Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plantarflexor function

Academic literature on the topic 'Plantarflexor function'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Plantarflexor function"

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Palmer, Jacqueline A., Ryan Zarzycki, Susanne M. Morton, Trisha M. Kesar, and Stuart A. Binder-Macleod. "Characterizing differential poststroke corticomotor drive to the dorsi- and plantarflexor muscles during resting and volitional muscle activation." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 1615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00393.2016.

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Imbalance of corticomotor excitability between the paretic and nonparetic limbs has been associated with the extent of upper extremity motor recovery poststroke, is greatly influenced by specific testing conditions such as the presence or absence of volitional muscle activation, and may vary across muscle groups. However, despite its clinical importance, poststroke corticomotor drive to lower extremity muscles has not been thoroughly investigated. Additionally, whereas conventional gait rehabilitation strategies for stroke survivors focus on paretic limb foot drop and dorsiflexion impairments, most contemporary literature has indicated that paretic limb propulsion and plantarflexion impairments are the most significant limiters to poststroke walking function. The purpose of this study was to compare corticomotor excitability of the dorsi- and plantarflexor muscles during resting and active conditions in individuals with good and poor poststroke walking recovery and in neurologically intact controls. We found that plantarflexor muscles showed reduced corticomotor symmetry between paretic and nonparetic limbs compared with dorsiflexor muscles in individuals with poor poststroke walking recovery during active muscle contraction but not during rest. Reduced plantarflexor corticomotor symmetry during active muscle contraction was a result of reduced corticomotor drive to the paretic muscles and enhanced corticomotor drive to the nonparetic muscles compared with the neurologically intact controls. These results demonstrate that atypical corticomotor drive exists in both the paretic and nonparetic lower limbs and implicate greater severity of corticomotor impairments to plantarflexor vs. dorsiflexor muscles during muscle activation in stroke survivors with poor walking recovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study observed that lower-limb corticomotor asymmetry resulted from both reduced paretic and enhanced nonparetic limb corticomotor excitability compared with neurologically intact controls. The most asymmetrical corticomotor drive was observed in the plantarflexor muscles of individuals with poor poststroke walking recovery. This suggests that neural function of dorsi- and plantarflexor muscles in both paretic and nonparetic limbs may play a role in poststroke walking function, which may have important implications when developing targeted poststroke rehabilitation programs to improve walking ability.
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Vandervoort, A. A., and K. C. Hayes. "Plantarflexor muscle function in young and elderly women." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 58, no. 4 (1989): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00643514.

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Bojsen-Møller, Jens, Sidse Schwartz, Kari K. Kalliokoski, Taija Finni, and S. Peter Magnusson. "Intermuscular force transmission between human plantarflexor muscles in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 6 (December 2010): 1608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01381.2009.

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The exact mechanical function of synergist muscles within a human limb in vivo is not well described. Recent studies indicate the existence of a mechanical interaction between muscle actuators that may have functional significance and further play a role for injury mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if intermuscular force transmission occurs within and between human plantarflexor muscles in vivo. Seven subjects performed four types of either active contractile tasks or passive joint manipulations: passive knee extension, voluntary isometric plantarflexion, voluntary isometric hallux flexion, passive hallux extension, and selective percutaneous stimulation of the gastrocnemius medialis (MG). In each experiment plantar- and hallux flexion force and corresponding EMG activity were sampled. During all tasks ultrasonography was applied at proximal and distal sites to assess task-induced tissue displacement (which is assumed to represent loading) for the plantarflexor muscles [MG, soleus (SOL), and flexor hallucis longus (FHL)]. Selective MG stimulation and passive knee extension resulted in displacement of both the MG and SOL muscles. Minimal displacement of the triceps surae muscles was seen during passive hallux extension. Large interindividual differences with respect to deep plantarflexor activation during voluntary contractions were observed. The present results suggest that force may be transmitted between the triceps surae muscles in vivo, while only limited evidence was provided for the occurrence of force transfer between the triceps surae and the deeper-lying FHL.
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De Jaeger, Dominique, Venus Joumaa, and Walter Herzog. "Intermittent stretch training of rabbit plantarflexor muscles increases soleus mass and serial sarcomere number." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 12 (June 15, 2015): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00515.2014.

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In humans, enhanced joint range of motion is observed after static stretch training and results either from an increased stretch tolerance or from a change in the biomechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit. We investigated the effects of an intermittent stretch training on muscle biomechanical and structural variables. The left plantarflexors muscles of seven anesthetized New Zealand (NZ) White rabbits were passively and statically stretched three times a week for 4 wk, while the corresponding right muscles were used as nonstretched contralateral controls. Before and after the stretching protocol, passive torque produced by the left plantarflexor muscles as a function of the ankle angle was measured. The left and right plantarflexor muscles were harvested from dead rabbits and used to quantify possible changes in muscle structure. Significant mass and serial sarcomere number increases were observed in the stretched soleus but not in the plantaris or medial gastrocnemius. This difference in adaptation between the plantarflexors is thought to be the result of their different fiber type composition and pennation angles. Neither titin isoform nor collagen amount was modified in the stretched compared with the control soleus muscle. Passive torque developed during ankle dorsiflexion was not modified after the stretch training on average, but was decreased in five of the seven experimental rabbits. Thus, an intermittent stretching program similar to those used in humans can produce a change in the muscle structure of NZ White rabbits, which was associated in some rabbits with a change in the biomechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit.
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Hullfish, Todd J., Kathryn M. O’Connor, and Josh R. Baxter. "Medial gastrocnemius muscle remodeling correlates with reduced plantarflexor kinetics 14 weeks following Achilles tendon rupture." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 1005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00255.2019.

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Deficits in plantarflexor kinetics are associated with poor outcomes in patients following Achilles tendon rupture. In this longitudinal study, we analyzed the fascicle length and pennation angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the length of the Achilles tendon using ultrasound imaging. To determine the relationship between muscle remodeling and deficits in plantarflexor kinetics measured at 14 wk after injury, we correlated the reduction in fascicle length and increase in pennation angle with peak torque measured during isometric and isokinetic plantarflexor contractions. We found that the medial gastrocnemius underwent an immediate change in structure, characterized by decreased length and increased pennation of the muscle fascicles. This decrease in fascicle length was coupled with an increase in tendon length. These changes in muscle-tendon structure persisted throughout the first 14 wk following rupture. Deficits in peak plantarflexor torque were moderately correlated with decreased fascicle length at 120 degrees per second ( R2 = 0.424, P = 0.057) and strongly correlated with decreased fascicle length at 210 degrees per second ( R2 = 0.737, P = 0.003). However, increases in pennation angle did not explain functional deficits. These findings suggest that muscle-tendon structure is detrimentally affected following Achilles tendon rupture. Plantarflexor power deficits are positively correlated with the magnitude of reductions in fascicle length. Preserving muscle structure following Achilles tendon rupture should be a clinical priority to maintain plantarflexor kinetics. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In our study, we found that when the Achilles tendon ruptures due to excessive biomechanical loading, the neighboring skeletal muscle undergoes rapid changes in its configuration. The magnitude of this muscle remodeling explains the amount of ankle power loss demonstrated by these patients once their Achilles tendons are fully healed. These findings highlight the interconnected relationship between muscle and tendon. Isolated injuries to the tendon stimulate detrimental changes to the muscle, thereby limiting joint-level function.
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Furlong, L. A. M., and A. J. Harrison. "Sex-related differences in plantarflexor function during repeated stretch-shortening cycle loading." Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal 08, no. 01 (January 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32098/mltj.01.2018.10.

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Hinds, Robyn, Jessica Blank, Sunita Mathur, Chris M. Gregory, Trevor Lentz, Susan M. Tillman, Glenn A. Walter, and Krista Vandenborne. "Improvements In Plantarflexor Size And Function Following Rehabilitation After Lower Leg Injury." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (May 2009): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000355425.73812.ec.

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McCall, G. E., C. Goulet, G. E. Boorman, J. A. Hodgson, R. R. Roy, M. C. Greenisen, and V. R. Edgerton. "MAINTENANCE OF PLANTARFLEXOR MUSCLE FUNCTION IN HUMANS DURING A 17-DAY SPACEFLIGHT 163." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 29, Supplement (May 1997): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-00163.

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Selsby, Joshua T., Pedro Acosta, Meg M. Sleeper, Elisabeth R. Barton, and H. Lee Sweeney. "Long-term wheel running compromises diaphragm function but improves cardiac and plantarflexor function in the mdx mouse." Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00252.2013.

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Dystrophin-deficient muscles suffer from free radical injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation, among other pathologies that contribute to muscle fiber injury and loss, leading to wheelchair confinement and death in the patient. For some time, it has been appreciated that endurance training has the potential to counter many of these contributing factors. Correspondingly, numerous investigations have shown improvements in limb muscle function following endurance training in mdx mice. However, the effect of long-term volitional wheel running on diaphragm and cardiac function is largely unknown. Our purpose was to determine the extent to which long-term endurance exercise affected dystrophic limb, diaphragm, and cardiac function. Diaphragm specific tension was reduced by 60% ( P < 0.05) in mice that performed 1 yr of volitional wheel running compared with sedentary mdx mice. Dorsiflexor mass (extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior) and function (extensor digitorum longus) were not altered by endurance training. In mice that performed 1 yr of volitional wheel running, plantarflexor mass (soleus and gastrocnemius) was increased and soleus tetanic force was increased 36%, while specific tension was similar in wheel-running and sedentary groups. Cardiac mass was increased 15%, left ventricle chamber size was increased 20% (diastole) and 18% (systole), and stroke volume was increased twofold in wheel-running compared with sedentary mdx mice. These data suggest that the dystrophic heart may undergo positive exercise-induced remodeling and that limb muscle function is largely unaffected. Most importantly, however, as the diaphragm most closely recapitulates the human disease, these data raise the possibility of exercise-mediated injury in dystrophic skeletal muscle.
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Furlong, Laura-Anne M., and Andrew J. Harrison. "Differences in plantarflexor function during a stretch-shortening cycle task due to limb preference." Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition 20, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357650x.2014.921688.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plantarflexor function"

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Lee, Sabrina Sien Man Piazza Stephen J. "Musculoskeletal architecture and plantarflexor muscle function in the human ankle joint." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4653/index.html.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plantarflexor function"

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Higginson, J., T. Kesar, R. Perumal, and S. Binder-Macleod. "Simulation-Guided Stimulation for Paretic Ankle Muscles During Stroke Gait." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176365.

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Stroke is the leading cause of long-term adult disability in the U.S. Neuronal damage in the brain results in impaired muscle coordination which induces asymmetric and abnormal walking patterns. Muscle-actuated forward dynamic simulation of walking patterns of healthy young adults has elucidated unique and synergistic roles of the uniarticular and biarticular plantarflexors. Neptune and colleagues (2001) reported that soleus delivers energy to the trunk, gastrocnemius accelerates the leg forward, and both contribute significantly to vertical support of the center of mass [1]. In a simulation of post-stroke hemiparetic gait, Higginson et al. (2006) observed that non-paretic muscles mimicked the function of healthy muscles, while paretic ankle plantarflexor function was limited and required supplemental effort by hip and knee extensors [2].
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Jastifer, James R., Peter A. Gustafson, and Robert R. Gorman. "The Effect of Subtalar Arthrodesis Alignment on Ankle Biomechanics." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88198.

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Background: The position, axis, and control of each lower extremity joint intimately affects adjacent joint function as well as whole limb performance. There is little describing the biomechanics of subtalar arthrodesis and none describing the effect that subtalar arthrodesis position has on ankle biomechanics. The purpose of the current study is to establish this effect on sagittal plane ankle biomechanics. Methods: A study was performed utilizing a three-dimensional, validated, computational model of the lower extremity. A subtalar arthrodesis was simulated from 20 degrees of varus to 20 degrees of valgus. For each of these subtalar arthrodesis positions, the ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor muscles’ fiber force, moment arm, and moments were calculated throughout a physiologic range of motion. Results: Throughout ankle range of motion, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion strength varies with subtalar arthrodesis position. When the ankle joint is in neutral position, plantarflexion strength is maximized in 10 degrees of subtalar valgus and strength varies by a maximum of 2.6% from the peak 221 Nm. In a similar manner, with the ankle joint in neutral position, dorsiflexion strength is maximized with a subtalar joint arthrodesis in 5 degrees of valgus and strength varies by a maximum of 7.5% from the peak 46.8 Nm. The change in strength is due to affected muscle fiber force generating capacities and muscle moment arms. Conclusion: The clinical significance of this study is that subtalar arthrodesis in a position of 5–10 degrees subtalar valgus has biomechanical advantage. This supports previous clinical outcome studies and offers biomechanical rationale for their generally favorable outcomes.
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Wang, Ruoli, and Elena M. Gutierrez-Farewik. "The Effect of Excessive Subtalar Inversion/Eversion on the Dynamic Function of the Soleus and Gastrocnemius During the Stance Phase." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206242.

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Gastrocnemius and soleus are often considered as ankle plantarflexors. Their dynamic functions in normal and pathological gait have been well-studied. However, in a neutral position, the tendon passes medial to the subtalar joint axis and therefore produces an inversion moment in addition to the plantar-flexor moment [1]. It was believed that gastrocnemius and soleus are the major dynamic stabilizers preventing excess foot pronation. During normal gait, the subtalar joint experiences rapid eversion following heel strike and subsequent inversion during terminal stance [2]. Varus and valgus foot positions caused by excessive subtalar inversion/eversion can be found in spastic and flaccid paralysis [3]. Although it is widely understood that muscle forces can have important local and remote effects on joints and segments [4], the interrelations between dynamic gastrocnemius and soleus functions and excessive subtalar inversion/eversion remain unclear.
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Lee, Hyunglae, Patrick Ho, Mohammad A. Rastgaar, Hermano Igo Krebs, and Neville Hogan. "Quantitative Characterization of Steady-State Ankle Impedance With Muscle Activation." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4062.

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Characterization of multi-variable ankle mechanical impedance is crucial to understanding how the ankle supports lower-extremity function during interaction with the environment. This paper reports quantification of steady-state ankle impedance when muscles were active. Vector field approximation of repetitive measurements of the torque-angle relation in two degrees of freedom (inversion/eversion and dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) enabled assessment of spring-like and non-spring-like components. Experimental results of eight human subjects showed direction-dependent ankle impedance with greater magnitude than when muscles were relaxed. In addition, vector field analysis demonstrated a non-spring-like behavior when muscles were active, although this phenomenon was subtle in the unimpaired young subjects we studied.
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Ficanha, Evandro M., and Mohammad Rastgaar. "Stochastic Estimation of Human Ankle Mechanical Impedance in Lateral/Medial Rotation." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-5857.

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This article compares stochastic estimates of human ankle mechanical impedance when ankle muscles were fully relaxed and co-contracting antagonistically. We employed Anklebot, a rehabilitation robot for the ankle to provide torque perturbations. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to monitor muscle activation levels and these EMG signals were displayed to subjects who attempted to maintain them constant. Time histories of ankle torques and angles in the lateral/medial (LM) directions were recorded. The results also compared with the ankle impedance in inversion-eversion (IE) and dorsiflexion-plantarflexion (DP). Linear time-invariant transfer functions between the measured torques and angles were estimated for the Anklebot alone and when a human subject wore it; the difference between these functions provided an estimate of ankle mechanical impedance. High coherence was observed over a frequency range up to 30 Hz. The main effect of muscle activation was to increase the magnitude of ankle mechanical impedance in all degrees of freedom of ankle.
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Dai, Xinxin, Baoliang Zhao, Yucheng He, Yu Sun, and Ying Hu. "A Foot-Controlled Interface for Endoscope Holder in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3421.

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Endoscopic nasal surgery is with minimal invasiveness for the surgical treatment of nasal disease. During traditional functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), the surgeon uses one hand to hold the surgical instrument leaving the other hand to hold the endoscope. When the surgeon needs to use two hands to perform some complex procedure, an assistant surgeon is required to help holding the endoscope, and this requires good teamwork and long-time training. To solve this problem, researchers proposed to use robots to hold the endoscope, freeing the surgeon’s hands for bimanual operation. Sun developed a passive arm with pneumatic locking mechanism to hold the endoscope in FESS, but the surgeon needs to adjust the pose of the endoscope manually, which interrupts the surgery flow and lengthens the surgery time [1]. Many motor-driven endoscope holders have been proposed in literature [2], the surgeon interact with the robot with joystick, voice command, pedals or head movement [3–5]. However, there exists some drawbacks with these interacting methods, for example, joystick requires one of the surgeon’s hands, voice command is usually subject to interference and has long time-delay, foot pedals and head movement distract surgeon’s attention. Lin used a foot-attached IMU sensor to control an active robotic endoscopic holder, the inversion/eversion and abduction/adduction motions of foot are used to select and control different joints, but the motor can be only selected in order, which is unhandy for the four-joint scenario [6]. In this paper, a similar foot-attached IMU sensor is used, and the joints are selected in an easier manner, based on the angle of plantarflexion. Rather than the angle, the angular velocity of abduction/adduction is utilized to control the moving direction of the active joint. This paper describes the test result of the proposed control interface.
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Chu, Tai-Ming. "Measurement of Stress Distribution in Various Ankle-Foot Orthoses." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0142.

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Abstract An Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFO) is a rehabilitation device that supports and aligns the ankle and the foot to improve the functions of the ankle and foot (Wu, 1990). In today’s orthotic industry, polypropylene (PP, a Colyene™ Co-polymer plus Fleshtones and Colors) is used as a major orthotic plastic due to its high weight-strength ratio, high fatigue resistance, light weight, and excellent molding characteristics (1990). However, earlier failure and improper geometry design bring inconvenience in mobility and discomfort to many patients. A literature search shows several investigations have been conducted. A 3-D Finite Element Model (FEM) was developed by Chu, et al. (1995). The analysis includes the computation of the stress level and the determination of locations of stress concentration. Although the 3-D model provided useful information, limited dynamic results were obtained. Yamamoto, et al. (1993) made a comparative study on the mechanical characteristics of plastic AFOs. Eleven AFOs were tested with the motion of dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion using a muscle-training machine. The objective of this experimental study is to understand the performance of five AFOs used during walking and the resulting deformation developed while under loads. It is intended that the design parameters of AFOs can be evaluated and modified.
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