Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plantes en architecture

Academic literature on the topic 'Plantes en architecture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Plantes en architecture"

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Verdier, Thierry. "Une architecture républicaine, l'orangerie du Jardin des Plantes de Montpellier." Annales historiques de la Révolution française 309, no. 1 (1997): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahrf.1997.2138.

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PENOT, Eric, and Laurène FEINTRENIE. "L’agroforesterie sous climat tropical humide : une diversité de pratiques pour répondre à des objectifs spécifiques et à des contraintes locales." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 321, no. 321 (July 17, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.321.a31212.

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L’agroforesterie consiste en l’association dans l’espace ou dans le temps d’un ligneux (arbre, palmier, liane) avec une ou plusieurs espèces annuelles ou pluriannuelles. Les systèmes agroforestiers se caractérisent ainsi par le degré de complexité des associations végétales qui les composent, et par leur structure spatiale, décrite en termes de strates verticales et de répartition horizontale (occupation des sols). Ces systèmes sont très variés, allant de l’association d’une culture pérenne plantée en lignes avec des cultures intercalaires à des systèmes complexes associant une multitude d’espèces végétales pérennes, pluriannuelles et annuelles dans une architecture multi -strates proche de celle d’une forêt naturelle, ces derniers systèmes étant communément appelés agroforêts. Ces sys-tèmes agroforestiers sont alors des plantations paysannes combinant des cultures de rente pérennes (hévéa, caféier, cacaoyer, cocotier…) avec d’autres plantes utiles comme des arbres à bois, des arbres fruitiers, des cultures vivrières, des matériaux pour l’artisanat (palmier, rotin, bambou) et des plantes médicinales...
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Rochard, Joël. "Architecture et conception durable d’une cave : concept, application et exemples." BIO Web of Conferences 56 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235602002.

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La construction d’un chai, ainsi que sa rénovation, imposent la prise en compte du développement durable. Cet aspect est particulièrement important pour les caves, construites pour très longtemps et support de l’image de la structure. L'architecture bioclimatique, est une approche destinée à tirer le meilleur parti des conditions d'un site et de son environnement, pour une conception naturellement confortable pour ses utilisateurs tout en optimisant notamment la gestion de l’eau et de l’énergie. L’optimisation de l’énergie, et la réduction de l’impact sur l’effet de serre associent l’utilisation de l’inertie thermique du sous-sol, et d’énergies renouvelables (solaire, puits canadien, géothermie, etc.). Vis-à-vis des effluents, le traitement écologique, vise à réduire la consommation d’énergie, à mieux s’intégrer dans le paysage et éventuellement contribuer à un développement de la biodiversité. Celui-ci repose souvent sur le principe de phytoremédiation par les plantes avec une vision d’économie circulaire. Ces traitements visent également progressivement un recyclage de l’eau pour l’irrigation ou éventuellement les dispositifs de refroidissement de la cave. La communication a pour objectif de présenter les principales pistes et démarches opérationnelles, qui peuvent s’appliquer aux caves avec les labels et retours d’expérience dans différentes régions du monde.
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Cremers, G., and C. Edelin. "Étude de l'architecture aérienne de quelques plantes tropicales à ramification basitone : vers une révision du modèle de Tomlinson." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-161.

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The study of tree architecture initiated in 1970 was followed by that of grasses and liana. Up to now, a larger number of observations were conducted on plants belonging to the Tomlinson's model. Wide variations were perceived at the level of upright part of each “article” or “module”. These observations suggest that the Tomlinson's model should not be considered as a distinct model but rather as a variant with basitone repetition, likely to appear within most of the other known models. Key words: plant architecture, basitone ramification, monocotyledons, dicotyledons. [Journal translation]
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Kalas, Paul. "Direct imaging of massive extrasolar planets." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S276 (October 2010): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311020321.

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AbstractThe direct detection of an extrasolar planet can provide accurate measurements of its orbit, mass and composition, greatly improving our understanding of how planets form and evolve. Recent advances in ground-based and space-based imaging techniques have now produced the first direct images of extrasolar planets. Typically these are many-Jupiter-mass planets on wide orbits. Direct imaging therefore probes the outer architecture of planetary systems and it is highly complementary to other techniques sensitive to inner architectures. This brief review summarizes the properties of the currently imaged exoplanets, provides an update on the orbit of Fomalhaut b, and highlights the emerging phenomenon of circumplanetary disks.
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Hernando, Miguel, Mercedes Alonso, Carlos Prados, and Ernesto Gambao. "Behavior-Based Control Architecture for Legged-and-Climber Robots." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 9547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209547.

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In this paper, we present a fully original control architecture for legged-and-climber robots that is level-based, hierarchical, and centralized. The architecture gives the robots the ability to perform self-reconfiguration after unforeseen leg failures, because it can control this kind of robot with different numbers of legs. The results show the capability of performing movements in any direction and inclination planes. The components and functionalities of the developed control architecture for these robots are described, and, the architecture’s performance is tested on the ROMHEX robot.
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Hernando, Miguel, Mercedes Alonso, Carlos Prados, and Ernesto Gambao. "Behavior-Based Control Architecture for Legged-and-Climber Robots." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 9547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209547.

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In this paper, we present a fully original control architecture for legged-and-climber robots that is level-based, hierarchical, and centralized. The architecture gives the robots the ability to perform self-reconfiguration after unforeseen leg failures, because it can control this kind of robot with different numbers of legs. The results show the capability of performing movements in any direction and inclination planes. The components and functionalities of the developed control architecture for these robots are described, and, the architecture’s performance is tested on the ROMHEX robot.
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Kim, Ji-In, Nak-Jung Choi, Tae-Wan You, Heeyoung Jung, Young-Woo Kwon, and Seok-Joo Koh. "Mobile-Oriented Future Internet: Implementation and Experimentations over EU–Korea Testbed." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030338.

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Today’s mobility management (MM) architectures, such as Mobile Internet Protocol (IP) and Proxy Mobile IP, feature integration of data and control planes, as well as centralized mobility control. In the existing architecture, however, the tight integration of the data and control planes can induce a non-optimal routing path, because data packets are delivered via a central mobility agent, such as Home Agent and Local Mobility Anchor. Furthermore, the centralized mobility control mechanism tends to increase traffic overhead due to the processing of both data and control packets at a central agent. To address these problems, a new Internet architecture for the future mobile network was proposed, named Mobile-Oriented Future Internet (MOFI). The MOFI architecture was mainly designed as follows: (1) separation of data and control planes for getting an optimal data path; (2) distributed identifier–locator mapping control for alleviating traffic overhead at a central agent. In this article, we investigate the validity of the MOFI architecture through implementation and experimentations over the European Union (EU)–Korea testbed network. For this purpose, the MOFI architecture is implemented using OpenFlow and Click Modular Router over a Linux platform, and then it is evaluated over the locally and internationally configured EU–Korea testbed network. In particular, we operate two realistic communication scenarios over the EU–Korea testbed network. From the experimentation results, we can see that the proposed MOFI architecture can not only provide the mobility management efficiently, but also support the backward compatibility for the current IP version 6 (IPv6) applications and an Internet Protocol network.
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Krezlik, Adrian. "Many beginnings: the thought, thinkers and actions behind the planet-oriented architecture." Budownictwo i Architektura 20, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 005–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2021.

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The article maps multiple planet-oriented movements in the history of modern (predominantly western) architecture. It looks for architectural pronunciation of social movements, political actions and historical moments. In writings of acclaimed architects and authors, it searches for origins of organic, vernacular and tropical architecture and their offspring in the contemporary approaches, views and design. The article documents changes of perception of relation between man, nature and architecture. It commences with the very first attempts to understand this relationship: idealization and romanticisation of nature, it finishes with the most contemporary analyses based on the holistic approach and computer simulation. The article draws an extensive panorama of authors and publications that researched planted-oriented architecture.
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Kuznietsova, Yana, and . "World Experience of Using Water Reservoirs in the Structure of Basic Horizontal Planes of an Architectural Object." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.2 (June 20, 2018): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.2.14604.

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The aim of the article is to popularize the ecological approach in building both in Ukraine and states of the former Soviet Union. Previously the author studied issues of using water as a natural component on local and object levels in the structure of basic horizontal planes as connecting and outer spaces. This article deals with basic horizontal planes of buildings. The author analyzed architectural objects containing water as a natural component in their structure, and considered quality features of this approach. Firstly, these features influence psychology and physiology of a person, aesthetic perception of architectural objects and secondly, they have ecological aspects such as solving problems of heat isolation, precipitation cleansing, reducing the level of air pollution, atmospheric dispersion, etc. The article is based on the world experience of using water reservoirs in the structure of an architectural object. The author determined methods of water use and its influence on architectural form making. Watermorphic approach in architecture is defined as self-sufficient.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plantes en architecture"

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Barthélémy, Daniel. "Architecture et sexualité chez quelques plantes tropicales : le concept de floraison automatique." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20192.

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Ce travail analyse le mode de floraison de quelques plantes tropicales, herbacees et ligneuses, essentiellement originaires de guyane francaise. Il montre qu'au cours des differentes etapes qui jalonnent la vie d'une plante, la repartition des inflorescences est tres precise. La floraison n'apparait qu'apres l'acquisition par la plante d'un certain seuil de differenciation. Par la suite, la floraison devient plus abondante, et tend a occuper un nombre de sites croissant avec le developpement de l'organisme. Cet envahissement par la floraison traduit une evolution commune a toutes les especes etudiees. Partant de cette approche architecturale des plantes tropicales, la floraison est interpretee comme une etape du mouvement morphogenetique parcouru par la plante de la germination a la mort, et le concept de floraison automatique est propose
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Lemoine, Damien. "Fonctionnement hydrique du hêtre : architecture hydraulique et sensibilité à la cavitation." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0013_LEMOINE.pdf.

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A l'aide d'un fluxmètre haute pression (hpfm), nous avons déterminé la répartition des résistances hydrauliques dans les houppiers de hêtre. Nous avons observé un gradient de résistance dans les houppiers avec les plus fortes résistances dans les branches d'ombre. Ce gradient est fortement corrélé avec l'éclairement reçu par les branches au cours de leur croissance. C'est la structure morphologique (rameaux courts et rameaux longs) et anatomique (diamètre et densité des vaisseaux) des branches modulées par l'éclairement qui induisent ce gradient. Ainsi, nous avons montré que la taille réduite des vaisseaux et l'empilement des nœuds dans les branches d'ombre augmentaient les résistances hydrauliques. L'architecture hydraulique est acclimatée aux conditions microclimatiques et permet de soutenir la demande évaporatoire en limitant les risques de dysfonctionnement (cavitation et embolie). Lorsqu'il y a modification des conditions de croissance (contrainte hydrique, modification de l'éclairement), nous avons montré que des mécanismes de régulation et d'acclimatation se mettent en place. La régulation stomatique permet une réponse rapide et à court terme en limitant fortement les flux d'eau, alors que des modifications anatomiques (modification de la taille des vaisseaux et de la densité) permettent à l'arbre de s'acclimater aux nouvelles conditions de croissance. Cependant le système conducteur du hêtre est une structure vulnérable. Au cours de l'année, nous avons observé des phases de développement de l'embolie. Chaque hiver, l'embolie se développe progressivement suite à l'alternance de périodes de gel et de dégel et au cours de l'été lorsque s'installe une contrainte hydrique précoce et intense (cf. 1998). Une fois les vaisseaux emboisés, la conductivité hydraulique est réduite et chez le hêtre, elle n'est restaurée qu'au printemps suivant par la formation d'un nouveau cerne.
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Lauri, Pierre-Eric. "Architecture de l'arbre fruitier - de la morphologie des plantes à l'agronomie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377121.

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Mon activité de recherche, appuyée par l'encadrement d'étudiants, s'est développée autour d'une thématique centrale, l'analyse architecturale de l'arbre fruitier. Mes travaux, sur pommier essentiellement, ont tout d'abord montré l'intérêt de l'architecture comme outil de caractérisation de la variabilité génétique existante (cultivars). J'ai mis en évidence que les différences variétales de comportement architectural et fruitier pouvaient être bien expliquées par deux caractères discriminants non analysés jusque-là : la mortalité physiologique des rameaux, appelé phénomène d' « extinction », et l'aptitude au retour à fruit d'une année à la suivante sur le même rameau. Une relation positive a été mise en évidence entre ces deux phénomènes : les cultivars à forte extinction ont en général une forte aptitude au retour à fruit. Par ailleurs il a été montré que la longueur d'un rameau conditionne la probabilité de floraison terminale et, en cas de floraison, la taille de l'inflorescence et son aptitude à la nouaison. La succession temporelle des évènements joignant la formation d'un méristème à son fonctionnement pluri-annuel apparaît donc comme un système hautement intégré et à déterminisme précoce. Nos résultats suggèrent une régulation fonctionnelle et dynamique entre le nombre de bourgeons en croissance dans une architecture et leurs potentiels organogénétiques individuels. Ils nous ont conduit à formuler des hypothèses sur les effets de manipulations expérimentales (ex. taille, arcure) sur l'architecture de l'arbre entier (ex. durée et rythmicité de croissance, probabilité de floraison) et à les tester in horto. Ces travaux constituent la base de collaborations scientifiques pluridisciplinaires sur deux axes principaux. Le premier est l'analyse de l'impact de manipulations sur le climat lumineux intra-arbre et la contribution des différents types de rameaux à l'interception de la lumière. Le second est l'étude des relations entre architecture et ravageurs-maladies. Il permet de hiérarchiser les facteurs, directement ou indirectement liés à l'architecture, explicatifs du développement des bioagresseurs. Ces deux axes de recherche sont le moteur de mon implication dans différents programmes nationaux et internationaux, ainsi que dans des réseaux informels en France et à l'étranger. Mes travaux s'étendent à d'autres espèces, comme le manguier en collaboration avec le CIRAD où le couplage architecture(spatial)/phénologie(temporel) est approfondi. Mon programme scientifique actuel se recentre sur ce qui est à la base de l'édification architecturale de l'arbre, la croissance du rameau et la distribution et la nature de sa ramification axillaire. Il s'appuie sur des collaborations pluridisciplinaires. Dans une première phase la recherche porte sur des rameaux arqués. L'objectif est de mieux appréhender les mécanismes déterminant certains aspects de la ramification à l'interface entre biomécanique (ex. : contraintes liées à l'arcure) et hydraulique (ex. : lien entre conductance hydraulique des tissus xylémiens reliés au bourgeon et organogenèse). Des résultats récents permettent de formuler des hypothèses sur les rôles respectifs des effets mécaniques et environnementaux sur le patron de ramification observé.
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Barthélémy, Daniel. "Architecture et sexualité chez quelques plantes tropicales le concept de floraison automatique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376116145.

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Stephan, Jean. "Architecture 3D et microclimat lumineux de l'arbre." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21754.

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L'effet de deux méthodes de conduite contrastées (Central Leader vs. Conduite Centrifuge) est étudié sur trois cultivars de pommiers architecturalement distincts ; 'Scarletspur Delicious' , 'Golden Delicious' et 'Granny Smith'. Les arbres sont digitalisés en 3D en utilisant un outil électromagnétique à l'échelle des pousses deux fois en cours de première année et avant la récolte en deuxième année. Les pousses sont décrites et classifiées selon leur longueur et leur typologie (fructifères vs. Végétatives). Le bois porteur est également décrit en deuxième année en mettant l'accent sur la stratégie de taille (bois porteur taillé vs. Non taillé). Des expérimentations virtuelles sont réalisées à travers la reconstruction du feuillage, la création de maquettes 3D et la simulation de l'interception de la lumière, à l'échelle de l'arbre, des types de pousses et des pousses individuelles. Un modèle simplifié pour l'estimation de l'interception de la lumière par les arbres isolés est proposé, en utilisant des paramètres de structure du feuillage. La démographie et la séquence des pousses sont principalement affectées par le cultivar, avec une faible influence du mode de conduite. Une tendance similaire est observée à l'échelle de l'arbre pour les paramètres de structure du feuillage et de la lumière. La distribution spatiale des pousses et la densité de surface foliaire se différencient selon le mode de conduite. 'Scarletspur Delicious' est un arbre de forme réduite et compacte par rapport aux deux autres cultivars qui possèdent des arbres plus ouverts et plus grands. L'effet des systèmes de conduite se traduit par une plus grande proportion de pousses végétatives longues et réitérées (R-LVS) sur les arbres en Central Leader. Ces derniers présentent une distribution hétérogène de la surface foliaire et de l'interception de la lumière des deux types de pousses causées par les R-LVS qui augmentent l'ombrage mutuel des pousses. Ces différences varient en fonction des cultivars et sont plus tranchées chez Granny Smith. Les paramètres étudiés montrent que le système de conduite pourrait avoir un impact direct sur le développement et le positionnement spatial des pousses. Ceci affecte notablement la floraison et la production, même si la croissance et la structure de l'arbre dépendent essentiellement du cultivar
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Morin, Nathalie. "Les Microcodium : architecture, structure et composition, comparaison avec les racines calcifiées." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20025.

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Les microcodium sont des fossiles calcaires, arborescents, de dimension millimetrique, dont la nature n'est toujours pas etablie avec certitude. Ces fossiles correspondent aux restes d'etres vivants souterrains endolithes, qui apparaissent au campanien et semblent s'eteindre au pliocene. Recemment, plusieurs auteurs ont decrit dans des sols actuels des racines calcifiees de structure comparable a celle des microcodium. Ce travail a pour objectif de comparer l'architecture, la structure et la composition des microcodium et des racines calcifiees actuelles, afin de tester l'hypothese d'une origine racinaire des microcodium. Les principaux resultats acquis consistent en la mise en evidence chez les microcodium de ramifications de type lateral monopodial en la mise en evidence de la presence systematique de stries d'accroissement au sein des prismes constitutifs, et en l'analyse de la composition isotopique des carbonates constitutifs. La comparaison avec les racines calcifiees actuelles montre que les microcodium consistent tres probablement en des racines de vegetaux superieurs, mais appartenant a un groupe fossile disparu actuellement. Differents elements suggerent qu'il pourrait s'agir d'un groupe apparente aux premieres monocotyledones
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Cremers, Georges. "Architecture végétative et structure inflorescentielle de quelques melastomaceae guyanaises /." Paris : ORSTOM, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34908935j.

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Preuksakarn, Chakkrit. "Reconstructing plant architecture from 3D laser scanner data." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20116/document.

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Les modèles virtuels de plantes sont visuellement de plus en plus réalistes dans les applications infographiques. Cependant, dans le contexte de la biologie et l'agronomie, l'acquisition de modèles précis de plantes réelles reste un problème majeur pour la construction de modèles quantitatifs du développement des plantes.Récemment, des scanners laser 3D permettent d'acquérir des images 3D avec pour chaque pixel une profondeur correspondant à la distance entre le scanner et la surface de l'objet visé. Cependant, une plante est généralement un ensemble important de petites surfaces sur lesquelles les méthodes classiques de reconstruction échouent. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une méthode pour reconstruire des modèles virtuels de plantes à partir de scans laser. Mesurer des plantes avec un scanner laser produit des données avec différents niveaux de précision. Les scans sont généralement denses sur la surface des branches principales mais recouvrent avec peu de points les branches fines. Le cœur de notre méthode est de créer itérativement un squelette de la structure de la plante en fonction de la densité locale de points. Pour cela, une méthode localement adaptative a été développée qui combine une phase de contraction et un algorithme de suivi de points.Nous présentons également une procédure d'évaluation quantitative pour comparer nos reconstructions avec des structures reconstruites par des experts de plantes réelles. Pour cela, nous explorons d'abord l'utilisation d'une distance d'édition entre arborescence. Finalement, nous formalisons la comparaison sous forme d'un problème d'assignation pour trouver le meilleur appariement entre deux structures et quantifier leurs différences
In the last decade, very realistic rendering of plant architectures have been produced in computer graphics applications. However, in the context of biology and agronomy, acquisition of accurate models of real plants is still a tedious task and a major bottleneck for the construction of quantitative models of plant development. Recently, 3D laser scanners made it possible to acquire 3D images on which each pixel has an associate depth corresponding to the distance between the scanner and the pinpointed surface of the object. Standard geometrical reconstructions fail on plants structures as they usually contain a complex set of discontinuous or branching surfaces distributed in space with varying orientations. In this thesis, we present a method for reconstructing virtual models of plants from laser scanning of real-world vegetation. Measuring plants with laser scanners produces data with different levels of precision. Points set are usually dense on the surface of the main branches, but only sparsely cover thin branches. The core of our method is to iteratively create the skeletal structure of the plant according to local density of point set. This is achieved thanks to a method that locally adapts to the levels of precision of the data by combining a contraction phase and a local point tracking algorithm. In addition, we present a quantitative evaluation procedure to compare our reconstructions against expertised structures of real plants. For this, we first explore the use of an edit distance between tree graphs. Alternatively, we formalize the comparison as an assignment problem to find the best matching between the two structures and quantify their differences
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Charpentier, Anne. "Biologie des populations d'une espèce clonale : architecture et fonctionnement clonal chez "Scirpus maritimus" dans les marais temporaires méditerranéens du sud de la France." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20040.

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Louarn, Gaëtan. "Analyse et modélisation de l'organogenèse et de l'architecture du rameau de vigne (Vitis vinifera L. )." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0024.

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La structure du couvert végétal joue un rôle primordial dans l'élaboration du rendement et de la qualité en viticulture. Très variable entre couples Cépage x Mode de conduite (C x MDC), elle résulte d'interactions complexes entre le développement végétatif des rameaux, leurs propriétés mécaniques et les interventions culturales du viticulteur. Dans la perspective de modéliser de façon dynamique l'évolution de cette structure en réponse aux principales variables de l'environnement (température, rayonnement, état hydrique du sol), notre étude s'est focalisée sur deux points centraux dans cette thématique : (i) l'analyse et la modélisation de l'organogenèse du rameau de vigne en absence de contrainte hydrique et minérale pour deux génotypes d'architecture contrastés (Grenache N. Et Syrah), et (ii) l'analyse et la modélisation de la répartition dans l'espace des organes foliaires pour une large gamme mode de conduite de ces deux cépages. Le premier volet de l'étude s'appuie sur une série d'expérimentations réalisées sur des vignes ne portant qu'un seul rameau et cultivées en pot en conditions d'alimentation minérale et hydrique non limitantes. Dans un premier temps l'organogenèse potentielle de l'axe I et des axes II a été caractérisée sur des rameaux non taillés et sans grappe. Dans un second temps, les effets du niveau de la charge en fruit et de la taille en vert de l'axe principal (écimage) sur l'organogenèse ont été pris en considération. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le développement de l'axe primaire n'est pas affecté par les traitements étudiés et ne diffère pas entre cépages. En revanche, le développement des ramifications secondaires, déterminant principal de la surface foliaire chez la vigne, présente une variabilité significative entre génotypes. Ces différences de répartition de la surface foliaire secondaire ont été reliées aux différences de vitesses de développement des axes. Par ailleurs nous montrons que l'écimage de l'axe principal affecte de façon marquée le développement potentiel de tous les axes secondaires conservés et que dans une situation d'écimage standard la surface foliaire mise en place n'est au final pas significativement affectée. Enfin, le niveau de la charge en fruit présente des effets quantitativement moins marqués sur l'organogenèse. Seules les ramifications à proximité immédiate de la grappe sont affectées de façon significative pour les charges en fruits les plus élevées. Les origines biologiques et les implications agronomiques de ces phénomènes sont discutées. Le second volet de l'étude est consacré à la description et à la validation d'un modèle architectural stochastique permettant de reconstruire les couverts de vigne de couples Cépage x Mode De Conduite contrastés. Ce modèle conçoit le couvert comme l'agrégation de " nuages de feuilles " décrits à l'échelle du rameau. La forme de l'enveloppe du rameau est décrite au moyen d'un jeu simplifié de paramètres. Le nombre et la surface des feuilles sont pour l'heure une entrée du modèle. La paramétrisation de ce modèle a été entreprise au vignoble pour différents couples C x MDC et une validation a été effectuée a partir d'un nombre restreint de situations contrastées. Les possibilités de connections de ce modèle architectural avec un modèle de développement et de croissance du rameau ainsi que les perspectives d'applications agronomique d'un tel outil sont discutées
In viticulture, plant canopy structure plays a key role in detennining yield and quality. Highly variable from one pair Genotype x Training Systeme (G x TS) to another, it results from complex interactions between vegetative growth of the shoots, bearing properties of the genotype and farming practices of the wine-grower. In order to model vine canopy structure development in response to environmental factors (temperature, light, water supply) this study focused on two key points : (i) the analysis and modelling of shoot organogenesis for irrigated / fertilized vines (Cv. Grenache N. Am Syrah) and (ii) the analysis and modelling of spatial distribution of leaf area for a wide range of G x TS pairs. The first part of the study relied on several experiments carried out in pots where vines were thinned to one vertically trellised shoot per pot, irrigated daily and fertilized monthly. As a first step, standard organogenesis of the primary and secondary axis of the shoot were characterised on shoots whose bunches were removed as soon as they appeared. As a second step, the effects of fruit load and hedging on organogenesis of primary and secondary axis were quantified relatively to the standard. Our results show that primary axis development is not significantly different between genotypes and is not reduced when ftuit are not removed. On the other hand, secondary axis development is significantly different between genotypes. Concomitant differenees in distribution of secondary leaf area along the primary axis have been linked to differences in rate of leaf emergence on the secondary axis. Furthermore, we show that hedging strongly reduces the total amount of leaf produced at the shoot scale but didn't significantly affect total leaf area. Finally, it was also shown for the range of fruit load studied that keeping fruits reduces organogenesis of secondary axis but not organogenesis of primary axis. Branches doser to the bunches were more affected. Biological origin and agronomical repercussions of observed phenomena are discussed. The second part of the study dealt with the description and validation of a stochastic reconstruction model enabling dynamic modelling of contrasted vine canopy structures. This model considers canopy as the aggregation of "clouds of leaves" described at the shoot scale. The shape of the external envelope of the sooot depends on a simplified set of parameters. For this study, the number and mean surface area of leaves were model inputs. Model parameterisation was undertaken in experimental vineyards for eight G x TS pairs. Validation was successfully carried out on a sample of four contrasted G x TS pairs. Possibilities for connection of this reconstruction model with a dynamic model of shoot growth are discussed as are the agronomical applications of such a tool
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Books on the topic "Plantes en architecture"

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Lord, Tony. L'encyclopédie des harmonies végétales: L'art d'associer les plantes : 4000 combinaisons pour plus de 1000 plantes. Paris: Octopus, 2005.

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Julian, Lee. Landscape plants of Arabia. London: Gilgamesh Publishing, 2013.

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Hassell, Cath. Green roofs. Edited by Coombes Ben, Carwardine Helen, Butcher Ken, and Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. London: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, 2007.

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Architectes, Bernard Tschumi Urbanistes. Architecture zoo: [Parc zoologique de Paris]. Paris: Somogy, 2014.

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Huntington, Lucy. Un jardin sans allergies. Paris: Eyrolles, 2006.

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Taylor, Gordon. Gardens of obsession: Eccentric and extravagant visions. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999.

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Lord, Tony. Encyclopedia of planting combinations: Over 4,000 color and planting schemes. Richmond Hill, Ont: Firefly Books, 2012.

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S, Dougherty Holly, ed. Herbs in bloom: A guide to growing herbs as ornamental plants. Portland, Or: Timber Press, 1998.

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Le, Boudec Bertrand, ed. Waterscapes: El tratamiento de aguas residuales mediante sistemas vegetales = using plant systems to treat wastewater. Barcelona: G. Gili, 2003.

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Daures, Jean-François. Architecture végétale. Paris: Eyrolles, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plantes en architecture"

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Scarfo, Bob. "Planes." In Landscape Architecture as Storytelling, 100–136. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003286981-6.

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Winkler, Erhard M. "Stone Decay by Plants and Animals." In Stone in Architecture, 218–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10070-7_8.

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Shankar, Vinay, Amanso Tayang, and Heikham Evelin. "Mechanisms of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Induced Drought Stress Amelioration in Plants." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Higher Plants, 149–75. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8220-2_7.

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AbstractDrought stress is a global problem affecting society, economy, and the environment. The foremost and worst affected sector impacted by drought is the agriculture sector, thus threatening food security. Hence, it is imperative that we adopt methods that impart drought tolerance to plants. One such approach is the inoculation of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as it is economical, environment friendly, and sustainable. AMF are soil-dwelling symbiotic fungi that impart drought tolerance to many plants. In this article, we have discussed the recent findings of AMF-induced adaptive strategies of plants in overcoming drought stress. These strategies include modifications in the host plant’s structure (leaf and root architecture), biochemistry (such as accumulation of osmolytes), and physiology (acquisition of water and nutrients, chlorophyll synthesis, hormone signaling). The article has also identified and presented gaps in research, the unraveling of which can improve our knowledge of mechanisms of drought tolerance brought about by AMF colonization.
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Almusaed, Amjad. "Introduction on Plants and Vegetations." In Biophilic and Bioclimatic Architecture, 47–83. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-534-7_5.

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Steudle, Ernst. "Hydraulic Architecture of Vascular Plants." In Plant Desiccation Tolerance, 185–207. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19106-0_10.

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Almusaed, Amjad. "Plants, Oxygen and Human Life Benefits." In Biophilic and Bioclimatic Architecture, 159–65. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-534-7_12.

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Kolev, Vesselin, Abraham Aserin, and Nissim Garti. "Dividing Planes of Hexagonal HIIMesophase." In Self-Assembled Supramolecular Architectures, 79–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336632.ch3.

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Born, Larissa, Florian A. Jonas, Katharina Bunk, Tom Masselter, Thomas Speck, Jan Knippers, and Götz T. Gresser. "Branched Structures in Plants and Architecture." In Biomimetic Research for Architecture and Building Construction, 195–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46374-2_10.

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Poppinga, Simon, Axel Körner, Renate Sachse, Larissa Born, Anna Westermeier, Linnea Hesse, Jan Knippers, Manfred Bischoff, Götz T. Gresser, and Thomas Speck. "Compliant Mechanisms in Plants and Architecture." In Biomimetic Research for Architecture and Building Construction, 169–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46374-2_9.

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Tyree, Melvin T., and Frank W. Ewers. "Hydraulic Architecture of Woody Tropical Plants." In Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology, 217–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1163-8_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plantes en architecture"

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Yu, Bo Yang, Tomonori Honda, Syed Zubair, Mostafa H. Sharqawy, and Maria C. Yang. "Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization for Large-Scale Reverse Osmosis Systems." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35032.

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Large-scale desalination plants are complex systems with many inter-disciplinary interactions and different levels of sub-system hierarchy. Advanced complex systems design tools have been shown to have a positive impact on design in aerospace and automotive, but have generally not been used in the design of water systems. This work presents a multi-disciplinary design optimization approach to desalination system design to minimize the total water production cost of a 30,000m3/day capacity reverse osmosis plant situated in the Middle East, with a focus on comparing monolithic with distributed optimization architectures. A hierarchical multi-disciplinary model is constructed to capture the entire system’s functional components and subsystem interactions. Three different multi-disciplinary design optimization (MDO) architectures are then compared to find the optimal plant design that minimizes total water cost. The architectures include the monolithic architecture multidisciplinary feasible (MDF), individual disciplinary feasible (IDF) and the distributed architecture analytical target cascading (ATC). The results demonstrate that an MDF architecture was the most efficient for finding the optimal design, while a distributed MDO approach such as analytical target cascading is also a suitable approach for optimal design of desalination plants, but optimization performance may depend on initial conditions.
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Sleiti, Ahmad K., Jayanta S. Kapat, Ladislav Vesely, and Mohammed Al-Khawaja. "Digital Twin for Power Plants, Energy Savings and other Complex Engineering Systems." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0003.

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Digital Twin (DT) is a digital representation of a machine, service, or production system that consists of models, information, and data used to characterize properties, conditions, and behavior of the system. Renewable energy integration will make future power plants more complex with addition of varieties of Power-to-X technologies, Electrolysis to green hydrogen, onsite storage and transport of hydrogen, and use of pure or blended hydrogen, etc. These future power plants need robust DT architecture to achieve high Reliability, Availability and Maintainability at lower cost. In this research work, a comprehensive and robust DT architecture for power plants is proposed that also can be implemented in other similar complex capital-intensive large engineering systems. The novelty and advantages of the proposed DT is asserted by reviewing the state-of-the-art of DT in energy industries and its potential to transform these industries. Then the proposed DT architecture and its five components are explained and discussed. More specifically, the main contributions of the present work include: 1. Overview of DT key research and development for energy savings applications to consider important findings, research gaps and the needed future development for the proposed DT for power plants. 2. Overview of DT key research for power plants including applications, frameworks and architectures to consider important findings and to confirm the novelty and robustness of the proposed DT. 3. Proposing and demonstrating new robust DT architecture for power plants and other similar complex capital-intensive large engineering systems.
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Sobchinskij, A. I., M. G. Zharkova, A. V. Olshevskaya, and V. S. Chegge. "MAIN TRENDS OF FORMATION OF WASTE PROCESSING PLANTS. DIGITALIZATION AND AUTOMATION IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.311-316.

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The project distinguishes specific of industrial architecture and particularly waste recycling plants. Evoluted tendentions of form-creating, common to this kind of structures, further instruments to attain architectural expression, constructive robustness, energy efficiency, economical practicality and ergonomic accommodation. Based on the results of the analysis of the process and principles of shaping this type of structures, the possibility of design automation is described.
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Despland-Lichtert, Noémie. "Places & Plants: Exploring Weeds And Other Self-Seeded Plants As Architectural Forensics." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.33.

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While much of contemporary architectural discourse around plants tends to focus on their aesthetic aspects, origins, and potential uses—such as to provide ornament, drought- resistance and/or cooling, etc.—self-seeded plants, weeds and other undesirables tend to be less of a direct subject of interest and object of study within the discipline.This paper proposes an alternative relationship between architecture and plants, in which urban and self-seeded flora are used as forensic material and studied as evidence of urban change, spatial politics and movements of people, ideas, and construction materials. For example, it looks at seeds traveling with construction materials, or under trains, as well as plants resurfacing as a consequence of bulldozed or demolished sites. The research argues that plants, rather than simply a soft landscape material counterpoint to the concrete reality of building, can be used to study the resilience of landscapes and uncover site-specific histories. Specifically, the paper introduces a series of case studies by describing participatory workshops hosted in Canada, the United States, and Germany developing a methodology for fieldwork, community engagement, and oral history through carefully investigating a chosen site and its weeds. The methodology also serves to question the so-called“vacant” and “abandoned” nature of the chosen site within the larger context & discourse about public revitalization and other gentrification endeavors. By reframing weeds as valid and worthy of interest, this paper contests the devitalized or under-vitalized nature of chosen sites by opening conversations around social, public, and environmental interactions at large. Ultimately, this presentation also explores a range of discursive models to complexify revitalization discourse, articulating a nascent model for public engagement with architecture and site-specific histories through urban botany.
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Schibuola, L., S. Martini, M. Scarpa, and C. Tambani. "Towards near zero energy dwellings by heat pump implementation in HVAC plants." In ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/arc120261.

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Santalla Blanco, Luis Manuel. "Propuesta de mejora de los indicadores de calidad de la enseñanza de la arquitectura." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura. Grup per a la Innovació i la Logística Docent en l'Arquitectura (GILDA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2023.12356.

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In response to the lack of specific indicators for architectural education, the text proposes the exploration of new indicators using a graphical method. The methodology involves gathering data from architecture students and professionals and encoding this information to create graphical diagnostic tools. Over 1,200 in-person interviews with students and online surveys of architecture professionals have been conducted, and new indicators have been introduced. These indicators are assigned average values based on the obtained results, which will serve as a reference for future applications and previous studies aiming to reform existing curriculum plans. By implementing this evaluation system, it becomes possible to make comparisons among different schools and generations of students. It also facilitates the alignment of education with the self-assessments provided by architecture professionals. This approach addresses the need for comprehensive assessment tools in architectural education and offers valuable insights for curriculum development and improvement. Ante la falta de indicadores propios de la enseñanza de la arquitectura, se plantea la búsqueda de nuevos indicadores, y para ello se utiliza un método gráfico. La metodología se basa en la recopilación de datos de estudiantes y profesionales de arquitectura y en su codificación para elaborar métodos gráficos de diagnóstico. Se han realizado entrevistas en persona a más de 1.200 estudiantes, encuestas en línea a profesionales de la arquitectura y se han propuesto nuevos indicadores, a los cuales se les ha asignado un valor medio basado en los resultados obtenidos, que servirá de comparativa para futuras aplicaciones y estudios previos que planteen reformas sobre los planes de estudios existentes. Con la implantación de este sistema de evaluación, se permite obtener una comparativa entre diferentes escuelas, y entre diferentes generaciones de estudiantes, así como orientar adecuadamente la formación en función de las autoevaluaciones realizadas por profesionales de la arquitectura.
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Jelić, Tamara, Gordan Konečni, Predrag Ilić, Goran Jakupović, Zlatko Mitrović, Danilo Lalović, Ljubodrag Josipović, Mileta Đurković, Dragan Surudžić, and Danilo Komatina. "ARHITEKTURA NOVOG CENTRALNOG DISPEČERSKOG SISTEMA (CDS) EPS-A." In 35. Savetovanje Srpskog nacionalnog komiteta Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže. Srpski nacionalni komitet Međunarodnog saveta za velike električne mreže CIGRE Srbija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/cigre35.1331j.

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This paper will present the architecture of the new central dispatch system (CDS) of EPS. Specifically, an overview of logical units and logical architectures will be given first. The physical network architectures of the system will then be presented. CDS provides the following basic functionalities: real-time information collection on basic generator data, generator groups and auxiliary parameters based on power plant types; redundant two-way real-time communication with power plants; collection and presentation of production values at individual levels of power plants, types of power plants and selection review of EPS; automatic remote control of active power of production units (Production Management Sistem - SUP); manual assignment of active power of production blocks from CDS; user interface for dispatchers for displaying current processes and command values from directly connected power plants in real time; an alarm module for notifying the dispatcher of important events; integration with other systems, primarily with the central planning system (CPS); operational report system. Finally, conclusions and directions for further development of CDS will be given.
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Teixeira, Paulo Gabriel, Bruno Gabriel Araújo Lebtag, Luma Wanderley de Oliveira, Sérgio Teixeira de Carvalho, Ernesto Fonseca Veiga, and Cleomar De Sousa Rocha. "Modeling and Simulation of a Smart Street Lighting System." In I Workshop em Modelagem e Simulação de Sistemas Intensivos em Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/mssis.2019.7558.

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Smart cities comprise highly dynamic, complex and softwareintensive systems planned and created to cope with problems inherent to the increasing world population, such as need for life quality in cities, intense traffic, and sustainability. Owing to such complexity and dynamics, static notations, such as Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Systems Modeling Language (SysML), are often unable to support a precise conception, planning and design of those smart cities. In turn, the combination of traditional modeling and simulation (M&S) could leverage the design of such systems by enabling the analysis of both structure and behavior aspects still at design-time. The main contribution of this paper is offering evidence to support the premise of M&S be a promising paradigm for software engineering, including in smart cities domain. We report findings on a study carried out for assessing, via M&S, two architectures for a Public Street Lighting System (PSLS) of a smart city. The first architecture uses a hub as intermediator between luminaries and PSLS. The second architecture uses software-intensive luminaries connected to the PSLS using publish/subscribe architectural style. Preliminary results show that the publish/subscribe architecture delivers a greater degree of correctness than the former. Additionally, we conjecture that the adoption of M&S can foster the identification of smart cities behaviors and the identification of, at design-time, properties that could be noticed only after the system has been already deployed.
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Karcı, Ahenk, and Ayşe Kalaycı Önaç. "Evaluation of User Experience of Indoor Display in Virtual Reality (VR)." In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.052.

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Housing is one of the most essential needs of humanity since the beginning of existence. The discipline of architecture has emerged and developed based on this need and has continued to evolve with the advancement of civilization and technology. When looking at the history of architecture, it can be seen that the visualization of architectural design has a long history. Nowadays, with the parallel development of computer technologies, architectural visualization techniques have also greatly advanced. Virtual reality (VR) technology is used in many sectors such as education, health, and entertainment today. The discipline of architecture enables designers to visualize their designs in a realistic way. Especially in the architecture field, where isualization is very important, the use of this technology is crucial in increasing the realism of the user's experience in the design phase. VR is a developing and wide-spreading technology in the field of architecture these days. Although there are studies on this subject in literature, studies which are examining the effect of VR technology in architectural visuals on people's sense of reality and feelings about the VR experience are limited. The aim of this study is to help fill the gap in this subject of iterature. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the experience and reality sense of architectural design visuals’ aterials, light and shadow, outdoor view, indoor plants, furniture, objects, and participants’ feelings of provide through the use of virtual reality (VR). In this context, the use of VR technology in architecture was examined first. Later, a three-dimensional interior space environment designed was visualized using computer techniques and experienced by users through a VR headset. In the study, the participant's feelings about the VR experience and their thoughts on the realism of the experience were revealed through the prepared survey questions.
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Karcı, Ahenk, and Ayşe Kalaycı Önaç. "Evaluation of User Experience of Indoor Display in Virtual Reality (VR)." In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.052.

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Housing is one of the most essential needs of humanity since the beginning of existence. The discipline of architecture has emerged and developed based on this need and has continued to evolve with the advancement of civilization and technology. When looking at the history of architecture, it can be seen that the visualization of architectural design has a long history. Nowadays, with the parallel development of computer technologies, architectural visualization techniques have also greatly advanced. Virtual reality (VR) technology is used in many sectors such as education, health, and entertainment today. The discipline of architecture enables designers to visualize their designs in a realistic way. Especially in the architecture field, where isualization is very important, the use of this technology is crucial in increasing the realism of the user's experience in the design phase. VR is a developing and wide-spreading technology in the field of architecture these days. Although there are studies on this subject in literature, studies which are examining the effect of VR technology in architectural visuals on people's sense of reality and feelings about the VR experience are limited. The aim of this study is to help fill the gap in this subject of iterature. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the experience and reality sense of architectural design visuals’ aterials, light and shadow, outdoor view, indoor plants, furniture, objects, and participants’ feelings of provide through the use of virtual reality (VR). In this context, the use of VR technology in architecture was examined first. Later, a three-dimensional interior space environment designed was visualized using computer techniques and experienced by users through a VR headset. In the study, the participant's feelings about the VR experience and their thoughts on the realism of the experience were revealed through the prepared survey questions.
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Reports on the topic "Plantes en architecture"

1

Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Siobhan M. Brady. Mechanisms underlying root system architecture adaptation to low phosphate environment. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600024.bard.

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In order to advance our understanding towards potential biotechnology improvement of plant performance, we studied root responses to limited P in two different plants, Arabidopsis and tomato. Arabidopsis is among the most studied model plants that allows rapid application of molecular and developmental experiments while tomato is an important crop, with application in agriculture. Using Arabidopsis we found that steroid hormones modulate the extent of root elongation in response to limited P, by controlling the accumulation of iron in the root. We also found that the availability of P and iron control the activity of the steroid hormone in the root. Finally, we revealed the genes involved in this nutrient-hormone interaction. Hence, the ferroxidase LPR1 that promotes iron accumulation in response to low P is repressed by the transcription factor BES1/BZR1. Low P inhibits the steroid hormone pathway by enhancing the accumulation of BKI1. High levels of BKI1 inhibit the activity of the steroid hormone receptor at the cell surface and iron accumulation increases inside the root, resulting in a slow growth. Together, the extent of root elongation depends on interactions between an internal cue (steroid hormone) and cues derived from the availability of P and iron in the environment. Using tomato, we found that the response of two cultivated tomato varieties (M82 and New Yorker) to limited P is distinct from that of the wild species, Solanumpennellii. This is implicated at both the levels of root development and whole plant physiology. Specifically, while the root system architecture of cultivated tomato is modulated by limited P availability, that of the wild type species remained unaffected. The wild species appears to be always behaving as if it is always in phosphate deprived conditions, despite sufficient levels of phosphate. Hyper-accumulation of metals appears to mediate this response. Together, this knowledge will be used to isolate new genes controlling plant adaptation to limited P environment.
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Waisel, Yoav, Bobbie McMichael, and Amram Eshel. Decision Making within Plant Root Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613030.bard.

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Architecture of a root system is the expression of the potential of various root types to branch, to grow and to coordinate with other plant organs, under the specific limitations of the environmental conditions. The present investigation has proven the following points. 1) Genotypes with different types of root systems were identified. The growth patterns of their roots and the distribution of laterals along their main axes were recorded. 2) The patterns of development of the root systems of four cotton genotypes, throughout the entire life cycle of the plants, were described, even at such a late stage of development when the total length of the roots exceeded two kilometers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an analysis of this type is accomplished. 3) The development of root systems under restrictive soil conditions were compared with those that have developed under the non-restrictive conditions of aeroponics. Results indicate that in the absence of the mechanical impedance of the soil, cotton plants develop single roots that reach the length of 6 m, and have a total root length of 2000 m. Thus, root growth is strongly inhibited by the soil, with some root types being inhibited more than others. 4) One of the important decisions, in constructing an operational root system architecture of mature plants, is the shift of the balance between various root fractions in favor of the very fine roots. 5) Root system architecture is determined, in part, by the sites of initiation of the lateral roots. This is determined genetically by the number of xylem archs and by the totuosity of the stele. Selection for such traits should be sought.
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Frost, D., S. Bryant, and M. Bocci, eds. MPLS Transport Profile Data Plane Architecture. RFC Editor, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5960.

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Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Shaping plant architecture by age dependent programs: implications for food, feed and biofuel. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597922.bard.

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Age dependent programs are responsible for the physiological and developmental differences of young and mature plants. These include a range of morphological characters such as leaf shape and leaf composition (waxes, lignin etc..) but also different in developmental potentials. Apical buds of juvenile plants are vegetative, while those of mature plants can be reproductive. Likewise, basal buds form in the axills of juvenile leaves have different fates than distal buds formed in the axils of mature leaves. The goal of our joint project is to understand and exploit theses age related programs for specific improvement of crop plants. To that end both the WIS group and the PGEC group are using mutants with age related defects as well as modified expression of miR156 to modify age related programs in crop plants- Tomato and potato in Israel and Maize, switchgrass and Brchipodium in the US. In the US, major effort were made to: Characterize the contribution of selected miR156 target genes to yield component traits of maize. Functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets in new crop plants. In Israel, the research progressed in several directions: Understanding the interplay between age dependent programs and the potential of tomato and potato meristems to produce tubers. Evaluation of the agronomic value of mutants that alter flowering regime in side shoots in general, and in the sympodial buds in particular Characterization of wild type axillary buds, comparing shoot ontogeny of gradually maturing apices from basal and distal positions along the main shoot of tomato.
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Hovy, Eduard, Julia Lavid, Vibhu Mittal, and Cecile Paris. Employing Knowledge Resources in a New Text Planner Architecture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada278642.

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Gao, Jun, Peter Steenkiste, Eduardo Takahashi, and Allan Fisher. A Programmable Router Architecture Supporting Control Plane Extensibility. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377107.

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Eshed, Y., and Z. B. Lippman. Fine tuning the shoot and inflorescence architectures for improved tomato yield. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134148.bard.

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In this project, we are determining the contribution of different types of variations, in gene function and in gene regulation, to altered shoot architecture first, and to field performance in the next stage. We are using tomato as a target, but also as a model for many other crops. Our focus is on two different components of yield associated traits - shoot architecture and organization of the inflorescence. Our focus was on two types of regulators; 1) genes involved in florigen - antiflogen balance and the way they impact the shoot, and 2) genes involved in inflorescence branching and it this way, the way they impact the number of flowers produced by the plant. For the first class, we described our thoughts on that matter in a joint review (Eshed and Lippman, 2019) where we argued that annualization of short-lived vine plants such as tomato and soybean was their major adaptation for intensive modern farming. This annualization was achieved by introduction of mutations in the anti florigen gene SELFPRUNING, mutations that were also used to domesticate/adapt cotton, roses, strawberries and more (Eshed and Lippman, 2019). Indeed, introduction of this mutation and additional one in another antifloraigen gene SP5G into a vine type tomatoes resulted in compact, early yielding plants suitable for urban agriculture (Kwon et al., 2020 - please note that Yossi Capua, a former graduate student from the Eshed group is a coauthor of this study). The other side of this project, customized generation of large branched inflorescences, relied on ongoing collaboration between the two labs on genes like S and genes of the SEP clade, J2 and EJ2. We first showed that highly branched j2 ej2 inflorescences can be quantitatively modified by introduction of either null or naturally weak alleles of the TM3/STM3 gene cluster (Alonge et al., 2020). We next showed that variation in inflorescence branching can be obtained by customized interreference in selected promoter motifs of S, a gene that is otherwise essential at the seed stage (Hendelamn et al., 2021). Overall, our joint project provided some prime examples for targeted use of genome editing for the formation of valuable alleles that can either improve modern crops or, significantly, open the door for rapid "domestication" of orphan crops
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Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Exploring General and Specific Regulators of Phase Transitions for Crop Improvement. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699851.bard.

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The transition of plants from a juvenile to adult growth phase entails a wide range of changes in growth habit, physiological competence and composition. Strikingly, most of these changes are coordinated by the expression of a single regulator, micro RNA 156 (miR156) that coordinately regulates a family of SBP genes containing a miR156 recognition site in the coding region or in their 3’ UTR. In the framework of this research, we have taken a broad taxonomic approach to examine the role of miR156 and other genetic regulators in phase change transition and its implication to plant development and crop improvement. We set to: Determine the common and unique factors that are altered upon juvenile to adult phase transition. Determine the functions of select miR156 target genes in tomato and maize, and identify those targets that mediate phase transition. Characterize the role of miR172 and its targets in tomato phase change. Determine the relationships between the various molecular circuits directing phase change. Determine the effects of regulated manipulation of phase change genes on plant architecture and if applicable, productivity. In the course of the study, a new technology for gene expression was introduced – next generation sequencing (NGS). Hence some of the original experiments that were planned with other platforms of RNA profiling, primarily Affymetrix arrays, were substituted with the new technology. Yet, not all were fully completed. Moreover, once the initial stage was completed, each group chose to focus its efforts on specific components of the phase change program. The Israeli group focused on the roles of the DELAYED SYMPODIAL TERMINATION and FALSIFLORA factors in tomato age dependent programs whereas the US group characterized in detail the role of miR156 (also termed Cg) in other grasses and in maize, its interplay with the many genes encoding miR172.
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Adams, Susan S., Robert J. Bruneau, Nicholas Jacobs, Nicole Murchison, Daniel Ray Sandoval, and Bibiana Elisabeth Seng. Enhancing Power Plant Safety through Coupling Plant Simulators to Cyber Digital Architecture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1484584.

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Aguinis, Marcos, Salomón Lerner, and Darío Ruíz Gómez. The Essential Role of Ethics in the Developmen of Latin America: Convictions That Sabotage Progress: The Difficulty of Telling the Truth. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007951.

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Salomón Lerner (1944-), Peruvian philosopher, Rector of Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (1994-2004), Angel Escobar Jurado National Human Rights Award (2003). Marcos Aguinis (1935-), Argentine physician, former Minister of Culture in Argentina, Planeta Prize (Spain), Grand Prize of Honor by the Argentine Society of Writers. Darío Ruiz Gómez (1935-), Colombian art and literary critic, former Professor of Architecture in Medellín, published four books of poetry and five books of short stories.
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