2009): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb08039.
Full textAbstract:
The genus Nitella Ag. in algal family Characeae is characterised by furcate (forked) branchlets, compressed oospores (i.e. oval in cross-section), terminal antheridia and a 10-celled coronula on the oogonium. Species of Nitella are submerged plants that grow in a variety of wetland and riverine habitats. Approximately 89 taxa of Nitella (species, subspecies, varieties and forms) have been described on the basis of Australian collections, and published estimates of the number of species range from 18 to >35. The lower value is based on the assumption that infra-specific variation is great, species have a wide distribution, monoecy and dioecy are not indicative of speciation and the number of furcations and the ratio of branchlet segment lengths vary for a species owing to the environment in which they grow. The higher value is based on evidence that morphological characters are relatively constant for a species, that oospore variation is a good indication of speciation and that monoecious and dioecious entities are not inter-fertile. An overview of Australian members of the genus is presented here as a framework for further taxonomic work. Representatives of all three subgenera of Nitella occur in Australia, with subgenus Nitella poorly represented, and subgenera Tieffallenia and Hyella equally speciose. The subgenera are defined here in relation to the Australian taxa they contain. In the present treatment, section Migularia is transferred from subgenus Tieffallenia to subgenus Hyella, and several species are transferred to subgenus Tieffallenia. Within subgenus Tieffallenia, variation in vegetative and oospore morphology is useful for distinguishing among sections and species. However, although members of subgenus Hyella display a similar range of variation in vegetative morphology, most of the species have similar, reticulate, oospore ornamentation. Australia is home to a large number of endemic species of Nitella, many of which are dioecious. The total number of species and the degree of endemism have been underestimated in earlier studies, and it is likely that more than 50 species of Nitella will be recognised on the basis of Australian specimens. A key to the subgenera, and keys to sections in the subgenera are provided.
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Hill, Kathryn E., Robert S. Hill, and Jennifer R. Watling. "Do CO2, temperature, rainfall and elevation influence stomatal traits and leaf width in Melaleuca lanceolata across southern Australia?" Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 8 (2014): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14300.
Full textAbstract:
Herbarium specimens and contemporary collections were used to investigate the effects of environment and CO2 concentration on stomatal density, stomatal size, maximum potential water loss through stomata (gwmax) and leaf width of Melaleuca lanceolata Otto in southern Australia. Variation in CO2 had no effect on stomatal size and density, or gwmax of M. lanceolata. In contrast, stomatal density was negatively correlated with annual rainfall and there were significant, positive relationships between both elevation and mean maximum temperature and stomatal density. There was also a positive relationship between gwmax and maximum temperature. Leaf width was negatively correlated with both maximum temperature and elevation. We suggest that the increase in stomatal density and gwmax with increasing maximum temperatures enhances the potential for evaporative cooling of M. lanceolata leaves. It could also allow plants to maximise opportunities for carbon fixation during the sporadic rainfall events that are typical of drier, northern regions. This occurs in conjunction with a narrowing of the leaves in warmer climates and higher elevations, which results in a decrease in the thickness of the boundary layer. This combination of smaller leaves and increased potential for evaporative cooling through increased stomatal density and gwmax would allow the leaf to stay closer to its optimal temperature for photosynthesis.
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Prendergast, HDV, and PW Hattersley. "Distribution and cytology of Australian Neurachne and its allies (Poaceae), a group containing C3, C4 and C3-C4 Intermediate species." Australian Journal of Botany 33, no. 3 (1985): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9850317.
Full textAbstract:
Cytological, phytogeographical and habitat data are presented for the Neurachneae (Poaceae), a tribe endemic to Australia and containing seven C3 two C4 and one C3-C4 intermediate species. Chromosome counts for 34 accessions Australia-wide reveal a typical eu-panicoid base number (x = 9). Three species are diploid (Neurachne tenuifolia C3, Thyridolepis mitchelliana C3 and T. xerophila C3,); four species (Paraneurachne muelleri C4, N. minor C3-C4, N. lanigera C3, T. multiculmis C3) are tetraploid only, one (N. queenslandica C3) is hexaploid only, while two (N. alopecuroidea C3 and N. munroi C4) are variable. Aneuploidy was found in individuals of N. minor (2n = 4x+1) and N. queenslandica (2n = 6x -1). Chromosomes are small (mean c. 2 �m) and metacentric or submetacentric. Using localities derived from all known collections in Australian herbaria, actual and computer-predicted distributions were mapped using the Bioclimate Prediction System (BIOCLIM) developed by H. A. Nix and J. R. Busby. Species distributions, habitats and chromosome counts are discussed in relation to photosynthetic pathway, present and past climates and evolutionary history. The Neurachneae are mainly subtropical, arid and semiarid zone plants. However, the distribution of their C3 species contrasts with those of other C3 eu-panicoids and C3 grasses as a whole. The temperate species N. alopecuroidea is the only native C3 eu-panicoid known from south-western Australia. It is suggested that phenotypic expression of C4, photosynthesis in the Neurachneae occurred independently of other grasses and that they did not extend into arid and semiarid regions from a mesic temperate zone.
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BURCKHARDT, DANIEL, and DALVA LUIZ DE QUEIROZ. "Checklist and comments on the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Brazil." Zootaxa 3571, no. 1 (December 4, 2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3571.1.2.
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The published records of jumping plant-lice from Brazil comprise 70 named species but four are erroneous or doubtful. For one species a variety has been described with uncertain status. Seven named species records are added here based on recent collections bringing the number of valid species to 73. Four new combinations are proposed: Colophorina favis (Brown & Hodkinson) (from Euphalerus), Euryconus fossiconis (Brown & Hodkinson) (from Euphalerus), Leuronota solani (Rübsaamen) (from Bactericera) and Macrocorsa beeryi (Caldwell) (from Psyllia). Additional unidentified species are recorded from the genera Auchmeriniella, Calophya, Ciriacremum, Euryconus, Isogonoceraia, Leuronota, Mastigimas, Pseudophacopteron and Livia, the last being considered a misidentification. Another 23 records concern psyllid galls which could not be attributed to any genus. The collection of psyllid galls from Brazil described by E. H. Rübsaamen was revised. The checklist provides for each species the general and Brazilian distributions as well as the host plants. Biogeographical and host plant patterns are briefly discussed. Half of the native psyllid genera are endemic to the Neotropic Region and slightly less than a third are restricted to the New World. Ten species are introduced from Australia (4), Europe (2), Asia (1) and other parts of South America (3). Fabaceae are host plants of a majority of members of the Psyllidae, whereas many Triozidae are associated with Myrtaceae.
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Hopper, Stephen D. "From Botany Bay to Breathing Planet: an Australian perspective on plant diversity and global sustainability." Pacific Conservation Biology 19, no. 4 (2013): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130356.
Full textAbstract:
With a special focus on Australia, this paper proposes that plant diversity is fundamentally important for sustainable living at a time of unprecedented global change. The establishment of Australia as a nation is intimately linked with Botany Bay, named by Captain James Cook following the enthusiasm for novel botanical discoveries made by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander on the Endeavour’s first Australian landfall in 1770. On returning to England, Banks was introduced to King George III, and they became firm friends, the King inviting Banks to become honorary Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew in west London. Today, Kew is the world’s largest botanical garden, with the most diverse scientific collections of plants on Earth, leading research, and conservation projects like the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership. Plant diversity has never been more important than now to help with solutions towards sustainable livelihoods. This paper touches upon global plant diversity patterns, ongoing scientific discovery, and strategies that have helped and will help towards humans living with and sustainably using plant diversity. Such approaches are embraced in the Breathing Planet Programme, Kew’s strategy with partners for inspiring and delivering science-based plant conservation worldwide, aimed at enhancing the quality of life at a time of unprecedented global change. Today’s plant science and cross-cultural learning with Australia’s Aboriginal people are also helping better understand the astounding place that Banks first stepped onto at Botany Bay, and demonstrating that Australia has much to teach the world about plant diversity and human enrichment on ancient landscapes. OCBIL Theory is explored briefly to exemplify this contention; OCBIL is an acronym for ‘old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes’.
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Vinijsanun, T., DF Cameron, JAG Irwin, and A. Barnes. "Phenotypic variation for disease resistance and virulence within naturalized populations of Stylosanthes humilis and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 4 (1987): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870717.
Full textAbstract:
The extent of variation for host disease reaction and pathogen virulence was studied in naturalized populations of Stylosanthes hurnilis and Colletotrichurn gloeosporioides, the causal fungus of an anthracnose disease of Stylosanthes spp. Diseased plants (S0) were collected from the field at three sites (Townsville, Wrotham Park and Niall) in North Queensland, and first generation selfed (S1) progenies (host-lines) and single spore fungal cultures were grown for each of the collections made. Within a site, all host-lines were inoculated with each fungal isolate from that site, and a fourth experiment was conducted with representative host-pathogen combinations from each site. Sufficient seed was obtained to allow testing of 12, 10 and 8 collections from Niall, Wrotham Park and Townsville respectively. Significant variation (P < 0.01) between disease severity values for host-line means, fungal isolate means and host-line/fungal isolate interactions was found in all four experiments. Differences between fungal isolate means were the main source of variation in three of the four experiments. Both the differences in virulence within the pathogen population and the differences in resistance of the hostlines appeared to be quantitatively inherited. One host-line from Wrotham Park was significantly more resistant than the susceptible check, cv. Paterson, in two replicated experiments indicating that selection for some improvement in resistance within the naturalized populations should be possible. However, none of the host-lines from the Townsville and Niall sites were significantly more resistant than Paterson, suggesting that little natural selection for resistance has occurred within the naturalized host populations over the 10 years following the first outbreak of the disease in northern Australia.
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Rossman, A. Y., R. Goenaga, and L. Keith. "First Report of Dolabra nepheliae on Rambutan and Litchi in Hawaii and Puerto Rico." Plant Disease 91, no. 12 (December 2007): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1685c.
Full textAbstract:
A stem canker disease on rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindaceae) was found in plants in Hawaii and Puerto Rico. A fungus associated with cankers was identified as Dolabra nepheliae C. Booth & Ting (1). Numerous black, stipitate, elongate ascomata were produced within cracks of cankers. These ascomata contain elongate, bitunicate asci amid unbranched, interthecial elements and thin, cylindrical, hyaline ascospores measuring 96 to 136 × 2.5 to 3.5 μm. This fungus was originally described from Malaysia on N. lappaceum (1) and is also known on pulasan (N. mutabile Blume) in Australia (2). Classified by the Food and Agriculture Organization as a ‘minor disease’, the canker appears to be relatively common in Hawaii and was most likely introduced into Puerto Rico on imported germplasm. Nevertheless, efforts are underway to study the potential damage of this disease as well as mechanisms of control, including introduction of disease resistant clones. Specimens have been deposited at the U.S. National Fungus Collections (Hawaii on Nephelium BPI 878189, Puerto Rico (PR) on Nephelium BPI 878188, and PR on Litchi BPI 878190). Although a specimen of D. nepheliae on L. chinensis was collected from Hawaii in 1984 by G. Wong and C. Hodges and deposited as BPI 626373, this fungus was not known on Nephelium spp. in Hawaii and was not previously known from Puerto Rico on either host. References: (1) C. Booth and W. P. Ting. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 47:235, 1964. (2) T. K. Lim and Y. Diczbalis. Rambutan. Page 306 in: The New Rural Industries. Online publication. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Australia, 1997.
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TANG, FENG-XIA, JIAN-WU LI, BO PAN, XUN-FENG WU, YONG LUO, and QIANG LIU. "New and Newly Record Orchids of Nervilia (Nervilieae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) in China." Phytotaxa 379, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.379.2.4.
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Nervilia Commerson ex Gaudichaud (1829: 42) is characterized by having prominent fan-shaped venation of leaves and developing flowers and leaves at different times and all above ground parts died back at the end of the growing season (Pridgeon et al. 2005). This genus comprised approximately 71 species, distributed from tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Southwest Pacific islands (Govaert et al. 2017). The characteristic of ephemeral pattern of emergence tends to make plants overlooked in the field and under-represented in herbaria, and the temporal separation of the flowering and leafing phases makes complete or correctly matched collections rare (Seidenfaden 1978), confounding taxonomic understanding of the genus as a whole (Chen and Gale 2009). The genus was divided into four sections (Linervia, Vinerlia, Nervilia and Kyimbilaea) by Schlechter (1911, 1915), but Pettersson (1990a, b) sunk sect. Kyimbilaea into the sect. Linervia. Although revision of some confused species or new species have been published in the last decade (Gale et al. 2008, 2010, 2013, Eum et al. 2011, Jalal et al. 2012, Hsu et al. 2012), a comprehensive infrageneric delimitation combined with descriptions of morphological characters and molecular phylogeny within Nervilia is still needed.
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Kleemann, S. G. L., and G. S. Gill. "Differences in the distribution and seed germination behaviour of populations of Bromus rigidus and Bromus diandrus in South Australia: adaptations to habitat and implications for weed management." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 2 (2006): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05200.
Full textAbstract:
A field survey was undertaken in South Australia to determine the relative distribution of the brome grass species B. diandrus and B. rigidus. Seeds of brome grass plants were collected from locations across the Yorke (n = 10) and Eyre Peninsulas (n = 25). B. rigidus was found more frequently and at higher densities in South Australian crops than B. diandrus, which showed a distinct preference for undisturbed fence-line margins. Species identity of brome plants in each sample was initially determined by assessing morphology of the callus-scar of the caryopsis as well as the structure of the panicle. Species identity was later confirmed by counting somatic chromosome number. There was consistent agreement between the 2 approaches to identification, indicating that these morphological features can be used with confidence when identifying B. diandrus and B. rigidus in the field. Although B. diandrus and B. rigidus are morphologically very similar, they showed large differences in germination behaviour. B. diandrus seeds collected from fence-line margins were more germinable than B. rigidus from neighbouring cropped areas. Populations of B. rigidus also showed strong inhibition of seed germination when exposed to light. This inhibitory effect of light on seed germination was not seen in the B. diandrus collections. Two populations of B. rigidus from Yorke Peninsula showed little germination (<15% germination in complete darkness) until well after the start of the next growing season. These 2 populations did, however, show a large response to treatment with gibberellic acid (1 mm), indicating high seed viability but presence of deep dormancy. From a practical point of view, the germination behaviour (longer dormancy and light inhibition) exhibited by B. rigidus would allow this species to proliferate under conservation tillage systems such as no-till, where seeds only experience complete darkness after burial following the sowing operation. Germination behaviour of B. rigidus observed in this study is expected to contribute to greater seed carry-over from one season to the next, and favour its colonisation in crops, as seen in the current field survey.
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McAleer, John. "‘The troubles of collecting’: William Henry Harvey and the practicalities of natural-history collecting in Britain's nineteenth-century world." British Journal for the History of Science 55, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087421000704.
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AbstractIn recent decades, historians have become increasingly interested in the logistical challenges and difficulties encountered by those responsible for the collection, preservation and safe transport of specimens from the field to the museum or laboratory. This article builds on this trend by looking beyond apparent successes to consider the practices and practicalities of shipboard travel and maritime and coastal collecting activities. The discussion focuses on the example of William Henry Harvey, who travelled to Australia in pursuit of cryptogams – non-flowering plants like mosses, lichens and algae – in 1853. In his private correspondence to family and friends, Harvey offered insights into the challenges and obstacles faced by all collectors in the period. His experiences were fundamentally shaped by the material culture, embodied knowledge and physical constraints he encountered on the way. On one level, shipboard and onshore collecting activities were facilitated by the connections forged by new technologies and Britain's global empire. But they also depended on specific contexts and relied on local agents and actors, as well as on the physical and technical facilities (and limitations) of those doing the collecting. The examples of Harvey and others shed light on the real, ‘lived’ experiences of individual collectors, the difficulties and challenges they encountered in amassing their collections, and the networks of people on which they relied.
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Jouen, E., P. Laurent, I. Robène-Soustrade, L. Gagnevin, O. Pruvost, B. Hostachy, G. Gateblé, R. Amice, and F. Imbert. "First Report in New Caledonia of Bacterial Blight of Anthurium Caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae." Plant Disease 91, no. 4 (April 2007): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-4-0462b.
Full textAbstract:
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of bacterial blight of aroids (BBA), has been reported in many regions and has been isolated on several host genera (1). During February 2004, in a nursery (Mont Dore) in New Caledonia, suspect symptoms have been observed on anthurium and dieffenbachia plants. A survey carried out on the entire island revealed that X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae was present in 41 of the 89 nurseries inspected. During hot and humid weather, marginal or interveinal water-soaked spots surrounded by chlorotic or necrotic areas were observed, usually followed by a systemic phase (stem rotting and death of the plant). During the cold and dry season, only water-soaked spots were observed. Seventy pure cultures isolated from anthurium and dieffenbachia were gram negative, yellow pigmented, and had a mucoid aspect when grown on rich media. All strains responded positively to the Xcd108 monoclonal antibody (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN) raised against X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae using indirect ELISA. A set of 18 strains (isolated from 15 anthurium and 3 dieffenbachia plants located in different sites) were further characterized by molecular and pathogenicity tests. All strains reacted positively using a specific nested PCR assay (1). Pathogenicity tests were performed on 8-month-old plants of Anthurium andreanum ‘Carré’, Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Tropic Marianne’, and Syngonium podophyllum ‘Robusta’ by syringue infiltration of a suspension containing approximately 105 CFU mL-1. Each strain was inoculated onto three young leaves (four inoculation sites per leaf) on two plants. Control plants received sterile Tris buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.2). Plants were maintained in a growth chamber with day and night temperatures of 30 ± 1°C and 26 ± 1°C, respectively, 95 ± 5% relative humidity, 30 μmol m-2·s-1 light intensity and a photoperiod of 12 h (1). On all plants, all strains caused typical water-soaked symptoms within 10 days, evolving into chlorotic then necrotic areas after 20 to 24 days. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed three haplotypes among these strains, which suggests that several introduction events may have occurred. These AFLP fingerprints were compared with other Xanthomonas spp. pathovars, including most of X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains obtained from international culture collections, and were found to belong to the same genomic group as all the X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae strains pathogenic on anthurium. Importation in New Caledonia of aroids from countries in which X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae is present (Hawaii, French Polynesia, the Netherlands, and Australia) occurred before 2004. The wide distribution of BBA is very likely due to the plant material movements occurring in New Caledonia and suggests that the pathogen may have been present on the territory some years before the first official case. Reference: (1) I. Robene-Soustrade et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:1072, 2006.
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Satyanti, Annisa, Adrienne B. Nicotra, Thomas Merkling, and Lydia K. Guja. "Seed mass and elevation explain variation in seed longevity of Australian alpine species." Seed Science Research 28, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258518000090.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractConserving alpine ecosystems and the plant communities they contain using ex situ conservation requires an understanding of seed longevity. Knowledge of seed longevity may determine the effectiveness of ex situ seed banking for alpine plant conservation, and may provide insight into plant recruitment in situ. We sought to determine the influence of elevation and climatic variables, as well as plant and seed traits, on the seed longevity of 57 species inhabiting a unique biome, (sub-)alpine regions of mainland Australia. Seed longevity was estimated using controlled accelerated ageing tests to determine the time taken for seed viability to fall by 50%. We found that, across the study species, like alpine seeds elsewhere in the world, Australian alpine seeds are relatively short-lived and overall shorter-lived than Australian plants in general. Seed mass and elevation explained most of the variation in seed longevity among the Australian alpine species considered. Species with larger seed mass, and collections made at higher elevations, were found to have relatively short-lived seeds. Phylogeny, however, explained very little of the variation in longevity. Our results suggest that viability testing for Australian alpine seeds in ex situ seed banks should be conducted with shorter intervals than for the non-alpine flora. This study highlights how seed longevity in the Australian Alps is not dictated primarily by evolutionary lineage but rather by a complex combination of environmental variables and intrinsic seed characteristics. Potential implications for conservation ex situ and in situ in the context of climate change are discussed.
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Damayanti, F., R. J. Lawn, and L. M. Bielig. "Genotypic variation in domesticated and wild accessions of the tropical tuberous legume Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 10 (2010): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10029.
Full textAbstract:
Vigna vexillata is an underutilised perennial tuberous legume with several multipurpose uses. In a comparative study to identify sources of potentially useful genetic variation, six cultivated accessions from two regions in Bali, a var. macrosperma accession and 12 wild accessions from Africa, Australia and Indonesia were evaluated for selected morphological, agronomic and phenological traits. Measurements were made of qualitative and quantitative traits on plants grown over the spring–autumn period in large pots on benches outdoors at Townsville, Australia (19°19.7′S, 146°45.7′E). Variation among the genotypes was assessed between the three main groups of accessions, between provenances within groups, and between accessions within provenances. Large variation was observed for most traits, with clear differentiation evident between the three main groups of accession. There was minimal variation within the Bali accessions for all except tuber attributes, while within the wild accessions there were some small differences due to provenance. The Bali accessions and var. macrosperma shared many attributes often associated with domestication, distinguishing them from the wild accessions. For example, the Bali accessions and var. macrosperma had broad-ovate leaflets, uniform-coloured seed testa, and non-dehiscent pods, and larger pods and seeds, seed yield per plant and seed harvest index than the wild accessions. Nonetheless, there were distinct differences between the Bali accessions and var. macrosperma. The Bali accessions had a larger seed size but fewer seeds per pod than var. macrosperma and were unique in having more than twice as many flowers per peduncle and a much longer duration of seed development than either var. macrosperma or the wild accessions. Whereas the Bali accessions were photoperiod-sensitive and as a consequence, late flowering and vegetatively vigorous, var. macrosperma was early flowering, more bush-like in habit and had higher seed yield and seed harvest index, all traits associated with domestication. Across all the accessions, there were significant correlations between many pairs of traits. While the present study identified sources of potentially useful variation, it was concluded that the lack of variation within the Bali accessions, combined with the paucity of both cultivated and var. macrosperma accessions in current germplasm collections, pose constraints to the future genetic improvement of V. vexillata.
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Klazenga, Niels. "The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) and the Changing Role of Herbaria." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25866.
Full textAbstract:
Australia’s Virtual Herbarium (AVH) was created in 2001 and developed between 2001 and 2006 with the databasing of the label data of specimens from the Australian Commonwealth, state and territory herbaria. The success of AVH ultimately led to funding for the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) and in October 2012 AVH was re-launched as part of the ALA infrastructure (http://avh.chah.org.au). Since 2012, some university herbaria have also joined AVH and in June 2017 the New Zealand Virtual Herbarium (NZVH) was integrated, giving rise to the Australasian Virtual Herbarium. The AVH currently holds almost 6.3 million records from 23 Australian and New Zealand herbaria and comprises over 80 per cent of the vouchered occurrence records of Australian plants, algae and fungi in ALA. While no longer at the forefront of the digitisation wave, having been around for so long, AVH can provide valuable insights into how and to what extent herbarium data is used and into the benefits of digitisation for herbaria and natural history collections. Six years of download statistics shows an ever-increasing use of AVH data and a widening of the user base. A far greater proportion of downloaded records is ostensibly used for new uses like ecological research and conservation, than for the traditional uses of herbarium specimen data, systematics and collections management. The last few years have also seen an increase in the use of AVH data in education. Over the years many research articles based on AVH data have been written, mostly at the interface between ecology and systematics, i.e. biogeography and conservation science. With the increase of the types of uses for herbarium data, it becomes important, also for the herbaria themselves, to consider the fitness for purpose of AVH data for uses other than the purpose for which it was collected. It has become apparent that the uncertainty of the latitudes and longitude provided with herbarium specimens is often too great for use in ecological research or conservation and there is a bias in collection density at the bioregion level, which is likely to be more severe at smaller spatial scales. Also, while the demand for vouchered occurrence records is increasing, we have seen a steady decrease in the intake of new specimens by Australian herbaria since the 1980s. This presentation will cover how Australian herbaria use AVH, how other users use AVH and what being part of AVH has meant to Australian herbaria.
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Fomichev, Constantin I., Terry D. Macfarlane, Carmen M. Valiejo-Roman, Tahir H. Samigullin, Galina V. Degtjareva, Barbara G. Briggs, and Dmitry D. Sokoloff. "Two centuries from species discovery to diagnostic characters: molecular and morphological evidence for narrower species limits in the widespread SW Australian Anarthria gracilis complex (Restionaceae s.l./Anarthriaceae, Poales)." PeerJ 9 (March 8, 2021): e10935. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10935.
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Background The extreme southwest of Australia is a biodiversity hotspot region that has a Mediterranean-type climate and numerous endemic plant and animal species, many of which remain to be properly delimited. We refine species limits in Anarthria, a Western Australian endemic genus characterised by the occurrence of the greatest number of plesiomorphic character states in the restiid clade of Poales. In contrast to many other groups of wind-pollinated Australian Poales, Anarthria was traditionally viewed as having well-established species limits. All six currently recognised species, which are conspicuous members of some Western Australian plant communities, were described in the first half of the 19th century. They are traditionally distinguished from each other mainly using quantitative characters. Methods We examined extensive existing herbarium specimens and made new collections of Anarthria in nature. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to study leaf micromorphology. Molecular diversity of Anarthria was examined using a plastid (trnL-F) and a low-copy nuclear marker (at103). This is the first study of species-level molecular diversity in the restiid clade using a nuclear marker. Results Material historically classified as Anarthria gracilis R.Br. actually belongs to three distinct species, A. gracilis s.str., A. grandiflora Nees and A. dioica (Steud.) C.I.Fomichev, each of which forms a well-supported clade in phylogenetic analyses. Both segregate species were described in the first half of the 19th century but not recognised as such in subsequent taxonomic accounts. Anarthria dioica was first collected in 1826, then wrongly interpreted as a species of Juncus (Juncaceae) and described as Juncus dioicus. We provide a formal transfer of the name to Anarthria and for the first time report its clear and qualitative diagnostic characters: an extremely short leaf ligule and distinctive pattern of leaf epidermal micromorphology. A long ligule is present in A. gracilis s.str. and A. grandiflora. These species differ from each other in leaf lamina morphology and anatomy and have mostly non-overlapping distribution ranges. The narrower definition of species provides a basis for future phylogeographic analyses in Anarthria. Our study highlights a need for more extensive use of nuclear DNA markers in Restionaceae. The use of the low copy nuclear marker at103 allowed a clade comprising all three ligulate species of Anarthria to be recognised. The ligule character is used here for the first time in the taxonomy of Anarthria and merits special attention in studies of other restiids. In general, our study uncovered a superficially hidden but, in reality, conspicuous diversity in a common group of wind-pollinated plants in the southwest of Western Australia.
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Caesar, A. J., R. T. Lartey, D. K. Berner, and T. Souissi. "First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Cercospora bizzozeriana on Lepidium draba in the United States." Plant Disease 93, no. 1 (January 2009): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-1-0108b.
Full textAbstract:
The herbaceous perennial Lepidium draba L. is an invasive weed of rangelands and riparian areas in North America and Australia. As of 2002, it had infested 40,500 ha of rangeland in Oregon and large areas in Wyoming and Utah. Little is known of plant pathogens occurring on L. draba, especially in the United States, that could be useful for biological control of the weed. Leaf spots were first noted on a stand of L. draba near Shepherd, MT in 1997. The spots were mostly circular but sometimes irregularly shaped and whitish to pale yellow. The pathogen was erroneously assumed to be Cercospora beticola since its morphological traits closely resembled that species and the area had large fields of sugar beet with heavy Cercospora leaf spot incidence. Diseased leaves of L. draba were collected in 1997 and 2007. Conidia, borne singly on dark gray, unbranched conidiophores produced on dark stromata late in the season, were elongate, hyaline, multiseptate, 38 to 120 × 2 to 6 μm (mostly 38 to 50 × 2 to 5 μm) and had bluntly rounded tips and wider, truncate bases. These characteristics were consistent with the description of C. bizzozeriana Saccardo & Berlese (2). To isolate the fungus, spores were picked from fascicles of conidiophores with a fine-tipped glass rod, suspended in sterile water, and spread on plates of water agar. Germinated spores were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA). The ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 sequences of this fungus (GenBank Accession No. EU887131) were identical to sequences of an isolate of C. bizzozeriana from Tunisia (GenBank Accession No. DQ370428). However, these sequences were also identical to those of a number of Cercospora spp. in GenBank, including C. beticola. We also compared the actin gene sequences of the Montana isolate of C. bizzozeriana (GenBank Accession No. FJ205397) and an isolate of C. beticola from Montana (GenBank Accession No. AF443281); the sequences were 94.6% similar, an appreciable difference. For pathogenicity tests, cultures were grown on carrot leaf decoction agar. Aqueous suspensions of 104 spores per ml from cultures were sprayed on 6-week-old L. draba plants. Plants were covered with plastic bags and placed on the greenhouse bench at 20 to 25°C for 96 h. Koch's postulates were completed by reisolating the fungus from the circular leaf spots that appeared within 10 days, usually on lower leaves. Spores of C. bizzozeriana were also sprayed on seedlings of sugar beet, collard, mustard, radish, cabbage, and kale under conditions identical to those above. No symptoms occurred. After the discovery of the disease in 1997, plants of L. draba in eastern Montana, Wyoming, and Utah were surveyed from 1998 to 2003 for similar symptoms and signs, but none were found. This, to our knowledge, is the first report of C. bizzozeriana in the United States. The initial report of the fungus in North America was from Manitoba in 1938 (1). It has recently been reported as occurring on L. draba in Tunisia (4) and Russia (3) and is reported as common in Europe (2). A voucher specimen has been deposited with the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI No. 878750A). References: (1) G. R. Bisby. The Fungi of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa, 1938. (2) C. Chupp. A Monograph of the Fungus Genus Cercospora. C. Chupp, Ithaca, NY, 1953. (3) Z. Mukhina et al. Plant Dis. 92:316, 2008. (4) T. Souissi et al. Plant Dis. 89:206, 2005.
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Gladiy, M. V., S. I. Kovtun, and M. G. Porkhun. "ANDRIY PETROVYCH KRUGLYAK – FAMOUS SCIENTIST AND PRACTITIONER IN THE FIELD OF SELECTION AND REPRODUCTION OF FARM ANIMALS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 62 (December 8, 2021): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.62.02.
Full textAbstract:
On December 20, 2021, Andriy Petrovich Kruglyak, a well-known scientist and leading researcher of the Department of Cattle Breeding of the Institute of Animal Breeding nd. a. M.V.Zubets of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, will turn 80 years old. The jubilee was born in the village of Kupchyntsi, Illinetsky district, Vinnytsia region, into a peasant family. In 1962 he graduated from the Illinetsky Agricultural Technical School, worked as a zootechnician-manager of a cattle farm of the Kamyanogirsky sugar factory of the Illinetsky district of the Vinnytsia region.
After serving in the Soviet Army he studied at the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy: 1965–1970 – a student of the Faculty of Zootechnics, 1970–1972 – an intern at the Department of Farm Animal Breeding, where he worked under the guidance of Professors I. V. Smirnov and M. A. Kravchenko, 1972–1974 – graduate student of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy.
In 1974 he defended his dissertation "Age features of the reproductive capacity of bulls in connection with the types of higher nervous activity" in the specialty 06.02.01 – breeding and selection of farm animals. He was awarded the title of senior researcher in 1980.
1974–1976 – senior researcher at the Central Research Station for Artificial Insemination of Farm Animals. Since 1976, the scientific activity of A. P. Kruglyak is connected with the Ukrainian Research Institute of Breeding and Artificial Insemination of Cattle (now the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine), where he holds the position of senior researcher, head of the laboratory for reproduction of farm animals, and since 1996 – the laboratory for breeding red-white cattle and gene pool of breeds (now the department of Selection of Cattle).
The scientific's research is aimed at further development of the breed process through the effective use of the world's best gene pool and improver breeders of domestic breeds, improvement of biotechnology methods for reproduction of farm animals and conservation of genetic resources of farm animals.
On the initiative of A. P. Kruglyak in 1975, as a basis for the accelerated breeding of domestic dairy and beef breeds, technological and organizational method of conservation and rational use of local and endangered domestic breeds, the Bank of Genetic Resources of Cattle at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Breeding and Artificial Insemination of Cattle (t-n Brovary) was created, which concentrated the genetic material of prominent bulls of 50 breeds and breed combinations of the world. The operation of this bank has ensured the accelerated breeding of dairy and beef breeds of cattle in Ukraine through the effective use of the best world gene pool of specialized breeds on all improved breeds of the country as a whole and preservation of local gene pool of local Gray Ukrainian and White-headed Ukrainian breeds.Due to the accelerated implementation of scientific developments of scientists of the institute in selection using genetic material of the gene pool bank, at the personal request of A. P. Kruglyak, the bank of genetic resources was awarded the status of National Heritage (order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from August 19, 2002 № 472-r.).
With the consent of NAAS and the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine in 2003–2007, A. P. Kruglyak headed the selection center "Genetic Resources". With his direct participation, the best in Europe breeding and technological center in cattle breeding has been built and the selection work, of which is aimed at improving dairy and beef breeds of cattle, was organized.
From 2007 to 2011 he worked as a leading researcher at the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, and from 2014 to the present – a leading researcher at the Department of Cattle Breeding of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine.
Andriy Petrovich is a co-author of the first domestic specialized dairy – Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, its central, Carpathian intrabreed, Kyiv and Bukovyna factory types and 10th factory bloodlines.
Dairy productivity of cows of the active part of the population for 305 days of the last completed lactation in 2020 was 7174 kg, and in the 12 best herds – 10.0–12.0 thousand kg, which corresponds to the level of productivity of cows in the most developed countries. During the last 10, creative collective of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. М.V.Zubets of NAAS of Ukraine and specialists of breeding plants of experience economies of NAAS of Ukraine state plant "Khrystynivske", "Nyva", "Hontarivka, the own plant "Agroecologija", LTD plant "Krok-Ukrzalizbud", LTD plant "Kolos", "Bohdanivske", breeding enterprises LTD plant "The Genetic resources", LTD "The Ukrainian genetic company", JSC "Poltavaplemservis" and PSC SPC "Progress", under scientifically-methodical guidance of Andriy Petrovich works on the leadingout of new high-performance protein- fet- dairy Leader 1926780 bloodline in the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed, that now ratified Ministry development economy, trade, and agriculture (order № 2121 from 06.01.2021) as a breeding achievement in stock-breeding.
He has prepared a number of original works on biotechnology of cattle breeding: is a co-author of recommendations for breeding, use and evaluation of bulls in complexes, instructions for grading cattle of dairy and dairy-beef breeds, artificial insemination of farm animals, developed a two-stage method of sperm thawing, long-term storage of thawed bull semen and native boar semen at positive temperatures, using the method of hypobiosis, developed and implemented at the Institute of Fisher Economy of NAAS of Ukraine method of freezing fisher gamets.
A. P.Kruglyak's scientific achievements include more than 370 publications, including monographs, programs on breeding new breeds and types of cattle, reproduction of farm animals and preservation of the gene pool of breeds, sire catalogs, state books of breeding animals of cattle, articles in collections and periodicals, abstracts of reports, etc. Scientific achievements are protected by 17 copyright certificates and patents.
Andriy Petrovich is a co-executor of international projects on selection and reproduction of animals, which were carried out together with scientists and practitioners from Canada, the USA, Switzerland and Poland.A. P. Kruglyak has long been a member of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine and the Academic Council of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine, a member of the editorial board of the scientific collection "Animal Breeding and Genetics" (1991–2006).
Under the leadership of A. P. Kruglyak, 4 candidates of agricultural sciences, 16 graduates of the zootechnical faculty of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and more than 2,000 livestock specialists were trained. For the last 40 years he has been giving a course of lectures on selection and biotechnology of reproduction of farm animals at the School of Advanced Training of Livestock Specialists (t-n. Brovary).
In 1993, A. P. Kruglyak was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology for the development of methods and breeding of the Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy breed of cattle.
By the decision of the Presidium of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine A. P. Kruglyak was awarded a memorable anniversary medal "100 years of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine". The Presidium of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the staff of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets NAAS of Ukraine sincerely congratulate dear Andriy Petrovich and wish him good health, creative longevity and further success in the scientific field!
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Orellana, K. Samanta, Edward Gilbert, Lindsay Walker, Katelin Pearson, Laura Prado, Greg Post, Jenn Yost, and Nico Franz. "Taxonomic Curation in a Multi-taxa Symbiota Portal." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 6 (August 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.6.93671.
Full textAbstract:
Symbiota is an open-source software that allows the creation of online portals for accessing, managing, and mobilizing biodiversity data (Gries et al. 2014, Symbiota Support Hub 2021). Most of the portals are focused on communities with specific taxonomic interests, which often allows the construction of specialized taxonomic thesauri by portal managers (Gilbert et al. 2020, Pearson 2021a). A portal dedicated to the full range of collections in one country (Portal de Biodiversidad de Guatemala 2022) has represented an interesting challenge for taxonomic management. The Guatemala Biodiversity portal currently allows the digitization and active management of 29 natural history collections in this country, including collections of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, fungi, lichens, and fossils. Additionally, two institutional observation collections are live managed within the portal (Orellana et al. 2022). This brings up the need to have a suitable taxonomic thesaurus that serves all the collection managers involved. Similar to other Symbiota portals, the Guatemala Biodiversity portal facilitates the incorporation of external catalogs such as Catalog of Life (Bánki et al. 2022), and the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board 2022), resources which could easily constitute the base of the taxonomic thesaurus of the portal. However, due to the regional focus of this site, it is not ideal to add all the species available in these virtual catalogs. A partial solution has been importing snapshot collections with Guatemalan records from different Symbiota portals, or from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org 2022). This approach takes advantage of the specimens identified by specialists in different collections around the world, and the taxonomic cleaning tools available in Symbiota portals (Pearson 2021b) allow the curation of the scientific names. Nevertheless, these automated tools are often not enough to maintain the taxonomic thesaurus in understudied regions, such as Guatemala, and the manual curation of species names is still necessary. The curation of the taxonomic thesaurus in this portal is a work in progress, and we are achieving this with the creation of curated checklists within the portal (Orellana 2022, Pearson and Walker 2021), with the incorporation of names in published catalogs (Cano 2006, Cano and Schuster 2012, Camacho et al. 2022), and with the curation of the available names according to institutional catalogs (CECON 2022). Additional information about the conservation status of the species is being added to the taxon profile pages, attaching recent data provided by the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and publications by local researchers (IUCN 2021, Elías et al. 2022). The availability of a regional curated taxonomic thesaurus in the Guatemala Biodiversity portal is still limited and restricted to groups like vertebrates and certain groups of insects, yet this online resource is useful for researchers who are working in local collections or are compiling information to publish new catalogs and checklists for Guatemala. Continuing with the improvement of this taxonomic resource is necessary not only to advance the knowledge of the biodiversity of Guatemala but to aggregate this information into relevant global catalogs.
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King, Sally, Juliette Pinon, and Robyn Drinkwater. "Utilising the Crowd to Unlock the Data on Herbarium Specimens at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (June 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.37093.
Full textAbstract:
Digitisation of specimens at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) has created nearly half a million imaged specimens. With data entry from the specimen labels on herbarium sheets identified as the rate-limiting step in the digitisation workflow, the majority of specimens are databased with minimal data (filing name and geographical region), leaving a need to add further label data (collector, collecting locality, collection date etc.) to make the specimens research ready. We are exploring a number of different ways to complete data entry for specimens that have been imaged. These have included Optical Character Recognition (OCR), to identify meaningful specimen groupings to increase the speed of data entry and more recently citizen science platforms to provide accurate crowd-sourced transcriptions of specimen label data. We sent specimen images of the Australian flowering plants held at RBGE herbarium to DigiVol (https://volunteer.ala.org.au/institution/index/21309224), the citizen science platform developed alongside The Atlas of Living Australia. In 29 expeditions, 156 citizen scientists completed collection label data entry for RBGE’s 41,000 specimens of Australian flowering plants. We found that 95% of the transcriptions were completed by less than a third (27%) of the volunteers. Of the four volunteer experience levels in DigiVol we found that the middle two, Collection Managers and Scientists, transcribed fewer specimens, but also made fewer mistakes. We found that by removing the filing name from the information provided with the expedition the number of errors in the Museum Details section of the transcription decreased, as the filing name was often added as the label name, regardless of whether this is the case. The feedback we provided for each expedition was used to highlight common errors to try and reduce their occurrence as well as to inform the volunteers of what their transcriptions had revealed about this part of the collection. We explore the citizen science transcription workflow, its rate-limiting steps and how we have worked to include the citizen science and OCR data on our online herbarium catalogue.
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Kovtonyuk, Nataliya, Irina Han, and Evgeniya Gatilova. "Ferns at the digital herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS." Biodiversity Data Journal 9 (September 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/bdj.9.e72950.
Full textAbstract:
According to the data in Index Herbariorum as of 1 December 2020, there are 3426 active herbaria in the world, containing 396,204,891 specimens and 124 herbaria in Russia with more than 16,175,000 specimens. The Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS, Novosibirsk), founded in 1946, historically has two herbarium collections (NS and NSK). Currently these collections contain about 800,000 herbarium specimens comprising vascular plants, mosses, lichens and fungi gathered from all over the world. Digitisation of the NSK type specimens of vascular plants began in 2014 by using the special scanner Herbscan. In 2018, we started digitisation of the NS and NSK collections by using ObjectScan 1600. Pteridophytes (ferns, lycophytes and their extinct free-sporing relatives) are a diverse group of plants that today comprises approximately 12,900 species and plays a major role in terrestrial ecosystems. All herbarium specimens of ferns, collected over 170 years between 1851 and 2021 and stored in the NS and NSK collections, were digitised in 2021, placed at the CSBG SB RAS digital Herbarium (http://herb.csbg.nsc.ru:8081) and published through GBIF. Twenty families of Polypodiopsida, but not Equisetaceae, were included in this dataset. Family Ophioglossaceae was digitised and published in GBIF as a separate dataset. By August 2021, more than 62,600 specimens with good quality images and fully-captured label transcriptions had been placed at CSBG SB RAS Digital Herbarium. A total of 7,758 records of fern occurrences of 363 taxa in the world with 92% geolocations including 5100 records from Russia with 98.7% geolocations that are new for GBIF.org in 2021 were entered. In the dataset specimens from 43 countries of Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia (Oceania), 89% of them from Russia, are presented.
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Zhang, W., J. Z. Groenewald, L. Lombard, R. K. Schumacher, A. J. L. Phillips, and P. W. Crous. "Evaluating species in Botryosphaeriales." Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.03.
Full textAbstract:
The Botryosphaeriales (Dothideomycetes) includes numerous endophytic, saprobic, and plant pathogenic species associated with a wide range of symptoms, most commonly on woody plants. In a recent phylogenetic treatment of 499 isolates in the culture collection (CBS) of the Westerdijk Institute, we evaluated the families and genera accommodated in this order of important fungi. The present study presents multigene phylogenetic analyses for an additional 230 isolates, using ITS, tef1, tub2, LSU and rpb2 loci, in combination with morphological data. Based on these data, 58 species are reduced to synonymy, and eight novel species are described. They include Diplodia afrocarpi (Afrocarpus, South Africa), Dothiorella diospyricola (Diospyros, South Africa), Lasiodiplodia acaciae (Acacia, Indonesia), Neofusicoccum podocarpi (Podocarpus, South Africa), N. rapaneae (Rapanea, South Africa), Phaeobotryon ulmi (Ulmus, Germany), Saccharata grevilleae (Grevillea, Australia) and S. hakeiphila (Hakea, Australia). The results have clarified the identity of numerous isolates that lacked Latin binomials or had been deposited under incorrect names in the CBS collection in the past. They also provide a solid foundation for more in-depth future studies on taxa in the order. Sequences of the tef1, tub2 and rpb2 genes proved to be the most reliable markers. At the species level, results showed that the most informative genes were inconsistent, but that a combination of four candidate barcodes (ITS, tef1, tub2 and rpb2) provided reliable resolution. Furthermore, given the large number of additional isolates included in this study, and newly generated multigene DNA datasets, several species could also be reduced to synonymy. The study illustrates the value of reassessing the identity of older collections in culture collections utilising modern taxonomic frameworks and methods.
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Brownsey, Patrick J., Daniel J. Ohlsen, Lara D. Shepherd, Whitney L. M. Bouma, Erin L. May, Michael J. Bayly, and Leon R. Perrie. "A review of the fern genus Pellaea (Pteridaceae) in Australasia." Australian Systematic Botany, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb20006.
Full textAbstract:
Five indigenous species of Pellaea in Australasia belong to section Platyloma. Their taxonomic history is outlined, morphological, cytological and genetic evidence for their recognition reviewed, and new morphological and chloroplast DNA-sequence data provided. Australian plants of P. falcata (R.Br.) Fée are diploid and have longer, narrower pinnae than do New Zealand plants previously referred to P. falcata, which are tetraploid. Evidence indicates that P. falcata does not occur in New Zealand, and that collections so-named are P. rotundifolia (G.Forst.) Hook. Chloroplast DNA sequences are uninformative in distinguishing Australian P. falcata from New Zealand P. rotundifolia, but show that Australian P. nana is distinct from both. Sequence data also show that Australian and New Zealand populations of P. calidirupium Brownsey & Lovis are closely related, and that Australian P. paradoxa (R.Br.) Hook. is distinct from other Australian species. Although P. falcata is diploid and P. rotundifolia tetraploid, P. calidirupium, P. nana (Hook.) Bostock and P. paradoxa each contain multiple ploidy levels. Diploid populations of Pellaea species are confined to Australia, and only tetraploids are known in New Zealand. Evolution of the group probably involved hybridisation, autoploidy, alloploidy, and possibly apomixis. Further investigation is required to resolve the status of populations from Mount Maroon, Queensland and the Kermadec Islands.
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Dalziell, Emma L., Wolfgang Lewandrowski, Lucy E. Commander, Carole P. Elliott, Todd E. Erickson, Emily P. Tudor, Shane R. Turner, and David J. Merritt. "Invited Review: Seed traits inform the germination niche for biodiverse ecological restoration." Seed Science and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2022.50.1.s.06.
Full textAbstract:
Seeds are a primary source for generating plants for large-scale restoration and understanding the requirements for seed germination and establishment is fundamental to ecological restoration. Seed germination traits are central to defining the germination niche and identifying traits that may limit seedling establishment provides insights into how seeds may interact with the abiotic environment and the soil substrates specific to each restoration site and informs seed management practices. In this paper we review seed trait data derived from research to improve restoration practice across diverse ecosystems within Western Australia. We compile and evaluate seed trait data for up to 300 seed collections of 287 species that are used in restoration programmes to identify species, lifeform, and region-specific variation in seed dormancy, maximum germination, germination speed, base water potential, and germination niche breadth. Through a synthesis of this data, we outline our ecologically-guided approach to identifying key seed traits that support plant regeneration to improve the success of seed-based restoration across the biodiverse Western Australian landscape.
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PUSPITANINGTYAS, DWI MURTI. "Inventory and exploration of orchid in Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 7 (June 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200714.
Full textAbstract:
Sulawesi is the fourth largest island in Indonesia. Sulawesi is also a very unique island, possessing a very high biodiversity due to the location on the Wallacea area, and constituting mixing plants from Asia and Australia. An inventory and exploration of orchid in Polewali Mandar Regency was conducted from 25 May to 13 June 2014 to determine and assess the orchid diversity in the area. Orchid specimens were recorded and collected using a purposive random sampling method. A total of 60 accession numbers were collected in the study area. These collections represent 22 genera and 51 species, consists of 41 epiphyte orchids species and 10 terrestrial orchids species. Some species are wide distribute in Indonesia, few of them are only found in eastern part of Indonesia such as Wallacea region, and are even endemic to Sulawesi. Luisia celebica Schltr. and Micropera sterrophylla (Schltr.) Garay are noted as endemic orchid to Sulawesi. While Dendrobium bicaudatum Reinw. ex Lindl., Habenaria beccarii Schltr., Malaxis trigonopetala (J.J.Sm.) S.Thomas, Schuit. & de Vogel and Pinalia quinquangularis (J.J.Sm.) Ormerod are endemic to the Wallacea region mainly in Sulawesi and Moluccas. Among those orchids found in the study, Dendrobium clavator Ridl., Pinalia quinquangularis (J.J.Sm.) Ormerod, and Pinalia xanthocheila (Ridl.) W.Suarez & Cootes are noted as new records in Sulawesi. Many new records of orchids are still to be expected from Sulawesi.