Journal articles: 'Plantation labourers'

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Yasmin, Benojir, and Giyasuddin Siddique. "Plateaus to Foothills: The Historical Migration of Tea Garden Labourers from Chotanagpur to North-Eastern Tea Plantation Zones of India during the British Period." Journal of Migration History 10, no. 1 (March 11, 2024): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-10010002.

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Abstract Introduced by British imperialists in the early nineteenth century, tea plantation in India initially suffered from labourer shortages. Far from these tea gardens, the Chotanagpur Plateau region was marked as the major catchment area for recruiting labourers in the period 1840–1940. Thousands of socio-economically weak and marginalised people from the Chotanagpur Plateau were recruited for the newly established tea gardens of North-East India. They were subjected to various forms of exploitation through coercive service conditions. They were confined to these tea plantations for generations, as they had little prospect of moving out of the chain of bondage. That colonial legacy of servitude is still perceptible through the penurious situations of present-day tea garden labourers. This article seeks to analyse the historical context of the major push and pull factors for such large-scale migration of labourers, as well as the forces that rendered them confined to the tea estates through the generations.

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Borkotoky, Namrata. "Locating 'Coolie' Women's Health in Tea Plantation Environments in Colonial Assam." Environment and History 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734021x16076828553502.

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The history of Assam tea plantations in India is well-documented, yet a gender sensitive environmental history of these colonially-introduced plantation landscapes is absent. The colonial tea planters saw advantages in a growing female presence in their plantations, in terms of increased male ties to the plantation, lower wages for female workers and the added benefit of biological reproduction that would fulfil the need for manual labour in these plantations for generations. This paper attempts to understand how this plantation structure in general and the work regime in particular relied on a particular type of gender identity, which in turn had a detrimental effect on the health of the women labourers in this new landscape.

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Teeuwen, Danielle. "Plantation Women and Children." TSEG - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 19, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52024/tseg.8431.

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In the period 1870-1940 over a million Javanese labourers travelled to Sumatra hoping for a better life. Although the literature focuses on the labour activities, working conditions, and wages of male workers, especially from 1900 onwards a substantial part of the hired labourers were women and children. This paper argues that in the late colonial period attempts were made to improve the conditions for family life on the plantations. These policies were aimed at creating a stable pool of workers in a context of widespread labour scarcity. However, improvements were slow, and when a labour surplus occurred during the Great Depression, women's wages and contracts were affected most, which shows the gendered labour policies on the plantations were very much driven by an economic rationale.

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S, Anagha. "Tea Plantation Labour And Facades Of Healthcare In Munnar." ENSEMBLE 2, no. 2 (August 12, 2021): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2021-0202-a031.

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Appropriation of the native people as labourers is an integral feature of colonial enterprises. It often tended to ignore the basic human needs of the subjugated. Colonial rulers started several plantations across India and Munnar tea estate is one among them. Large areas in the high ranges were deforested and migrant labourers were brought with their families. The adverse climatic conditions in an alien land made life in the hills miserable for the labourers, especially for women and children. They were accommodated in congested coolie lanes, which were shared by other families. Contagious diseases were prevalent among them and many succumbed to death. This compelled the planters to take some measures against the health hazards. As the plantations were a separate entity in itself, intervention from government authorities was minimum. Yet the plight of the labourers compelled the authority to enact some laws for the well-being of the workers. In addition to these, some steps were taken by the planter community itself to enhance the health condition of the labourers. This paper dwells on the question whether there was any deliberate negligence on the part of colonial authorities or it was a natural result of the peculiar conditions inherent in the plantations?

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Klaveren, Marieke Van. "Death among Coolies: Mortality of Chinese and Javanese Labourers on Sumatra in the Early Years of Recruitment, 1882–1909." Itinerario 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300022737.

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Travel in search of a better future is an essential part of human history. This paper will examine one aspect of this phenomenon, that of migrating labourers, focusing on the migration and mortality of Javanese and Chinese labourers to the East Coast of Sumatra from 1869 to 1930. One of the goals of this investigation will be to better understand the condition in which they lived. The rate of mortality among Javanese and Chinese labourers is still based on appropriations, because previous scholarship focussed primarily on labour conditions on the plantations and not on the real evidence of mortality of the labourers. Perhaps this is because documentation in the early part of the period is incomplete and hard to come by. It is obvious, however, that from the outset of the plantation society, mortality was high. In Koelies, Planters en Koloniale Politiek, Jan Breman estimated that on Sumatra's East Coast one out of three or four coolies died before his contract had ended. However, reports of hospitals in the area are a source for new evidence about the mortality of the labourers in the early years of their recruitment. This paper will present this evidence.

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Zubir, Zaiyardan. "Dari Mukjizat ke Pemerataan: Kajian Ekonomi Petani Indragiri Hulu 1980—2010." Lembaran Sejarah 12, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.33464.

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Indonesian economic development in the Soeharto’s New Order brought a miracle and absolute poverty. In the case of Indragiri Hulu’s community farmer, that miracle looked up from the massive development oil palm plantation as well as the rapid growth of cities and liveliness of population around the plantation area. While absolute poverty was seen from the deprivation and deforestation of hutan lindung (protected forests), hutan larangan (prohibited forests), hutan adat (customary forests), and hutan ulayat also the expropriation of inhabitan’s land without compensation. Moreover, oil palm plantations changed the status of the surrounding community (from landowners to be labourers), eliminated their additional income, then caused bareforests and flood every rainy.

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Arumugum, Logeswary, and Kingston Pal Thamburaj. "Tamil Plantation Labourers in Malaysian Tamil Folk Songs." Journal of Tamil Peraivu 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jtp.vol5no1.9.

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Wertheim, Wim F. "Conditions on Sugar Estates in Colonial Java: Comparisons with Deli." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (September 1993): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400002630.

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In September 1990 the Centre for Asian Studies Amsterdam (CASA) organized an International Workshop on “Plantation Labour in Colonial Asia”. Most of the presented papers dealt with plantations where the workforce had to be imported from distant regions, sometimes even from abroad. The type of human community originating from such recruitment policies often resulted in a typical frontier society, characterized by extreme harshness on the part of the white planters, and by a sense of utter alienation and isolation among the Asian labourers.

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Islam, Syed Manzoorul. "Sex, sugar and slavery:." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2009): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v2i1.396.

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Sugarcane plantation began in the Caribbean from the early 16th century, with the arrival of Portuguese colonizers led by Christopher Columbus who planted seed canes in Santo Domingo in 1493. With demand for sugar increasing in Europe throughout the century, sugar plantations and sugar mills were set up throughout the region. Work in the sugarcane fields was cruel and energy-sapping, and hardly any European opted for such backbreaking work. As a result, a huge number of indentured labourers had to be imported from Africa and East India. These labourers were treated as slaves and were routinely brutalized and controlled by deadly force. The history of their subjugation and control had the body at its core, since the colonizers found it easy to establish their mastery through control and defilement of the slave’s body. The torture and mutilation incapacitated the slaves from performing gender roles. But the ‘ungendered’ slaves also reverted to their biological and sexual selves and employed the power of the body and sex to mount resistance against the colonizers. The resultant violence added a further dimension to the history of colonial resistance. David Dabydeen, a Guyanese poet, picks up this volatile history of colonial sugarcane plantation in his Slave Songs, with particular emphasis on the “erotic-sadomasochistic nature of slavery and plantation life.” The fourteen poems written in Creole probe the interconnectedness of sexuality, sugarcane and the body, and trace the history of both colonial subjugation and resistance.

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Baak, Paul E. "About Enslaved Ex-slaves, Uncaptured Contract Coolies and Unfreed Freedmen: Some Notes about ‘Free’ and ‘Unfree’ Labour in the Context of Plantation Development in Southwest India, Early Sixteenth Century–Mid 1990s." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (January 1999): 121–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x99003108.

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In the literature on plantation development in Asia, the issue of ‘free’ versus ‘unfree’ labour has been very much debated. To start with, a first group of scholars argues that from the workers' point of view the decision to work on the plantations seems to have been a rational and conscious choice (see for example: Galenson 1984; Emmer 1986). They stress that a high degree of social differentiation in the various Asian societies has made low-class people leave their areas whenever an improvement in their position seemed possible. Most plantation workers came from areas where they had only limited or no access to the means of production and where many of them were indebted to local landlords and/or moneylenders. For low-caste Indian labourers, the opportunity to work on plantations meant a way out of their depressed conditions in their caste-ridden villages.

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Van Galen, Cornelis W., Björn Quanjer, Matthias Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge, and Matthijs Kraijo. "Endless Digging and Endless Picking. Sex Ratios and Gendered Labour in Surinamese Plantations, 1830–1863." Historical Life Course Studies 10 (March 31, 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9566.

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In this article we study the question why the sex ratio among the enslaved population of plantation workers reversed from a male to a female surplus between 1830 and the abolition of slavery in 1863. We use the Historical Database of Suriname (HDS) to answer this question in three steps. First, we give a broad overview of the changing sex ratios in the various Surinamese regions between 1838 and 1861. Second, we study the age structure on three plantations in the district Coronie in 1830 in detail. Finally, we use muster rolls available for the Catharina Sophia plantation in the period 1848–1849 to analyse the gendered division of labour. Our results indicate that both the male surpluses during the 1830s and the subsequent skew of the sex ratios towards females were the effects of a gendered division of labour, in which plantation managers preferred male labourers for heavy and unhealthy work in the construction and upkeep of plantation polders. This led to an excess mortality of enslaved men.

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Kimengsi, Jude N., Julius N. Lambi, and Solange A. Gwan. "Reflections on the Role of Plantations in Development: Lessons from the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC)." Sustainability in Environment 1, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v1n1p1.

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<p><em>Plantation agriculture under the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) registers an average annual turnover of over 50billion FCFA. The corporation is hailed as a major contributor to development in Cameroon. However, conceptualizing development in terms of inequality reduction through the increase in social benefits to disadvantaged groups paints a completely different picture of the corporation. Empirical work shows that although farm labourers are central to the corporation’s economic success, they are yet to fully benefit from the proceeds of plantation agriculture. The lack of significant improvements in residential and income standards of the multitude of the CDC farm labourers contradicts the view of the corporation as a “development” agent. The corporation has seemingly maintained a deplorable social responsibility record wherein farm labourers are the sacrificial lambs in the quest for increased economic output which is then proclaimed as “development”. This paper contradicts the praises sung by different authors to the CDC as an agent of development by giving an insight on the living conditions of a majority of the workers of this parastatal. It therefore looks beyond gross economic outputs by providing knowledge on what really trickles down to the underprivileged majority.</em></p>

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Emmer, P. C. "Caribbean Plantations and Indentured Labour, 1640–1917: A Constructive or Destructive Deviation from the Free Labour Market?" Itinerario 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300022713.

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In surveying the negative effects of the expansion of Europe it seems difficult to find an area which was worse affected than the Caribbean. The autochthonous population of Amerindians had been decimated on a scale unknown elsewhere. Rather than becoming an attractive refuge for migrant Europeans, the Caribbean became the home of plantation agriculture, which ruthlessly destroyed the existing environment and small scale farming. To top it all, the Caribbean plantations needed a constant influx of labourers. The success of Caribbean exports created a paradox: the region was in constant and increasing need of manpower while at the same time the number European migrants was decreasing rapidly

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Gonzales, Michael J. "Chinese Plantation Workers and Social Conflict in Peru in the late Nineteenth Century." Journal of Latin American Studies 21, no. 3 (October 1989): 385–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00018496.

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As the world capitalist system developed during the nineteenth century non-slave labour became a commodity that circulated around the globe and contributed to capital accumulation in metropolitan centres. The best examples are the emigration of millions of Asian indentured servants and European labourers to areas of European colonisation. Asians replaced emancipated African slaves on plantations in the Caribbean and South America, supplemented a declining slave population in Cuba, built railways in California, worked in mines in South Africa, laboured on sugarcane plantations in Mauritius and Fiji, and served on plantations in southeast Asia. Italian immigrants also replaced African slaves on coffee estates in Brazil, worked with Spaniards in the seasonal wheat harvest in Argentina, and, along with other Europeans, entered the growing labour market in the United States. From the perspective of capital, these workers were a cheap alternative to local wage labour and, as foreigners without the rights of citizens, they could be subjected to harsher methods of social control.1

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Nath, Uthara R. "Socio-Economic Deprivation of Women Tea Plantation Labourers in Idukki District." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 2267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4410.

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Syarifudin, Muhammad Bahtiar, Ari Sapto, and Reza Hudiyanto. "Kehidupan buruh perkebunan kopi di Dampit tahun 1870-1930." Historiography 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um081v3i22023p174-185.

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The end of the cultuurstelseel policy and the emergence of the Agrarian Law of 1870 led to the development of plantations on a large scale, because this system gave private parties the right to develop their business in the field of export commodities by leasing native land. This has caused many people to migrate from villages to plantation areas to work as plantation labourers. This study attempts to describe the development of plantations which have begun to expand into inland areas on the island of Java, especially in Malang. Besides that, how is the life of plantation workers as plantation workers, where plantation workers occupy the lowest strata in stratification. This paper is reviewed using the historical method with sources that have been collected in the form of photo archives and documents, as well as several written sources in the form of books and articles. The policies implemented by the Dutch East Indies government greatly influenced the life of the indigenous people, especially from a social and economic point of view of the community itself. Berakhirnya kebijakan cultuurstelsel dan munculnya UU Agraria tahun 1870 menyebabkan perkembangan perkebunan secara besar besaran, karena sistem tersebut memberikan hak kepada pihak swasta untuk mengembangkan bisnisnya dibidang komoditas ekspor dengan cara menyewa tanah bumiputera. Hal itu menyebabkan banyaknya migrasi masyarakat dari desa menuju ke kawasan perkebunan untuk bekerja sebagai buruh perkebunan. Kajian ini berusaha menggambarkan perkembangan perkebunan yang mulai meluas ke area pedalaman di pulau Jawa terutama di Malang. Selain itu bagaimana kehidupan buruh perkebunan sebagai tenaga kerja yang menempati strata paling bawah dalam stratifikasi. Tulisan ini dikaji menggunakan metode sejarah dengan sumber yang sudah dikumpulkan berupa arsip foto maupun dokumen, serta beberapa sumber tertulis berupa buku dan artikel. Kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Hindia-Belanda sangat mempengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat bumiputera, terutama dari segi sosial maupun ekonomi masyarakat itu sendiri.

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Sudha, P. "Social Realism as the Key Theme in Mulk Raj Anand’s Novel ‘Two Leaves and a Bud’." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, S2-March (March 30, 2024): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11is2-march.7533.

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Mulk Raj Anand’s “Two Leaves and a Bud”was published in 1937 which dives into the complex dynamics of colonial India’s tea plantations, depicting the harsh reality experienced by labourers against the backdrop of British empire. This paper will examine the subject of social realism in Anand’s novel focusing on the author’s representation of wretched plight of Assam tea-plantation workers, the working-class exploitation, difficulties, and perseverance. This article elucidates the writers use of the theme social realism which sheds light on the economic, social, and political inequities prevalent during the colonial era by examining character interactions, narrative development. Social realism was largely popular towards the close of the nineteenth century. Anand exposes colonialism’s degrading consequences on underprivileged populations by documenting the daily lives of tea plantation workers and their interactions with tyranny, prejudice, and class disparities. The paper contends that “Two Leaves and a Bud” is a tribute to Mulk Raj Anand’s eye on social realism, providing readers with a clear depiction of the human experience amid the turbulent terrain of colonial India and exploitation being the major theme of the novel.

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Abdel-Shehid, Malek. "A Home in Disorder is not a Home: Examining Race in Trinidad and Tobago." Caribbean Quilt 5 (May 19, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/caribbeanquilt.v5i0.34365.

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Among its neighbours, the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago stands out due to its ethnic makeup. The population of most Caribbean nations is mainly of African descent; similar to Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago is evenly divided between Afro-Trinidadians and Indo-Trinidadians. Unlike many of the other Caribbean colonies, Trinidad and Tobago were not extensive plantation economies until much later in the colonial period (Paton 291). This is one of the main reasons why the country presently hosts a proportionately lower Afro-Trinidadian population in comparison to other Caribbean countries. While other ethno-cultural groups reside in the country, the aforementioned groups have dominated the landscape in numbers since at least the early 20th century (United Nations Statistics Division). Afro-Trinidadians are generally descendants of enslaved Africans brought to the Caribbean to serve as plantation labourers; Indo-Trinidadians are generally the descendants of South Asian indentured labourers brought to Trinidad to fulfill the same role following the abolition of slavery in the British West Indies. Trinidad and Tobago's long history of colonial subjugation has bred a modern social hierarchy highly tied to race. Racial categories centered around physical characteristics and created during the colonial period have been instrumental in the development of this social hierarchy. Its institutionalization within the country’s modern national political system has resulted in persisting legacies evident throughout modern Trinidadian society. I focus on the island of Trinidad (while still making occasional reference to Tobago) and argue that Trinidadian national unity has been hampered by the foundations laid by the plantation system and consolidated by the modern political system.

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Krishnan, Parameswari, Azharudin Mohd Dali, Abdullah Zakaria Ghazali, and Shritharan Subramanian. "The History of Toddy Drinking and Its Effects on Indian Labourers in Colonial Malaya, 1900–1957." Asian Journal of Social Science 42, no. 3-4 (2014): 321–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04203006.

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At present, studies on the history of Indians in colonial Malaya have been described as one-dimensional, with the discussion mainly focusing on their arrival as immigrant groups and their involvement in the plantation sector. Other aspects of Indian history in colonial Malaya were not given proper emphasis, especially on matters considered taboo, such as those arising from toddy consumption. Even though it was acknowledged as a form of social ill, its history is rarely discussed. The introduction and supply of toddy in almost all estates at the time led to consequences that affected the quality of life of the estate labour community. This study, realising the situation, draws attention to the history of the development of toddy drinking and its effects among the Indian estate labourers in Malaya from 1900 to 1957. This study also highlights the reactions that existed on the issue of toddy and British action. In summary, this study seeks to prove that the over indulgence of toddy among Indian labourers developed at a rapid pace in Malaya, and not in India. The key information behind this situation is the growth of toddy shops in every plantation with Indian settlers, as well as British interests that wished to maintain a profitable industry, such as toddy.

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Suraweera, SMBL, and Bgvagi Jayasinghe. "Are Welfare Facilities Affecting Job Satisfaction?" International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, no. VII (2023): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.10725.

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Human capital in today’s business world becomes an organization’s most precious resource. In contrast to financial assets, human assets can be created, optimized and driven for achieving an organization’s targets and objectives. In addition, happy workers would make the organization’s priorities and goals smoothly achieved. Retaining workers satisfaction is therefore a requirement for every organization. The main emphasis of this research was on the relationship between the welfare facilities and labourers’ job satisfaction. This analysis tests empirically five independent variables (health and safety facility, education facility, housing facility, transport facility, sanitary facility) and their relation to job satisfaction of labours in the tea plantation industry with reference to: Nuwara Eliya district. The sample consists with 100 of respondents selected from convenience sampling procedure. Research showed that there are strong positive relationships between health and safety, transport facilities and educational facilities, and that residential and sanitary facilities have moderate positive relationships.

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Sarkar, Sumita. "Closure of Tea Gardens and Displaced Livelihoods: A Study of Women Plantation Labourers." Journal of Exclusion Studies 3, no. 1 (2013): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.2231-4555.3.1.008.

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Lockley, Tim. "The Overseers of Early American Slavery: Supervisors, Enslaved Labourers, and the Plantation Enterprise." American Nineteenth Century History 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2020.1840728.

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Urrego Mesa, Alexander. "Cambio institucional y sociedad esclavista: la intensificación del mercado de trabajo esclavo en Matanzas (Cuba), 1755-1810." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 76 (November 28, 2018): 49–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.076e02u.

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The long term institutional approach has created a static view of Cuba as a slave society throughout the entire Colonial per iod. This ossification of institutional change in Cuba has been criticized by the historiog raphy on slaver y, which has still to define the characteristics and timing of changes in slave ownership. The aim of this article is to understand the rise of a slave society in Cuba, to analyse temporal aspects of the transformation towards a plantation economy in the last decades of the eighteenth centur y, and to describe its main features. For this purpose, the institutional changes and resulting economic g rowth are analysed using the social orders framework proposed by Nor th, Wallis and Weingast (2009). The slave market is studied with empirical data from the church records of the San Carlos cathedral in Matanzas, Cuba, and span the 1755-1810 timeframe. The data indicate that the 1780s were a time of increasing black workforce availability and growing numbers of slave owners; while the 1790s involved the establishment of the plantation system, along with a massive influx of male labourers and the expanding size of plantations. This lends support to the use of the slave labour market for institutional change analysis and the genesis of a slave society.

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Giusti-Cordero, Juan A. "Labour, Ecology and History in a Puerto Rican Plantation Region: “Classic” Rural Proletarians Revisited." International Review of Social History 41, S4 (December 1996): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000114270.

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The sugar workers of large-scale capitalist plantations in the Caribbean are familiar figures in social history. As portrayed in Sidney Mintz's landmark research in southern Puerto Rico, sugar workers are manifest rural proletarians: landless wage labourers exploited by “land-and-factory combines”. In Mintz's studies, Puerto Rican sugar workers became the classic case of modern rural proletarians. Such rural proletarians are the dichotomous opposite of peasants: hence given rural populations are either peasants or rural proletarians.

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Sharma, Umesh, and Helen Irvine. "The social consequences of control: accounting for indentured labour in Fiji 1879-1920." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 13, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 130–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-04-2015-0039.

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Purpose This is a study of the social consequences of accounting controls over labour. This paper aims to examine the system of tasking used to control Indian indentured workers in the historical context of Fijian sugar plantations during the British colonial period from 1879 to 1920. Design/methodology/approach Archival data consisting of documents from the Colonial Secretary’s Office, reports and related literature on Indian indentured labour were accessed from the National Archives of Fiji. In addition, documented accounts of the experiences of indentured labourers over the period of the study gave voice to the social costs of the indenture system, highlighting the social impact of accounting control systems. Findings Accounting and management controls were developed to extract surplus value from Indian labour. The practice of tasking was implemented in a plantation structure where indentured labourers were controlled hierarchically. This resulted in their exploitation and consequent economic, social and racial marginalisation. Research limitations/implications Like all historical research, our interpretation is limited by the availability of archival documents and the theoretical framework chosen to examine these documents. Practical implications The study promotes a better understanding of the practice and impact of accounting controls within a particular institutional setting, in this case the British colony of Fiji. Social implications By highlighting the social implications of accounting controls in their historical context, we alert corporations, government policy makers, accountants and workers to the socially damaging effects of exploitive management control systems. Originality/value The paper contributes to the growing body of literature highlighting the social effects of accounting control systems. It exposes the social costs borne by indentured workers employed on Fijian sugar plantations.

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Beckles, Hilary McD. "Plantation Production and White “Proto-Slavery”: White Indentured Servants and the Colonisation of the English West Indies, 1624-1645." Americas 41, no. 3 (January 1985): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007098.

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Two dominant features of agricultural history in the English West Indies are the formation of the plantation system and the importation of large numbers of servile labourers from diverse parts of the world—Africa, Europe and Asia. In Barbados and the Leeward Islands, the backbone of early English colonisation of the New World, large plantations developed within the first decade of settlement. The effective colonisation of these islands, St. Christopher (St. Kitts) in 1624, Barbados 1627, Nevis 1628, Montserrat and Antigua 1632, was possible because of the early emergence of large plantations which were clearly designed for large scale production, and the distribution of commodities upon the world market; they were instrumental in forging an effective and profitable agrarian culture out of the unstable frontier environment of the seventeenth century Caribbean. These plantations, therefore, preceded the emergence of the sugar industry and the general use of African slave labour; they developed during the formative years when the production of tobacco, cotton and indigo dominated land use, and utilised predominatly European indentured labour. The structure of land distribution and the nature of land tenure Systems in the pre-sugar era illustrate this. Most planters who accelerated the pace of economic growth in the late 1640's and early 1650's by the production of sugar and black slave labour, already owned substantial plantations stocked with large numbers of indentured servants.

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Forbin, V. Dione Makoge Epse, H. Maat, L. Vaandrager, and M. Koelen. "Poverty and health among CDC plantation labourers in Cameroon: Perceptions, challenges and coping strategies." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.804.

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Makoge, Valerie, Lenneke Vaandrager, Harro Maat, and Maria Koelen. "Poverty and health among CDC plantation labourers in Cameroon: Perceptions, challenges and coping strategies." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2017): e0006100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006100.

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Kangalawe, Hezron. "“Drinking too much, they can’t Work”: The Settlers, the Hehe Work Discipline and Environmental Conservation in Mufindi, Tanzania, 1920-1960." Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 125–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tza20211315.

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The colonial state’s relation with the settlers and with plantation owners in Tanganyika was largely precarious. This article uses the Mufindi area to navigate the contrasting views of the settlers and the colonial state on poor response of the black labourers to work and ‘poor environmental management’ amidst increasing number of ‘natives’ between 1920 and 1960. The available data indicates that the colonial state remained a settlers’ broker in securing farming land while acting as the guardian of the natives’ interests of land ownership. As such, state responses exhibited a high degree of pragmatism. In Mufindi area of Iringa district, German settlers specialized in tea farming while British nationals were engaged in wheat production in the Sao Hill. The settlers, despite their numerical inferiority, pressed hard the government to grant them more land and create policies to compel Africans to work on their farms. Building on primary and secondary sources, this article adds to the existing historiography on colonial agriculture by analyzing the settler complaints over labourers’ low work discipline in previously unexplored area of Mufindi.

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Emmer, P. C. "IX. Asians Compared: Some Observations regarding Indian and Indonesian Indentured Labourers in Surinam, 1873-1939." Itinerario 11, no. 1 (March 1987): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300009438.

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The drive towards the abolition of the slave trade at the beginning of the 19th century was not effective until the 1850s. It was perhaps the only migratory intercontinental movement in history which came to a complete stop because of political pressures in spite of the fact that neither the supply nor the demand for African slaves had disappeared.Because of the continuing demand for bonded labour in some of the plantation areas in the New World (notably the Guiana's, Trinidad, Cuba and Brazil) and because of a new demand for bonded labour in the developing sugar and mining industries in Mauritius, Réunion, Queensland (Australia), Natal (South Africa), the Fiji-islands and Hawaii an international search for ‘newslaves’ started.

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Stevenson, Simon. "Open Field or Enclosure? Peasants, Planters’ Agents and Lawyers in Jamaica, 1866–1875." Rural History 12, no. 1 (April 2001): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002260.

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AbstractThe fencing of boundaries so as to confine or exclude cattle was a major preoccupation in the most densely populated parishes of Jamaica in the mid nineteenth century. Part-time labourers (who constituted a new semi-peasantry) were being settled on the fringes of the old estates in increasing numbers, having been granted licenses or pretended leases for land on which they grew their crops. The same ‘attorneys’ who managed the older declining plantations where such squatting was arranged also tended to be introducing cattle in place of sugar and they wished to shift the costs of fencing onto their small ‘peasant’ occupiers. However, English law, which imposed an obligation to fence in cattle, initially assisted the peasantry. The attorneys therefore looked to New World models that would require those growing crops to fence out animals. This article examines actions in court and the agitation in more detail so as to suggest that fencing was a major source of inter-racial friction in the period before and after the Morant Bay rebellion, but with the outcome strongly favouring a late-century resurgence in the plantation economy.

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Gogoi, Bijoy. "Changing Nature of Labour Movement in the Organized sector industry: A Reflection on the Tea Plantations of Assam." Think India 22, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 410–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8743.

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Purpose of the study: The purpose of the paper is to study the changing nature of Labour Movement in an Organized Sector industry of Assam i.e. Tea Plantation. Methodology: The study is based on both the primary and secondary sources such as available archival materials, historical documents of different trade unions/ labour movements etc. Moreover, the insights gathered through consultation of such materials along with already published literature, official reports etc. Main Findings: The labourers of tea gardens of Assam during the colonial period mobilized mainly for the economic demands and for the oppressive nature of the colonial state but after independence their movement is converted into political (identity) movement.

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Allen, Richard B. "Capital, Illegal Slaves, Indentured Labourers and the Creation of a Sugar Plantation Economy in Mauritius, 1810–60." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 36, no. 2 (June 2008): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086530802180569.

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Abraham, Vinoj, and Mithesh Madhavan. "Performance of the Plantation Sector During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 3 (September 2020): 438–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220988064.

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This study explores the impact that COVID-19 and its preventive measures would have on the plantation sector, covering four important crops—tea, coffee, rubber and cardamom. The study traces the channels through which the pandemic and the lockdown measures would impact the sector. These channels are the disruptions in seasonal operations, in factor and resource supplies; transport, storage and processing; marketing and sales; and demand conditions. These disruptions get manifested in price, quantity and revenue. These are estimated for the four crops separately. The total unrealised revenue due to the lockdown is estimated to be ₹38.4364 billion for the lockdown period from 24 March to 31 May 2020. This does not include the losses that are to be incurred due to the demand decline, supply chain disruptions and price fall that is to be manifested in future. This massive economic disaster is bound to have a severe impact on the plantation economy, especially the small growers and the labourers. Urgent measures need to be taken up to arrest the losses and revive the sector. Yet there is very little in the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ package that would help tide over this economic crisis. Immediate measures aimed at demand rejuvenation, arrest of price fall, restarting of plantation operations and restoring of supply chains is called for. The vantage point of the commodity boards must be exploited to reach out to the stakeholders. JEL classification: M38, Q11, Q13, R11

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Chaudhury, Samrat, and Nitin Varma. "Between Gods/Goddesses/Demons and 'Science': Perceptions of Health and Medicine among Plantation Labourers in Jalpaiguri District, Bengal." Social Scientist 30, no. 5/6 (May 2002): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3518000.

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Vanhaelen, Angela. "Art, Affect, and Enslavement: The Song of the Oxcart in Colonial Dutch Brazil." Arts 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13010025.

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Focusing on a single artwork, Frans Post’s painting called The Oxen Cart of 1638, this article explores what Édouard Glissant calls the emotional apartheid of the plantation system. It argues that the affective evasion of Post’s painting fosters anti-Black racism by denying the full humanity of captive peoples. The painting is read together with Caspar Barlaeus’s contemporary apologia for the leadership of Maurits of Nassau, who was the governor-general of Dutch Brazil and Post’s patron. Focusing on classical and Neostoic understandings of governance and enslavement, the article turns to Paul Alpers’s analysis of the pastoral mode as an art of evasion that justifies the exploitation of rural labourers. It concludes by taking up Saidiya Hartman’s concept of critical fabulation to consider the oppositional views and counter-narratives expressed in the music-making traditions of enslaved people.

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ALAGIRISAMY, DARINEE. "Toddy, Race, and Urban Space in Colonial Singapore, 1900–59." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 05 (May 14, 2019): 1675–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1700083x.

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AbstractBritish Malaya's toddy industry features in history as a problem that plagued the plantation economy, when the city toddy shop was no less important in contributing to a racialized discourse of modernity in Singapore. Although colonial policy served to engender the racialization of toddy drinking as a peculiarly Tamil vice, toddy's social life in Singapore demonstrates that it became the poor man's beer regardless of race. The alcoholic drink gave rise to new adaptations, enterprises, and innovations in colonial Singapore, thus carving out a unique place for itself in the city's cultural landscape. Yet, Singapore's toddy industry dominated the public spotlight for less palatable reasons, which rendered it the subject of numerous demands for increased government regulation. The colonial government responded with a slew of measures that often differed from the federation's toddy policy. Singapore's toddy industry yielded divergent imaginaries of modernity, particularly in the aftermath of the Second World War. Some reformers sought its abolition or relocation away from city spaces, whilst others demanded its modernization on the grounds that this meagre establishment was the labourer's sole source of recreation. In light of recent developments that have prompted the government's intervention in limiting migrant labourers’ access to alcohol, this article will examine the considerations that informed the colonial establishment's urban toddy policy and its corresponding impact on Singapore society as it sped towards decolonization. Through an exploration of toddy's treatment in the English-language press, oral histories, and colonial office records, this article seeks to contribute perspectives on an aspect of Singapore's social history that remains largely unexplored.

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Brandon, Pepijn. "Between the Plantation and the Port: Racialization and Social Control in Eighteenth-Century Paramaribo." International Review of Social History 64, S27 (March 26, 2019): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085901900004x.

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AbstractStarting from an incident in the colonial port city of Paramaribo in the autumn of 1750 in which, according to the Dutch governor Mauricius, many of the proper barriers separating rich and poor, men and women, adults and children, white citizens and black slaves were crossed, this article traces some of the complexities of everyday social control in colonial Suriname. As gateways for the trade in commodities and the movement of people, meeting points for free and unfree labourers, and administrative centres for emerging colonial settlements, early modern port cities became focal points for policing interaction across racial and social boundaries. Much of the literature on the relationship between slavery and race focuses on the plantation as “race-making institution” and the planter class as the immediate progenitors of “racial capitalism”. Studies of urban slavery, on the other hand, have emphasized the greater possibilities of social contact between blacks,mestizos, and whites of various social status in the bustling port cities of the Atlantic. This article attempts to understand practices of racialization and control in the port city of Paramaribo not by contrasting the city with its plantation environment, but by underlining the connections between the two social settings that together shaped colonial geography. The article focuses on everyday activities in Paramaribo (dancing, working, drinking, arguing) that reveal the extent of contact between slaves and non-slaves. The imposition of racialized forms of repression that set one group against the other, frequently understood primarily as a means to justify the apparent stasis of the plantation system with its rigid internal divisions, in practice often functioned precisely to fight the pernicious effects of mobility in mixed social contexts.

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Pakiam, Geoffrey Kevin. "Why don’t some cuisines travel? Charting palm oil’s journey from West African staple to Malayan chemical." Journal of Global History 15, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022819000329.

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AbstractThis study uses food as a lens to examine three historical phenomena: globalization’s limits, the rise of plantation-centric monocultures, and the resilience of social norms within migrant societies. The article scrutinizes the West African oil palm’s initial journey to, and reception within, the Malay Peninsula, one of the world’s largest exporters of palm oil by the end of the twentieth century. The article pays special attention to changes in the crop’s perceived food value during the interwar years, a facet overlooked by earlier scholarship. Five different migrant groups in Malaya – planter households, Asian cooks, colonial officials, government chemists, and estate labourers – played critical roles in transforming palm oil into a crop purely for industrial purposes, rather than subsistence. The peculiarities of Malaya’s social context are further sharpened by comparisons with Latin America and West Africa, where different clusters of migrants propagated the oil palm’s subsistence cultures, instead of shunning them.

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Shunmugaraja, J. "British Colonialism and Tamil Society: Obliterations and Exodus." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 7, no. 3 (January 1, 2023): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v7i3.5834.

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The British were the forerunners of publicizing indentured labour system in the globe. In the beginning the structure was tentatively observed in their American Colony Jamestown. Initially, the whites had also comprised with the indentured labourers category. After the black population arrived in 1619, who had subdued by the indentured labour system were mercilessly hounded by their white masters. Slavery, thus, replaced indentured system in the New World. In Mauritius, such an exigency had arisen when slavery was abolished in 1834. The exploitative experiences of their past urged them to take to the system of indentured labour to ensure prompt supply of labour for their plantation work. The slaves emancipated in the wake of slavery abolition in 1834 were in no mood to opt for plantation work. Therefore the white planters in Mauritius had to look to India for their alternative source of labour supply. While commencing the study period have restricted from 1834 to 1922. 1834 was the year in which slavery was abolished in Mauritius. 1922 was the year in which a comprehensive Act streamlining the old process of immigration was adopted by the Indian legislature. The paper has been classified into four parts. The first, second and third parts of the paper are very comprehensively discussing about the negative effects of the British colonialism, degradation of the economic state and the ground reality of the 19th century Tamil society. The concluding part of the paper has made an attempt to give an outline about the 19th century colonial Tamil Diaspora of the world.

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Maat, Harro, and Tinde van Andel. "The history of the rice gene pool in Suriname: circulations of rice and people from the eighteenth century until late twentieth century." Historia Agraria. Revista de agricultura e historia rural 75 (June 1, 2018): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.075e04m.

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Alongside the trans-Atlantic slave trade, plant species travelled from Africa to the Americas and back. This article examines the emerging rice gene pool in Suriname due to the global circulation of people, plants and goods. We distinguish three phases of circulation, marked by two major transitions. Rice was brought to the Americas by European colonizers, mostly as food on board of slave ships. In Suriname rice started off as a crop grown only by Maroon communities in the forests of the Suriname interior. For these runaway slaves cultivating several types of rice for diverse purposes played an important role in restoring some of their African culture. Rice was an anti-commodity that acted as a signal of protest against the slave-based plantation economy. After the end of slavery, contract labourers recruited from British India and the Dutch Indies also brought rice to Suriname. These groups grew rice as a commodity for internal and global markets. This formed the basis of a second transition, turning rice into an object of scientific research. The last phase of science-driven circulation of rice connected the late-colonial period with the global Green Revolution.

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Newman, Simon P. "Freedom-Seeking Slaves in England and Scotland, 1700–1780*." English Historical Review 134, no. 570 (October 2019): 1136–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cez292.

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Abstract This essay explores the experiences of enslaved people who sought to escape their bondage in England and Scotland during the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century. It argues that, while the conditions of their servitude in Britain may appear closer to those of white British servants than those of enslaved plantation labourers in the colonies, the experiences of these people were conditioned by the experiences of and the threat of return to colonial enslavement. For some successful Britons an enslaved serving boy was a visible symbol of success, and a great many enslaved men, women, youths and children were brought to Great Britain during the eighteenth century. Some accompanied visiting colonists and ships’ officers, while others came to Britain with merchants, planters, clergymen and physicians who were returning home. Some of the enslaved sought to seize freedom by escaping. Utilising newspaper advertisements placed by owners seeking the capture and return of these runaways (as well as advertisements offering enslaved people for sale), the essay demonstrates that many such people were regarded by their masters and mistresses as enslaved chattel property. Runaways were often traumatised by New World enslavement, and all too aware that they might easily be sold or returned to the horrors of Caribbean and American slavery: improved work conditions in Britain did not lessen the psychological and physical effects of enslavement from which they sought to escape.

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Surekha, Dr. "Human Rights and Portrayal of Women in Indian English Fiction." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2023): 083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.81.10.

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Human Rights” are those rights which belong to an individual as a consequence of being a human being. It is birth right inherent in all the individuals irrespective of their caste, creed, religion, sex and nationality. Human Rights, essential for all round development of the personality of the individual in society and therefore, ought to be protected and be made available to all individuals. Literature has substantially contributed to the protection of human rights. Literature can inspire us to change our world and give us the comfort, hope, passion and strength that we need in order to fight to create a better future for us. The literary creation such novels, short-stories etc. are the mirror of society. The novelists of Indian writing in English are keenly aware of the fundamental incongruities which life and world are confronting us in day to day life. The heroes of R.K. Narayan present the ironies of life and the heroines expose the deprivation of common housewives who are denied equal rights in their day to day life. Mulk Raj Anand is a great humanist and his prime concern is human predicament. Manohar Malgoankar presents the pathetic life of the labourers of tea-plantation of Assam. Kamla Markandeya highlights pitiable conditions of peasants of India. Anita Desai shows the denial of social justice to women. Khuswant Singh and Salman Rushdie draw attention towards sexual abuse of children. Thus, literature carries the human experience which reaches the heart of those who have been treated improperly by denial of basic human rights.

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McKichan, Finlay. "Lord Seaforth: Highland Proprietor, Caribbean Governor and Slave Owner." Scottish Historical Review 90, no. 2 (October 2011): 204–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2011.0034.

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Historians have recently investigated the inter-relationship between Scotland and various parts of the British Empire. Francis Humberston Mackenzie of Seaforth (1754–1815) was a Highland proprietor in what has become known as ‘The First Phase of Clearance’, was governor of Barbados (1801–6) in the sensitive period immediately before the abolition of the British slave trade and was himself a plantation owner in Berbice (Guiana). He overcame his profound deafness to become an energetic public figure. The article compares his attitudes and actions to establish how far there was a consistency of approach in each of his capacities. It is suggested that his concern for his Highland small tenants was paralleled by his ambition in Barbados to make the killing of a slave by a white a capital offence, by his attempts to give free coloureds the right to testify against whites and by his aim to provide good conditions for his own enslaved labourers in Berbice. It is argued that he had a conservative world view which led him to support slavery and the slave trade (for which he can be criticised), but which also gave him a concern for the welfare of people for whom he felt responsible. The balance between humanitarianism and more pragmatic considerations in his decision-making is considered. Another parallel between the Highlands, Barbados and Berbice is that his good intentions were often of short-term or limited advantage to the intended beneficiaries. The reasons for this are investigated. A comparison is also made between Seaforth's authority and influence as a Highland proprietor and the restrictions and the frustrations he experienced as an active Caribbean governor.

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Imadudin, Kunto Sofianto, dan Miftahul Falah, Iim. "GERAKAN SOSIAL DI TANAH PARTIKELIR PAMANUKAN DAN CIASEM 1913." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v4i3.157.

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AbstrakSepanjang tahun 1913 berlangsung serangkaian kerusuhan atau pergolakan sosial di tanah Pamanukan dan Ciasem yang melibatkan petani dan para pekerja di satu pihak, dan pengusaha perkebunan dan pemerintah kolonial di pihak lain. Peristiwa tersebut mencerminkan adanya ketegangan diantara komponen masyarakat baik yang bersifat horizontal maupun vertikal. Di tanah partikelir Pamanukan dan Ciasem, tuan tanah melakukan eksploitasi terhadap tanah dan petani yang hidup di wilayahnya. Di tanah partikelir tidak ada lagi hubungan yang bersifat mutualisme, tetapi beralih pada aspek komersialisasi pertanian. Para petani yang bekerja pada perkebunan-perkebunan asing sering diperlakukan dengan semena-mena. Maka timbullah gerakan sosial yang dimotivasi oleh perasaan keagamaan dan berkembang meluas. Penelitian yang mempergunakan metode sejarah ini bertujuan mengungkap gerakan sosial dan respons pemerintah kolonial terhadap gerakan para petani di tanah Pamanukan dan Ciasem. Penelitian mengenai gerakan sosial merupakan tema riset yang menarik sekaligus menantang. Terdapat kontinuitas historis yang menunjukkan bahwa konflik di wilayah perkebunan hingga hari ini masih terus berlangsung. AbstractDuring the year of 1913 there were series of riots or social unrest in the Plantation land of Pamanukan and Ciasem, involving peasants and labourers against landowners and colonial government. The incidents reflected the tension amongst social components either horizontally or vertically. The landlords exploited the land and the peasants very badly. There were no mutual relationships between landlords and their peasants. It has changed into commercialization of agriculture. The peasants were often treated unjustly, resulting in protests in the form of social movement motivated by religious feelings. This research tries to reveal social movement and the respond of colonial government in facing it. History method is applied, and the author finds that the conflict continued even up to this day.

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R, Rahul Prasad, Krishnamurthy AT, Mallikarjuna HB, Raghuprasad KP, and Shailesh . "Migration behaviour of labourers in coffee plantations." International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2024.v7.i1a.269.

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Oast, Jennifer. "The Overseers of Early American Slavery: Supervisors, Enslaved Labourers, and the Plantation Enterprise. By Laura R. Sandy. New York: Routledge, 2020. 412 pp., 8 B/W illus. Paperback, $42.36. ISBN: 978-1-03-223707-7." Business History Review 97, no. 2 (2023): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680523000600.

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TatazoAkara, Damian. "Plantation Labourers and the Resilience of Agro-Industrial Complexes in Central Africa amidst the Storm of a Scourging Economic Crisis: The Case of a Throbbing Sacrifice in the Cameroon Development Corporation through a Historical Autopsy, 1985-2002." Annals of Global History 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/2642-8172.0301001.

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L., Doloksaribu, I. G. N. Kayana, M. Dewantari, and G. A. M. K. Dewi. "CONSTRAINTS TO AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING GOAT PRODUCTIVITY IN TABANAN REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE." Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan 22, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mip.2019.v22.i03.p04.

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This study was undertaken to establish a database as consideration for improving goat production in TabananRegency. A survey was conducted from April to September 2018 on 38 smallholder goat farmers integrated withcommodity plantations, owning 142 goats. Data were used to measure constraints to, challenges of, and opportunitiesfor improving goat production, through a hybrid method of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats andAnalytic Hierarchy Process analyses. Problem priority faced was the competition between average numbers of 2.0± 0.1 family labourers aged 38.8 ± 2.1 years who cultivated average 0.9 ± 0.1 hectare of commodity plantationsintegrated with flock size of 2.5 ± 0.2 goats per household. Goats were housed in battery systems and fed forage.About 33% farmers had just sold all or portion of their goats due to the busy activity of clove and coffee harvestingin July-September and time consuming for cut and carry forage while commercial concentrates were not given totheir goats. Recommendation taken was to providing Pennisetum purpureum silage as sustainable feed resource forgoats thus improved the nutritious content of feed particularly during dry season where feed was limited or duringharvesting and Bali Hindu ceremonies where family labourer was limited.

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Naveen, R., N. Swaroop, Suyash Agrawal, and Anup Kumar Tirkey. "Profile of occupational accidents reporting to a rural Plantation Hospital: A record review." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 3, no. 2 (February 10, 2014): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i2.6138.

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Background: Plantation industries in India employ over 1 million people and are among the largest private employers in India. Plantations employ both skilled and un-skilled labour’s. The risks of occupational accidents are higher among this population due to the unfavorable working conditions.Objectives: To study the profile of occupational accidents and to describe the time trend of these occupational accidents. To assess changes if any in the profile of occupational accidents reporting to a rural plantation hospital over the last decade.Methodology: A descriptive hospital record review of all the patients presenting with occupational accident from January 2008 to December 2009.Results: 439 patients were registered with history of accidents; among them 196 were occupational accidents. Majority of the victims of the accident were in the age group of 21 – 40 years and were among males. Most common type and site of injuries were superficial injuries on the upper limbs. There is no significant change in the profile on occupational accidents over the last decade. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i2.6138

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Journal articles on the topic 'Plantation labourers'

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