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1
Degnet, Mohammed B., Edwin van der Werf, Verina Ingram, and Justus H. H. Wesseler. "Do Locals Have a Say? Community Experiences of Participation in Governing Forest Plantations in Tanzania." Forests 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070782.
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As large-scale forest plantations expand in developing countries, concerns are rising about their relation to and integration with adjacent local communities. In developing countries with weak enforcement of property rights, private plantations are more likely than state-owned plantations to involve villagers in plantation’s activities in order to secure and guarantee their access to land and labor resources. Certification standards of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and adherence to responsible investment guidelines further strengthen this likelihood by requiring plantations to consult and engage local communities. Using household data from Tanzania, we assess households’ experiences with their participation in plantation activities by comparing the experiences of households in villages adjacent to private, FSC-certified plantations with those of households in villages adjacent to a non-certified, state-owned plantation. Our quantitative analyses show that households in the villages adjacent to the private, certified plantations are more likely to report to participate in plantation activities. Our results show that the certified plantations are more likely to respond to community complaints and grievances. We further find that male-headed households and households of plantation employees are more likely than female-headed households and households without plantation employees to participate in plantations’ activities. Our results imply that forest management certification can complement state policy approaches of sustainable forest management to enhance community participation in forest management.
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Ahmad, Mustaqeem, Indu Choudhary, Vikrant Jaryant, and Sanjay Uniyal. "Vegetation and Soil Characteristics of Plantations in a Part of Western Himalaya." Indian Journal of Forestry 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-0s3e31.
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Recognizing the role of plantations in bioresource conservation, four plantations namely Department of Non-renewable Energy Sources (DNES), Eucalyptus, Rose, and Tea were surveyed and sampled in a part of Western Himalaya. Total of 96 plant species belonging to 52 families were recorded from the plantations. Poaceae, Asteraceae and Rosaceae were the dominant families while seven species namely Bidens pilosa, Clinopodium vulgare, Erigeron annuus, Euphorbia heterophylla, Eupatorium adenophorum, Oxalis corniculata, and Pouzolzia zeylanica were common to all the plantations. Maximum tree density was recorded in DNES plantation (36.63±28.10/100m2), while maximum shrub density was in Tea plantation (20.50±2.10/25 m2). Rose plantation, on the other hand, had the highest herb density (210.83±57.30/m2). Tree (2.547) and shrub diversity (2.382) was highest in DNES, while the herb diversity was highest (2.594) in Tea plantation. The pH of the soil from these plantations 4.37 in Tea plantation to 4.77 in Rose plantation. Amongst the four plantations, maximum similarity was between DNES and Eucalyptus plantations (22%) and added together the four plantations account for 3% of the Flora of Himachal Pradesh.
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Ovi Vensus Hamubaon Samosir. "EXPANSION TREND: INDONESIA'S PALM OIL SECTOR GOVERNMENT PLANTATION HEADING FOR EXTINCTION." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v7i1.5102.
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Palm Oil plantations in Indonesia are experiencing a trend of land expansion. The land expansion makes Indonesia, the country with the largest palm oil plantation land in the world, and at the same time the world's largest producer of palm oil. Land expansion is carried out by Government Plantation, Smallholders Plantation, and Private Plantation. However, when observed in more detail, land expansion from Government Plantation has not shown a significant increase and has recently decreased. Seeing the decline in the land area of Government Plantation amid the trend of land expansion of palm oil plantations in Indonesia, this paper argues that liberalization encourages the government to reduce its economic activity in the palm oil plantation sector, and provides opportunities for the market to develop Smallholders Plantation and Private Plantation. Liberalization encouraged the expansion of plantation land nationally, but limited the increase in the land area of Government Plantation.
Keyword: Oil palm plantation, Expansion, Government Plantation, Smallholders Plantation, Private Plantation, Liberalization
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Qibtiyah, Mariatul. "Dampak UU No. 18 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perkebunan Terhadap Perubahan Sosial-Budaya Masyarakat (Studi Atas Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dengan Pola Perkebunan Inti Rakyat di Sumatera Selatan)." Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Politik 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/jssp.v1i2.4037.
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The plantation has a great potential in contributing to the economy in Indonesia. So, the government makes a policy in the form of laws No. 18 in 2004 about The Plantations. The ACT of Plantation regulates about the management of the Plantation and a clear legal protection through The Core of People's Plantations (Perkebunan Inti Rakyat/PIR). But the presence of The Plantation ACT is questioned its allignment. The Core of People's Plantations System which has been set up in the ACT of any impact on social change community around the plantations, such as indigenous land that changes into a plantation area, changes in social status, community life, patterns of change value systems in society, and so on.
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Fadhli, Muhammad, Rifardi Rifardi, and Suardi Tarumun. "PEMODELAN PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 14, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jil.14.1.p.52-65.
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This study aims to identify the types of land use and patterns of land use change in Kampar District. This study uses a survey method with visual interpretation techniques Landsat imagery in 1998,2008,2018 using geographic information systems (GIS). The results showed that 12 types of land use in Kampar district in 1998-2008-2018 were: 1) forest, 2) plantation forest, 3) plantation, 4) mixed plantation, 5) dry land agriculture, 6) rice field, 7 ) shrubs, 8) built up land, 9) mines, 10) open, 11) ponds, and 12) bodies of water. The patterns of land use change in Kampar Regency in the period 1998-2008-2018 were 187 patterns. There are 2 types of patterns of change, namely 1) the pattern of change from vegetated land use to vegetated land use and 2) the pattern of changes in the use of vegetated to non-vegetated land. The first type with the most dominant pattern based on the area of change include: 1) forests - plantations - plantations, 2) mixed plantations - plantations - plantations 3) Forests – plantation forests - plantation forests. The second type with a pattern of change based on area includes: 1) forest – forest - open, 2) mixed plantation - built up land – built up land, 3) mixed plantation - mixed plantation - mine.
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Chen, Bangqian, Xiangming Xiao, Zhixiang Wu, Tin Yun, Weili Kou, Huichun Ye, Qinghuo Lin, et al. "Identifying Establishment Year and Pre-Conversion Land Cover of Rubber Plantations on Hainan Island, China Using Landsat Data during 1987–2015." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081240.
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Knowing the stand age of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations is vitally important for best management practices, estimations of rubber latex yields, and carbon cycle studies (e.g., biomass, carbon pools, and fluxes). However, the stand age (as estimated from the establishment year of rubber plantation) is not available across large regions. In this study, we analyzed Landsat time series images from 1987–2015 and developed algorithms to identify (1) the establishment year of rubber plantations; and (2) the pre-conversion land cover types, such as old rubber plantations, evergreen forests, and cropland. Exposed soil during plantation establishment and linear increases in canopy closure during non-production periods (rubber seedling to mature plantation) were used to identify the establishment year of rubber plantations. Based on the rubber plantation map for 2015 (overall accuracy = 97%), and 1981 Landsat images since 1987, we mapped the establishment year of rubber plantations on Hainan Island (R2 = 0.85/0.99, and RMSE = 2.34/0.54 years at pixel/plantation scale). The results show that: (1) significant conversion of croplands and old rubber plantations to new rubber plantations has occurred substantially in the northwest and northern regions of Hainan Island since 2000, while old rubber plantations were mainly distributed in the southeastern inland strip; (2) the pattern of rubber plantation expansion since 1987 consisted of fragmented plantations from smallholders, and there was no tendency to expand towards a higher altitude and steep slope regions; (3) the largest land source for new rubber plantations since 1988 was old rubber plantations (1.26 × 105 ha), followed by cropland (0.95 × 105 ha), and evergreen forests (0.68 × 105 ha). The resultant algorithms and maps of establishment year and pre-conversion land cover types are likely to be useful in plantation management, and ecological assessments of rubber plantation expansion in China.
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Itawan, Devi. "The Origin of the Child Healthcare in the East Coast of Sumatra, 1900s-1940s." Lembaran Sejarah 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.59377.
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This article aims to explore the issue of children’s healthcare in the context of colonial expansion on the East Coast of Sumatra. At the early of the 20th century, the birth rate, children, and maternal healthcare have become important issues in discussing health conditions in plantations in East Sumatra. It was a significant shift concerning the realm of East Sumatra plantation health and medical research due to since in the pioneering time, plantation’s medical institutions merely focused on the health of adult male coolies. The phenomenon of high rate of infant mortality in the early 20th century has become a new health problem in the East Coast of Sumatra Plantation. The plantation companies convincing to take further care of the children’s health as it will give a direct effect on plantation hygiene and population growth of the region. In the East Coast of Sumatra, children’s healthcare discourse was a proxy of the colonial capitalism interest, hygiene problems, and needs of population growth.
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Szalay, Dóra, Szabolcs Kertész, and Andrea Vágvölgyi. "Changes in the legal and support background of woody energy plantations." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 13, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2019.1.72-81.
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Current forestry laws and regulations are not applicable to woody energy plantations. The cultivation technology used in these plantations differs from ones used in conventional forest management; thereby, specific legislation to regulate cultivation in woody energy plantations is required. Hungary passed its first regulations for woody energy plantations in 2007. The legislation addressed permitting, range of plantable species, planting procedures, cultivation, and plantation harvesting. The legislation overregulated coppice technology and only targeted roundwood energy plantation. The legislation does not mandate forest site surveys and its related expert opinions despite their importance in plantation establishment, particularly regarding tree species selection. The latest legislation, which improves earlier deficiencies and prescribes planting-execution plans for all plantations, came into effect 2017. Another important change is the industrial purpose categorization of woody plantations, which appeared beside coppice and roundwood energy plantations. In addition to raw material production, this type of plantation also increases the carbon sequestration of agriculture. The availability of financial resources heavily influenced plantation area size and planting intensity over the years. Investigating plantation tendencies provides an opportunity to identify forms of support that play an important role in creating the conditions for rational land use. Our research presents the effects these changes in legislation and financial support have had on energy plantations.
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Bastos, Cristiana. "Plantation Memories, Labor Identities, and the Celebration of Heritage." Museum Worlds 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2020.080104.
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Plantation museums and memorials play different roles in coming to terms with a past of racialized violence. In this article, I briefly review the academic literature on plantations, refer to the plantation–race nexus, address the critical and acritical uses of plantation memories, discuss modes of musealizing plantations and memorializing labor, and present a community-based museum structure: Hawaii’s Plantation Village. This museum project is consistent with a multiethnic narrative of Hawai‘i, in that it provides both an overview of the plantation experience and a detailed account of the cultural heritage of each national group recruited for the sugar plantations. By providing a sense of historical belonging, a chronology of arrival, and a materialized representation of a lived experience, this museum plays an active and interactive role in the shaping of a collective memory of the plantation era, selecting the more egalitarian aspects of a parallel coexistence rather than the hierarchies, violence, tensions and land appropriation upon which the plantations rested.
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Yuniarti, Trisna, and Dahliyah Hayati. "Segmentasi Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit dengan Data Mining Teknik K-Means Clustering Berdasarkan Luas Areal, Produksi dan Produktivitas." INVENTORY: Industrial Vocational E-Journal On Agroindustry 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52759/inventory.v2i2.47.
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The oil palm is the most productive plantation product in Indonesia. Government strategies and policies related to oil palm plantations continue to be carried out considering that the plantation area is increasing every year. Segmentation of oil palm plantations based on area, production, and productivity aims to identify groups of potential oil palm plantations in the territory of Indonesia. This segmentation can provide consideration in formulating strategies and policies that will be made by the government. The segmentation method for grouping oil palm plantations uses the K-Means Clustering Data Mining technique with 3 clusters specified. Data mining stages start from data collection until representation is carried out, where 34 data sets are collected, only 25 data sets can be processed further. The results of this grouping obtained three plantation segments, namely 72% of the plantation group with low potential, 20% of the plantation group with medium potential, and 8% of the plantation group with high potential.
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Curry, GN. "The Influence of Proximity of Plantation Edge on Diversity and Abundance of bird species in an exotic pine plantation in north-eastern New South Wales." Wildlife Research 18, no. 3 (1991): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910299.
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Data were collected in summer and winter in a 15-year-old plantation of Pinus taeda, at Clouds Creek, north-eastern New South Wales. In summer, diversity and abundance of bird species declined over a distance of 900 m into the plantation. However, in winter this progressive decline in bird densities was limited to within the first 200 m of the plantation periphery. At greater distances into the plantation, the floristic and structural characteristics of the vegetation (including windrows) were of more importance than the proximity of the plantation edge in accounting for variations in the abundance and diversity of birds. Food for insectivorous birds (the dominant feeding guild) is probably restricted in the plantation because few local species of invertebrates are likely to be adapted to living on exotic pines; invertebrate mobility as well as abundance is probably less in winter, so that fewer invertebrates enter the plantation from adjacent native forest. Windrows are an important habitat feature contributing to the diversity and abundance of birds within plantations, probably serving as 'corridors' through the alien habitat of exotic pines, thus enabling birds to range further into plantations. For approximately 40 per cent of the plantation life cycle, the influence of proximity of plantation edge on diversity and abundance of bird species is probably of limited importance, particularly in winter. Reducing plantation size in order to increase the diversity and abundance of bird species is not realistic, because plantations would have to be very small. Instead, emphasis should be placed on increasing the structural and floristic diversity of plantations by creating a broad range of successional stages throughout the plantation complex, by enhancing the habitat value of windrows, and by retaining native vegetation within and near plantations.
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Stephens, S. Sky, and Michael R. Wagner. "Forest Plantations and Biodiversity: A Fresh Perspective." Journal of Forestry 105, no. 6 (September 1, 2007): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/105.6.307.
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Abstract We examined the worldwide literature on biodiversity in forest plantations for the indicator organism assessed, species composition (native versus exotic), tree species diversity, and appropriateness of the comparisons made. Fifty percent of the studies used invertebrates, 36% birds, 6% mammals, and 6% vascular plants as bioindicators. We found that 76% of the existing literature compares exotic plantation forests to native/natural forests, 9% of studies compare native plantations to native/natural forests, and 3% examine plantations to plantations. Lower biodiversity in plantation forest compared to other forests was reported by 94% of the reviewed studies. However, some studies indicate higher biodiversity in plantation forests compared to other land uses such as agriculture. We argue that much of the literature reporting lower biodiversity in plantation forests is based on inappropriate comparisons. We suggest more appropriate approaches to assessing the effects of plantation forests on biodiversity.
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Lodhiyal, L. S., R. P. Singh, and S. P. Singh. "Productivity and nutrient cycling in poplar stands in central Himalaya, India." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-158.
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Productivity and nutrient-use efficiency were investigated in plantations of similar age of poplar clone D121 (Populusdeltoides Marsh.) that differed mainly in plant density. The plantations were located in the Tarai belt (low-lying area with high water table) of the Indian Central Himalaya. The total net primary productivity of the high-density plantation (4 years old with 666 trees/ha) was conspicuously higher (32.4 tones•ha−1•year−1) than that of the low-density (20 tonnes•ha−1•year−1) plantation (5 years old with 400 trees/ha), while nutrient-use efficiency was similar in these plantations. The net primary productivity/leaf nutrient ratios and percent nutrient retranslocation from senescing leaves were higher in the high-density than in the low-density plantations. In these young plantations leaf litterfall accounted for most of the litterfall (96–97%). The amount of nutrients that returned through litterfall to the soil was distinctly greater in the high-density plantation than in the low-density plantation. The greater nutrient return was due to first, the greater dry weight of litterfall and the lower proportional nutrient retranslocation from leaves during senescence in the high-density plantation. The high-density plantation also showed greater nutrient extraction efficiency from soil. Compared with a Eucalyptustereticornis Sm. plantation, and with natural forests of the study region, the nutrient use efficiency of poplar, regardless of its density, was lower.
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ANBARASHAN, M., A. PADMAVATHY, and R. ALEXANDAR. "Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India." Asian Journal of Forestry 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010203.
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Anbarashan M, Padmavathy A, Alexandar R. 2017. Short Communication: Survival and growth of mono and mixed species plantations on the Coromandel coast of India. Asian J For 1: 70-76. There exists very little information on the growth of autochthonous tree species autochthonousin the tropics and on the experiences in conducting mono and mixed species plantations. The aim of this study was to compare the variation in growth parameter between the mixed species plantation and mono species plantation. The growth, survival, and height of 82 autochthonous mixed species plantations were compared with Casuarina equisetifolia, an exotic species broadly planted in this region after over a decade (2006 to 2016). In the mixed species plantation, seven species showed 100 % survival rate and 19 species were not survived after 10-year intervals. In the mono species plantation, Casuarina equisetifolia had 92 % of the survival rate. When it is compared to the mono plantation, the growth rate of mixed species plantation showed highly significant differences (P < 0: 05) values. Simple linear regression between annual girth increment and height produced very strong positive relations (R2 0.759). Plantations of Casuarina equisetifolia seem to be well adapted to the coastal region. On the other hand, mixed plantation with autochthonous species would contribute more to sustainable management because they provide a greater range of ecological goods and ecosystem services than the single species plantations.
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Hastaril, Belinda, and Muhammad Arief Soendjoto. "Studi Variasi Tingkat Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung pada Berbagai Tipe Habitat di Areal Konservasi Perkebunan Sawit PT.MSM, Wilmar Plantation, Kalteng." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v2i1.167.
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High Conservation Value Areas (HCVA) in palm oil plantation is one of the efforts to reduce the negative impoct of oil palm plantations on biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to to identify bird species in dffirent types of habitats in the conserration area of oil palm plantations, calculate and compare the diversity of bird species and how is the relations with vegetation as habitat componen\ the study location at PT. MSM, Wilmar Plantation Central Kalimantan. The results showed the diversity value of birds and vegetation hos a positive relationship. Forested habitat v,ith heterogeneous vegetation presenting a higher value of diversity bird species than homogeneous vegetation hobitat. The highest diversity of
bird species is the habitot of swampforests (H'3,70) lowland forest (H'3,69), heath forest (H'3,59) and the lowest is the habitat of palm plantatioru (H' 2,60).
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Shao, J., A. Habib, and S. Fei. "SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF UAV LIDAR DATA FOR TREE PLANTATIONS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (December 14, 2023): 1901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-1901-2023.
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Abstract. Tree plantations, characterized by large-scale cultivation of trees with high commercial values, often rely on accurate inventory data to improve their capacity. However, understanding tree plantations with different components on a large scale for growth prediction is still a tricky problem. In this paper, we harness the power of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems to acquire 3D point clouds of tree plantations and investigate the potential of deep learning segmentation for enhanced understanding of plantation UAV LiDAR point clouds, thereby promoting precision forest management. Two datasets from the same plantation without debris on the ground and with harvested debris were tested. Experimental results showed that we were able to process a plantation consisting of 300 trees in 2 min and achieve an overall accuracy of 95% segmentation for this plantation. This research demonstrates the feasibility of the deep learning method in segmenting large-scale tree plantation point clouds, which is able to speed up the inventory of tree plantations.
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Setiawan, D., A. Nugraha, Muliani, D. Radiansah, and N. O. Syamsiah. "Analysis of Local Forage and Income Over Feed Cost Under Ruminant and Palm Plantation Integrated System (SISKA) in West Kalimantan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1341, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1341/1/012027.
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Abstract Inter-plant forage found in oil palm plantations is a potential feed for ruminants. For this reason, special attention is needed to the availability and quality of the forage. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the potential of local forages in oil palm plantations in terms of the availability of forage types, botanical composition and income over feed cost. Data collection was carried out at smallholder oil palm plantations in Sengah Temila Sub-district, Landak Regency and company oil palm plantations in Kapuas Sub-district, Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province, starting from March to May 2023. The research was conducted using a survey in the form of interviews using questionnaires and field observations. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, linear model analysis and Duncan’s further test. The research results obtained 32 types of forage in the smallholder oil palm plantation area and 22 types of forage in the company’s oil palm plantation area. The botanical composition of forage in smallholder oil palm plantations is dominated by Paspalum conjugatum, while in corporate oil palm plantations, the botanical composition is dominated by Axonopus compressus. Smallholder oil palm plantation land was also dominated by Paspalum conjugatum Berg with an Important Value Index (IVI) value of 49.33%. In contrast, the company’s oil palm plantation’s land was dominated by Axonopus compressus, which mostly covered the land surface with an IVI value of 40.47%. The IOFC value of smallholder oil palm plantations is lower than company oil palm plantations. Smallholder oil palm plantations and company oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan have the potential to be developed as forage based on forage types, botanical composition and IOFC values, which are still profitable in both research locations.
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Zhang, Hengshuo, Xuehui Jiao, Tonggang Zha, Xizhi Lv, Yongxin Ni, Qiufen Zhang, Jianwei Wang, and Li Ma. "Developmental Dynamics and Driving Factors of Understory Vegetation: A Case Study of Three Typical Plantations in the Loess Plateau of China." Forests 14, no. 12 (November 29, 2023): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14122353.
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Understory vegetation is one of the most important links for improving forest biodiversity, and its restoration is conducive to sustainable forest development, energy flow, and nutrient cycling. However, little is known about the developmental dynamics and main driving factors of the long-time series coverage, biomass, diversity, and species composition of plantation understory vegetation. In a case study of three typical plantations, with a natural secondary forest as reference in the Loess Plateau of China, we collected understory vegetation from a Robinia pseudoacacia Linn. deciduous broad-leaved plantation, Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. evergreen coniferous plantation, and mixed plantation with an age span of 10 to 50 years. (1) The understory plantation coverage and biomass results of stands with different ages showed the R. pseudoacacia plantation to be significantly higher than the P. tabulaeformis plantation, and the species diversity of the P. tabulaeformis plantation changed the most with the stand age. However, the growth resource imbalance, and drastic changes in the stands’ environment caused by excessive intraspecific competition in the early stage of the P. tabulaeformis plantation vegetation restoration, are the main reasons that make the species diversity of undergrowth vegetation of P. tabulaeformis plantation lower than that of other stand types. (2) The understory species composition of the plantations revealed their degree of community stability. Compared to the R. pseudoacacia plantation and P. tabulaeformis plantation, the mixed plantation had higher stability, and its species composition closely resembled a natural secondary forest. The community stability of the P. tabulaeformis plantation was the lowest because it had the lowest coverage, biomass, and species diversity of understory vegetation. However, the understory species composition of the three plantation types converged, which was due to atypical species contribution. (3) The dynamic changes of canopy and soil nutrients were the main driving factors affecting the R. pseudoacacia plantation understory vegetation species composition. Stand density and elevation limited the understory vegetation communities of P. tabulaeformis plantation restoration. Soil bulk density is the key factor affecting understory vegetation in mixed plantations, and this effect weakens with the stand age. In future studies, the focus should be on the converged action and further development trend of atypical species, choosing an appropriate recovery strategy (active or passive), and providing more possibilities for the intensive management of vegetation under different plantations.
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Afrianto, Irawan. "POOR AND PLANTATION COMMODITIES DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION SYSTEM TO POVERTY REDUCTION IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE." Creative Research Journal 3, no. 02 (March 15, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.34147/crj.v3i02.83.
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The number of poverty in West Java Province reaching 4.23 million / 9.18%, is a matter of special concern for the government of West Java Province to perform the actions and activities of poverty reduction. Meanwhile, West Java with 26 districts / cities has a huge plantation potential, there are 493,118 hectares of plantations in West Java with 33 plantation Commodities therein. This led to a desire to collaborate on poverty data and potential plantation data in order to reduce the poverty rate. Geographic information system (GIS) which contains data and distribution of poor communities and plantations developed to map the areas that have poor communities and the potential of plantations in the area. This is intended to facilitate the provision of assistance from the Plantation Office for poor communities around the plantation. The system development method used is UCD (User Centered Design) so that it can focus on the needs of data and information needed. The use of maps with the google maps API provides ease in presenting regional spatial data to show poverty data as well as plantation potential. The existence of mapping system of distribution of poor people and plantation potency hence information of location of poor society and potency of plantation in West Java can be raised in one information intact to facilitate in informing of poor society that domicile around plantation.
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Nagari, Galih Sekar Jati. "LANSKAP PERKEBUNAN TEMBAKAU KEBONARUM DAN GAYAMPRIT KABUPATEN KLATEN." Berkala Arkeologi 38, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v38i2.253.
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Klaten is a region in Surakarta residency in 18-20th century during Colonial era. It held an important role in the economy of Surakarta region during that period. Klaten became area with the highest plantation productivity in Surakarta. Several plantation companies were established in Klaten, including sugar industries, indigo plantations, and tobacco plantations. Today, several plantation infrastructures can be observed, and its historical background can be traced well, but researches about Klaten Colonial industries are seldom. There are operating tobacco plantations in Klaten Regency, located in Kebonarum and Gayamprit. Plantation area in Kebonarum and Gayamprit is used as research material. Survey and historical approach are used in this research. This project aims to explore the important role of Colonial plantations in rural societies, through archaeological environment phenomenon and its history. The existence of plantations in Klaten rural areas was able to offer social change to the societies in Colonial era.
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Li, Jing, Dandong Chang, Jinhua Cheng, Hongjiang Zhang, and Haofeng Huang. "Evaluation of soil and water conservation capacities for plantations on the Simian Mountains of China." Forestry Chronicle 89, no. 02 (April 2013): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2013-035.
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Eighteen indices were selected to evaluate soil and water conservation capacities of four different mixtures of plantations using the Ideal Point Method. Results indicate that a broadleaf plantation of robur (Lithocarpus glabra) and Chinese guger tree (Schima superba) had the best conservation capacity, a mixed broadleaf plantation of sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana), Chinese gugertree and camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) was ranked second. A mixed broadleaf–conifer plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) and Chinese gugertree ranked third with a mixed coniferous plantation (Chinese fir and Masson pine) fourth. Under similar climates and topographical conditions, broadleaf plantations have better soil and water conservation capacities than conifer plantations. Sensitivity analysis showed that litter amounts and soil properties are the most important indicators of soil and water conservation capacities of plantations. Suitable measures such as deep tillage should be used to improve soil aggregation in different plantations.
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Mather, A. S. "Plantation politics: forest plantations in development." Applied Geography 13, no. 3 (July 1993): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(93)90010-x.
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Dargavel, John. "Plantation politics: Forestry plantations in development." Journal of Rural Studies 9, no. 4 (October 1993): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(93)90063-p.
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Wahyuni, MP, Ir Mardiana. "BIOMASSA HIJAUAN Mucuna bracteata DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KADAR N TANAH DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT." Jurnal Agro Estate 3, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47199/jae.v3i2.94.
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Mucuna bracteata is one of the legume cover crop that is usually used in oil palm and rubber plantations. In general, legume cover crop are planted during the preparation / after land clearing when the oil palm are planted, Mucuna bracteata has covered the planting area. Mucuna bracteata growth conditions will affect soil biological properties, namely organic nutrient content, C/N balance, microbial population and macro-fauna activity. This study aimed to describe the soil and Mucuna bracteata plants in the phase of oil palm plants. The study was conducted in April - June 2019 in the area of TBM 3 oil palm plantations in 2 locations, namely Pabatu Plantation and Tinjowan Plantation. Soil types in Pabatu Plantation are typic dystrudepts (Reddish Brown Podsolik) and in Tinjowan Plantation the type of soil is typic hapludults (Yellowish Red Podsolik) and some typic paleudults (Yellow Podsolik). This study used a descriptive design that describes the growth character / biomass of Mucuna bracteata on TBM 3 oil palm plantations. The results of this study are the fresh biomass of Mucuna bracteata in Pabatu Plantation is 43,260 kg / ha and Tinjowan Plantation is 34,146 kg / ha (79%) and dry biomass is 13,943 kg / ha in Pabatu Plantation and 12,705 kg / ha in Tinjowan Plantation. The levels of N leaves of Mucuna bracteata are in the high category. Soil organic matter content and total N in Pabatu and Tinjowan Plantation are in the low category.
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Wang, G. Geoff, J. Aurea Siemens, Vince Keenan, and Daniel Philippot. "Survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings in relation to stock type, site preparation and plantation type in southeastern Manitoba." Forestry Chronicle 76, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc76775-5.
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Differences in survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings planted on boreal mixedwood sites were tested for stock types (transplant versus container), site preparation (Donaren disc trenching versus no trenching), and plantation types (open versus sheltered) in southeastern Manitoba after eight or nine growing seasons. Mortality of open plantation (32.3%) and container stock (32.5%) were significantly higher than sheltered plantation (23.7%) and transplant stock (22.8%), respectively. Donaren trenching slightly reduced the mortality of black spruce but significantly increased the mortality of white spruce. Seedlings of container stock (110 cm) were significantly shorter than transplant stock (157 cm). Significant difference in height was found between open and sheltered plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Root collar diameter of container stock (15.6 mm) was significantly smaller than transplant stock (23.1 mm). Root collar diameter in sheltered plantations was significantly larger than that in open plantations for black spruce but not for white spruce. Black spruce open plantation had significantly smaller volume (97 cm3) compare to black spruce sheltered (210 cm3) and white spruce open (175 cm3) and sheltered (229 cm3) plantations. White spruce open plantations also had smaller volume than white spruce sheltered plantations. Container stock had smaller volume (89 cm3) than transplant stock (267 cm3). For transplant stock, strip plantations had a significantly higher volume (329 cm3) than open plantations (204 cm3). Based on above results, we recommend that (1) transplant stock should be used, (2) sheltered plantation site preparation should be used on boreal mixedwood sites, and (3) Donaren disc-trenching is not necessary for planting white spruce. Key words: silviculture, boreal mixedwood site, plantation
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Hamid, H. A., and R. Abiri. "The way forward of Forest Plantation in Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012001.
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Abstract Forest plantation strategies are the important components providing timber for downstream industrial manufacturing. This strategy has been quickly expanded in response to demands of the local market and government and has had noteworthy impacts on rural economy and livelihoods in Malaysia. Here, we first reviewed the history of forest plantation in Malaysia and consequently we have discussed the parameters influencing the sustainable production of forest plantation including genetic diversity, silviculture, and preserving site sustainability. Furthermore, we have deliberated different strategies which can be used during forest plantation and increase efficacy of this strategy. Different types of rotation plantations strategies such as very short rotation-, short rotation-, medium rotation-, long rotation-, mixed wild fruit-, and agroforestry-plantation systems have been discussed, accordingly. In the next step, the effects of different omics strategies on forest plantations have been reviewed. Finally, the impact of mathematical programming in the forest plantation have been explained, and the challenges and restrictions of forest plantation have been stated
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Arnold, R. J., Y. J. Xie, J. Z. Luo, H. R. Wang, and S. J. Midgley. "A tale of two genera: Exotic Eucalyptus and Acacia species in China. 2. Plantation resource development." International Forestry Review 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820829403441.
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In China a substantial plantation industry involving 5.4 M ha of exotic eucalypts and up to 50 000 ha of exotic acacias, has been built on a foundation of collaborative R&D sponsored by both China and Australia over the past 40 years. Germplasm derived from some of the early collaboration still provides the majority of trees deployed in current eucalypt plantations in China. But, whilst the past 2 decades has been the best of times for plantation eucalypts in China, the past decade has simultaneously been the worst of times for plantation acacias. Improved plantation productivities achieved through R&D programs coupled with innovations in processing markedly increased the profitability of young eucalypt plantations; this provided strong market pull for expansion of these plantations. For exotic acacias though, plantation areas in China have declined over the past decade. Factors that have contributed to the contrasting fates of these species in China, along with their future outlooks, are reviewed in this report.
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Flaspohler, David J., and Christopher R. Webster. "Plantations for Bioenergy: Principles for Maintaining Biodiversity in Intensively Managed Forests." Forest Science 57, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 516–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/57.6.516.
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Abstract As the value of forests for providing a feedstock for bioenergy increases, more land will probably be converted to fast-growing tree plantations to increase short-term production of cellulose. In general, plantations support fewer plant and animal species than native forests because plantations are greatly simplified in terms of tree and other plant species richness and in terms of many structural and process-related forest functions. However, native biodiversity can be retained in some plantation forests if careful management is used in all stages of plantation establishment, tending, and harvest. Key considerations for conserving biodiversity as plantation forests grow as a proportion of total world forest cover include choice of plantation tree species, harvest frequency, rotation age, and care and management of biological legacies and forest understory plant and wildlife communities. We provide background and guidance that can be used to guide future plantation management in a new era of using forests to capture and store carbon and to generate bioenergy.
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Yang, Yulian, Honglin Yang, Qiang Wang, Qing Dong, Jiaping Yang, Lijun Wu, Chengming You, Jinyao Hu, and Qinggui Wu. "Effects of Two Management Practices on Monthly Litterfall in a Cypress Plantation." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101581.
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Optimizing stand structure can enhance plantation forest ecosystem service functions by regulating litterfall patterns; however, the effects of close-to-nature management on litterfall production remain unclear. Here, we selected three cypress (Cupressus funebris) plantations, including one using the practice of strip filling (SF), one using the practice of ecological thinning (ET), and one pure cypress plantation without any artificial interference. The production of total litterfall and its components (leaf, twig, reproductive organ and miscellaneous litterfall) were investigated monthly over one year from September 2019 to August 2020. Compared with that of the pure plantation, the total annual litterfall production of the SF and ET plantations decreased significantly by 10.8% and 36.44%, respectively. The annual production of leaf and reproductive organ litter was similar to that of total litterfall, but that of twig and miscellaneous litter was higher in the SF and ET plantations than in the pure plantation. Moreover, total, leaf and reproductive organ litterfall production displayed unimodal dynamics regardless of plantation, although the peaks of reproductive organ litter production occurred in different months. In contrast, the production of twig litter showed bimodal dynamics in the pure plantation, while unimodal and irregular dynamics were observed in the plantations with ET and SF, respectively. Additionally, insignificant differences in the isometric growth index of leaf litter and total litterfall were observed. The allometric indices of twig litterfall versus total litterfall, reproductive organ litterfall versus total litterfall, and leaf litterfall versus twig litterfall were higher in the plantations with SF and ET than in the pure plantation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that diameter at breast height and air temperature were the most important factors shaping the annual and monthly production of litterfall, respectively. These results provide efficient data to support the rectification of the material circulation of cypress plantations and their future management.
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Hortig, Hans. "Plantation Technologies." FOOTPRINT 17, no. 2 (April 3, 2024): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/footprint.17.2.6703.
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In this article we investigate plantation agriculture as a technology aimed at extracting natural resources, utilising unpaid labour, and installing regulatory authority. Using the oil palm plantation territories of Johor State in Malaysia – a core zone of palm oil production, manufacturing and export – as a case study, we ask how more-than-human assemblages enabled the expansion and refinement of oil palm plantations in Malaysia and contributed to the material transformation of the territory. We also explore how plantations can be mobilised as an analytical device to study the urbanisation of territory through agro-industrial production. To explore those questions, we present three episodes of more-than-human involvement in assembling oil palm plantation territories in Johor. Through the conceptual frame of the operationalisation of territory, we bring into dialogue literature on the Plantationocene with critical urban studies and the history of urbanisation.
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Chauhan, S. K., R. Sharma, B. Singh, and S. C. Sharma. "Biomass production, carbon sequestration and economics of on-farm poplar plantations in Punjab, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.631.
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Six years poplar plantations were assessed for productivity, carbon storage and economics in comparison to sole cropping. Wheat grain yield was significantly higher in control plots (4.55 t/ha) than boundary plantation (3.28 t/ha) and block plantation (2.03 t/ha). Similar trend was recorded for straw yield (6.61 t/ha in control plots, 4.83 t/ha in boundary plantation and 3.5 t/ha in block plantation. The boundary plantation produced higher DBH (24.23 cm) than the block plantation (19.71 cm). The crown spread itself followed the same trend but both the planting methods had almost similar plant height. However, the total tree biomass was higher with block plantation (96.31 t/ha) than boundary plantation (30.14 t/ha) but per tree biomass was more in boundary plantation than block plantation. The total carbon storage was higher in block planting method (55.43 t/ha) than in boundary plantation (32.70 t/ha) and lowest total carbon storage in sole cropping system (31.20 t/ha). The heat from biomass combustion and carbon storage from coal substituted of timber was also higher in the block plantation (18.67t C/ha) as compared with boundary plantation (4.43t C/ha). Agro forestry systems likely had a greater capacity to sequester C in the longterm than the annual cropping systems because of their diverse configurations. The economic benefits were also higher in block plantation than boundary and sole cropping of rice-wheat (B : C ratio of 3.30, 1.90 and 1.61, respectively). Adoption of on-farm poplar plantations will develop new opportunities for enhanced income in addition to employment and environmental amelioration.
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Prabha, A. C. Surya, A. Rajkamal, M. Senthivelu, and S. Pragadeesh. "Soil carbon stock and physico-chemical properties in important plantations of Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 6 (2022): 099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.76.11.
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Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role in soil fertility and is of paramount importance for its contributions to mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The present study was undertaken to estimate the SOC stock and soil properties in important plantations of the Southern zone in Tamil Nadu. Four different species were selected for the study viz, Eucalyptus, Casuarina, Melia and Teak. In all the plantations selected for estimation of biomass, composite soil samples were collected at three different depths; i.e., 0-15, 15- 30 and 30-45 cm. The soil samples were analysed for the carbon stock and various properties such as pH, Electrical conductivity, Organic carbon, Available N, Available P, Available K. Among Eucalyptus plantations, clonal plantation of >6 years sequestered the highest amount of soil carbon (19.8 Mg ha-1) at 30 cm depth. SOC stock was maximum in Casuarina plantation of > 5 years (23.3 Mg ha-1). Among the different Melia plantations, maximum SOC stock was observed in Melia plantation of 5 to7 years old (15.6 Mg ha-1), and in Teak plantations, SOC stock was highest in plantations of > 15 years old (22.1 Mg ha-1). The soil pH and Electrical conductivity significantly differed among the plantations and decreased with an increase in the age of plantation. Nitrogen availability was highest (303.98 kg ha-1 ) in >5 years of Casuarina clonal plantation at 0-15 cm depth. Among the plantations the available potassium was high in surface soils (0-15 cm) of >5 years Casuarina clonal plantation (329.50 kg ha-1). The data generated in the present study would provide valuable information on the scope of afforestation and reforestation projects for sustaining the livelihoods of the farming community and also will encourage them to contribute to mitigating global carbon emissions and expanding forest and tree cover.
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Wang, Shu Li, Chao Ma, and Wei Bin Yuan. "Soil Physical and Chemical Properties under Four Densities of Hybrid Larch Plantations." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2139.
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The soil physical and chemical properties of four densities (A:2500/hm2，B:3300/hm2，C:4400/hm2，D:6600/hm2) of hybrid Larch plantations, Larix olgensis plantation(E) and Quercus mandsurica forest(F) were studied in Jiangshanjiao forest farm of Heilongjiang province of China. Soil bulk density, soil porosity, total N, total P, available N and available P were affected significantly by plantation density in hybrid Larch plantations. The lowest surface soil bulk density was in density 2500/hm2. Soil porosity of density 2500/hm2and 3300/hm2was bigger than that of density 4400/hm2and density 6600/hm2. Total N, total P and available N of density 4400/hm2and 3300/hm2were higher than that of density 6600/hm2and density 2500/hm2. Total N, total P, available N and available P of hybrid Larch plantations were not lower than that of Larix olgensis plantation. The results of the soil physical and chemical properties under different densities of hybrid Larch plantations and different types of forest seems to confirm that hybrid Larch plantation did not decreased the soil fertility, and the hybrid Larch plantation with densities of 3300/hm2and 4400/hm2could be conductive to improving the soil quality. The results would provide the theories basis for manage the hybrid Larch plantations.
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Prabha, A. C. Surya, A. Rajkamal, M. Senthivelu, and S. Pragadeesh. "Carbon Stock in Biomass of Important Plantations in the Southern Zone of Tamil Nadu, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 02 (2023): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.022.
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Plantations are efficient sequesters of carbon and can mitigate the predicted rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration and future climate change. Trees can capture atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis and store it in biomass with a turnover time of several decades. The present investigation was undertaken to study the carbon stock in biomass of important plantation species of clonal and seedling origin in the Southern agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. The existing stands of three different ages of a tree plantation were selected from within the available plantations on farmlands, and data on girth and height were recorded for all the trees. The results revealed that the total carbon stocks (537.8 Mg ha-1) was maximum under Eucalyptus clonal plantation of >6 years. Aboveground biomass was greater than belowground biomass, accounting for 79% of total biomass in Casuarina clonal plantation of > 5 years. Biomass carbon stock in Melia increased from 49.8 Mg C ha-1 in 1 to 4 years plantation to 95.5 Mg C ha-1 in >7 years old plantation. The findings explain the ability of clonal plantations of Casuarina and Eucalyptus in accumulating maximum biomass carbon stock.
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Pratama, Bagus Mulya, M. Ihsan Ali, Mispa Herlina Wati, Rhonsina Rhonsina, and Sari Wulandari. "Kontribusi Subsektor Perkebunan Dalam Mendukung Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Sumatera Utara." El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 4, no. 6 (March 6, 2023): 1637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v4i6.3079.
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Economic Growth Is The Thing That Gets The Most Attention, Because One Of The People's Welfare Is Achieved If The Economic Growth Is Good. One Of The Economic Growth Comes From The Plantation Subsector. The Plantation Sub-Sector Is Of Concern To The Government Because Its Production Can Increase The Country's Foreign Exchange, And Also Has A Great Opportunity To Increase Exports. This Study Used Qualitative Research Methods. This Study Aims To Review How The Plantation Subsector Contributes To Supporting Economic Growth, Especially In The North Sumatra Region. The Results Of This Study Indicate That The Plantation Subsector Has A Large Contribution To Economic Growth In The North Sumatra Region, It Can Be Seen That The Area Of Land Is Getting Wider And The Plantation Yields Are Increasing From Year To Year, Both From Oil Palm Plantations Which Are The Most Superior Commodities, Rubber, Coffee And Tobacco . Rubber, Coffee, Cocoa And Tobacco Are Very Important Commodities From The Plantations Of North Sumatra At This Time. Apart From That, Germany Is Also Very Well Known For Its Deli Tobacco Plantations, Which Originate From North Sumatra.
Keywords: Contribution, Plantation, Growth, Economy
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Janas, P. S., and D. G. Brand. "Comparative Growth and Development of Planted and Natural Stands of Jack Pine." Forestry Chronicle 64, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64320-4.
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This study compares growth yield, and stem quality differences at age 21 between plantations spaced at 2.13 × 2.13 m (2204 stems/ha) and 4.27 × 4.27 m (548 stems/ha), and a nearby natural jack pine stand of identical age (initial density of 29 800 stems/ha). Merchantable volume/ha was greatest at the 2.13 m spacing, followed by the less dense plantation and natural stand. Total volume/ha (trees > 1.3 m height) was also greatest in the 2.13 m plantation, followed by the natural stand and the 4.27 m plantation. Individual tree mean merchantable volumes decreased with increasing density. Height growth decreased with increasing density. Height 4.27 m plantation relative to the 2.13 m plantation. Stem quality of the natural stand was markedly better than in both plantations. A comparison of an older natural stand and a plantation in the same area suggests that superiority of tree form of denser natural stands will continue through to rotation. High mortality in the natural stand was largely the result of snow and ice damage which caused patchy and irregular stocking. These results imply that widely spaced plantations of unimproved jack pine will produce large individual tree sizes, but at the expense of quality. Key words: Pinus banksiana, plantations, natural stands, stem quality growth and yield, stand density, mortality, spacing, silviculture.
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Dias, Ratnayake K. S., and Hetti A. W. S. Peiris. "Ground-dwelling ant assemblages (Family: Formicidae) in six coconut (Cocos nucifera L. 1753) plantations in Sri Lanka." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 3, no. 14 (September 23, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2015.3.14.
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The contribution of six well-established coconut plantations to the conservation of biodiversity, specifically of ants, was investigated using soil sifting, timed hand collection and honey baiting along five, 100 m transects established in each plantation. Twenty honey-baited pitfall traps were set throughout each sampling area of each plantation. Collected worker ants were preserved in 70% ethanol and sorted and identified to the furthest possible taxonomic levels under a low-power stereo-microscope. The ant species observed at the five transects in each plantation were tabulated and species richness and proportional abundance of each species at each plantation were recorded. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity index for the ant assemblage at each plantation was calculated. Air and soil temperature, soil humidity and soil pH at each locality were also measured. A diverse ant assemblage occurred at each plantation, where between 19 and 29 species in 4 or 5 subfamilies were recorded; the Shannon-Wiener diversity index values were determined. Higher proportions of formicines and myrmicines than those of other subfamilies were observed. Two or more species in higher proportions than the rest of the ants occurred in each assemblage. Also, the six plantations shared three species and five plantations shared nine species in common. The considerable diversity of ants indicated a healthy environment and provided insight into the presence of other animals in the well-established coconut plantations.
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Cuarta, Brian Mac. "The plantation of Leitrim, 1620–41." Irish Historical Studies 32, no. 127 (May 2001): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400015030.
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State-sponsored plantations were an instrument in the anglicisation of Irish society from the late 1550s, and the plantation in 1620 of the Gaelic O’Rourke lordship in Leitrim represents a stage in the development of plantation policy. With the exception of a valuable overview by Victor Treadwell, focusing on the involvement of the first duke of Buckingham, historians have largely neglected the Leitrim plantation. This study seeks to explore the programme for the anglicisation of native society in the area, as illustrated in the plantation instructions. Aspirations will be compared with what can be gleaned of the actual implementation of the plantation, drawing largely on the official documentation and correspondence generated by the 1622 commission of inquiry, which was established because of unease with various aspects of state performance in Ireland, including the condition of the plantations. In the case of Leitrim, such concern was amply justified. A further theme is the impact of the plantation on the native population, and especially on the smaller freeholders who were dispossessed under the plantation. Through the natives’ complaints and other material, the 1622 documentation affords rare insights into the impact of the plantation on Gaelic society. Finally, to assess the success of the plantation, the development of the settler community to 1641 will be briefly outlined.
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Umayah, Difa, Eko Priyo Purnomo, Mochammad Iqbal Fadhlurrohman, Aqil Teguh Fathani, and Lubna Salsabila. "The Implementation of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Policy in Managing Oil Palm Plantation in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 943, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/943/1/012022.
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Abstract The purpose of this research is to look at the governance of sustainable oil palm plantation development in Jambi Province through an analysis of the role of the Jambi Provincial Government’s policies in realizing sustainable oil palm plantation management. The study used a qualitative approach to explain current findings on the sustainable development of oil palm plantations in Jambi province. The data in this study used an analysis of Jambi Province policy documents related to the oil palm plantation sector’s growth and development. This study’s results indicate the Jambi Province local government’s commitment to realizing environmentally friendly oil palm plantations. These results can be seen from the legal, licensing, and limitation aspects by applying the 7 ISPO principles, namely the application of oil palm development permits, application of technical guidelines for oil palm cultivation and management, environmental management and monitoring of oil palm plantations, responsibility for oil palm plantation workers palm oil, responsibility for the social community of oil palm plantations, empowerment of community economic activities and increase the sustainable business of palm oil plantations.
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Jasmanda, Roni, and Azmi Fitrisia. "DINAMIKA KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI KARET BUKIT SARANA KECAMATAN RAO KABUPATEN PASAMAN TAHUN 1996-2020." Jurnal Kronologi 3, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jk.v3i3.172.
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The hill rubber plantation is the first rubber plantation in the Rao Nagari Taruang-Taruang district, Pasaman regency. The hil rubber plantation at this facility was estaplished in 1996. This plantation is the only source of livehood for the local farmers. Which after it was founded in 1996, this rubber plantation has an impact on the sosio- economy of the community. By making a living as a rubber farmer, the community can fulfil their daily needs. Rubber farmers work from morning to evening. Rubber tapping starts from 6 am to 11 pm, if we look at it from the point of view of their daily lives as rubber farmers, they can buy motor bikes, renovate houses, and send their children to school as hingh as possible. After the existence of the hill rubber plantation, this facility had a lot of impact on other areas which later made rubber plantations such as the hill rubber plantions.
Keywords: The socio-economic development of the hill rust plantations.
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Желдак, Vladimir Zheldak, Родин, Sergey Rodin, Сидоренков, Viktor Sidorenkov, Дорощенкова, and Elvira Doroshchenkova. "Development of regulatory and methodological support of the use of forest fund lands and lands of other categories for the plantation." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11262.
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Due to the increasing demand of the plantation and their exploitation for timber harvesting of definite species, assortment composition and amount, and the need to develop (specifying) the general provisions of the Forest Code, regulating the use of (implementation) of this type of forest use, the goal is set: on the basis of the analysis of existing information on forest plantations in the country and abroad, to develop guidelines to expand the legal and regulatory methodical maintenance of the plantation and exploitation by solving setting criteria for identification of special plantation forests, development of ecological and silvicultural requirements for selection and use of areas of forest land and other categories for the plantation, forming, with the established requirements, methodical provisions defining selection and provision of plots for this type of use of forests, composition of measures in laying and breeding plantation forests, planning and carrying out cutting of forest planting and harvesting. As the result of solution of these tasks draft guidelines is made, containing system provisions reflecting the characteristics of the plantation, distinguish them from other forest plantations, all (major) requirements and the corresponding measures to establish forest plantations and their operation, as well as proposals designed to repel provisions in the legislation by amending the Forest Code, supplementing the provisions in the legal documents - Terms of forest tending, harvesting rules and others, governing the use of forest plantations for harvesting and other measures to ensure the overall effective establishment and operation of forest plantations, while maintaining ecological and resource potential of forests. In furtherance of the implementation of legislative and legal norms and fundamental methodological facilities for the effective delivery of interventions of creation and use of forest plantations are developed specific guidelines and methodology for creation and operation of certain types of forest plantations, including by the regions of the country are developed.
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Li, Ruida, Hua Zheng, Cuiping Zhang, Bonnie Keeler, Leah H. Samberg, Cong Li, Stephen Polasky, Yongming Ni, and Zhiyun Ouyang. "Rural Household Livelihood and Tree Plantation Dependence in the Central Mountainous Region of Hainan Island, China: Implications for Poverty Alleviation." Forests 11, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020248.
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Plantations support local economies and rural livelihoods in many mountainous regions, where poverty and a fragile environment are often interlinked. Managing plantations sustainably and alleviating poverty is a major challenge. This study reports on the findings of a household livelihood survey in the central mountainous region of Hainan Island, a global biodiversity hotspot. The survey aimed to identify rural household livelihoods, strategies to lift rural households out of poverty and potential environmental consequences of different livelihood strategies. Households were divided into five groups based on their main source of income: plantations, crops, livestock, local off-farm income and remittances. Plantations were the main source of income for 74% of households and provided 46% of the total income. Plantation land area, planting diverse tree species and intercropping were significantly associated with higher income. Reallocating land by family size could increase the proportion of households above the poverty line in the plantation group from 51.3% to 85.3%, while making only 3.3% of households worse off. Lower income households tended to apply more chemicals to plantations, which suggests that they create more strain on the environment. Improving household income through dynamically allocating plantation land and diversifying planted species could therefore be beneficial both socially and environmentally. Our results emphasize the importance of dynamic plantation land allocation and diverse plantation planting in poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability.
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Xu, Jie, Bing Liu, Zhao-lei Qu, Yang Ma, and Hui Sun. "Age and Species of Eucalyptus Plantations Affect Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzymatic Activities." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060811.
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Soil microorganisms and extracellular enzymes play important roles in soil nutrient cycling. Currently, China has the second-largest area of eucalyptus plantations in the world. Information on the effects of eucalyptus age and species of trees on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities, however, is limited. In this paper, the soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were studied in eucalyptus plantations with different ages (1 and 5+ years) and species of trees (E. urophylla×E. grandis, E. camaldulens and E. pellita) in South China. The results showed that both plantation age and eucalyptus species could affect the total microbial biomass and fungal biomass, whereas the bacterial biomass was affected only by plantation age. The fungal biomass and the fungi-to-bacteria ratio significantly increased along with increasing plantation age. Similarly, the plantation age and eucalyptus species significantly affected the enzyme activities associated with carbon cycling (β-xylosidase, β-d-glucuronidase, β-cellobiosidase and β-glucosidase). The activities of β-d-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase were significantly higher in the E. camaldulens plantation. The enzymes involved in nitrogen (N-acetyl-glucosamidase) and sulfur (sulfatase) cycling were only affected by the eucalyptus plantation age and species, respectively. The results highlight the importance of the age and species of eucalyptus plantations on soil microbial activities.
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Robles, Eduardo. "Plantation Houses of North Florida." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 2, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2017.7520.
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<p>The concept of Plantation conjures an image that identifies the North Florida / South Georgia region of the U. S. Leon County attracted many cotton planters from Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina in the 1820’s to the 1850’s. Up to the beginning of the Civil War, Leon County was the 5th largest producer of cotton counting all counties from Florida and Georgia. The Civil War brought the plantation culture to a standstill.</p><p>The plantations transformed the environment based on their need for open fields in which to cultivate different crops, or raise a variety of animals with the help of slaves. From the 1900’s many plantations abandoned their land to nature producing a deep change in the local landscape. Today plantations are not used as much for planting crops but more for hunting or as tree farms. The hunting plantations do not grow crops but provide good conditions for the hunting of animals and birds. Other plantations were torn apart, sold and now are part of the Tallahassee urban fabric. In other words, they disappeared.</p><p>The transformation of the plantations has been slow and steady, and has become the image of the area, even the region. The paper shows five plantations that represent five different evolutions of these traditional landscapes. The landscapes have evolved to accommodate the very local but fluid definition of place. It is this transformation, this evolving identity which helped preserve some of the traditional landscapes and the traditional architecture on them.</p><p>The most prominent feature of the plantation is the “Big House” or plantation house. The house embodies all aspects of the plantation life style. The construction materials and methods reflected the times, the technologies and the available resources.</p><p>The research has been done mainly in the archives of the Tallahassee Trust for Historic Preservation. The results, still pending, explain the land typology as it evolved from the golden decades of the plantation culture to the present day land use.</p>
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Ismanto, Ade Jaya, Madiasa Ablisar, Mahmud Mulyadi, and Mahmul Siregar. "Penerapan Pasal 107 Huruf (D) Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perkebunan Untuk Meminimalisir Tindak Pidana Pencurian Kelapa Sawit Di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV." Locus: Jurnal Konsep Ilmu Hukum 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.56128/jkih.v2i2.23.
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Perkebunan Nusantara IV adalah salah satu peruhsaan perkebunan yang dalam kegiatan usahanya banyak kasus tindak pidana pencurian dan penadahan kelapa sawit. Untuk itu tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tentang penerapan Pasal 107 Huruf D Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perkebunan Untuk Meminimalisir Tindak Pidana Pencurian Yang Terjadi Di Kebun Milik PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan Pasal 107 Huruf D Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perkebunan di Kebun Milik PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV yaitu di PTPN IV Unit Kebun Gunung Bayu dan PTPN IV Unit Kebun Mayang dapat meminimalisir terjadinya pencurian.
Kata kunci: Penerapan Hukum, Tindak Pidana Perkebunan, Pencuri
Abstract
Perkebunan Nusantara IV is one of the plantation companies which in its business activities there are many criminal cases of theft and collection of palm oil. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the application of Article 107 Letter D of Law Number 39 of 2014 concerning Plantations to Minimize the Crime of Theft that Occurs in the Plantation of PT. Nusantara Plantation IV. The results of the study indicate that the application of Article 107 Letter D of Law Number 39 of 2014 concerning Plantations in Plantations Owned by PT. Nusantara IV plantations, namely PTPN IV Gunung Bayu Plantation Unit and PTPN IV Mayang Plantation Unit can minimize theft.
Keywords: Law application, plantation crime, theft
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Nurcahyo, Rahmat Purbo, and Mandala Manurung. "Lahan Perkebunan Terlantar Di Sumatera : Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Dan Potensi Kerugian." Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi 8, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jke.v8i2.25.
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<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em>One of the rapidly-growing subsectors in the agriculture sector in Sumatra is plantation. Increase in output of this plantation subsector encourage expansion of large scale plantations. On the other hand, many of the plantations were abandoned. This study aimed to find the cause, progression and potential losses from abandoned land, using descriptive and quantitative methods. This study resulted that the increase in the plantation subsector output contribution, increase in plantation subsector productivity, encourage the expansion of plantations and increasing the area of abandoned land. Plantation land from forest areas and oil palm plantation land also showed a tendency to be abandoned.</em></p><p align="center"><em>ABSTRAK</em></p><p>Salah satu sub sektor yang tumbuh dengan cepat di sektor pertanian di Sumatera adalah perkebunan. Peningkatan output subsektor perkebunan ini mendorong ekspansi perkebunan skala besar. Di sisi lain, banyak perkebunan yang ditinggalkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan penyebab, perkembangan dan potensi kerugian dari lahan terlantar, menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa peningkatan kontribusi keluaran subsektor perkebunan, peningkatan produktivitas subsektor perkebunan, mendorong perluasan perkebunan dan meningkatkan luas lahan terlantar. Plantation tanah dari kawasan hutan dan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit juga menunjukkan kecenderungan untuk ditinggalkan.</p>
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Rather, Tanveer Ahmad, Amerjeet Singh, and Bilkees Ayoob. "Impact of different silvipastoral systems on understorey vegetation and soil properties." Range Management and Agroforestry 44, no. 02 (December 20, 2023): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i2.22.
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The present investigation was carried out in seven different silvipastoral systems . T -TvizCedrus deodara, - 12Robinia pseudoacacia, - Cupressus torulosa, - Prunus armeniaca, - Ailanthus altissimaTTT, T - mixed 3456plantations and T - grassland (control) of Sindh range, Ganderbal Forest Division, Kashmir Province. It aimed 7to assess floristic composition of different plantations and their impact on understorey vegetation and soil nutrients. The results revealed that 12 shrub and 43 herb species were found in all these systems. Cyanodon dactylon Ailanthus altissima Cupressus torulosa was the dominating species under grassland (control), and plantations. was dominating under plantations.was Oxalis acetosella Cedrus deodara Lolium perenne dominating species under mixed stand, and plantations. Maximum Robinia pseudoacacia Prunus armeniaca available nitrogen was recorded in T - plantation (363.76 kg ha ), whereas the highest 2Robinia pseudoacacia-1values for phosphorus and potassium (23.44 kg ha and 312 kg ha respectively) were recorded in T --1-15Ailanthus altissima plantation. Maximum soil organic carbon and electrical conductivity (2.14% and 0.51 dSm , -1respectively) was recorded in T -plantation. pH in different plantation types followed the 5 Ailanthus altissima trend of T >T T T T >T T plantations.
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Oktarianda, Reby, Nofrizal Nofrizal, and Suwondo Suwondo. "STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN AREAL DENGAN KONSERVASI TINGGI PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (STUDI KASUS PT ADEI PLANTATION & INDUSTRY KEBUN MANDAU)." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 16, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jil.16.2.p.165-177.
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The journey of the development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has always been tinged with negative accusations and influences on export bans at the global level (world market). Facing these allegations, Indonesia has a sustainable oil palm plantation scheme contained in Permentan No. 38 of 2020 which contains the obligation of plantation businesses to own and manage areas with high conservation (NKT) in the company's operational area (HGU). The existence of NKT area in the plantation area becomes a mandatory requirement for sustainable oil palm plantations to be accepted by the world market. This research is important to do because, until now, the study of NKT area management strategies in oil palm plantation areas is still very lacking. This research was conducted at PT Adei Plantation & Industry Kebun Mandau, using survey methods and further analyzed using SWOT. The results of the study obtained the need for PT Adei Plantation & Industry Kebun Mandau to form a special institution of NKT management to manage NKT Area within the HGU area.
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Michniewicz, Wiesław, Grzegorz Pogorzelski, and Tomasz Lesiów. "Risk Analysis of Berry Harvesting in a Blueberry Plantation." Engineering Sciences And Technologies 2022, no. 1(38) (2022): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/nit.2022.38.07.
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The purpose of the study was to conduct a risk analysis of the operation of a highbush blueberry plantation based on the FMEA method. The research was based on the information acquired from two private blueberry plantations differing in location (Sokolniki, Dybów) and acreage size (0.45 ha and 4 ha). It was pointed out that the greatest threat to both plantations, and thus to the quality of the product, turned out to be ensuring proper fertilization and protection from diseases and pests (risk index: 126). In addition, in the case of the first plantation, the location of the plantation (147), cutting and shaping of bushes that have a significant impact on plant development (120) and protection from wild birds (112) were of great importance. Similarly, plantation location, cutting and bush formation (162), yields, commercial quality of the harvest, and plantation location (112) were diagnosed as high risks for the second plantation. The most critical risks to blueberry quality occur at the first link in the logistics chain, i.e. the agricultural producer.
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Rauf, Rahyunir, Nina Yuslaini, Ranggi Ade Febrian, and Sri Maulidiah. "Policy governance in the plantation sector: Challenges and impacts of palm oil in Riau Province, Indonesia." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2024): 3181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i5.3181.
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This study aims to examine and challenge the impact of local government policy governance on the oil palm plantation sector in Riau Province, Indonesia. It was discovered that 1,628 million hectares of illegal oil palm plantations are located within forest areas. Plantation area and crop harvest areas are declining due to the increase in damaged old plants, low productivity of plantation crops, inadequate facilities and infrastructure conditions, low technology application, plantation business licensing, limited downstream plantation industry and marketing, assistance in changing the attitudes, behavior, and skills of farmers. The methodology used was exploratory qualitative to explore this topic, and the determination of research topics was conducted using Biblioshiny application analysis. Then, the data was analyzed using Nvivo 12 Plus software. The results of this study discovered that the policy governance of the oil palm plantation sector as a leading commodity in Riau Province, Indonesia, is influenced by three dimensions: firstly, the actor dimension; secondly, the structural dimension; and third, the empirical dimension of governance. This research contributes as a knowledge reference to oil palm plantations.