Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plantes – Teneur en protéines'
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Suc, Sylvie. "Amélioration génétique de la teneur en protéines du soja (Glycine max L. Merr. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT027A.
Full textPascal, Marie-France. "Étude de critères morphophysiologiques en vue de création variétale, chez l'orge Hordeum vulgare L." Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT008A.
Full textLecourieux, David. "Analyse fonctionnelle des variations de la concentration en calcium libre dans le cytoplasme et le noyau des cellules de tabac en réponse à des éliciteurs des réactions de défense : identification de protéines kinases cibles." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS062.
Full textCasagrande, Camille. "Evaluation précoce des performances du blé biologique (rendement et teneur en protéines) : une approche combinée de diagnostic agronomique, de modélisation à l'aide d'indicateurs de nuisibilité et d'études des pratiques dans les exploitations agricoles." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4736/01/ThèseMCasagrande.pdf.
Full textChatelain, Emilie. "Contribution à la caractérisation des phases tardives de la maturation des graines de Medicago Truncatula : une étude physiologique et biochimique pour comprendre la longévité." Angers, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01005725.
Full textSeed longevity corresponds to the capacity of seeds to survive not only drying, but also to remain viable for extended periods of time in the dry state. Longevity is acquired during late maturation, just after the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the physiological, biochemical and molecular events taking place during maturation to identify mechanisms or molecules that correlate with longevity of Medicago truncatula seeds. During maturation, longevity increases 30-fold between 28 and 44 days after pollination. Analysis of the acquisition of longevity in seeds of several harvests demonstrates a strong correlation between longevity and the level of sucrose (R2=-0. 91) and stachyose (R2=0. 92). A proteomic analysis was used to follow the accumulation of 38 'Late Embryogenesis Abundant' (LEA) polypeptides corresponding to 16 LEA genes during maturation. Only four polypeptides were identified that correlated with longevity (EM, CapLEA, D113. II and D-34. II), representing 45% of the total intensity of the LEA proteome. The abundance of most of the LEA polypeptides increased at the final step of maturation drying. ABI5 is a transcription factor expected to drive LEA genes expression. Characterization of abi5 mutants of M. Truncatula, shows that in contrast to Arabidopsis, ABI5 in M. Truncatula plays a role in dormancy and oligosaccharide accumulation. In addition, abi5 mutants have a reduced longevity and accumulate less EM and EM6 proteins, as well as several proteins of the SMP (D-34) group
El, Zein Rana. "Dynamiques saisonnières des réserves carbonées et azotées chez le chêne sessile (Quercus petraea) et le hêtre (Fagus sylvatica) adultes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10002/document.
Full textSessile oak and beech are two deciduous temperate broadleaved species, characterized by contrasted foliar and cambial phenologies. In order to progress in our understanding of reserves management in these species, we studied the seasonal dynamics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) reserves in adult trees in their natural environment. For this purpose, we developed a multidisciplinary approach associating ecophysiology, biochemistry and isotopy. The monthly monitoring of seasonal variation in C and N reserves in the stem sapwood showed a strong remobilization of starch from the most recent rings of oak in the spring in order to supply the necessary C for early wood growth that is concomitant to leaf expansion in this species. For beech, spring growth seemed to be less dependant on C stored within the stem sapwood. In both species, 2 polypeptides of 13 and 26 kDa accumulated with leaf senescence in the autumn and were highly abundant during the dormant period then they were remobilized with bud burst in the spring. This seasonal variation supports their role in nitrogen storage as vegetative storage proteins (VSP) and does not exclude a role in cold hardiness too. In sessile oak, the in situ 15N labeling of soil N (newly absorbed N) during the bud burst in the spring showed that N reserves accounted for 90% of total N of the new organs (leaves and twigs) at the first stages of growth. The contribution of newly assimilated N became more important when bud burst was achieved. The distribution patterns of non-structural C and N concentrations and amounts at the tree level was realized by an exhaustive sampling of trees from both species in the winter (January) and at full leaf expansion (June). This study showed i) that the distribution of concentrations among tree organs was dependant of the physiological function, wood anatomy and proximity to sink organs, ii) the importance of stem sapwood and coarse roots in reserves storage during the winter, iii) the importance of non-structural nitrogen amounts in leaves and twigs despite their low biomass, iv) higher amounts of non-structural C and N compounds in oak compared to beech, that reflects contrasted needs for spring growth and tissue maintenance during the winter dormancy
Tira-Umphon, Arak. "Influence de l'éthylène sur le développement des baies de raisin et expression des gènes apparentés." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000604/.
Full textThe grape is a non-climacteric fruit which maturation apparently does not require ethylene. Here, it is confirmed that the accumulation of anthocyanins is linked to the accumulation of a glucoslyltransferase (UFGT), whose promoter was cloned. We found 7 cis-elements ethylene-dependent. This study showed the stimulation of ufgt expression by ethylene is not dependent to MybA, transcription regulators of the ufgt. Experiments were designed to investigate all genes affected by ethylene in early ripening grapes. Among them some are in relation to variations in berry diameter. These genes are involved in the movement of water : several aquaporins, and the structure of the cell wall : polygalactoronases, xyloglucan endotransglucosylases, méthylesterase pectin, cellulose synthase and expansines. Ethylene stimulates the accumulation of most of their transcripts between 1 hour and 24 hours of incubation
Taulemesse, François. "Analyse écophysiologique et génétique de l’absorption d’azote post-floraison chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.) en relation avec la concentration en protéines des grains." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22581/document.
Full textGrain protein concentration is one of the major qualitative criteria of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) economic and technological value. However, the negative relationship existing between protein concentration and grain yield implies that grain protein concentration improvement is complex to achieve without detrimental effect on grain yield. Breeding programs based on the deviation to this negative relationship (Grain protein deviation of GPD) have been proposed to be a suitable strategy to improve grain nitrogen concentration without detrimental effects on yield. At a physiological level, GPD is strongly correlated with genotypes aptitude to uptake nitrogen after flowering independently of the nitrogen amount already taken up before this stage, suggesting that satiety for nitrogen could be involved in its establishment. Breeding for GPD implies however a more detailed knowledge of the processes implied in nitrogen uptake regulation by nitrogen plant satiety. This would allow targeting traits both simple to measure and robustly associated with this increased capacity to accumulate proteins in grains.The present study is based on two experiments carried on under controlled conditions and a third led under field conditions. In all experiments, various levels of pre-flowering fertilization were applied in order to obtain contrasted plant nitrogen status at flowering. Nitrogen status effect on post-flowering nitrogen uptake was observed under various post-flowering N availability conditions. Physiological and molecular measurements were carried out in parallel with uptake measurements.We highlighted that post-flowering nitrogen uptake has an elaborate dynamic, suggesting the involvement of complex regulations. Among these, plant nitrogen status at flowering determines to a great extent the amount of nitrogen taken up during the days following flowering (early PANU, from flowering to flowering +250 °C.days-1). Early PANU appears to be a strong determinant of grain protein concentration, as strong positive correlations were observed between these two traits both under controlled conditions and field conditions, independently of grain yield level. The study of two genotypes strongly contrasted for GPD highlighted that, despite comparable N status, early PANU is subjected to strong genetic variations which tend to identify N satiety as a determinant of GPD.The present study identified robust markers of GPD of potential use in plant breeding. At a physiological level, post flowering stem elongation appears to be a promising marker of GPD since this trait is strongly correlated with early PANU. At a molecular level, root nitrate concentration, a trait submitted to genetic variations, is also proposed as a marker of GPD because of its role in the expression regulation of the genes governing nitrogen uptake and assimilation
Herrmann, Evelyne. "Contribution à l'étude de l'absorption du potassium et du magnésium par le maïs : essai de simulation à l'aide d'un modèle." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL057N.
Full textPerronnet, Karen. "Disponibilité dans le sol du cadmium et du zinc hyperaccumulés dans les organes de Thlaspi caerulescens." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL106N.
Full textVinit-Dunand, Florence. "Phytotoxicité et transfert sol-plante des éléments traces métalliques : influence de l'alimentation minérale." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2047.
Full textThe first aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of copper excess effects on photosynthesis and growth of plants. Growth inhibition of cucumber plants by low copper excess induce photosynthesis inhibition. By strong copper contamination the photosynthesis and the growth are directly altered. The storage of metals in the roots seems to be a shoots protection strategy for plants. An other aim of this work was to bring about the influence of sulphur supply on phytotoxicity and soil to plant copper transfers. A sufficient sulphur nutrition gives a slight protection for leaf expansion of cucumber contaminated by low copper excess. This positive influence is not linked with modification of soil to plant copper transfers. The hypothesis would be that the mechanisms of protection and detoxification such as ascorbate-glutathion cycle or phytochelatins could be involved
Dimitrova, Tatiana. "Emulsions stabilisées par les protéines : forces colloi͏̈dales, rhéologie et crémage." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12223.
Full textSorin, Elise. "Identification d’indicateurs de la nutrition soufrée chez le colza (Brassica napus L. ) : mécanismes physiologiques sous-jacents et validation en conditions de plein champ." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2062.
Full textBecause of soil S oligotrophization and uncontrolled management of S fertilization, it is essential to optimize the S nutrition of crop plants to adjust S fertilizer inputs to the real needs of crops. Therefore, the main objective was to identify early and reliable indicators of S nutrition in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis of the S status in oilseed rape crop in order to finely tune S fertilization. The study of the precise kinetic physiological responses of oilseed rape to S deprivation under controlled conditions was used to identify two indicators of S nutrition: i) the ([Cl-]+[NO3-]+[PO43-]):[SO42-] ratio or remobilization indicator, simplified thereafter as the ([Cl]+[P]):[S] ratio revealed the osmotic compensation required by sulfate remobilization during the early phase of S deprivation and ii) the [Mo]:[S] ratio or uptake indicator, whose change, even earlier than the previous indicator, revealed the massive induction of genes expression encoding root transporters (BnaSultr1. 1 and BnaSultr1. 2) and leading to a rapid increase of molybdate uptake during S deprivation. These indicators have been validated under field conditions for the oilseed rape crop grown on an S oligotrophe plot receiving various levels of fertilization. The genericity of these indicators was validated under controlled conditions in wheat, corn, tomato, cauliflower, pea and Medicago truncatula. Overall, these results show that the combined use of these two indicators may allow early, reliable and specific diagnosis of the plant S status
Zannini, Flavien. "Analyse fonctionnelle de protéines métal- ou redox- dépendantes chez les plantes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0276.
Full textThe presence of reactive cysteines confers redox properties and/or the ability to bind metal ions to numerous proteins. This project, organized in several axes, aimed at characterizing proteins with a conserved CxxC motif and possibly a thioredoxin (TRX) fold in plants. It appears that the mitochondrial TRX o1 and o2, the atypical protein disulfide isomerase PDI-A and the chloroplastic glutaredoxin (GRX) S16 from A. thaliana expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli all incorporated an Fe-S center within homodimers whose function remains to be determined. Analysis of the redox properties of apo-proteins indicates that PDI-A and GRXS16 have little or no oxidoreductase activity respectively although intramolecular disulfide bridges are formed between conserved cysteines. In the case of GRXS16, its redox state would be regulated by light as the disulfide bridge is reducible by TRX but not by glutathione. The last research axis concerned the study of the properties of the MIA40 oxidoreductase and the ERV1 flavine oxidase, involved in the import and oxidative folding of proteins within the inter-membrane space of mitochondria. The results suggest that the singularity of this system in plants is based on the atypical structure of ERV1 and its ability to oxidize proteins in the presence of glutathione but in the absence of MIA40, which is essential in yeast or humans
Kengni, Lucas. "Mesure in-situ des pertes d'eau et d'azote sous culture de maïs irriguée : application à la plaine de la Bièvre (Isère)." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10067.
Full textCapron, Arnaud. "Etude de la voie de protéolyse D-box-dépendante chez les plantes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13191.
Full textHazotte, Alice. "Rôle de métabolites bactériens dans la mobilisation du césium d’une illite dopée : étude mécaniste et application à la phytoextraction." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5e4dc580-e365-449f-814f-a3de3d95ea70.
Full textFollowing nuclear accidents, various radionuclides such as cesium-137 (Cs) are dispersed in the atmosphere before being deposited on the soil. In order to eliminate Cs accumulated in the upper soil horizon, both in situ and at lower cost, phytoextraction is proving to be a promising method. The combination of bioaugmentation of soil and phytoextraction may reduce the treatment duration by increasing the fraction of Cs mobilized by the plant. Understanding the mechanisms that governs the Cs-soil-plant-bacteria interactions is the subject of this thesis. The first part of the thesis concerns the bioaccessibility of a purified and Cs-doped illite, considering the direct or indirect actions of bacterial metabolites (citric and oxalic acids, desferrioxamine mesylate, acetohydroxamic acid and pyoverdine (PVD) produced by P. Fluorescens). PVD desorbs up to 45% of Cs from illite through direct (ion exchange) and indirect (illite weathering) mechanisms. In the second part, red clover (Trifolium pratense), chosen as accumulator plant, is hydroponically grown, with or without PVD. Without PVD, 10. 0 μmol of Cs per g of dry matter (DM) are accumulated in roots and 5. 9 μmol. G-1 DM in its aboveground parts while in its presence, Cs accumulation by red clover is reduced by 25 to 70% but the translocation factor was higher (0. 5 without PVD and 1. 1 with PVD). In the third part, the red clover is grown in pots in the presence or absence of PVD. The results are similar to those measured in hydroponics (118 Cs μmol. G-1 MS in roots and 40 μmol. G-1 MS in the aboveground parts)
Guntzer, Flore. "Impact de la culture intensive de céréales sur les stocks de silice biodisponible dans les sols européens." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30064.
Full textSilicon is found in the same proportions as most macronutrients in plants and is known to be beneficial for their growth. Although silicon is one of the main constituents of soil, most of the forms under which it is found are not available for plants. In natural ecosystems, phytoliths (amorphous silica particle recycled by plants) are one of the main sources of silicon for plants as their dissolution cinetic is way faster than that of other silicate minerals at pH > 4. However in cultuvated soils where the crops are exported, phytoliths do not come back to the soil. We studied soils cultivated with cereals to asses the impact of the exportation of crops on the amorphous silica stock. All studied soils were poor in amorphous silica. We also studied the effect of different Si fertilization. Restoration of straw to the soil, even for a short period of time, has a real impact on the stock of amorphous silica. This means the restitution of straw could be a simple remediation for the decrease of the bioavailable silica stock of cultivated soils
Molle, Pascal. "Filtres plantes de roseaux : limites hydrauliques et rétention du phosphore." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20151.
Full textLamy, Aude. "Production de protéines d'intérêt thérapeutique par les plantes transgéniques : réalisations et perspectives." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P087.
Full textClaon, Jean Stéphane. "Exposition au mercure, à l'arsenic et au sélénium de l'écosystème et des populations riveraines de la lagune Aby (Côte d'Ivoire - Ghana) : recherche de bioindicateurs." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13505.
Full textFuret, Pierre-Maxime. "Déterminisme trophique du gradient acrotone de débourrement chez Rosa hybrida L. En fonction de l’intensité lumineuse." Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0064.
Full textApical control is defined as the preferential budburst of apical axillary buds along an axis (budburst acrotone gradient). Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of apical control. On a decapitated rose model with an acrotone budburst gradient, we determined the origin of the mechanisms (morphological, internal or external to the bud) involved in apical control. We studied the influence of carbon and nitrogen nutrition on apical control in different lighting regimes (low or high) and nitrogen supply regimes (low or high). We then studied carbon and nitrogen fluxes during bud break by isotopic labelling with 15N and 13C. Our results showed that the buds are morphologically identical and that they are all capable of breaking when grown in vitro. In low light conditions, the budburst profile is not modified by the addition of nitrogen. On the other hand, in high light conditions, buds all emerge when nitrogen supply is high, while the budburst profile remains acrotonous under low nitrogen supply. We have shown in low light that nitrogen is less absorbed and that the export of carbon to the roots is reduced. The nutrition of the unclogging apical bud is then very dependent on the nitrogen reserves accumulated before beheading. The expression of apical control thus seems to be determined by the nitrogen absorption capacity, which is conditioned by the light intensity. Our study has shown that the nitrogen status of the plant is a key factor in regulating apical control
Piva, Guillaume. "Maîtrise de la qualité biochimique de la graine pour deux légumineuses : soja, haricot : impact des conditions de culture et des choix de génotypiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT005A.
Full textLacaze, Xavier. "Interprétation des interactions génotype x environnement et étude des Déterminants génétiques de l'adaptation : exemple de la teneur en protéines du grain de blé dur (Triticum turgidum)." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0019.
Full textHernandez-Sanchez, Fabiola. "Contribution à l'étude du séchage de la spiruline et de son impact sur la qualité biochimique du produit sec." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10313.
Full textSpirulina is a high nutritive foodstuff which contains 55% to 65% of proteins. The quality of the dry product depends on drying methods. Thus, in this work, the convective drying method was investigated as concern process parameters influence and the influence of several drying methods on the biochemical quality of dried product. An air-lift photobioreactor of 40 L volume was built in order to obtain an important production of fresh biomass for the drying experiments. It was possible characterize its productivity and the spirulina cultures growth rate. The shrinkage behaviour of the biomass with convective drying was characterized for the initial samples shaped as cylinders and thin layers. The drying rate was corrected by taking of account the shrinkage. This revealed the existence of a constant drying rate periods for cylinders of various initial diameters. The Characteristic Drying Curve (CDC) and the values of the water mean diffusion coefficient were estimated for the cylinders. The proteins and total sugars contents on dried samples were analyzed after different drying methods by convective, infra-red, atomization, and freeze-drying. The best drying method for the recovery of proteins and total sugars contents was freeze-drying
Pianelli, Katia. "Recherche des déterminants moléculaires de la tolérance aux métaux lourds dans la plante hyperaccumulatrice Thlaspi caerulescens : Analyse du rôle de la nicotianamine dans la tolérance au nickel." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20203.
Full textArnaud, Nicole. "Composition minérale des baies de raisins frontonnais : influence des cépages, des porte-greffes, du sol et du climat." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU32123.
Full textKossinova, Olga. "Insights into the selenocysteine incorporation mechanism in mammals." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6221.
Full textThe amino acid selenocysteine is encoded by a UGA triplet which acts generally as a stop codon. A specialized machinery is used to incorporate this amino acid into selenoproteins, involving a specific stem-loop, termed SelenoCysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS), and some protein factors. One of those is the SECIS Binding Protein 2 (SBP2), which is necessary for ribosome recognition of the UGA as the Sec codon. Using synthetic selenocysteine mRNAs and translational inhibitors, several steps of mRNA translation were analyzed. The data obtained allowed us to propose the following mechanism for selenocysteine insertion : during the transpeptidation step of elongation, SBP2 is bound to the ribosome; however, after transpeptidation, SBP2 leaves the ribosome and binds the SECIS in the pre-translocation step. We showed earlier that SBP2 binds specifically to the purified human 60S but not to the 40S ribosome subunits but the actual location was unknown. The SBP2•40S, SBP2•60S and SBP2•80S complexes were thus studied using crosslinking reagents. SBP2 did not crosslink to the 40S subunit in either the 40S•SBP2 or 80S•SBP2 complexes, correlating with the binding data. However, SBP2 crosslinks to the 60S subunit in either the free state or in the 80S ribosome. I next showed that the 28S rRNA contributes more to the crosslink than ribosomal proteins. This led us to use hydroxyl radical footprinting to study the molecular environment of SBP2 on the ribosome. According to the probing data, the binding of SBP2 to the human 60S subunit protects 2 helices in expansion segment 7 of the 28S rRNA. I proposed that the SBP2 binding site is located in the vicinity of the L7/L12 stalk
Ollier, Marine. "Sélection d’un Triticale à faible teneur en mycotoxines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R003.
Full textFusarium head blight (FHB) is a cereal disease of major importance responsible for yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations in grains. Here we characterized the resistance to FHB in triticale breeding material harboring resistance factors from bread wheat. Additionally, we introduce a new measurement approach to quantify FHB severity on grains based on the evaluation of the whitened kernel surface (WKS) using digital image analysis. A highly FHB resistant experimental line which derives from a triticale × wheat cross was crossed to several modern triticale cultivars to generate three triticale populations. These mapping populations were phenotyped for Fusarium head blight resistance in replicated field trials under artificial inoculation and were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and SSR markers. FHB severity was assessed in the field by visual scorings and on the harvested grain samples by a digital evaluation of the WKS. Aside from this breeding work, the applicability of WKS was assessed on two bread wheat and one triticale grain sample sets with 265 samples in total. Pearson correlation coefficients between Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) and WKS range from r = 0.77 to r = 0.81 and from r = 0.61 to r = 0.86 for the correlation between deoxynivalenol (DON) content and WKS. As a low‐cost and fast approach, this method appears particularly attractive for breeding and genetic analysis of FHB resistance where typically large numbers of experimental lines need to be evaluated, and for which WKS is suggested as an alternative to visual FDK scorings. Four QTL with major effects on FHB resistance were identified in our three mapping populations. They map to chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5R and 7A. The QTL on 3B collocated with Fhb1 and the QTL on 5R with the dwarfing gene Ddw1. This is the first report demonstrating the successful introgression of Fhb1 into triticale which comprises a significant step forward for enhancing FHB resistance in this crop
El, Menif Emna. "Étude fonctionnelle du promoteur de BI-1chez les plantes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29449/29449.pdf.
Full textGoulet, Charles. "Modulation de la protéolyse chez les plantes vasculaires dans une perspective de moléculture." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26362/26362.pdf.
Full textMbaiguinam, Mbailao. "Détermination des causes de la résistance des légumineuses aux charançons des céréales du genre Sitophilus." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0074.
Full textEverywhere in the world and especially in the intertropical zone, the stored cereals are attacked by numerous insects. The weevils of the Sitophilus genus: Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae are the most dangerous pests of the cereals. The legume seeds are toxic for these weevils but some strains of Sitophilus oryzae are resistant. We have demonstrated that this resistance is genetically governed by a single autosomal recessive gene. Toxicity was looked for in different pea varieties and in different legume species. It was always present although at very variable levels. Toxicity was limited to the seeds. Classical extraction and purification techniques allowed to establish that the toxic agent was a basic protein of low molecular weight (5,000 Daltons) and was glycosylated. The N terminal sequence showed a high analogy with the lectin site of endochitinases and moreover the protein presents affinity with chitin. The characterization of this protein opens the way towards a new method of protection of the stored cereals implying transgenesis
Benchabane, Meriem. "Modifications post-traductionnelles d'une serpine humaine recombinante exprimée chez les plantes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24868/24868.pdf.
Full textKhaldi, Marwa. "Étude du lien entre la physico-chimie de dérivés laitiers et leur aptitude à l’encrassement lors du traitement thermomécanique en échangeur de chaleur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10032/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. work is a contribution for understanding the fouling in plate heat exchangers (PHE) during the heat treatment of whey protein solutions. This work aims at establishing the relationship between the composition of the different whey protein solutions (β-lactoglobulin content (β-lg) and calcium), their denaturation behaviour and their ability to foul the hot surfaces of the PHE.This study showed the strong impact of the calcium content and the calcium/protein molar ratio on the β-lg thermal denaturation mechanisms, the distributions of the deposit fouling, deposit formation dynamics and the structure of the first deposit layers.The determination of the β-lg denaturation kinetic constants and the knowledge of the thermal profile allowed to simulate the concentration profiles of the different β-lg species (native, unfolded and aggregated) along the PHE and to study the correlation between the dry deposit mass of and the amount of denatured β-lg in the PHE. This simulation highlighted the negligible role of the aggregates in the fouling mechanisms and both the influence of the unfolded species and the calcium content on the distribution of protein deposition. Finally, a new correlation between the distribution of dry deposit masses in each channel of the PHE and the denaturation kinetic parameters was determined for each studied protein solution, showing thus that chemical reaction engineering approaches are requested for predicting proteinaceous fouling
Garcion, Christophe. "Etude de l'embryogenèse chez Arabidopsis thaliana : caractérisation fonctionnelle et moléculaire de EMB506 et AKR, deux gènes nucléaires codant pour des protéines plastidiales." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0530.
Full textThe EMB506 gene codes for a plastidial protein required for embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Complementing the emb506 mutation only during embryogenesis resulted in a post-embryonic chlorotic phenotype of inflorescences. The EMB506 protein contains an ankyrin repeat domain which suggests the existence of specific interacting proteins. In Arabidopsis only AKRP coded by the AKR gene, displays a similar domain. In order to identify partners recognized by EMB506, a cDNA library from immature siliques was screened using the two-hybrid system in yeast. Only one interacting protein was discovered : AKRP. Using domain deletions it was shown that these two proteins bind each other via their respective ankyrin repeat domain. With the aim of comparing EMB506 and AKRP roles, and to assess the possibility that these two proteins may interact in vivo, several approaches were used. An akr mutant was isolated which exhibits a globular stage developmental arrest, like the emb506 mutant. Complementing this mutant during embryogenesis only, by the ABI3::AKR construct, yielded homozygous akr/akr plants displaying variegations, which suggests an effect of AKRP on plastid development. A translational fusion with GFP demonstrated that AKRP is targeted to the plastid, again like EMB506. Characterization of some EMB506::GUS and AKR::GUS lines, as well as the study of the AKRP protein expression profile, was undertaken. In conclusion, these data suggest that EMB506 and AKRP are involved in the same functions during and after embryogenesis, and underline the importance of the plastid in embryo development
Maillard, Anne. "Adaptations des végétaux à un environnement minéral fluctuant : mécanismes impliqués et interactions entre nutriments." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2012.
Full textMineral nutrition of plants is based on complex physiological and genetic mechanisms controlling nutrients uptake, their transport, accumulation, assimilation and remobilization. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved for each element and crosstalks between elements is required to optimize the acquisition and the use of nutrients available in the environment. In this context, we estimated the remobilization of 13 elements during leaf senescence in five crop species and three tree species. The potential of remobilization for each element was highly species-dependent. The nutrient remobilization efficiency may be affected by the duration of senescence, the development of new sinks (reproductive organs) or the availability of mineral elements in the soil solution. Further experiments were performed with rapeseed plants subjected to individual nutrient deficiencies to maximize the remobilization. In a second time, we have determined the impact of deprivation on the plant ionome. Eighteen situations of major increased uptake under mineral nutrient deprivations were identified, some of which have not been yet described. Additionally, Mo uptake which was strongly increased under S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn or B deprivations, was more particularly studied in order firstly to identify involved mechanisms and secondly to provide application of this knowledge for the development of a new early indicator of S nutrition: the [S]: [Mo] ratio
Dos, Santos Dias Ana Camila. "Champignons marins : lipidomique et lipides d'intérêt en santé et nutrition." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1010.
Full textMarine fungi, despite their chemical diversity due to their constant adaptations, remain poorly investigated for their lipid diversity and therefore represent a potential source of lipids of interest in health and nutrition. In this context, after a screening of more than thirty strains of the MMS lab marine fungal collection, Clonostachys rosea MMS1090 and Acremonium sp. MMS540 were selected based on their lipid production, their fatty acid composition and their lipid profiling using lipidomic approach but also for the potential bioactivities of their lipid fractions. For both studied strains, a more comprehensive study using OSMAC approach (One Strain Many Compounds) was then performed in order to observe lipid profiling differences in terms of lipid diversity and production and to assess their potential to produce bioactive compounds. Methodology used, crossing lipidomic approaches, dereplication as well as conventional lipid purification techniques have been applied and permitted for C. rosea MMS1090 to isolate, identify and evaluate the biological potential of the conjugated fatty acid 4-Me- 6,8-16: 2, a glycosphingolipid and a sterol, the eburicol. These molecules exhibited bioactivities against cancer cells lines, in particular against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, as well as Gram-positive and negative bacterial strains. In the same way, for Acremonium sp. MMS 540 it was also demonstrated the presence of bioactive glycolipid fractions. These first reports show the importance of further research in this area for the investigation of bioactive lipids
Pieuchot, Laurent. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle famille de protéines impliquées dans l'assemblage du fuseau mitotique des plantes supérieures." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/PIEUCHOT_Laurent_2009.pdf.
Full textHigher plant cells are characterized by dispersed microtubule organizing centers. During interphase, they were identified at the nuclear surface, close to the cortex and along pre-existing microtubules. However, the mechanisms of spindle microtubule assembly remain largely unknown. In acentrosomal animal cells like Xenopus oocytes, the Targeting Protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) was characterized as an essential player in perichromosomal spindle assembly, suggesting that it may be a central regulator of spindle formation without centrosomes. The aim of this work was first to identify and then to functionally characterize the Arabidopsis orthologue of TPX2. The best candidate corresponded to a single gene refered as AT1G03780. Stable transformants of Arabidopsis plants and tobacco BY-2 cells expressing GFP-AtTPX2 fusions were obtained. The fusion protein was targeted within the nucleus in interphase and actively exported shortly before nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB), probably participating in prospindle formation around the prophase nucleus. This behaviour differs from animal cells in which TPX2 nucleates microtubules only after NEB. In prometaphase, AtTPX2 colocalizes with spindle fibers and is rapidly degraded in telophase, like in vertebrates, suggesting that the protein is involved in early steps of mitosis. We characterized two nuclear localization signals, one nuclear export signal and two microtubule binding domains specific for the Arabidopsis protein, arguing in favor of its intracellular targeting and dynamics we followed. Furthermore, AtTPX2 was shown to rescue microtubule nucleation in a TPX2-depleted Xenopus extract, indicating that this function is conserved in the plant protein. In addition, the injection of anti-TPX2 antibodies in Tradescantia stamen hair cells inhibited cell division just before NEB. We identified by BLAST analysis several other proteins sharing similarities with AtTPX2 domains. Subcellular analysis has shown that these AtTPX2 like proteins have the property to bind microtubules and to shuttle between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. All together, our data provide new insights into plant cell division, suggesting that throughout evolution, TPX2 has conserved essential functions in spindle assembly. Furthermore, this work revealed that a large number of AtTPX2 paralog does exist, suggesting a wide plant specific evolutionary radiation
Pladys, Dominique. "Sénescence et protéolyse chez les nodosités de Phaseolus Vulgaris L. : relations avec la fixation d'azote." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4296.
Full textDumbliauskas, Eva. "Rôle du complexe CUL4-DDB1 dans le contrôle du développement embryonnaire chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6055.
Full textRegulation of protein stability by the ubiquitin proteasome system participates in a broad variety of physiologically and developmentally controlled processes in all eukaryotes. In this pathway, a critical step involves ubiquitin ligases (E3s), which facilitate the transfer of ubiquitin moieties to a substrate protein which is then targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Among the different E3 enzymes, a novel class of cullin-containing ubiquitin ligases composed of CUL4, DDB1, and one WD40 protein, believed to act as a substrate receptor and named DCAF, was recently identified. CUL4-Ring E3 ligases (CRL4) play important functions at the chromatin level, including responses to DNA damage in metazoans and plants and, in fission yeast, in heterochromatin silencing. Among putative CRL4 receptors we identified MSI1, which belongs to an evolutionary conserved protein family. MSI1-like proteins contribute to different protein complexes, including the epigenetic regulatory Polycomb Repressive Complex2 (PRC2). Here we provide evidence that Arabidopsis MSI1 physically interacts with DDB1A and is part of a multimeric protein complex including CUL4. CUL4 and DDB1 loss-of-function mutants are embryo lethal, but in contrast to the msi1 mutant do not show autonomous endosperm development in the absence of fertilization. Nevertheless, parental imprinting of MEA, a target gene of the Arabidopsis PRC2 complex, is lost in CUL4-deficient plants. In addition, after pollination both MEA transcript and protein accumulate in a cul4 mutant background. Overall, our work provides the first evidence of a physical and functional link between an E3 ligase and a PRC2 complex thus indicating a role of ubiquitination in the repression of gene expression
Frangne, Nathalie. "Les aquaporines de tissus végétaux spécialisés : contribution à l'étude de leur expression et de leur adressage." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2341.
Full textBalagué, Claudine. "Sénescence de cellules végétales privées d'auxine : altérations fonctionnelles et structurales : synthèse de protéines spécifiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT013A.
Full textKalkounos, Ioannis. "Étude de la déficience en fer, chez le concombre, et de sa correction en culture hors sol." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT019A.
Full textRichez, Elisabeth. "Germination et croissance de graminées sur des sols pollués par des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques : implications en écotoxicologie et en phytomanagement." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0043.
Full textThe research concerns the interactions between vegetation and industrial soils contamined with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The approach in situ is based on a phytosociological analysis of the present herbaceous plants on a fallow land of cokeworks combined with physio-chemical soil data. This study shows that there is no particular herbaceous vegetation related to the presence of the HAP in the soil. The experimental approach is based on the study of the development of two grasses, Lolium perenne and Alopecurus Myosuroides. On the polluted soil, a germination delay and a slower development of the roots of grasses are observed. However, no important effects of contaminants on the growth of the abroveground plant parts. The analysis of the contents of HAP in grasses, cultivated in a controlled environment with the atmosphere and the soil separated, shows that grasses are mainly contaminated through the roots. However, no phenomenon of bioaccumulation is observed. Furthermore, a translocation of a part of contaminants of the roots towards the abroveground plants parts is revealed. Long-term attempts show variations of behavior in the transfer of pollutants towards the air parts when plants are cultivated alone or together. In mixed culture, pollutants are almost not absorbed by Lolium perenne. On the contrary, Alopecurus myosuroides transfers in the stalks important quantities of HAP. Furthermore, these longer cultures, showed that the addition of a layer of healthy earth on the polluted soil limits strongly the contamination of vegetation. The question of the impact of vegetation on the decontamination of soils used during the experiments is analysed. The total concentrations of HAP are not significantly decreased after one year of Lolium perenne’s culture. Meanwhile, the concentrations of some contaminants like the benzo[g,h,i]perylene decrease, due to the simulation of microorganisms by the grasses
Delage, Ludovic. "Etude du mécanisme d'importation des ARN de transfert dans les mitochondries de plantes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13142.
Full textCabané, Mireille. "Effets du froid sur le développement du soja : Modifications de la synthèse des protéines solubles et membranaires." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30039.
Full textMora, Torres Rocio. "Recherche de résidus d'un fongicide chloré (le pentachloronitrobenzène) dans les végétaux et les sols : étude des moyens de biodégradation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE18013.
Full textBoutouili, Ghania. "Variations de la composition protéique et minérale du lait de vache : incidences sur les intéractions minéraux-protéines et la valeur technologique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPLA003.
Full textSchweizer, Martin. "Fractionnement et identification de petits peptides issus de l'hydrolyse enzymatique des protéines de colza." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL016N.
Full textBardor, Muriel. "Humanisation de la N-glycosylation d'anticorps recombinants produits dans des plantes transgéniques." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES021.
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