Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plants canopies'
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Gebauer, Tobias. "Water turnover in species-rich and species-poor deciduous forests xylem sap flow and canopy transpiration /." Göttingen : Georg-August-Universität, 2010. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2010/gebauer/gebauer.pdf.
Full textPrice, David Thomas. "Some effects of variation in weather and soil water storage on canopy evapotranspiration and net photosynthesis of a young douglas-fir stand." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27511.
Full textForestry, Faculty of
Graduate
Zanelli, Carolina Brandão 1986. "Florística e fotossociologia da comunidade lenhosa no sub-bosque de um cerradão em Assis, SP." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315521.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A regeneração consiste no processo de reconstrução e reorganização da composição e estrutura de uma comunidade vegetal, e vem sendo bem estudada em florestas ombrofilas e estacionais sob a ótica da dinâmica de clareiras e da sucessão ecológica. No entanto, a regeneração de espécies lenhosas no cerrado ainda e pouco compreendida, e são poucos os estudos que avaliam conjuntamente o dossel e o sub-bosque em áreas de cerrado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a floristica e a fitossociologia da comunidade lenhosa do dossel e do sub-bosque de um cerradão em Assis, SP. O trabalho foi realizado na Estação Ecológica de Assis, em uma parcela permanente de 10,4 ha, parte do "Projeto Parcelas Permanentes" do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP. Essa parcela permanente e subdividida em 256 subparcelas contiguas de 20 m x 20 m, das quais 100 foram sorteadas para amostragem. Para avaliar o dossel, foram considerados os dados já coletados no Projeto Parcelas Permanentes, referentes aos indivíduos lenhosos com perímetro na altura do peito (PAP) ? 15 cm, para as 100 subparcelas sorteadas. Para analisar o sub-bosque, foi delimitado um setor de avaliação de 2 m x 2 m em cada subparcela sorteada, onde foram medidos e identificados todos os indivíduos de espécies lenhosas com altura > 20 cm e PAP < 15 cm. Todas as espécies do dossel e do sub-bosque foram classificadas de acordo com o habitat, com base em estudos regionais de fitossociologia, em categorias não excludentes: floresta (F), quando ha registro da espécie em formações florestais não pertencentes ao cerrado sensu lato; cerradão (C), quando ha registro da espécie em cerradão; e cerrado sensu lato (c), quando ha registro da espécie nas demais fisionomias de cerrado sensu lato. Alem disso, foram calculados os parâmetros fitossociologicos usuais para todas as espécies no dossel e no sub-bosque. Tanto o dossel quanto o sub-bosque do cerradão em Assis foram compostos por espécies intermediarias entre diferentes habitats, a maior parte (46% das espécies no dossel e 36% no sub-bosque) constituída de espécies de cerrado/cerradão, incluindo espécies de ampla distribuição no domínio (como Bowdichia virgilioides, Machaerium acutifolium, Plathymenia reticulata, Pouteria ramiflora, Qualea grandiflora, Roupala montana e Xylopia aromática) e comuns em cerrados da província Meridional (como Eriotheca gracilipes, Eugenia pluriflora, Gochnatia polymorpha, Machaerium brasiliense, Myrcia venulosa e Ocotea corymbosa). Regenerantes das espécies do dossel constituíram a maior parte do sub-bosque do cerradão, tanto em numero de espécies (81% do total, n=60) quanto em valor de importância (221 do total de 300). O cerradão apresentou um conjunto de espécies de sub-bosque composto por arvores de pequeno porte e arbustos heliofitos que também ocorrem nas fisionomias mais abertas de cerrado, incluindo: Lacistema hasslerianum, Miconia albicans, Miconia langsdorffii, Miconia stenostachya, Palicourea marcgravii, Piptocarpha rotundifolia, Psychotria hoffmannseggiana e Psychotria vellosiana. Esse resultado e consistente com as características estruturais do dossel do cerradão, que possibilitam maior entrada de luz ao sub-bosque; e contrasta com o relatado para outras fisionomias florestais, onde as espécies de sub-bosque são tipicamente tolerantes a sombra
Abstract: Regeneration consists on the process of reconstruction and reorganization of the structure and composition of a plant community, and has been intensively studied in ombrophilous and seasonal forests according to the paradigm of gap dynamics and ecological succession. However, regeneration of woody plant species in the cerrado is still poorly understood, and few studies evaluate both the overstory and the understory in cerrado areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the floristics and phytosociology of the woody community of the overstory and understory in a cerradao fragment at Assis, Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Field work was conducted at Assis Ecological Station, in a 10,4 ha permanent plot, part of the Permanent Plots Project from the BIOTA/FAPESP Program. This plot is divided in 256 contiguous subplots of 20 m x 20 m, of which 100 subplots were randomly selected and analyzed. To study the overstory, we used data collected at the Permanent Plots Project, regarding all woody individuals with perimeter at breast height (PBH) ? 15 cm, for these 100 subplots. To study of the understory, we delimited a sector of 2 m x 2 m within each selected subplot, in which all woody individuals with height > 20 cm and PBH < 15 cm were measured and identified. All overstory and understory species were categorized according to their habitat, based in regional phytosociological studies, into non excluding groups: forest (F), when there is record of the species in forest formations that do not belong to cerrado sensu lato; cerradao (C), when there is record of the species in cerradao; and cerrado sensu lato (c), when there is record of the species in the remaining cerrado sensu lato physiognomies. We also calculated the usual phytosociological parameters for all overstory and understory species. Both the overstory and the understory in the study site were composed of species of intermediate distribution between habitats, the majority (46% of overstory species and 36% of understory species) occurring in cerrado/cerradão, including widely distributed Cerrado species (such as Bowdichia virgilioides, Machaerium acutifolium, Plathymenia reticulata, Pouteria ramiflora, Qualea grandiflora, Roupala montana e Xylopia aromatica) and common southern Cerrado species (such as Eriotheca gracilipes, Eugenia pluriflora, Gochnatia polymorpha, Machaerium brasiliense, Myrcia venulosa e Ocotea corymbosa). Regenerating individuals belonging to overstory species accounted for most of the cerradão understory, both in number of species (81%, n=60) and importance value (221 of the total of 300). At the cerradão, we observed a group of understory species composed of heliophyte and small sized trees and shrubs that also occur in the open cerrado physiognomies, such as: Lacistema hasslerianum, Miconia albicans, Miconia langsdorffii, Miconia stenostachya, Palicourea marcgravii, Piptocarpha rotundifolia, Psychotria hoffmannseggiana e Psychotria vellosiana. This result is consistent with the structural characteristics of the cerradão overstory, which enable light penetration to the understory; and differs from data reported in other forest formations, where understory species are typically shade tolerant
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
Pinard, Denis Joseph Jean-Paul. "Numerical simulation of wind in plant canopies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60486.pdf.
Full textBurgess, Alexandra Jacquelyn. "The variable light environment within complex 3D canopies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38967/.
Full textZoecklein, Bruce. "Effect of canopy manipulation on rot incidence and rot metabolites of White Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040443/.
Full textJack, Steven B. "Forest Canopies: Form and Functional Relationships." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6484.
Full textKey, Thomas Lee. "An evaluation of the relative value of spectral and phenological information for tree crown classification of digital images in the eastern deciduous forest /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=107.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 51 p. : col. ill., col. map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34).
Zoecklein, Bruce W. "Effect of canopy manipulation on rot incidence and rot metabolites of White Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43505.
Full textKhdair, Adnan Ibraheem. "Effects of air jets on deposition of charged spray in plant canopies." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1298903382.
Full textFurfaro, Roberto. "Radiative transport in plant canopies: Forward and inverse problem for UAV applications." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280700.
Full textAffeld, Kathrin. "Spatial complexity and microclimatic responses of epiphyte communities and their invertebrate fauna in the canopy of northern rata (Metrosideros robusta A. Cunn.: Myrtaceae) on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/771.
Full textCopeland, Nichola. "Fluxes and mixing ratios of biogenic volatile organic compounds in temperate plant canopies." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8003.
Full textStyles, Julie M. "A wind tunnel study of the velocity field above a model plant canopy." [Canberra] : CSIRO Land and Water, 1997. http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-13482.
Full textTitle from title screen (viewed on May 20, 2002). "A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Honours)"--Title screen. Bibliography: p. 64-66. Available full text via the internet.
Tanino, Yukie 1980. "Flow and solute transport in random cylinder arrays : a model for emergent aquatic plant canopies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46787.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-166).
With wetlands constituting about 6% of earth's land surface, aquatic vegetation plays a significant role in defining mean flow patterns and in the transport of dissolved and particulate material in the environment. However, the dependence of the hydrodynamic and transport processes on fundamental properties of an aquatic plant canopy has not been investigated systematically over the wide range of conditions that are observed in the field. A laboratory investigation was conducted to describe flow and solute transport in idealized emergent plant canopies. This thesis presents laboratory measurements of the mean drag, turbulence structure and intensity, and lateral dispersion of passive solute in arrays of randomly-distributed cylinders, a model for emergent, rigid aquatic plants. Mean drag per cylinder length normalized by the mean interstitial fluid velocity and viscosity increases linearly with cylinder Reynolds number. In contrast to the dependence previously reported for sparse arrays at Reynolds numbers greater than 1000, the drag coefficient increases with increasing cylinder density in intermediate and high cylinder densities. In dense arrays, turbulent eddies are constrained by the interstitial pore size such that the integral length scale is equal to the mean surface-to-surface distance between a cylinder in the array and its nearest neighbor. The classic scale model for mean turbulence intensity, which is a function of the inertial contribution to the drag coefficient, the solid volume fraction, and the integral length scale of turbulence normalized by d, is then confirmed with our laboratory measurements. Our laboratory experiments demonstrate that Kyy/ (d), the asymptotic (Fickian) lateral dispersion coefficient normalized by the mean interstitial fluid velocity and d, is independent of Reynolds number at sufficiently high Reynolds number.
(cont.) Although previous models predict that asymptotic lateral dispersion increases monotonically with cylinder density, laboratory measurements reveal that lateral dispersion at high Reynolds number exhibits three distinct regimes. In particular, an intermediate regime in which Kyy/ (d) decreases with increasing cylinder density is observed. A scale model for turbulent diffusion is developed with the assumption that only turbulent eddies with integral length scale greater than d contribute significantly to net lateral dispersion. The observed dependence of asymptotic dispersion on cylinder density is accurately described by a linear superposition of this turbulent diffusion model and existing models for dispersion due to the spatially-heterogeneous velocity field that arises from the presence of the cylinders. Finally, laboratory measurements support the conjecture that Kyy/ (d) is not strongly dependent on Reynolds number in dense arrays at any Red. However, the distance required to achieve asymptotic dispersion is shown to depend strongly on the Reynolds number.
by Yukie Tanino.
Ph.D.
Chen, Zhengxiao. "Microwave remote sensing of vegetation : Stochastic Lindenmayer systems, collective scattering effects, and neural network inversions /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5854.
Full textStrydom, Janéne. "Canopy manipulation practices for optimum colour of redglobe (V.Vinifera L.) /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1228.
Full textBohlman, Stephanie Ann. "The relationship between canopy structure, light dynamics and deciduousness in a seasonal tropical forest in Panama : a multiple scale study using remote sensing and allometry /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5509.
Full textStorck, Pascal. "Trees, snow, and flooding : an investigation of forest canopy effects on snow accumulation and melt at the plot and watershed scales in the Pacific Northwest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10103.
Full textIshii, Hiroaki. "A canopy perspective of community dynamics of an old-growth Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5573.
Full textMeek, David B. "The Relationship Between Leaf Area Index and Photosynthetic Temperature Response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Canopies." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6764.
Full textCampbell, Richard J. "Canopy light environment influences apple leaf physiology and fruit quality." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39857.
Full textPh. D.
Kershaw, John A. "Crown structure and stem form development in young stands of western hemlock /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5523.
Full textBalduzzi, Mathilde. "Plant canopy modeling from Terrestrial LiDAR System distance and intensity data." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20203.
Full textThe challenge of this thesis is reconstruct the 3D geometry of vegetation from distance and intensity data provided by a 3D scanner LiDAR. A method of “Shape-From-Shading” by propagation is developed to be combined with a fusion method of type “Kalman” to get an optimal reconstruction of the leaves. -Introduction-The LiDAR data analysis shows that the point cloud quality is variable. This quality depends upon the measurement set up. When the LiDAR laser beam reaches the edge of a surface (or a steeply inclined surface), it also integrate background measurement. Those set up produce outliers. This kind of set up is common for foliage measurement as foliages have in general fragmented and complex shape. LiDAR data are of bad quality and the quantity of leaves in a scan makes the correction of outliers fastidious. This thesis goal is to develop a methodology to allow us to integrate the LiDAR intensity data to the distance to make an automatic correction of those outliers. -Shape-from-shading-The Shape-from-shading principle is to reconstruct the distance values from intensities of a photographed object. The camera (LiDAR sensor) and the light source (LiDAR laser) have the same direction and are placed at infinity relatively to the surface. This makes the distance effect on intensity negligible and the hypothesis of an orthographic camera valid. In addition, the relationship between the incident angle light beam and intensity is known. Thanks to the LiDAR data analysis, we are able to choose the best data between distance and intensity in the scope of leaves reconstruction. An algorithm of propagation SFS along iso-intense regions is developed. This type of algorithm allows us to integrate a fusion method of type Kalman. -Mathematical design of the method-The patches of the surface corresponding to the iso-intense regions are patches of surfaces called the constant slope surfaces, or sand-pile surfaces. We are going to use those surfaces to rebuild the 3D geometry corresponding to the scanned surfaces. We show that from the knowledge of the 3d of an iso-intensity region, we can construct those sand-pile surfaces. The initialization of the first iso-intense regions contour (propagation seeds) is done with the 3D LiDAR data. The greatest slope lines of those surfaces are generated. Thanks to the propagation of those lines (and thus of the corresponding sand-pile surface), we build the other contour of the iso-intense region. Then, we propagate the reconstruction iteratively. -Kalman filter-We can consider this propagation as being the computation of a trajectory on the reconstructed surface. In our study framework, the distance data is always available (3D scanner data). It is thus possible to choose which data (intensity vs distance) is the best to reconstruct the object surface. This can be done with a fusion of type Kalman filter. -Algorithm-To proceed a reconstruction by propagation, it is necessary to order the iso-intensity regions. Once the propagation seeds are found, they are initialized with the distances provided by the LiDAR. For each nodes of the hierarchy (corresponding to an iso-intensity region), the sand-pile surface reconstruction is done. -Manuscript-The thesis manuscript gathers five chapters. First, we give a short description of the LiDAR technology and an overview of the traditional 3D surface reconstruction from point cloud. Then we make a state-of-art of the shape-from –shading methods. LiDAR intensity is studied in a third chapter to define the strategy of distance effect correction and to set up the incidence angle vs intensity relationship. A fourth chapter gives the principal results of this thesis. It gathers the theoretical approach of the SFS algorithm developed in this thesis. We will provide its description and results when applied to synthetic images. Finally, a last chapter introduces results of leaves reconstruction
Figliolia, Marcia Balistiero [UNESP]. "Ecologia da germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plantas de Platymiscium floribundum Vog. (Sacambu) - Fabaceae em viveiro e sob dossel de floresta ombrófila densa, São Paulo, SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100674.
Full textO objetivo geral da pesquisa foi estudar aspectos da germinação de sementes de Platymiscium floribundum Vog. em laboratório e viveiro e desenvolvimento das mudas em condições de viveiro e natural sob o dossel, com vistas a estabelecer indicadores biológicos quanto à fisiologia e ecologia da germinação e desenvolvimento das plantas para subsidiar projetos de conservação, de manejo e de revegetação de áreas alteradas ou desprotegidas. Tendo como enfoque o estudo das temperaturas cardeais de germinação das sementes e o estabelecimento de padrões tecnológicos de análise foram testadas, em condições controladas de laboratório, temperaturas no intervalo de 10 a 40ºC, com presença contínua e ausência total de luz branca. Verificou-se que a faixa limite de germinação está entre 10 e 12,5 e 37,5 e 40ºC; a 10ºC iniciou-se somente a protrusão radicular, sem emissão da raiz primária e, a 40ºC, houve morte total das sementes. A faixa ótima de temperatura para a germinação, na presença contínua de luz, está entre 15 a 25ºC, com maiores índices de velocidades de germinação a 20 e 25ºC. Para o estudo ecofisiológico foram testadas as interações entre diferentes regimes de temperatura, quantidades de água e luz. As temperaturas onde a germinação das sementes se mostrou superior foram 25, 20 e 15ºC. Os resultados de germinação com as quantidades de água do ii substrato de 30 e 60mL foram superiores à de 90mL. Os percentuais de germinação foram inferiores à medida que se associaram elevadas quantidades de água e temperatura. As sementes da espécie apresentaram insensibilidade à luz, germinando tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz, não apresentando variação significativa entre os espectros de luz testados. Os resultados indicam que P. floribundum apresenta plasticidade...
The purpose of the present work was the study of germination under laboratory and nursery conditions and seedling development under nursery and field conditions for getting biological indicators of ecophysiology of germination and establishment of Platymiscium floribundum Vog for conservation, management and reforestation projects. Determination of cardinal, and optimum temperatures was done by isothermic incubations in the range of 10 to 40°C, under continuous white light and darkness. The minimum temperature was 12.5°C and the maximum 37.5°C. At 10°C, only radicle protrusion was observed and at 40°C the seeds have died. The optimum temperature range from 15 to 25°C with highest germination rate at 20 to 25°C. For ecophysiological study, different temperatures were tested under different conditions of substrate humidity and light. The germination under low humidity (30mL) and moderate humidity (60mL) of the substrate was higher than high humidity (90mL). Seeds of P. floribundum were light insensitive. The seedling emergence capacity under nursery conditions were high under both natural light (NL) and far red light (FR) in all tested shading percentage (10, 18, 30, 50 and 80 shading), with high seedling survival under 30 and 80% shading NL and 18, 30 and 50% shading FR. Seedling development was high under FR at 18, 30 and 50% and in stem diameter at all WL treatments. Plants accumulated more root and aerial dry matter under NL. By aerial to root dry matter ratio, highest aerial development was observed under 0, 30, 18 and 80% shading WL and 18 and 80% shading FR. Analysis of seedling development was carried out under natural conditions under two shading intensities under canopy at Serra da Cantareira, São Paulo... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Gräfe, Jan. "Prediction of aerodynamic parameters of plant canopies and of soil heating in ridges covered with plastic mulch as contributions to SVAT modelling." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982159277.
Full textBerry, Stephanie C. Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "The influence of vegetation and soil carbon dioxide exchange on the concentration and isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide within plant canopies." Ottawa, 1994.
Find full textGräfe, Jan. "Prediction of aerodynamic parameters of plant canopies and of soil heating in ridges covered with plastic mulch as contributions to SVAT modelling." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15553.
Full textImplementation and application of Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transport Models (SVAT) in agriculture require knowledge of aerodynamic properties of the exchanging surface. These are the zero plane displacement d, the roughness length for momentum z0, and additional parameters describing the roughness layer just above the canopy as the height of the roughness layer for momentum and scalars (Zm*, Zs*), and parameters of the modified diffusivity profile functions. Several data summaries from the literature on aerodynamic properties over a broad range of plant canopies are used to develop and test predictive models for a number of needed aerodynamic parameters. A new model for d is presented as a function of canopy height hc and Plant Area Index PAI. A semi-empirical equation for the canopy length scale Ls is derived from hc, PAI, fractional crown height, and inter-element spacing of roughness elements. Having estimates of d, Ls, Zm* and other inputs one can derive predictive equations for z0. Closed form analytical expressions are given for the friction velocity, the horizontal wind speed profile and the aerodynamic resistance, which account for both stability and roughness layer effects. An energy balance model for a two-dimensional ridge surface partly covered by a plastic mulch is presented. Previous approaches are modified and extended to include (1) the circumsolar part of diffuse radiation and (2) the altered interception of diffuse short- and long-wave radiation due to horizon obstructions and surface slope and (3) the directional dependence of transmissivity and reflectivity of plastic mulches. Only three parameters had to be estimated from data taken over one month at one site. Overall, simulated data fitted with the whole data set on soil temperatures, with root mean square errors of 1.5 K and 1.9 K for both sites, respectively. Test simulations established that for opaque plastics, detailed analysis of directional radiative properties is not necessary, and for transparent plastics, rather simpler approaches are sufficient. Only a few inputs have to be provided to apply the model: the soil humus content and texture, the shape of the ridge, and the transmissivities and reflectivities of the used plastic mulches in the short-wave and long-wave range.
Figliolia, Marcia Balistiero. "Ecologia da germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento de plantas de Platymiscium floribundum Vog. (Sacambu) - Fabaceae em viveiro e sob dossel de floresta ombrófila densa, São Paulo, SP /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100674.
Full textResumo: O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi estudar aspectos da germinação de sementes de Platymiscium floribundum Vog. em laboratório e viveiro e desenvolvimento das mudas em condições de viveiro e natural sob o dossel, com vistas a estabelecer indicadores biológicos quanto à fisiologia e ecologia da germinação e desenvolvimento das plantas para subsidiar projetos de conservação, de manejo e de revegetação de áreas alteradas ou desprotegidas. Tendo como enfoque o estudo das temperaturas cardeais de germinação das sementes e o estabelecimento de padrões tecnológicos de análise foram testadas, em condições controladas de laboratório, temperaturas no intervalo de 10 a 40ºC, com presença contínua e ausência total de luz branca. Verificou-se que a faixa limite de germinação está entre 10 e 12,5 e 37,5 e 40ºC; a 10ºC iniciou-se somente a protrusão radicular, sem emissão da raiz primária e, a 40ºC, houve morte total das sementes. A faixa ótima de temperatura para a germinação, na presença contínua de luz, está entre 15 a 25ºC, com maiores índices de velocidades de germinação a 20 e 25ºC. Para o estudo ecofisiológico foram testadas as interações entre diferentes regimes de temperatura, quantidades de água e luz. As temperaturas onde a germinação das sementes se mostrou superior foram 25, 20 e 15ºC. Os resultados de germinação com as quantidades de água do ii substrato de 30 e 60mL foram superiores à de 90mL. Os percentuais de germinação foram inferiores à medida que se associaram elevadas quantidades de água e temperatura. As sementes da espécie apresentaram insensibilidade à luz, germinando tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz, não apresentando variação significativa entre os espectros de luz testados. Os resultados indicam que P. floribundum apresenta plasticidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of the present work was the study of germination under laboratory and nursery conditions and seedling development under nursery and field conditions for getting biological indicators of ecophysiology of germination and establishment of Platymiscium floribundum Vog for conservation, management and reforestation projects. Determination of cardinal, and optimum temperatures was done by isothermic incubations in the range of 10 to 40°C, under continuous white light and darkness. The minimum temperature was 12.5°C and the maximum 37.5°C. At 10°C, only radicle protrusion was observed and at 40°C the seeds have died. The optimum temperature range from 15 to 25°C with highest germination rate at 20 to 25°C. For ecophysiological study, different temperatures were tested under different conditions of substrate humidity and light. The germination under low humidity (30mL) and moderate humidity (60mL) of the substrate was higher than high humidity (90mL). Seeds of P. floribundum were light insensitive. The seedling emergence capacity under nursery conditions were high under both natural light (NL) and far red light (FR) in all tested shading percentage (10, 18, 30, 50 and 80 shading), with high seedling survival under 30 and 80% shading NL and 18, 30 and 50% shading FR. Seedling development was high under FR at 18, 30 and 50% and in stem diameter at all WL treatments. Plants accumulated more root and aerial dry matter under NL. By aerial to root dry matter ratio, highest aerial development was observed under 0, 30, 18 and 80% shading WL and 18 and 80% shading FR. Analysis of seedling development was carried out under natural conditions under two shading intensities under canopy at Serra da Cantareira, São Paulo... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Doutor
Suhayda, Brett. "The effect of sanding and pruning on yield and canopy microclimate in 'Stevens' cranberry." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/162/.
Full textProsperi, Juliana. "Biologie du développement des hémi-épiphytes ligneux." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20240.
Full textStephan, Jean. "Architecture 3D et microclimat lumineux de l'arbre." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21754.
Full textGerber, Fanny. "Estimation du contenu en eau de la végétation par télédétection hyperspectrale dans le infrarouge." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GLOB0006.
Full textFort, Tania. "Functions, transmission and emission of the canopy microbiota." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0338.
Full textTrees interact with diverse microbial communities that influence their fitness and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Unlike microorganisms associated with roots and soil, microorganisms that colonize the forest canopy are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis is to better understand the functions of microorganisms associated with the aerial parts of trees (leaves, stems, seeds) as well as their vertical (from the plant to its offspring) and horizontal (emission from the plant to the atmosphere) transmission dynamics, by combining molecular ecology and plant ecophysiology analyses. The first chapter [P1] shows a vertical stratification of fungal and foliar bacterial communities within the beech canopy (Fagus sylvatica). This stratification is more pronounced for epiphytic microorganisms than for endophytes. It also decreases during the growing season in bacteria and appears to be related to morphology rather than foliar physiology. Vertical stratification of microbial functions is being analyzed. The second chapter [P2] highlights the presence of fungi in the internal tissues of the acorns of sessile oak (Quercus petraea), including the embryo, suggesting that the microbiota can be transmitted vertically from the mother tree to its offsprings and influence forest regeneration. Acorns contain in particular several fungal pathogens, in association with their mycoparasites. These fungal communities vary significantly depending on the mother tree and the oak population. Finally, the third chapter [P3] tests a prototype for measuring bacterial emission fluxes over plant cover. It shows that half of the species captured in the atmosphere are present on the leaf surface and suggests that the composition of bioaerosols is strongly influenced by the locally dominant cultivated plant, the grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Complementary measures, including a wider range of forest and non-forestry habitats, will have to be carried out to better understand the origin of emissions, which are known to influence the water cycle. This thesis therefore provides elements for modelling the dynamics and evolution of the tree-microbiota-atmosphere system, which will need to be strengthened and integrated into knowledge of the soil system in order to respond to the challenges raised by climate change
Yetzer, Kenneth H. "Modeling the interaction between Plant Canopies and the Planetary Boundary Layer using a new 1D Multi-Layer Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) Scheme combined with a Non-Local Turbulence Closure Model /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148819327206972.
Full textBixby, Mitchell. "Interception in Open-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Urban Canopy." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/37.
Full textGavinet, Jordane. "Installation d'espèces feuillues en forêt de pins d'Alep : interactions avec les strates arborées et arbustives." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4371.
Full textSeedling establishment is a critical demographic phase, strongly influenced by plant-plant interactions. This thesis shows that the effect of Aleppo pine and shrubs on broadleaved seedling establishment depends on vegetation cover density, target and nurse species strategies and local conditions. A dense vegetation cover strongly limits seedling establishment by light and water competition, seedlings water stress being worsened by a low biomass allocation to roots. At the other extreme, in the open, photoinhibition and competition with grasses can limit seedling establishment. Sclerophyllous species are poorly sensitive to high temperature, irradiance and evaporative demand and can take advantage of favorable conditions at any time of the year by polycyclism in the open: interactions with pine are thus mostly competitive. In contrast, deciduous species with high SLA are more sensitive to photo-inhibition and benefit from the protection of a moderate cover, under which they are able to grow faster. In a nursery experiment, pine and shrub litters modified soil chemical and microbiological properties but without feedback on oak seedlings, indicating a poor allelopathic effect. Pine thinning is a strategy to enhance broadleaved seedling establishment and increase Mediterranean forest diversity and fire-resilience. However, the optimum thinning intensity seems to decrease in harsher climatic or edaphic conditions and for deciduous species
Strydom, Janene. "Canopy manipulation practices for optimum colour of redglobe (V.Vinifera L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2784.
Full textUnder certain South African conditions, Redglobe develops a colour that is too dark and thus unacceptable for the Far Eastern markets. These markets require a pink colour instead of a dark red colour. The cultivation of grapes with an acceptable colour involves amongst other, canopy management practices. This generally includes the removal of leaves and/or lateral shoots. Hereby, the leaf area and the microclimatic conditions in the canopy are altered. The aim of this study was to test the usefulness of leaf and lateral shoot removal at different defoliation times after anthesis in order to obtain a pink coloured Redglobe crop. Other quality aspects, namely total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), berry mass and total yield, were also evaluated. A canopy management trial was conducted on six year old Redglobe vines with moderate vigour. The treatment design was a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial and involved two leaf removal (L) levels (L0 = 0% leaf removal; L33 = 33% leaf removal) in combination with three lateral shoot removal (LS) levels (LS0 = 0 % lateral shoot removal; LS50 = 50% lateral shoot removal; LS100 = 100% lateral shoot removal). Four defoliation times (DT) were selected: 36 (pea berry size), 69 (véraison), 76 (one week after véraison) and 83 (two weeks after véraison) days after anthesis (DAA). A total of 24 treatment combinations, replicated in four blocks, were applied. Generally, treatment combinations involving 33% leaf removal lowered the main shoot leaf area. Likewise, the lateral shoot leaf area was decreased by increasing levels of lateral shoot removal at any defoliation time. As expected, 33% leaf removal applied in combination with any level of lateral shoot removal, always resulted in a lower total vine leaf area compared to where 0% leaf removal was part of the treatment combination. Compensation reactions occurred and in this regard the main shoot leaf size increased due to 33% leaf removal applied at 1 week after véraison and 2 weeks after véraison. Treatment combinations involving lateral shoot removal increased the ratio of main shoot leaf area to the total leaf area. On the other hand, the main shoot leaf area percentage was lowered by the application of 33% leaf removal at 2 weeks after véraison compared to no leaf removal at the same defoliation time. It can therefore be assumed that the contribution of lateral shoot leaves to grape composition might have increased in cases where the main shoot leaf area was lowered at a later stage (e.g. 2 weeks after véraison). The bunches were visually evaluated and divided into classes from dark (class one) to light (class nine). This visual bunch evaluation showed that the mean bunch colour was in class three (lighter than class two) due to the defoliation time. The lateral shoot removal x leaf removal interaction resulted in a mean bunch colour that was in classes 2 and 3. However, within these classes, there was a tendency that bunch colour decreased for defoliation times later than pea berry size. The lateral shoot removal x leaf removal interactions showed that bunch colour was darker when the treatment combinations involved 0% leaf removal. The percentage of bunches with the desired colour was increased by application of the treatments at véraison, compared to the other defoliation times, and also with 50% lateral shoot removal and 100% lateral shoot removal compared to 0% lateral shoot removal. Biochemical analyses confirmed that increased levels of lateral shoot removal generally lowered the anthocyanin concentration regardless of defoliation time. A similar effect on TSS was observed, i.e. from véraison onwards, the application of 50% lateral shoot removal and 100% lateral shoot removal tended to lower TSS. The effect of these levels of lateral shoot removal at véraison was significant. The role of the lateral shoots in colour development and sugar accumulation is therefore emphasized. Furthermore, the special role that lateral shoots also play in berry development is illustrated in that berry mass tended to decrease when 100% lateral shoot removal in combination with 33% leaf removal and 100% lateral shoot removal in combination with 0% leaf removal were applied at véraison. This, together with the positive relationship obtained between grape colour and the lateral shoot leaf area:fruit mass ratio, accentuates the role of active leaf area during the ripening period. The possible effect of the microclimatic light environment on colour must also be considered. However, although the light intensity increased with increased levels of LS, the colour that was obtained was probably not associated with the differences in light intensity. It was found that it is possible to manipulate the colour of Redglobe grapes with defoliation treatments. However, the treatments that have a decreasing effect on grape colour also affected other quality parameters like TSS and berry size negatively. Although, it is possible to reduce the colour of Redglobe through the application of leaf and lateral shoot removal at different defoliation times, the question arises whether the treatment combinations used in this study are worthwhile to pursue because the mean bunch colour that was obtained was still too dark. However, it was possible to increase the percentage of bunches with the desired colour. Therefore, if such treatments are applied, it must be approached cautiously, keeping in mind that assimilate supply has to be sustained throughout the ripening period.
Monnier, Yogan. "Stratégies d'acclimatation à l'ombre et rôle des interactions plantes-plantes dans la dynamique pin-chêne en milieu méditerranéen." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10045.
Full textDuring this work we studied the Mediterranean forest dynamic through a functional approach. Our main goal consisted to know how functional responses to light availability and biotic interactions determine the regeneration of three main species involved in this dynamic : Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens.A nursery experiment was set up to determine specific shade acclimatation strategies of the Aleppo pine and the Downy oak, functional tradeoffs and nutritional and ontogenetic limits of these stratgies, and the competitive and allélopathic impact on the shade induced response.Then a field experiment was set up to make a light gradient in an Aleppo pins pinewood in order to know the main positive and negative canopy effects on abiotic factors and oak seedlings development at different scales of time. Results showed that Aleppo pine exhibits a shade avoiding strategy through a strong plastic response involving functional tradeoffs, high nutritional costs, and time-limited expression. This strategy is considered as maladaptive in case of regeneration under unovercome forest canopy. Reversly, the downy oak shows a more conservative strategy through a limited plastic response to shade but a strong vulnerability to plant-plant interactions. In field conditions, Quercus pubescens and Quercus ilex seedlings showed different responses to the canopy cover, with a fewer shade tolerance in Quercus pubescens. This work help to highlight relationships between functional limits of phenotypic plasticity, shade tolerance, and regenerative success in Aleppo pine understory
Nazrala, Jorge José Bautista. "Influencia de las coberturas vegetales en el microclima de la canopia de la vid y en las características de la uva y el vino." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (Montpellier, Francia), 2004. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/1115.
Full textBonal, Damien. "Variabilité interspécifique de l'efficience d'utilisation de l'eau en forêt tropicale humide guyanaise : groupes fonctionnels, interprétation écophysiologique, intégration à l'échelle du couvert." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0006_BONAL.pdf.
Full textPloton, Pierre. "Amélioration des estimations de biomasse en forêt tropicale : apport de la structure et de l’organisation spatiale des arbres de canopée." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AGPT0005.
Full textTropical forests store more than half of the world’s forest carbon and are particularly threatened by deforestation and degradation processes, which together represent the second largest source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Consequently, tropical forests are the focus of international climate policies (i.e. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, REDD) aiming at reducing forestrelated CO2 emissions. The REDD initiative lies on our ability to map forest carbon stocks (i.e. spatial dynamics) and to detect deforestation and degradations (i.e. temporal dynamics) at large spatial scales (e.g. national, forested basin), with accuracy and precision. Remote-sensing is as a key tool for this purpose, but numerous sources of error along the carbon mapping chain makes meeting REDD criteria an outstanding challenge. In the present thesis, we assessed carbon (quantified through aboveground biomass, AGB) estimation error at the tree- and plot-level using a widely used pantropical AGB model, and at the landscape-level using a remote sensing method based on canopy texture features from very high resolution (VHR) optical data. Our objective was to better understand and reduce AGB estimation error at each level using information on large canopy tree structure, distribution and spatial organization.Although large trees disproportionally contributed to forest carbon stock, they are under-represented in destructive datasets and subject to an under-estimation bias with the pantropical AGB model. We destructively sampled 77 very large tropical trees and assembled a large (pantropical) dataset to study how variation in tree form (through crown sizes and crown mass ratio) contributed to this error pattern. We showed that the source of bias in the pantropical model was a systematic increase in the proportion of tree mass allocated to the crown in canopy trees. An alternative AGB model accounting for this phenomenon was proposed. We also propagated the AGB model bias at the plot-level and showed that the interaction between forest structure and model bias, although often overlooked, might in fact be substantial. We further analyzed the structural properties of crown branching networks in light of the assumptions and predictions of the Metabolic Theory of Ecology, which supports the power-form of the pantropical AGB model. Important deviations were observed, notably from Leonardo’s rule (i.e. the principle of area conservation), which, all else being equal, could support the higher proportion of mass in large tree crowns.A second part of the thesis dealt with the extrapolation of field-plot AGB via canopy texture features of VHR optical data. A major barrier for the development of a broad-scale forest carbon monitoring method based on canopy texture is that relationships between canopy texture and stand structure parameters (including AGB) vary among forest types and regions of the world. We investigated this discrepancy using a simulation approach: virtual canopy scenes were generated for 279 1-ha plots distributed on contrasted forest types across the tropics. We showed that complementing FOTO texture with additional descriptors of forest structure, notably on canopy openness (from a lacunarity analysis) and tree slenderness (from a bioclimatic proxy) allows developing a stable inversion frame for forest AGB at large scale. Although the approach we proposed requires further empirical validation, a first case study on a forests mosaic in the Congo basin gave promising results.Overall, this work increased our understanding of mechanisms behind AGB estimation errors at the tree-, plot- and landscape-level. It stresses the need to better account for variation patterns in tree structure (e.g. ontogenetic pattern of carbon allocation) and forest structural organization (across forest types, under different environmental conditions) to improve general AGB models, and in fine our ability to accurately map forest AGB at large scale
Caillon, Robin. "Biogéographie du microclimat foliaire : mécanismes et conséquences sur les relations plantes-insectes." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR4006/document.
Full textPlant performance and leaf-dwelling arthropods are impacted by leaf surface temperatures. Leaf surface temperatures can show important deviation from air temperature and present different levels of heterogeneity depending on the spatial scale. The leaf buffers temperature extremes by getting closer in amplitude to air temperature. However, this physiological response decreases the heterogeneity of temperatures at the leaf surface and the opportunities for arthropods to behavioraly thermoregulate in this microclimate. Mean temperatures at the leaf surface show low buffering abilities in response to warming and locally determine photosynthetic performance. From the leaf to the canopy scale, plants show different responses to warming and scaling is crucial to increase our understanding of the impact of global warming
Levionnois, Sébastien. "Diversité et variabilité de l’architecture vasculaire et hydraulique de la pousse feuillée chez des arbres de canopée d’une forêt tropicale humide Scaling of petiole anatomies, mechanics, and vasculatures with leaf size in the widespread Neotropical pioneer tree species Cecropia obtusa Trécul (Urticaceae) Linking drought-induced embolism resistance in stem xylem tissue to multi-scale wood anatomical traits of Neotropical trees." Thesis, Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0011.
Full textHydraulic traits are related to the fundamental functions of conduction and drought resistance, driving plant ecology, evolution, and processes related to climate change. However, these traits are still poorly documented for tropical rainforest, hindering our understanding of tropical tree ecology and the future of tropical forests. Through a trait-based approach combining leaf and stem in-depth anatomy and physiology, this thesis analyses the structure and the functioning of tree leafy shoots, a compartment exposed to the most severe water stress within a tree. This thesis is based on a dataset of 42 canopy tree species sampled in a rainforest in French Guiana, exemplifying a large range of leaf size. A second dataset, aiming at better understanding the sources of intraspecific variability, focus on the pioneer tree species Cecropia obtusa Trécul (Urticaceae). The first part aims at understanding the coordination between leaf and stem across a large leaf size range, by analysing the morpho-anatomical and functional changes underlying the leaf size-stem size relationship for 42 tropical rainforest canopy trees. This framework is also applied at the intraspecific level for the model C. obtusa, for the petiole-lamina relationship. Understanding leaf size-related changes allows to properly investigate ontogenetic and seasonal effects on leaf vascular and hydraulic traits for C. obtusa. The second part aims at better understanding the drought resistance of the leafy shoot. By retaining 25 species, the anatomical determinants of drought-induced embolism resistance for stems are studied. The different properties and mechanisms already known for temperate plants are investigated jointly to consolidate or not their existence, and understand their relative contribution. Vulnerability segmentation (i.e. differentiation of embolism resistance) at the leaf-stem interface is investigated across 20 species. I further evidenced (i) a large spectrum of variation for vulnerability segmentation across species, (ii) a positive relation with hydraulic segmentation (i.e. differentiation of hydraulic resistance), suggesting that some species promote both hydraulic and vulnerability segmentations to decouple hydraulically leaf and stem, and (iii) that vulnerability segmentation has a massive role in enhancing the theoretical desiccation time of shoots, confirming vulnerability segmentation as a drought resistance mechanism for tropical trees. In a final part, all traits are merged to test their predictive power for species hydro-topographic distribution and growth-mediated response to water stress, at a local scale. In the general discussion, I discuss the functional signification of leaf size and drought resistance traits for tropical rainforest, as also potential relation between leaf size and drought resistance
Dupont, Sylvain. "Modélisation de la micrométéorologie à l'échelle de paysages complexes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443770.
Full textBrouard, Eloïse. "Effet de l'adaptation des pratiques culturales de la vigne en réponse au changement climatique (manipulation de la canopée, utilisation d'acide abscissique) sur le potentiel qualitatif de la baie de raisin : approches agronomique, analytique et transcriptomique : & Caractérisation fonctionnelle de VviAKR, enzyme potentiellement impliquée dans la voie de biosynthèse des méthoxypyrazines." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0408.
Full textGlobal climate changes have already affected and will continue to affect the physiology of grapevine, in particular the yield and berry composition at harvest, and thus ultimately the quality and typicality of the wines produced. Among the different possible strategies of adapting viticulture to climate change (changes varieties, creation of new varieties better adapted to future conditions,...), modulating berry composition at harvest through changing cultural practices, such as manipulations of the canopy (leaf / fruit ratio, grape exposure), may be a fast and efficient option as a short-term adaptation strategy.My thesis aims to find the best point of compromise between reducing the sugar level and, maintaining the acidity, phenolic compounds, and the aromatic complexity by the canopy manipulations (leaves / fruits ratio, secondary shoot removal), coupled or not with the application of abscisic acid.Different leaf / fruit ratios were studied on the Cabernet-Sauvignon cultivar in greenhouse and in vineyard within a plot of production. The berry composition analysis of primary and secondary metabolites, performed in these two experiments, made it possibleto determine that the ratio of 6 leaves remaining per cluster was the threshold value below which an effect on the primary metabolites is visible. A decrease in the sugar content was especially observed, also associated with a decrease in the concentration of total anthocyanins which are particularly important in the definition of the typicality of Bordeaux wines. The application of exogenous abscisic acid to the berries before veraison permitted to reduce the negative effects of the modification of the leaf-to-fruit ratio on the accumulation of anthocyanins and did not affect the typicality of the wines during the tastings of the microvinifications carried out during this study. These analytical results were coupled with transcriptomic analyses of RNAseq and real-time quantitative PCR (Fluidigm) to identify key genes associated with the primary and secondary metabolic pathways reacting to modulations of leaf-to-fruit ratio coupled or not with the addition of abscisic acid.Thus, the coupling modulation of the leaf-to-fruit ratio to the application of exogenous abscisic acid on the berries would be a usable method to reduce the sugar content and maintain a typicality of Bordeaux wines close to the current one.The functional characterization of a gene potentially associated with the biosynthetic pathway of methoxypyrazines, which are involved in vegetable character of grapes and wine, was also conducted. Different approaches have been tested and provided useful clues but the conclusive results are still under further confirmation
Haeussler, Sybille. "Germination and first-year survival of red alder seedlings in the central Coast Range of Oregon /." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10700.
Full textZhang, Shu-Huan. "Manipulation of yield through source-sink changes in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) /." 1996. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3461.
Full textBiskup, Bernhard [Verfasser]. "Determination of structural parameters of single plants and canopies using 3D techniques / vorgelegt von Bernhard Biskup." 2009. http://d-nb.info/995718911/34.
Full textLindh, Briana C. "Understory herb and shrub responses to root trenching, pre-commercial thinning, and canopy closure in Douglas-fir forest of the western Cascades, Oregon." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30049.
Full textGraduation date: 2004