Journal articles: 'Plantar callus'

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Potter, J., and M. Potter. "Regrowth patterns of plantar callus." Foot 10, no. 3 (September 2000): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/foot.2000.0599.

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Duffin, Anthony C., Robert Kidd, Albert Chan, and Kim C. Donaghue. "High Plantar Pressure and Callus in Diabetic Adolescents." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 93, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-93-3-214.

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This study examined the incidence of high peak plantar pressure and plantar callus in 211 adolescents with diabetes mellitus and 57 nondiabetic controls. The percentage of subjects with these anomalies was the same in both groups. Although diabetic subjects were no more likely than nondiabetic controls to have high peak plantar pressure and callus, these anomalies place individuals with diabetes at greater risk of future foot problems. The effects of orthoses, cushioning, and both in combination were monitored in 17 diabetic subjects with high peak plantar pressure and in 17 diabetic subjects with plantar callus; reductions of up to 63% were achieved. Twelve-month follow-up of diabetic subjects fitted with orthoses showed a significant reduction in peak plantar pressure even when the orthoses were removed. The diabetic subjects who had not received any interventions during the same 12-month period showed no significant change in peak plantar pressure. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 93(3): 214-220, 2003)

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Nasyaruddin Herry Taufik, Angela Bibiana Maria Tulaar, Nazar Moesbar, and Ratna Akbarie Ganie. "The Effect of Isometric Exercise Plantar Flexor on Osteoblast Activity Measured by Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase and Callus Formation in a Patient Post Open Reduction Internal Fixation with Non-articular Tibia Fracture." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 3409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.435.

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BACKGROUND: Post-operative non-articular tibia fracture several problems that can occur include; pain, muscles atrophy, muscles weakness, joint stiffness, delayed union, and non-union that makes patients limited in their daily activities. Several factors that play a role in the process of fracture healing include osteoblast activity and exercise. Isometric exercises plantar flexor might effectively prevent the problem. Markers of osteoblast activity are bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) levels and Hummer scale callus formation. Not yet known the effect isometric exercise of plantar flexor on osteoblast activity in the post open reduction internal fixation of non-articular tibia fractures, due to the lack of studies in this field. AIM: This research was conducted to investigate the effect of isometric plantar flexor on osteoblast activity and callus formation in patients post open reduction internal fixation nonarticular tibial fractures. HYPOTHESIS: There are differences in osteoblast activity and callus formation between groups that do isometric exercises of plantar flexor muscles with those that without isometric exercises plantar flexor. ANALYSIS: Hypothesis test used a paired t-test with a value of α 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. METHODS: This clinical trial was true experimental with pre-post test control group design divided into two groups, group I obtained treatment of isometric exercises of the plantar flexor muscle, range of motion knee joint, and ankle while group II obtained the range of motion knee joints and ankle. Osteoblast activity measured with bone-specific alkaline phosphatase level and callus formation. RESULTS: The result of the study found to increase mean bone-specific alkaline phosphatase group I; 15.6 and group II; 5.2. A paired t-test of independent samples with α of 0.05 and confidence interval 95% was obtained p-value = 0.000, there is a significant difference in increased levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase group I obtained isometric exercises plantar flexor with group II without isometric exercises plantar flexor in patients post open reduction internal fixation of a non-articular tibia fracture. Radiographic examination of Hummer scale callus in group I who carried out isometric exercises plantar flexor had an average value of 2.63, whereas group II without isometric exercises plantar flexor average of 3.06. Wilcoxon test with a 0.05 and 95% confidence interval obtained p-value = 0.000, there is a significant difference in callus image in both groups of patients post open reduction internal fixation non-articular tibia fracture. The linear regression calculated of callus assessment with bone-specific alkaline phosphatase obtained the value of R quadrat = 0.793, which showed that the formation of callus Hummer classification could predict the change in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase value by 79%. CONCLUSION: The research found isometric exercise plantar flexor in patients post open reduction internal fixation non-articular tibia fracture enhances osteoblast activity and callus formation that will likely short the healing process time and prevent delayed union or non-union.

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Rice, Robert H., Blythe P. Durbin-Johnson, Michelle Salemi, Mary E. Schwartz, David M. Rocke, and Brett S. Phinney. "Proteomic profiling of Pachyonychia congenita plantar callus." Journal of Proteomics 165 (August 2017): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.017.

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Booth, J., and A. Mclnnes. "The aetiology and management of plantar callus formation." Journal of Wound Care 6, no. 9 (October 2, 1997): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.1997.6.9.427.

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Potter, J., and M. J. Potter. "Effect of callus removal on peak plantar pressures." Foot 10, no. 1 (March 2000): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/foot.2000.0576.

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Collier, Joann H., and Carol A. Brodbeck. "Assessing the Diabetic Foot: Plantar Callus and Pressure Sensation." Diabetes Educator 19, no. 6 (December 1993): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179301900605.

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Young, M. J., P. R. Cavanagh, G. Thomas, M. M. Johnson, H. Murray, and A. J. M. Boulton. "The Effect of Callus Removal on Dynamic Plantar Foot Pressures in Diabetic Patients." Diabetic Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 2, 1992): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1992.tb01714.x.

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Colagiuri, S., L. L. Marsden, V. Naidu, and L. Taylor. "The use of orthotic devices to correct plantar callus in people with diabetes." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 28, no. 1 (April 1995): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8227(95)01050-n.

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Springett, K. P., M. F. Whiting, and C. Marriott. "Epidemiology of plantar forefoot corns and callus, and the influence of dominant side." Foot 13, no. 1 (March 2003): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-2592(02)00112-8.

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Amemiya, Ayumi, Hiroshi Noguchi, Makoto Oe, Kimie Takehara, Yumiko Ohashi, Ryo Suzuki, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Takashi Kadowaki, Hiromi Sanada, and Taketoshi Mori. "Factors Associated with Callus Formation in the Plantar Region through Gait Measurement in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy: An Observational Case-Control Study." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 4863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174863.

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Callus has been identified as a risk factor leading to severe diabetic foot ulcer; thus, it is necessary to prevent its formation. Callus formation under the first, second, and fifth metatarsal heads (MTHs) is associated with external forces (pressure and shear stress) during walking. However, the gait factors increasing the external forces remain undetermined. Thus, this study aims to identify the factors increasing the external forces to prevent callus formation. In 59 patients with diabetic neuropathy wearing their usual shoes, the external forces, and the lower extremity joint angles were measured using MEMS force sensors and motion sensors. The external forces and their relationship with the lower extremity joint angles and footwear size were determined. Risk factors causing high external forces on the first MTH included small flexion of the knee joint (p = 0.015) and large ankle pronation motion (p = 0.034) to obtain propulsion. For the second MTH, wearing excessively long footwear was identified (p = 0.026). For the fifth MTH, high external force was related to tight width footwear (p = 0.005). An effective intervention for preventing callus formation for the first MTH would involve assisting the push-off foot motion using rocker-sole footwear or gait training. For the second and fifth MTHs, wearing appropriate size footwear would be effective.

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Hamatani, Masako, Taketoshi Mori, Makoto Oe, Hiroshi Noguchi, Kimie Takehara, Ayumi Amemiya, Yumiko Ohashi, Kohjiro Ueki, Takashi Kadowaki, and Hiromi Sanada. "Factors Associated With Callus in Patients with Diabetes, Focused on Plantar Shear Stress During Gait." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 10, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296816648164.

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Bae, J. M., H. Kang, H. O. Kim, and Y. M. Park. "Differential diagnosis of plantar wart from corn, callus and healed wart with the aid of dermoscopy." British Journal of Dermatology 160, no. 1 (January 2009): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08937.x.

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Miranda, Bruno Rodrigues de, Rui Dos Santos Barroco, Danilo Ryuko Cândido Nishikawa, Leticia Zaccaria Prates de Oliveira, and Mahmoud Beerens Abdul Ghani. "Checkrein deformity treated through a forefoot approach." Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 13, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.1105.

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Checkrein deformity is characterized by flexible plantar flexion contracture of the interphalangeal joint and flexible extension contracture of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux. It occurs due to entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus in the callus formation at the fracture site or within scar tissue on lower limb. Currently, there is still no consensus about the best surgical treatment for this deformity. The aim of this study is to report a case of a patient that was treated with a novel approach for the treatment of checkrein deformity of the hallux located in the forefoot, with satisfactory functional outcomes. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutics Studies; Expert Opinion.

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Someshwara Rao, Pallela Narayana, and Anil Vince Vincent. "A study on non-healing plantar diabetic foot ulcers to assess the effect of compliance of using customised footwear in wound healing." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202409.

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Background: Foot infection is one of the commonest reasons for hospital admission of individuals with diabetes in India. Prescription footwear is an intricate aspect of a treatment program, not a therapy unto itself. Custom-made footwear can only be effective in preventing diabetic foot ulcers if worn by the patient as advised. This study was done in patients who are already prescribed customised footwear and evaluated the need for compliance based on the healing of these plantar foot ulcers.Methods: 85 diabetic patients with severe neuropathy and a non-healing callus ulcer or trophic ulcer (diameter 1-3 cm) for more than 3 months were included in the study. All these patients were followed up on weekly basis for 3 months and questioned about the use of customized footwear on regular basis. At the end of three months, the healing of these foot ulcers was compared based on whether they had been compliant with the customized footwear advice.Results: Of the 85 patients, 25 (29.4%) had shown improvement in wound healing with regular use of footwear. 60 (70.5%) patients who were not using the customized footwear had not shown any improvement in the plantar ulcers. The reasons for not using the recommended footwear were many commonest being wearing footwear only when going out and not inside the home.Conclusions: Non-compliance with customised footwear is emerging as an important cause of delay in wound healing of plantar foot ulcers.

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Dhaliya, Ravi, Arjun Gupta, and Kanchan Chauhan. "An OPD base Agni Karma (An Ayurvedic therapeutic burn) intervention in Plantar Corn: A case study." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 10, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v10i3.1291.

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A Corn is a specially-shaped callus of dead skin that occurs on the thin or glabrous surface of the toe. It presses upon the adjacent tissues and causes severe pain when pressed due to pressure on the nerves. Plantar corns are recalcitrant to the medical line of treatment and being very painful need surgical intervention. Surgery is rarely indicated since the rate of recurrences is as high as with conservative therapy The management of Kadara is aimed at the removal of the hyperkeratosis lesion by Snigdha Agni Karma along with Shastra Karma. Here, we demonstrated an OPD base simple and effective ancient technique in corns as described in Samhita which found to be very beneficial.

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Yoshikawa, Yoshiyuki, Noriaki Maeshige, Mikiko Uemura, Masayuki Tanaka, Nobuhide Kawabe, Atomu Yamaguchi, Hidemi Fujino, and Hiroto Terashi. "Prediction of callus and ulcer development in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy by isosceles triangle-forming tuning fork." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212210850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221085097.

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Objectives: Tuning fork vibration sensation testing is widely used as a diagnostic test to detect diabetic neuropathy. However, evidence-based literature indicates that reliability between examiners is low. Attaching isosceles triangle diagrams on tuning forks lowers the discrepancy between examiners. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between vibration sensation measurement using an improved tuning fork and the presence of callus and wound development in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Participants included 56 general older adults and 52 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The methods included confirmation of the presence or absence of callus, range of motion of the ankle and the first metatarsophalangeal joint, vibratory sensitivity of the medial malleolus and the dorsal aspect of the first distal phalanx using an improved tuning fork, and touch-pressure sensitivity of the plantar aspect of the hallux. Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were followed up for 3 years to check for the presence or absence of wounds. Results: When compared with the general older adults, the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had significantly lower touch-pressure sensitivity ( p < 0.01), vibratory sensitivity at the distal phalanx ( p < 0.01) and medial malleolus ( p < 0.01), ankle dorsiflexion range of motion ( p < 0.01), and metatarsophalangeal joint extension range of motion ( p < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with callus formation was 0.93 for the medial malleolus and 0.96 for the distal phalanx, indicating that the accuracy of the distal phalanx was higher ( p < 0.01) than the medial malleolus. According to the Cox proportional hazard analysis, the vibratory sensitivity of the distal phalanx was a significant risk factor for ulcer development ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the vibration sensation test, which we improved via the technique described in this study, is useful for predicting the occurrence of callus and ulcer.

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Froehlich, Vanessa, and Markus Wuenschel. "A Rare Combination of Brachymetatarsia and Congenital Hallux Varus:." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.1.85.

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Hallux varus is defined as a medial deviation of the phalanx at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and can be congenital or acquired. Brachymetatarsia is defined as shortening of the metatarsal bones. A combination of hallux varus and brachymetatarsia is rare. A 15-year-old girl presented to our outpatient clinic complaining of problems with her feet. A distinctive hallux varus was present bilaterally combined with a brachymetatarsia of the first metatarsals. The patient reported discomfort. She was restricted in her activities and had severe psychological strain owing to the deformity. We decided on surgery. First, a Pennig MiniFixator for callus distraction of the first metatarsal bone was applied. Owing to the increased plantar subluxation of the phalanx during distraction, an extension of the external fixator was administered so that the hallux could be repositioned to a physiologically satisfying position. After sufficient callus formation, the hardware was removed 14 weeks after surgery. Thereafter, the phalanx moved back to the subluxed position. Finally, an arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint was performed with a locking plate. Surgery should not be made only for cosmesis and associated psychological aspects; but, discomfort should be the deciding factor. The postoperative clinical and cosmetic results in our case were good, and the patient was quite satisfied. There was no longer any preoperative discomfort and pain.

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Biz, Carlo, Stefano Gastaldo, Miki Dalmau-Pastor, Marco Corradin, Andrea Volpin, and Pietro Ruggieri. "Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Diaphyseal Osteotomy (DMDO) for Chronic Plantar Diabetic Foot Ulcers." Foot & Ankle International 39, no. 1 (November 7, 2017): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100717735640.

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Background: The aims of this prospective study were first to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive distal metatarsal diaphyseal osteotomies (DMDOs) for treating a consecutive series of diabetic patients with chronic plantar diabetic foot ulcers (CPDFUs) and second to assess their clinical-functional and radiographic outcomes. Methods: A consecutive series of patients affected by diabetes mellitus with CPDFUs, not responsive to previous nonoperative management, underwent DMDO. The CPDFUs were evaluated using the University of Texas Diabetic Wound Classification System (UTDWC). Demographic parameters, Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, visual analog scale (VAS) scores, healing times, and complications were recorded. Maestro et al criteria and bone callus formation were analyzed radiologically. Statistical analysis was carried out ( P < .05). Thirty consecutive enrolled patients with a mean age of 66.7 (range, 53-75) years presented 35 CPDFUs with a mean diameter of 16.3 mm and a mean duration of 10.3 months. The most frequent grade of the UTDWC was IIIB (42.9%). Results: All ulcers recovered with a mean healing time of 7.9 ± 4.0 (range, 4-17) weeks. AOFAS scores improved significantly from 55.3 to 81.4 points ( P < .001). At a mean follow-up of 25.3 months (range, 18-71), no cases of ulcer recurrence were recorded, while a major complication or a wound infection required longer healing time. Conclusion: Minimally invasive DMDO was a safe and effective method in promoting CPDFU healing, regardless of the grade of severity, by the reduction of the high plantar pressure under the metatarsal heads. This technique improved functional and radiographic outcomes with few complications. Level of Evidence: IV, case series.

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Hwang, Yeok Gu, Jungtae Ahn, Tae Yong Kim, and Bi O. Jeong. "Analysis of Independent Predictors of Poor Outcomes of Chevron Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus: Focus on Generalized Ligamentous Laxity and Foot Width Changes." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00224.

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Category: Bunion, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The identification of factors associated with poor outcomes in patients who have undergone chevron metatarsal osteotomy is helpful for predicting postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of generalized ligamentous laxity and various clinical risk factors on the radiological and clinical outcomes of chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus. Methods: A total of 135 patients (137 feet) who underwent chevron metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus deformity were included in this study. The mean follow-up duration was 5.6 years (range, 2–10.4 years). Generalized ligamentous laxity was assessed in all patients. After assessing the clinical outcome after chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores - Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal scale (AOFAS score), the clinical and radiological risk factors that affect postoperative outcomes were analyzed with bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Results: The average AOFAS score improved on surgical treatment from 51.4 ± 13.5 preoperatively to 86.0 ± 12.1 at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). Patients with generalized ligamentous laxity showed no significant difference in radiological and clinical parameters compared to non-laxity patients. According to bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, second plantar callosity on the metatarsophalangeal joint before surgery and the ratio of foot width difference after surgery were significantly associated with clinical outcome after surgery. Conclusion: In the surgical treatment of hallux valgus, more careful surgical technique is required for patients with second plantar callus on the metatarsophalangeal joint before surgery, and efforts are needed to reduce foot width through surgical treatment.

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Tjahjadi, Joseph Christian, Annisa Shania Setiawan, Grace Chillia Surya Dharma, Irma Devi Mulyati, Budi Anugrah, Nada Adhityas Dwiputri, Paula Tama Siagian, Mathias Rusli, and Wawan Kustiawan. "Diabetic Foot Ulcer Complicated with Fracture and Osteomyelitis: X-ray Findings." Medical Clinical Update 1, no. 1 (October 17, 2022): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.58376/mcu.v1i1.16.

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Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the complications of patients who have diabetes mellitus which is not well controlled. It is resulted from poor glycemic control, underlying neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and poor foot care. It could lead to osteomyelitis of the foot and amputation of lower extremities. Detailed history taking should be done in order to get a holistic view of disease progression and risk factors. Clinical presentations such as the presence of callus, loss of hair, muscle atrophy, ulcer, paresthesia, hypo- or hyperesthesia, anhydrosis could be present. Ulcers are most common in the weight-bearing areas such as plantar metatarsal head, heel, tips of hammer toes, and other prominent areas. Radiological investigations including plain x-rays should be done in order to look for any underlying osteomyelitis, the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue, any signs of underlying fractures, and presence of a foreign body. In this case study, we presented X-ray finding of a diabetic foot ulcer case that complicated with fracture and osteomyelitis.

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Piclet-Legre, Barbara. "Results of Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Osteotomies (Dmmo) Limited to the 2nd and 3rd Rays: About 112 Cases." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00878.

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Category: Lesser Toes Introduction/Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of DMMO limited to the second and third rays in patients suffering from metatarsalgia with lesion of the plantar plate of the second ray associated with a hallux valgus. Our hypothesis was that this gesture allowed an improvement of the clinical and paraclinical symptoms Methods: For this retrospective, single-center, single-operator study, 112 patients (mean age 65.52 years, 91% women, 127 feet) operated between June 2015 and October 2020 were included based on the following criteria: metatarsalgia complicated by lesion of the plantar plate with hallux valgus. Secondary metatarsalgia, congenital malformation, pes cavus, Freiberg's disease, gastrocnemius retraction were excluded The surgery began with DMMOs of the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals, then a minimally invasive chevron osteotomy adjusted the length of the 1st metatarsal in relation to the lateral rays. The position of the toes was guided by a bandage for 2 weeks relayed by a molded orthoplasty for 4 weeks. Support was complete with a rigid flat shoe. At a mean follow-up of 3 years (14-80 months), the AOFAS functional score and radiographic measurements (Maestro criteria, bone consolidation) were evaluated. Results: The clinical improvement was significant with an AOFAS score going from 44.9 to 91.8 (p>0.05)We observed 8.7% of complications: 4 transfer metatarsalgia on the 4th or 5th metatarsal, 1 asymptomatic callus under M4, 1 asymptomatic nonunion of M2, 5 spontaneously resolving delayed consolidation, 1 algodystrophy.The radiographic improvement was significant on our morphotypes which were disharmonious in 92% with M45 hypoplasia in 76% and long M23 in 16%.Indeed, the DMMO limited to the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal allowed a significant reduction in the difference in length between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal (p>0.05)Our 4 cases of transfer metatarsalgia under M4 or under M5 were not explained radiologically by relative length anomaly. Conclusion: Performing DMMO limited to the 2nd and 3rd metatarsals appears to be a reliable solution in the management of metatarsalgia by lesion of the plantar plate associated with hallux valgus, the risk of transfer metatarsalgia was not increased compared to the data of literature.

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HAMATANI, Masako, Taketoshi MORI, Hiroshi NOGUCHI, Makoto OE, Ayumi AMEMIYA, Kimie TAKEHARA, Yumiko OHASHI, Kohjiro UEKI, Takashi KADOWAKI, and Hiromi SANADA. "1A2-O08 Simultaneous measurement system of plantar pressure and shear forces to identify factors associated with callus in diabetic patients(Nursing and Mechatronics)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2012 (2012): _1A2—O08_1—_1A2—O08_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2012._1a2-o08_1.

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Sobel, Mark, Helene Pavlov, Mark J. Geppert, Francesca M. Thompson, Edward F. DiCarlo, and W. Hodges Davis. "Painful Os Peroneum Syndrome: A Spectrum of Conditions Responsible for Plantar Lateral Foot Pain." Foot & Ankle International 15, no. 3 (March 1994): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079401500306.

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Plantar lateral foot pain may be caused by various entities and the painful os peroneum syndrome (a term coined by the authors) should be included in the differential diagnosis. Painful os peroneum syndrome results from a spectrum of conditions that includes one or more of the following: (1) an acute os peroneum fracture or a diastasis of a multipartite os peroneum, either of which may result in a discontinuity of the peroneus longus tendon; (2) chronic (healing or healed) os peroneum fracture or diastasis of a multipartite os peroneum with callus formation, either of which results in a stenosing peroneus longus tenosynovitis; (3) attrition or partial rupture of the peroneus longus tendon, proximal or distal to the os peroneum; (4) frank rupture of the peroneus longus tendon with discontinuity proximal or distal to the os peroneum; and/or (5) the presence of a gigantic peroneal tubercle on the lateral aspect of the calcaneus which entraps the peroneus longus tendon and/or the os peroneum during tendon excursion. Familiarity with the various clinical and radiographic findings and the spectrum of conditions represented by the painful os peroneum syndrome can prevent prolonged undiagnosed plantar lateral foot pain. Clinical diagnosis of the painful os peroneum syndrome can be facilitated by the single stance heel rise and varus inversion stress test as well as by resisted plantarflexion of the first ray, which can localize tenderness along the distal course of the peroneus longus tendon at the cuboid tunnel. Radiographic diagnosis should include an oblique radiograph of the foot for visualization of the os peroneum and, if indicated, other imaging studies. Recommended treatment ranges from conservative cast immobilization to surgical approaches including: (1) excision of the os peroneum and repair of the peroneus longus tendon, and (2) excision of the os peroneum and degenerated peroneus longus tendon with tenodesis of the remaining remnant of peroneus longus to the peroneus brevis tendon.

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Wu, Daniel Yiang, and Eddy Kwok Fai Lam. "The metatarsaus adductus effect by the syndesmosis procedure for hallux valgus correction." Bone & Joint Open 2, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.23.bjo-2020-0195.r1.

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Aims The purpose of this study is to examine the adductus impact on the second metatarsal by the nonosteotomy nonarthrodesis syndesmosis procedure for the hallux valgus deformity correction, and how it would affect the mechanical function of the forefoot in walking. For correcting the metatarsus primus varus deformity of hallux valgus feet, the syndesmosis procedure binds first metatarsal to the second metatarsal with intermetatarsal cerclage sutures. Methods We reviewed clinical records of a single surgical practice from its entire 2014 calendar year. In total, 71 patients (121 surgical feet) qualified for the study with a mean follow-up of 20.3 months (SD 6.2). We measured their metatarsus adductus angle with the Sgarlato’s method (SMAA), and the intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and metatarsophalangeal angle (MPA) with Hardy’s mid axial method. We also assessed their American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) clinical scale score, and photographic and pedobarographic images for clinical function results. Results SMAA increased from preoperative 15.9° (SD 4.9°) to 17.2° (5.0°) (p < 0.001). IMA and MPA corrected from 14.6° (SD 3.3°) and 31.9° (SD 8.0°) to 7.2° (SD 2.2°) and 18.8° (SD 6.4°) (p < 0.001), respectively. AOFAS score improved from 66.8 (SD 12.0) to 96.1 (SD 8.0) points (p < 0.001). Overall, 98% (119/121) of feet with preoperative plantar calluses had them disappeared or noticeably subsided, and 93% (113/121) of feet demonstrated pedobarographic medialization of forefoot force in walking. We reported all complications. Conclusion This study, for the first time, reported the previously unknown metatarsus adductus side-effect of the syndesmosis procedure. However, it did not compromise function restoration of the forefoot by evidence of our patients' plantar callus and pedobarographic findings. Level of Clinical Evidence: III Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(3):174–180.

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Watanabe, Ayano, Hiroshi Noguchi, Makoto Oe, Hiromi Sanada, and Taketoshi Mori. "Development of a Plantar Load Estimation Algorithm for Evaluation of Forefoot Load of Diabetic Patients during Daily Walks Using a Foot Motion Sensor." Journal of Diabetes Research 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5350616.

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Forefoot load (FL) contributes to callus formation, which is one of the pathways to diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). In this study, we hypothesized that excessive FL, which cannot be detected by plantar load measurements within laboratory settings, occurs in daily walks. To demonstrate this, we created a FL estimation algorithm using foot motion data. Acceleration and angular velocity data were obtained from a motion sensor attached to each shoe of the subjects. The accuracy of the estimated FL was validated by correlation with the FL measured by force sensors on the metatarsal heads, which was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The mean of correlation coefficients of all the subjects was 0.63 at a level corridor, while it showed an intersubject difference at a slope and stairs. We conducted daily walk measurements in two diabetic patients, and additionally, we verified the safety of daily walk measurement using a wearable motion sensor attached to each shoe. We found that excessive FL occurred during their daily walks for approximately three hours in total, when any adverse event was not observed. This study indicated that FL evaluation method using wearable motion sensors was one of the promising ways to prevent DFUs.

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Chilvers, Margaret, Eric S. Malicky, John G. Anderson, Donald R. Bohay, and Arthur Manoli II. "Heel Overload Associated with Heel Cord Insufficiency." Foot & Ankle International 28, no. 6 (June 2007): 687–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/fai.2007.0687.

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Background: Heel cord lengthening is a common component of foot and ankle surgery. If the tendon is anatomically or functionally over lengthened patients may develop plantarflexion weakness and heel overload problems such as symptomatic plantar heel callosities and heel ulceration. Methods: Nine patients who developed heel overload or heel ulcer after a heel cord lengthening or an irreparable rupture were identified. Initial foot injury, risk factors, treatment, and followup were reviewed. Results: Five of the nine patients had diabetes and an insensate heel. The ulcer healed in two of five patients with a dorsiflexion stop brace, two with a tendon transfer, and one required a below knee amputation. There were four patients with heel overload with normal sensation and no diabetes. One improved with strengthening exercises, two with tendon transfer, and one required a below knee amputation. Conclusions: Heel cord insufficiency can lead to an overload callus or a heel ulcer. Patients with diabetes and an insensate heel are at highest risk, but this problem also can occur in patients with normal sensation. Obesity and ipsilateral first toe amputation also may be risk factors.

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Vandeputte, Geoffroy, Greta Dereymaeker, Annie Steenwerckx, and Louis Peeraer. "The Weil Osteotomy of the Lesser Metatarsals: a Clinical and Pedobarographic Follow-up Study." Foot & Ankle International 21, no. 5 (May 2000): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070002100502.

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The clinical results with pedobarographic analysis were assessed in 32 patients (59 metatarsals) who underwent a distal metatarsal shortening (Weil) osteotomy for either intractable plantar keratoses or chronically dislocated lesser metatarsal phalangeal joints. All patients had increased pressure under the involved metatarsal heads. Thirty three of the 59 metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints were chronically dislocated. At an average follow-up of 30 months, patients rated the result as excellent or good for 32 of the 37 feet (86%). The mean preoperative AOFAS score was 59 (maximum 100), which improved to 81 postoperatively. This difference is significant : p= 0,00001 (with t-test). Comparison of the pre and post-operative pedobarographic measurements showed a significant decreased load under the affected metatarsal heads (p = 0.05). A complete disappearance of the callus was noted under 44 operated metatarsals (75%) and partial disappearance under 12 metatarsals (20%). Two symptomatic transfer lesions occurred under an adjacent metatarsal head. Recurrent dislocations occurred in 5 joints (15%). While metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion was significantly diminished, toe strength was maintained. Average metatarsal shortening was 5.9 mm with no nonunions, delayed unions, or malunions. The Weil shortening osteotomy is a simple and reliable procedure which can effectively reduce the load under the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints and is helpful for the reduction of dorsally dislocated MTP joints.

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Naemi, Roozbeh, Nachiappan Chockalingam, Janet K. Lutale, and Zulfiqarali G. Abbas. "Predicting the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence: a prospective cohort study of patients with diabetes in Tanzania." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (May 2020): e001122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001122.

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ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the parameters that predict the risk of future foot ulcer occurrence in patients with diabetes.Research design and methods1810 (male (M)/female (F): 1012/798) patients, with no foot ulcer at baseline, participated in this study. Data from a set of 28 parameters were collected at baseline. During follow-up, 123 (M/F: 68/55) patients ulcerated. Survival analyses together with logistic regression were used to identify the parameters that could predict the risk of future diabetic foot ulcer occurrence.ResultsA number of parameters (HR (95% CI)) including neuropathy (2.525 (1.680 to 3.795)); history of ulceration (2.796 (1.029 to 7.598)); smoking history (1.686 (1.097 to 2.592)); presence of callus (1.474 (0.999 to 2.174)); nail ingrowth (5.653 (2.078 to 15.379)); foot swelling (3.345 (1.799 to 6.218)); dry skin (1.926 (1.273 to 2.914)); limited ankle (1.662 (1.365 to 2.022)) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint (2.745 (1.853 to 4.067)) ranges of motion; and decreased (3.141 (2.102 to 4.693)), highly decreased (5.263 (1.266 to 21.878)), and absent (9.671 (5.179 to 18.059)) sensation to touch; age (1.026 (1.010 to 1.042)); vibration perception threshold (1.079 (1.060 to 1.099)); duration of diabetes (1.000 (1.000 to 1.000)); and plantar pressure at the first metatarsal head (1.003 (1.001 to 1.005)), temperature sensation (1.019 (1.004 to 1.035)) and temperature tolerance (1.523 (1.337 to 1.734)) thresholds to hot stimuli and blood sugar level (1.027 (1.006 to 1.048)) were all significantly associated with increased risk of ulceration. However, plantar pressure underneath the fifth toe (0.990 (0.983 to 0.998)) and temperature sensation (0.755 (0.688 to 0.829)) and temperature tolerance (0.668 (0.592 to 0.0754)) thresholds to cold stimuli showed to significantly decrease the risk of future ulcer occurrence. Multivariate survival model indicated that nail ingrowth (4.42 (1.38 to 14.07)); vibration perception threshold (1.07 (1.04 to 1.09)); dry skin status (4.48 (1.80 to 11.14)); and temperature tolerance threshold to warm stimuli (1.001 (1.000 to 1.002)) were significant predictors of foot ulceration risk in the final model. The mean time to ulceration was significantly (p<0.05) shorter for patients with: dry skin (χ2=11.015), nail ingrowth (χ2=14.688), neuropathy (χ2=21.284), or foot swelling (χ2=16.428).ConclusionNail ingrowth and dry skin were found to be strong indicators of vulnerability of patients to diabetic foot ulceration. Results highlight that assessments of neuropathy in relation to both small and larger fiber impairment need to be considered for predicting the risk of diabetic foot ulceration.

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Waizy, Hazibullah, Hans Polzer, Nils Schikora, Andreas Forth, Felix Becker, Chrisitina Stukenborg-Colsman, and Daiwei Yao. "One-Stage Metatarsal Interposition Lengthening With an Autologous Fibula Graft for Treatment of Brachymetatarsia." Foot & Ankle Specialist 12, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640018803731.

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Objective: Brachymetatarsia is defined as the pathological shortening of a metatarsal bone, which can cause cosmetic problems and pain in the forefoot. The main surgical treatment options are: extension osteotomy, interposition of a bone graft, and callus distraction. Usually, a bone graft from the iliac crest is used for the interposition osteotomy. The operative technique of graft extraction from the fibula has not been described in the literature yet. Methods: Eight feet with brachymetatarsia in 5 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years. Via a dorsal V/Y skin incision, a central osteotomy on the metatarsal bone was done. A graft was obtained from the anterior fibula. The graft was inserted and fixed by a locking plate. Additional soft tissue procedures were done. Results: We had bony consolidation in all cases. The mean extension was 9.01 mm (5.49 to 12.54 mm). This corresponded to a mean 20.3% extension of the entire metatarsal. High patient satisfaction as well as high satisfaction regarding the cosmetic results were achieved. There were no postoperative complications. The range of motion of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint IV was 20% less preoperative in terms of plantar flexion. Standing up on tiptoes was possible in all patients postoperatively. One patient reported mild symptoms after sports activities. Conclusions: Because of its anatomy the graft adapts to the metatarsal IV bone. As our study showed, harvesting from the distal fibula causes no functional restriction. In terms of wound and bone healing as well as pain symptoms, this method should be considered as an alternative to the standard iliac graft.

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Espinoza, Sandy, Antonietta Gutiérrez Rosati, Danilo Arias, and Víctor Caro. "Mecanismos endógenos implicados en la embriogénesis cigótica y embriogénesis somática." Biotempo 6 (September 6, 2017): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/biotempo.v6i0.877.

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Haberlandt en 1902 propuso la teoría que todas las células de las plantas pueden llegar a formar otras plantas, es decir, la totipotencia, pero en ese tiempo no pudo ser demostrado. White en 1939 informó sobre la inducción de brotes adventicios in vitro de callos en Nicotiana glauca con N. langsdorfii y Nobercourt obtuvo raíces adventicias de brotes en callo de la zanahoria, estos experimentos endosaron la teoría de la totipotencia celular. Más adelante y en forma simultánea, demostraron Reinert y Steward en 1958 sobre la producción de embriones somáticos, más adelante demostró que estos embriones fueron originados de las células aisladas, demostrando la totipotencia de las células de la planta. La regeneración de plantas directamente de explantes o de callos, por medio de la embriogénesis somática se ha utilizado como alternativa en los métodos de la propagación; sin embargo, ese uso se ha limitado debido a estabilidad genética limitada en las culturas de callos. Tiene, no obstante la necesidad regenerar las plantas de selecciones de las células, como también la necesidad para establecer métodos genéticos celulares aplicables en la mejora de las plantas y la recuperación de las variantes somaclonales; por lo tanto un interés considerable en definir las rutas de la regeneración para varias plantas de la importancia económica aún existe

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Fani, N., E. Toulgui, D. Khalifa, S. Mtaoua, W. Ouanes, and S. Jemni. "POS1285 FOOT DISORDERS AND FALLS RISK IN OLDER PERSONS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 925.1–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3918.

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Background:Falls are major problems in older people, leading to serious morbidity and mortality. Many studies have identified intrinsic and extrinsic fall risk factors in order to develop preventive strategies and guidelines. There are few reports which studied the impacts of aging feet on falls [1].Objectives:The present study aimed to explore foot musculoskeletal disorders and their relationship to falls in a healthy aging population.Methods:This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving the patients aged 65 years and over who were independent in self-care and walking followed at the physical medicine and rehabilitation department of the university hospital of sousse over 3 months. The analysed data focused on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics.Trained physicians evaluated health status, foot problems, and fall(s) history of all subjects. Walking performance was assessed using the ‘Timed Get Up & Go’ test and the unipedal stance test was used for the assessment of balance. Footprints were taken from the standing position. Associated factors of foot disorders and falls were analyzed.Results:There were 45 subjects: 18 men, 27 women with a mean age of 69.6 [65-86] years. Foot deformities presented in 87% and were a significantly associated with walking performance or falls (p=0.01, p=0.02). The most common foot musculoskeletal disorder were Halux valgus 31%, followed by Mallet toe 15%. Arch of foot classified by physical examination revealed that pes planus was presented in 35% of cases. There was a significant correlation between BMI and an arch index (p=0.04). Foot problems remained significantly associated with impaired timed up and go test and the unipedal stance test. The causes of pain were plantar fasciitis, hallux valgus, callus, metatarsalgia, and inappropriate footwear. Falls were reported in 33.3 of patients. Falls were significantly associated with Hallux valgus, mallet toe and pain (p<0.05).Conclusion:Independent of the influence of age, gender, common conditions; foot problems have a significant impact on the ability to perform functional tasks integral to independent living.References:[1]Menz HB, Lord SR: Foot problems, functional impairment, and falls in older people. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 1999;89:458– 467. 3 AmericDisclosure of Interests:None declared

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Liu, W. H., X. H. Dai, and J. S. Xu. "Revisión de las influencias de los insectos minadores de hojas en sus plantas huésped." Collectanea Botanica 34 (December 30, 2015): 005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2015.v34.005.

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Los insectos minadores de hojas son un grupo de herbívoros cuyas larvas viven y se alimentan del interior de las hojas. Lo que denominamos minas son las diferentes marcas que quedan en las hojas y que pueden proporcionar valiosa información acerca de las relaciones planta-insecto. La mayoría de minadores son monófagos u oligófagos. Los ecólogos y paleontólogos los usan para estudiar las interacciones y la coevolución entre plantas, insectos y sus enemigos naturales. Existen numerosos tipos de patrones de minas en las hojas, que pueden producir diferentes impactos en la planta hospedadora. Si los comparamos con los insectos ectófagos, los minadores de hojas pueden tener una influencia muy característica en numerosos aspectos de la planta hospedadora, como por ejemplo la morfología y la química foliar, la fisiología de la planta y su crecimiento y producción. Entre los impactos más evidentes, podemos nombrar asimetría foliar, formación de callos, fotosíntesis e «islas verdes». La tipología y el gravedad de estos impactos varían según en tipo de insecto minador y de planta hospedadora. Además, los cambios funcionales que se producen en la planta hospedadora pueden a su vez tener efectos positivos o negativos en la oviposición y la alimentación de los minadores. El estudio de los mecanismos de defensa de la planta hospedadora para combatir a los minadores puede resultar de gran utilidad para entender la coevolución entre ambos organismos.

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Cerda-Hurtado, Ivón Montserrat, Ma Del Carmen Ojeda-Zacarías, Leobardo Iracheta-Donjuan, Jesús Martínez-De la Cerda, Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo, and Adriana Gutiérrez-Díez. "Variabilidad genética de cultivo in vitro de aguacate raza mexicana." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 6, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v6i1.754.

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Explantes foliares de Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia, se establecieron en medio DCR (Gupta y Durzan, 1985) suplementado con vitaminas y reguladores del crecimiento para producir callos, dos sub cultivos se realizaron en intervalos de 30 a 45 días entre ellos. Con el f in de determinar la variabilidad genética se generaron 341 marcadores AFLP (amplif ied fragment lenght polymorphism) polimórf icos con 10 combinaciones de iniciadores, se analizaron 94 muestras: la planta madre, 31 callos, 31 callos del primer sub cultivo y 31 callos del segundo sub cultivo. Se determinó el contenido de información polimórfica (PIC) por combinación de iniciadores y se calculó la distancia genética entre muestras para hacer el análisis de agrupamiento. Se obtuvo la diversidad genética entre la planta madre, callos y callos de los dos sub cultivos y se realizó ei análisis de varianza molecular. Los valores PIC indicaron que las combinaciones de iniciadores fueron adecuadas para estimar la variabilidad genética de los callos. En el análisis de agrupamiento, la planta madre mostró distancias de 0.63 a 0.7 con respecto a sus callos, distancias de 0.78-0.99 se obtuvieron entre los callos y los callos de los dos sub cultivos. La diversidad genética presentó diferencias significativas, el análisis de varianza molecular demostró variabilidad genética entre la planta madre, callos y callos de los dos sub cultivos, así como dentro de los callos, callos del primer sub cultivo y callos del segundo sub cultivo. Los resultados indicaron que la variabilidad genética puede ocurrir en cualquier sub cultivo. Debido a la variabilidad genética presentada los callos no se consideraron clones.

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BRAGA VÁSQUEZ, SONIA MILAGROS, ENA VILMA VELAZCO CASTRO, CARLOS ABANTO RODRÍGUEZ, and CINDY PAOLA CASTRO MUÑOZ. "Enraizamiento de Myrciaria dubia (HBK Mc Vaugh) Clon E3-F7 con diferentes concentraciones de ácido indolbutírico." Llamkasun 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47797/llamkasun.v2i1.33.

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El objetivo de evaluar el enraizamiento de estacas de tallo de Myrciaria dubia (HBK Mc Vaugh) Clon E3-F7 con diferentes concentraciones de ácido indolbutírico. Se seleccionaron plantas madres de 12 años, del caserío San Juan-Yarinacocha, donde se obtuvieron estacas de tallo de la parte media de la planta, con 15 cm de longitud, teniendo dos pares de hojas al 50% de área foliar. El Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA) con cinco tratamientos (T1=0, T2=150, T3=300, T4=450, T5=600 mg L-1 de AIB) y tres repeticiones, con 15 unidades experimentales; cada unidad de 24 estacas, haciendo un total de 360 estacas de tallo. Variables: número de callos, número de raíces y longitud de raíz (cm) evaluándose cada 15 días. El análisis de variancia (p? 0,05) significativo. La prueba de promedio de Tukey (p? 0,05), mostró que el mejor tratamiento en número de callos fue el T1=0 mg L-1 AIB (37, 55 callos), número de raíces el T5 = 600 mg L-1 AIB (3, 11 raíces) y para la longitud de raíces el T4=450 mg L-1 AIB (6, 21 cm). Por consiguiente, las estacas de tallos de Myrciaria dubia (HBK Mc Vaugh) Clon E3-F7, necesitan ser estimulados con hormonas de crecimiento para enraizar.

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Santoso, Adantio Rashid, and Hendra Gunawan. "AOFAS Functional Scoring After Antegrade K Wires Fixation of Multiple Metatarsal Neck Fracture: A Case Report." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 11_suppl6 (November 1, 2019): 2325967119S0046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00467.

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Introduction & Objectives: Metatarsal Bone fractures contribute 3-7% of all fractures of the body, 35% of all fractures from the foot and also contribute 75 new cases per 10.000 persons per year. Another study evaluated the incidence involvement of multiple metatarsal fractures is higher than isolated metatarsal fractures. Metatarsal bone fractures mostly caused by low energy trauma, and also high energy trauma makes the incidence higher. The previous study said, that 43% of metatarsal fractures are the neck of the second and third metatarsal bones. Intramedullary fixation using Kirschner (K) wires has been chosen as a method of operative treatment for metatarsal bone. There are several outcome evaluation instruments for those who sustained a complex ankle or hindfoot injury. Among them, The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score is commonly chosen by orthopedics for a quantitative and objective measurement. This study wants to evaluate the results obtained through AOFAS Scoring for fractures of the metatarsal neck, represent the clinical and functional results after K-wire management in surgery. Case Report: A 35-year-old man has admitted to the ER with a chief complain of a painful right hindfoot. Previously, a brick fell upon his hind foot while he was working to repair a wall with nothing to protect his hind foot. In our case, direct trauma due to falling object upon of his dorsal hindfoot caused neck fractures of 2nd - 4thmetatarsal bones, which had confirmed by X-Ray photos. His hind foot had been swelling and his fingers were barely able to do flexion and extension. We waited until the edema regresses for the surgery, in order to reduce the risk of developing compartment syndrome. In our case, we delayed surgery for 2 days. An antegrade K wires fixation is achieved by using antegrade wire insertion at the fracture site followed by retrograde fixation of the proximal fragment with the same wire. We have been following the patient from the beginning until 6 months after the K Wires fixation surgery in an outpatient clinic, and also the patient was kept no-weight-bearing within 2 months. Results & Discussion: In 2 months after the surgery, we did the X-Ray and it showed a callus formation. Then we expelled the K wires. We prospectively evaluated the outcome trough the AOFAS score and the score was 95 in the 6th month of the evaluation. We chose antegrade introduction of the K Wires for the best outcome, prevent a high rate of complications related to this type of treatment, minimize soft tissue insult to avoid the unsatisfactory outcome. When metatarsal bone fracture happened and did more than 10 degrees of angulation, it could make a disturbance of load distribution under metatarsal head that leads to mechanical metatarsalgia. Besides, it can also produce painful calluses and traumatic neuroma formation lead to painful trauma and then disturb a function of the lower limb. The antegrade approach prevents plantar displacement of the distal metatarsal fragment during K-wire insertion continues with an exteriorization by the retrograde manner of the wire in the plantar region. The study said that no complications were identified related to using the type of treatment. Another study said that a patient treated by a percutaneous antegrade surgical approach, had higher AOFAS scores, averaging more than 95 points within the 6th-month postoperative period. Inadequate fracture reduction, failure of fixation and pin-site infection could lower the AOFAS Score. Thus Percutaneous antegrade surgical treatment is an effective treatment for metatarsal fractures, with a lower incidence of complications. Conclusions: A metatarsal bone fracture that not treated properly can lead to changes in gait and foot load distribution, as it would decrease the point of AOFAS Score evaluation. We expect that the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score could give an objective quantitative scoring for the patients’ foot function, not only after the trauma but also after the surgery. A proper diagnosis and management of this fracture result in a good prognosis and low complication rates, presented by higher AOFAS Score.

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Del Aguila Yaicate, Francisco, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Andrés Guillermo Córdova Rojas, Manuel Martín Brañas, Felicia Díaz Jarama, and Marx Peña Hidalgo. "Plantas arbóreas de Iquitos monumental, Loreto, Perú." Ciencia Amazónica (Iquitos) 10, no. 1-2 (December 21, 2022): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22386/ca.v10i1-2.361.

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Las plantas tienen importancia ecológica y social en la arborización de las ciudades. En la ciudad de Iquitos no se han realizado muchos estudios al respecto. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la diversidad y composición de plantas arbóreas en las calles del centro de Iquitos, Loreto, Perú. El inventario se realizó en diez calles de la ciudad y se consideraron las plantas con tallos ≥ 5 cm de diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), las muestras fueron herborizadas. Se registraron 199 individuos que pertenecen a 25 especies, 23 géneros y 17 familias; la riqueza por calle varió entre 0 a 15 especies; en cuanto a la diversidad beta, de acuerdo al índice de similaridad de Bray-Curtis, varió entre 0 a 0,62 % entre las calles. Las especies más representativas fueron Ficus benjamina L., Roystonea regia (Kunth) OFCook, Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Terminalia catappa L., Adonidia merrillii (Becc.) Becc., Elaeis guineensis Jacq., Mangifera indica L. Las familias registradas fueron Arecaceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae, Fabaceae y otras. Iquitos tiene una baja diversidad de plantas (comparada con otras ciudades) y la mayoría de especies de plantas arbóreas de Iquitos no son nativas.

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Kruglova, N. N., and O. A. Seldimirova. "The “embryo in planta–callus in vitro” system: Cytophysiological aspects (by example of wheat)." Biomics 12, no. 2 (2020): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2020-8.

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Téllez-Román, Janeth, María Cristina Guadalupe López-Peralta, Eleodoro Hernández-Meneses, Andrés Adolfo Estrada Luna, Hilda Araceli Zavaleta Mancera, and Manuel Livera Muñoz. "Morfogénesis in vitro de Mammillaria plumosa Weber." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 8, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v8i4.13.

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Mammillaria plumosa es una cactácea mexicana altamente apreciada como planta ornamental por su peculiar morfología. La extracción desmedida y el saqueo de sus poblaciones silvestres han forzado su protección y actualmente se encuentra clasificada como una especie en peligro de extinción. Ante esta crítica situación el presente trabajo se planteó como objetivo desarrollar un sistema de propagación in vitro eficiente factible de implementarse como una de las estrategias para la recuperación de la especie. Segmentos de tallos con aréolas se sembraron en medio MS (1962), suplementado con 2,4-D (9, 13.5 y 18 μM) en combinación con cinetina (4.6, 9.3 y 13.9 μM). Todos los tratamientos evaluados indujeron la formación de callos pero la activación de las aréolas para su conversión en brotes solo se obtuvo con 18 μM de 2,4-D y 9.3 μM de cinetina. En la etapa de proliferación los callos continuaron su crecimiento en las mismas concentraciones de reguladores de crecimiento, la diferenciación de brotes se produjo a partir de la activación areolar y la diferenciación de brotes adventicios de novo. Los brotes formaron raíces de forma natural en el proceso pero el enraizamiento se mejoró con el cultivo en medio MS (1962) a la mitad de concentración de sales. En la aclimatación de plantas la tasa de supervivencia fue 85% en sustrato de turba y arena de río. Con este protocolo es posible establecer la micropropagación de Mammillaria plumosa donde se pueden regenerar un promedio 500 plantas en 24 semanas de cultivo, las cuales podrían servir en la restauración de poblaciones silvestres o para su aprovechamiento comercial.

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Hernández Amasifuen, Angel David, Alexis Argüelles Curaca, Anthony Apolinario Cortez Lázaro, and Hermila Belba Díaz Pillas. "Inducción in vitro de callos a partir de explantes foliares en rocoto (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.)." La Granja 34, no. 2 (August 27, 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n34.2021.09.

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El rocoto (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.) es una planta oriunda de Perú, empleada en la gastronomía nacional, tiene un gran valor nutricional, y presenta propiedades farmacéuticas y medicinales. El cultivo es susceptible a enfermedades causada por fitopatógenos, los cuales son diseminados por semillas de cultivares o almácigos infectados. Mediante el uso de herramientas biotecnológicas como el cultivo de tejidos vegetales in vitro se puede obtener plantas libres de patógenos, de buena calidad y de gran potencial agronómico. Por lo tanto, el presente trabajo se planteó como objetivo desarrollar una metodología para la inducción in vitro de callos a partir de hojas en rocoto. Se emplearon plántulas de rocoto germinadas in vitro, de las cuales se seleccionaron las primeras hojas verdaderas que fueron seccionadas en explantes de 1 cm y colocadas en diferentes medios de cultivo MS adicionadas con ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D). Se evaluó la respuesta de inducción a callogénesis en cinco tratamientos con diferentes concentraciones de 2,4-D (0; 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 y 1 mg l−1), en condiciones de 25 °C en oscuridad durante 35 días. Los medios de cultivo adicionados con 0,75 y 1 mg l−1 de 2,4-D permitieron obtener 100% de inducción de callos en las hojas de rocoto con 81% y 86% respectivamente de formación de callos de grado 3. Este estudio, pionero para la especie, abre expectativas en programas de mejoramiento para su potencial uso.

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Pennisi, A. M., M. R. Abenavoli, B. Maimone, and L. Di Dio. "In planta and in vitro interactions between Phomopsis (Diaporthe) isolates and sunflower." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (December 31, 2017): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10524-pps.

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In this study, we determined the amount of H2O2 released by sunflower callus cultures challenged by both crude hyphal wall extracts and culture filtrates of 26 Phomopsis isolates from sunflower of worldwide origin (Argentina, France, Italy, Yugoslavia, Rumania). The amount of H2O2 released by callus cultures and the production time-course response, however, did not correlate with both the amount of electrolytes released by sunflower leaf disks treated with crude culture filtrates and the results of pathogenicity tests on sunflower seedlings. Only few isolates induced a time-course response indicative of an oxidative burst. This would suggest that elicitors extracted from hyphal walls are not involved in this host-pathogen recognition system and toxic metabolites produced by Phomopsis in liquid cultures are not pathogenicity factors.

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Poigenfürst, Johannes. "The postero-plantar approach to the Os calcis." Orthopaedics and Traumatology 2, no. 1 (March 1993): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02620535.

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Sharry, Sandra, and Walter Abedini. "SELECCIÓN DE CALLOS ORGANOGÉNICOS TOLERANTES A BAJA TEMPERATURA Y REGENERACIÓN DE PLANTAS DE Melia azedarach L." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 24, no. 1 (November 11, 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2001.1.95.

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El presente trabajo se desarrolló durante los años 1992-1994 en el Centro Experimental de Propagación Vegetativa, ciudad de La Plata, Argentina. El objetivo del trabajo fue obtener plantas de Melia azedarach L. tolerantes a baja temperatura mediante la selección in vitro de callos organogénicos. Esta especie tiene importancia en la industria forestal y como fuente de metabolitos secundarios con propiedades insecticidas y medicinales. Su sensibilidad a heladas tardías, originada en su bajo umbral térmico de brotación, obstaculiza la extensión de su cultivo. Se utilizó la metodología general de cultivo de tejidos in vitro aplicando presión de selección a estrés abiótico sobre callos. Se ajustó un protocolo eficiente de regeneración de plantas vía organogénesis indirecta. Se obtuvo una sobrevivencia de 45 % de los callos sometidos a baja temperatura, con una tasa de regeneración de 1 a 5 brotes cada 250 mg de callo. Las plantas completas presentaron 85 % de sobrevivencia en condiciones de invernadero. El ácido giberélico demostró tener gran influencia en la formación de meristemoides en callos de esta especie. En conclusión, la selección de plantastolerantes a baja temperatura a través del cultivo de tejidos in vitro se presenta como alternativa promisoria para complementar programas de mejoramiento de especies forestales.

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Painii, Vicente, Gardenia Gonzales, Eduardo Calero, Jonathan Palma, and Benito Olvera. "Evaluación de líneas de soya desarrolladas por el itav en dos zonas de producción de la provincia de los Ríos." Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53591/iti.v4i4.100.

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El propósito de la investigación fue evaluar el rendimiento y comportamiento agronómico de siete líneas de soya desarrolladas por el ITAV en dos localidades de la provincia de Los Ríos, a fin de obtener una nueva variedad, como alternativa de siembra para los agricultores de la zona. Se parte de la hipótesis nula que no hay diferencias entre ellas y, como hipótesis alterna, que al menos una de ellas es superior. Las líneas provienen de un proyecto de mejoramiento genético en el cual se trataba de buscar segregantes con buena capacidad de producción y características agronómicas deseables de planta. Los ensayos se realizaron en la finca "Los Gramales" (junio - septiembre), ubicada a 5 1/2 km de la carretera Puebloviejo - Catarama y en los campos experimentales del ITAV en Yinces (junio-septiembre), ubicada en el Km 1 1/2 de la carretera Vinces-Palestina. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar y nueve tratamientos (se incluyó dos testigos INIAP - 308 y Vinces 2), con cuatro repeticiones. Las unidades experimentales fueron de cuatro surcos de seis m, separados a 0,60 m entre calles y una población de 250 000 plantas/ha. A la cosecha se descartaron los surcos bordes. La siembra fue manual y se realizaron todas las prácticas agronómicas de un cultivo comercial. Las variables en estudio fueron: características agronómicas de la planta, componentes del rendimiento, incidencia de insectos enfermedades y rendimientos. Al término de la investigación se encontró que las líneas So ITAV 4, So ITAV 5 y So ITAV 7 se destacaron por los rendimientos y características agronómicas de la planta.

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Mállap-Detquizán, Gerardo, Jegnes B. Meléndez-Mori, Eyner Huaman-Huaman, Nuri C. Vilca-Valqui, and Manuel Oliva. "Cultivo de anteras en Physalis peruviana L. estadios de microsporas, métodos de esterilización y medios de cultivo." Bioagro 35, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51372/bioagro351.4.

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El cultivo de anteras es una herramienta que permite la producción de plantas homocigotas doble haploides y es una alternativa viable y apropiada para el mejoramiento de cultivos. Sin embargo, el éxito de su aplicación depende de diversos factores que afectan su eficiencia. Por ello, el objetivo del estudio fue determinar los estadios de las microsporas asociadas con el desarrollo de los botones florales, así como evaluar los métodos de esterilización y el desarrollo de las anteras de Physalis peruviana en cuatro medios de cultivo. El estadio uninucleado tardío, adecuado para iniciar la androgénesis se encontró en botones florares de entre 7,85 y 9,37 mm de longitud polar. Los niveles más bajos de oxidación (10 %) y contaminación (20 %), y la mayor viabilidad de anteras (70 %) se registraron bajo el tratamiento de esterilización superficial con etanol (70 %) por 3 min y NaClO (2 %) durante 15 min. La formación de callos y la regeneración de la planta se obtuvieron en los medios de cultivo B5 y LS, lo que indica su utilidad en los programas de mejoramiento.

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VILAÇA VASCONCELOS, MARIA JOSÉ, MAURICIO SCHUSTERSCHITZ ANTUNES, MAURÍLIO FERNANDES DE OLIVEIRA, MAURÍCIO ANTÔNIO LOPES, and JOSÉ EDSON FONTES FIGUEIREDO. "CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE EMBRYOS CULTURE OF TROPICAL MAIZE." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 17, no. 3 (December 21, 2018): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v17n3p359-368.

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ABSTRACT - The development of protocols to overcome the current limitations of callus induction and in vitro regeneration of highly recalcitrant tropical maize is crucial for plant genetic transformation. The ability of embryogenic callus (EC) formation of 46 tropical maize hybrids and 14 inbred lines was tested using N6 medium with the following changes: medium A (N6 + 15 μM dicamba + 25 mM L-proline + 88 mM AgNO3), medium B (N6 + 30 μM dicamba + 25 mM L-proline + 88 mM AgNO3), medium C (N6+ 30 μM dicamba + 6 mM L-proline), and medium D (N6+ 30 μM dicamba + 25 mM L-proline). Compact (Type I) and friable (Type II) callus were induced in the four media. Twenty genotypes produced callus in all media, and four genotypes (CO32, AG8012, CMS477BC4F2, and CMS-HGZ10) produced the highest number of callus (114, 134, 131, and 126 calli, respectively). All immature embryos of ten genotypes produced callus in at least one medium, while eight genotypes were highly recalcitrant, and they did not produce any callus. The frequencies of EC ranged from 0% to 38%, and the highest rate of EC was observed on medium B (0.40) with a total of 865 calli, and the lowest induction rate was obtained with medium D (0.29) with 555 calli (P= 0.05). From the seventy-two EC of 26 genotypes transferred to Murashige & Skoog regeneration medium, twenty-four (66.7%) differentiated into green plants which produced seeds in R0 and R1 generations, and twelve (33.3%) developed into albino plants. The results demonstrated that the problem of the recalcitrant genotypes can be, at least partially, overcome by using immature embryos as explants together with tissue culture media formulations.Keywords: Zea mays, immature embryos, somatic embryogenesis, tissue culture, type I and type II calli. INDUÇÃO DE CALO E REGENERAÇÃO DE PLANTAS DA CULTURA DE EMBRIÕES IMATUROS DE MILHO TROPICAL RESUMO - O desenvolvimento de protocolos para superar as limitações atuais de indução de calos e regeneração in vitro de milho tropical altamente recalcitrante é crucial para a transformação genética de plantas. Foi testada a capacidade de formação de calos embriogênicos (CE) de 46 híbridos de milho tropicais e 14 linhagens cultivadas em Meio N6 com as seguintes alterações: Meio A (N6 + 15 μM dicamba + 25 mM L-prolina + 88 mM AgNO3), Meio B (N6 + 30 μM de dicamba + 25 mM de L-prolina + 88 μM de AgNO3), Meio C (N6 + 30 μM de dicamba + 6 mM de L-prolina) e Meio D (N6 + 30 μM de dicamba + 25 mM de L-prolina). Calos compactos (tipo I) e friáveis (tipo II) foram induzidos nos quatro meios de cultura. Vinte genótipos produziram calos em todos os meios, e quatro genótipos (CO32, AG8012, CMS477BC4F2 e CMS-HGZ10) produziram o maior número de calos (114, 134, 131 e 126 calos, respectivamente). Todos os embriões imaturos de dez genótipos produziram calos em pelo menos um meio, enquanto oito genótipos foram altamente recalcitrantes e não produziram nenhum calo. As frequências de CE variaram de 0% a 38%, e a maior taxa de CE foi observada no meio B (0,40), com um total de 865 calos, e a menor taxa de indução com o meio D (0,29), com 555 calos (P = 0,05). Dos setenta e dois CE de 26 genótipos transferidos para meio de regeneração Murashige & Skoog, vinte e quatro (66,7%) se diferenciaram em plantas verdes que produziram sementes nas gerações R0 e R1, e doze (33,3%) se desenvolveram em plantas albinas. O problema relacionado dos genótipos recalcitrantes de milho pode ser, pelo menos parcialmente, contornado com o uso de explantes de embriões imaturos juntamente com a formulação dos meios de cultura.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, embriões imaturos, embriogênese somática, cultura de tecidos, calos tipo I e tipo II.

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Dornelles, A. L. C., F. I. F. Carvalho, L. C. Federizzi, C. L. Handel, F. Bered, M. E. B. Sordi, and F. Schneider. "Callus induction and plant regeneration by Brazilian triticale and wheat genotypes." Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20, no. 1 (March 1997): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84551997000100008.

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In order to determine the in vitro behavior of Brazilian triticale, 16 triticale genotypes, and three wheat genotypes used as checks, were sown in June 1994. The explants used were immature embryos. In addition to the genotype tests, two culture media for callus induction were also evaluated, i.e., MS (Murashige and Skoog, Physiol. Plant. 15: 473-497, 1962) medium containing 2.0 mg 2,4D/l, and MS medium containing 4.0 mg 2,4D/l. The plant regeneration protocol used was the one employed at the Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos, Departamento de Plantas de Lavoura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, for wheat. Differences in plant regeneration were observed both among triticale and wheat genotypes, with triticale usually showing better regeneration than wheat. No differences were observed between the callus induction media.

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Dovzhenko, Alexander, and Hans-Ulrich Koop. "Sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris L.): shoot regeneration from callus and callus protoplasts." Planta 217, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1006-7.

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Penneys, David. "A Planar Calculus for Infinite Index Subfactors." Communications in Mathematical Physics 319, no. 3 (December 11, 2012): 595–648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-012-1627-4.

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Hernández-Meneses, Eleodoro, María Cristina G. López-Peralta, Andrés A. Estrada-Lun, and Guadalupe Valdovinos-Ponce. "EMBRIOGÉNESIS SOMÁTICA EN Heliconia collinsiana GRIGGS." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 45, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2022.3.333.

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Las heliconias son plantas ornamentales tropicales apreciadas por sus inflorescencias de formas exóticas y colores brillantes. Su cultivo requiere sistemas de propagación como la embriogénesis somática, que permitan clonar genotipos élite y generar suficiente material vegetativo de calidad fitosanitaria certificada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer un protocolo de embriogénesis somática para Heliconia collinsiana y caracterizar histológicamente el origen de los embriones. Secciones transversales de la base de pseudotallos de plantas regeneradas in vitro se establecieron en el medio de Murashige y Skoog (MS) con distintas concentraciones de ácido 2,4-diclofenoxiacético (2,4-D) para inducir la formación de callos. En las etapas de maduración y germinación de los embriones se evaluó el efecto de benciladenina (BA), ácido abscísico (ABA), y en la conversión a plantas, se evaluó la concentración de sales MS. La formación de callos ocurrió en oscuridad con 18 mg L-1 de 2,4-D y 0.5 g L-1 de carbón activado. La multiplicación de callos se obtuvo con 1 o 2 mg L-1 de 2,4-D y 16 h luz. La maduración y germinación de los embriones somáticos se observó con 0.5 mg L-1 de BA, y la conversión y crecimiento de las plantas se logró con la mitad de concentración de sales del medio MS. Los embriones se originaron de masas proembriogénicas conformadas por células pequeñas, isodiamétricas, con núcleos prominentes y citoplasma denso. En la etapa de aclimatación, 95 % de las plantas sobrevivieron en condiciones de invernadero. Este es el primer protocolo de embriogénesis somática novedoso para la multiplicación clonal de esta especie ornamental y establece las bases para futuros estudios en otras especies nativas, cultivares comerciales o híbridos derivados de mejoramiento genético.

Journal articles on the topic 'Plantar callus'

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