Books on the topic 'Plantar callus'
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1
Mejía, Luis Miguel Alvarez. Plantas de la región centro-sur de Caldas. Manizales, Colombia: Editorial Universidad de Caldas, 2007.
2
Ruiz, Carmen Moreno. Guía de plantas de las calles, plazas, parques y jardines de Fuengirola. [Málaga]: Centro de Ediciones de la Diputación de Málaga, 1995.
3
Bourrier, Régis. Les réseaux d'assainissement: Calculs, applications, perspectives. 2nd ed. Paris: Lavoisier, 1985.
4
Hall, Rex Elliot. Callous disregard: An inside story of the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant : recollections of Harold "Hotsy" Hargan, nuclear whistleblower and arms race casualty (as told to Sandy Stricker). [United States]: Lulu.com, 2010.
5
Underhill, Terry L. Heaths & heathers: The growerʼs encyclopedia. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1990.
6
Luengo, José Guillermo Merck. La Botica de la Calle Mayor de Cartagena. Murcia: Real Academia Alfonso X el Sabio, 1994.
7
Borzyh, Stanislav. Urban evolution. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1841828.
Abstract:
The monograph is devoted to evolution, but in the form that man gave it. It is assumed that unnatural conditions of its flow were created in cities and near them, which changed the logic of its functioning, but this has become especially noticeable over the past hundred years, during which the entire planet was included in the orbit of our influence. This made it possible to unite the Earth into one whole, but at the same time it transformed the work of natural selection, turning it into an artificial one that concerns everyone and everything, without any exceptions. Accordingly, three planes of its unfolding are considered, namely: geography, the biosphere and our species, in each of which the same dynamics of its implementation can be traced. From all this, it is concluded that today there is no wild and inherent in the whole history of his version, but the one that prevails is that we, consciously and not, planted on this space object with all its inhabitants. This new version of it is proposed to be called urban revolution - by the name of the site of its unfolding and everything that is associated with it, but it is repeatedly emphasized that the essence of the process has remained the same, the scene where it is carried out has simply been transformed.
It is intended for both specialists and the general public.
8
Ninul, Anatolij Sergeevič. Tenzornaja trigonometrija: Teorija i prilozenija / Theory and Applications /. Moscow, Russia: Mir Publisher, 2004.
9
Ninul, Anatolij Sergeevič. Tensor Trigonometry. Moscow, Russia: Fizmatlit Publisher, 2021.
10
Tanner, Natalie Anne. The effect of an alphahydroxy acid on plantar forefoot callus: A preliminary study. 1999.
11
Huang, Wentao, Yirong Liu, Jibin Li, and Science Science Press. Planar Dynamical Systems: Selected Classical Problems. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2014.
12
Ellison, Aaron, and Lubomír Adamec, eds. Carnivorous Plants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.001.0001.
Abstract:
Carnivorous plants have fascinated botanists, evolutionary biologists, ecologists, physiologists, developmental biologists, anatomists, horticulturalists, and the general public for centuries. Charles Darwin was the first scientist to demonstrate experimentally that some plants could actually attract, kill, digest, and absorb nutrients from insect prey; his book Insectivorous Plants (1875) remains a widely cited classic. Subsequent monographs by Lloyd (1942) and Juniper et al. (1989) summarized and synthesized available scientific data on these remarkable plants. Scientific investigations and understanding of carnivorous plants has evolved and changed dramatically in the nearly 30 years since Juniper et al’s Carnivorous Plants was published, and thousands of scientific papers on carnivorous plants have appeared in the academic literature. In putting together this fourth major work on the biology of carnivorous plants, Ellison and Adamec have assembled the world’s leading experts to provide a truly modern synthesis. The contributing authors examine every aspect of systematics, physiology, biochemistry, genomics, ecology, and evolution of what Darwin called ‘the most wonderful plants in the world,’ and describe the serious threats they now face from over-collection, poaching, habitat loss, and climatic change, which directly threaten their habitats and continued persistence in them. This accessible text is suitable for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in plant biology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. It will also be of relevance and use to horticulturalists and carnivorous plant enthusiasts.
13
Taiz, Lincoln, and Lee Taiz. Crop Domestication and Gender. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490263.003.0003.
Abstract:
“Crop Domestication and Gender” traces the rise of permanent settlements and incipient agriculture from the Pre-pottery Neolithic to the Pottery Neolithic in the Levant, together with the iconographic changes that show a shift from the predominance of zoomorphic forms to female forms concurrent with the increasing importance of agriculture. It discusses relevant geographic features, climactic periods and changes in temperature, rainfall and glaciation while exploring the important transitional cultures and the artifacts that reveal the progress of agricultural development and plant domestication. Domestication of the founder crops of the Fertile Crescent are described, together with markers in the archaeological record that distinguish wild plants from domesticated plants. The abundance of female figurines at the Neolithic village of Sha’ar Hagolan and the presence of cryptic agricultural symbols at Hacilar and Çatalhüyük, support a close association of women, cats, and agriculture, most famously exemplified by the so-called “grain bin goddess“ of Çatalhüyük.
14
Taiz, Lincoln, and Lee Taiz. Plant Sex from Empedocles to Theophrastus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490263.003.0008.
Abstract:
“Plant Sex from Empedocles to Theophrastus” investigates Greek philosophies concerning plants. The Pythagoreans and pre-Socratic philosophers taught that the universe was governed by a divine order that could be understood through mathematical or physical laws, and that “natural laws” were discoverable by observation and logic. This tradition eventually gave rise to modern science. Unlike Plato, who viewed the physical world as “shadows,” knowable only through mathematics and abstract philosophy, Aristotle and Theophrastus regarded everything in the natural world that could be perceived by the senses as both real and knowable, and believed direct observation combined with reason and logic were the most reliable guides to truth. They systematized a prodigious amount of biological information, but were unable to elucidate the problem of plant sex. Theophrastus’ failed to understand the so-called “degeneration” of trees grown from seed because it couldn’t be understood without a two-sex model. Biblical theorists fared no better.
15
Guionnet, Alice. Free probability. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797319.003.0003.
Abstract:
Free probability was introduced by D. Voiculescu as a theory of noncommutative random variables (similar to integration theory) equipped with a notion of freeness very similar to independence. In fact, it is possible in this framework to define the natural ‘free’ counterpart of the central limit theorem, Gaussian distribution, Brownian motion, stochastic differential calculus, entropy, etc. It also appears as the natural setup for studying large random matrices as their size goes to infinity and hence is central in the study of random matrices as their size go to infinity. In this chapter the free probability framework is introduced, and it is shown how it naturally shows up in the random matrices asymptotics via the so-called ‘asymptotic freeness’. The connection with combinatorics and the enumeration of planar maps, including loop models, are discussed.
16
Monro, Alexandre K., and Simon J. Mayo, eds. Cryptic Species. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009070553.
Abstract:
Cryptic species are organisms which look identical, but which represent distinct evolutionary lineages. They are an emerging trend in organismal biology across all groups, from flatworms, insects, amphibians, primates, to vascular plants. This book critically evaluates the phenomenon of cryptic species and demonstrates how they can play a valuable role in improving our understanding of evolution, in particular of morphological stasis. It also explores how the recognition of cryptic species is intrinsically linked to the so-called 'species problem', the lack of a unifying species concept in biology, and suggests alternative approaches. Bringing together a range of perspectives from practicing taxonomists, the book presents case studies of cryptic species across a range of animal and plant groups. It will be an invaluable text for all biologists interested in species and their delimitation, definition, and purpose, including undergraduate and graduate students and researchers.
17
Rhodes1, Rémi, and Vincent Vargas2. Gaussian multiplicative chaos and Liouville quantum gravity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797319.003.0012.
Abstract:
The purpose of this chapter is to explain the probabilistic construction of Polyakov’s Liouville quantum gravity using the theory of Gaussian multiplicative chaos. In particular, this chapter contains a detailed description of the so-called Liouville measures of the theory and their conjectured relation to the scaling limit of large planar maps properly embedded in the sphere. This chapter is rather short and requires no prior knowledge on the topic.
18
Armstrong, Philip. Preposterous Nature in Shakespeare’s Tragedies. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.7.
Abstract:
Nature is always a slippery word, not least in Shakespeare’s tragedies. This chapter focuses on the plays’ evocations of and engagements with material nature, in regard to both the external environment (for example weather, plants and animals) and the human body (for example the various humoural substances and vital spirits that constitute what Gail Kern Paster calls the ‘psychophysiology’ of the early modern body). In so doing, the chapter seeks to demonstrate some of the differences between Shakespearean representations of nature and those bequeathed by what Bruno Latour calls ‘the Modern Constitution’.
19
Retallack, James. Suffrage Reform as Coup d’État. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199668786.003.0008.
Abstract:
In the period 1894 to 1902 Saxons demonstrated that the expansion of voting rights could be slowed and actually reversed. This chapter shows how right-wing politicians, statesmen, municipal councilors, and others used a perceived crisis following political assassinations in mid-1894 to refocus middle-class fears on the “threat” of socialism. At the national level, calls for a coup d’état against the Reichstag dovetailed with less dramatic calls to action against Social Democracy. When these appeals yielded meager results, Saxons responded by passing a reform of their Landtag’s suffrage in 1896: it replaced a relatively equitable system with unequal three-class voting. Socialists disappeared from the Landtag, and the Reichstag elections of 1898 were unexciting. In the period 1898–1902 Saxon Conservatism reached the zenith of its power. But Social Democratic outrage over “suffrage robbery” had already planted the seeds of a political reversal.
20
Underwood, Terry, and Terry L. Underhill. Heaths and Heathers: The Grower's Encyclopedia. David & Charles Publishers, 1991.
21
Armstrong, Joshua. Maps and Territories. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786942012.001.0001.
Abstract:
The rapidity of postwar globalization and the structural changes it has brought to both social and spatial aspects of everyday life have meant, in France as elsewhere, the destabilizing of senses of place, identity, and belonging, as once familiar, local environments are increasingly de-localized and made porous to global trends and planetary preoccupations. Maps and Territories identifies such preoccupations as a fundamental underlying impetus for the contemporary French novel. Indeed, like France itself, the protagonists of its best fiction are constantly called upon to renegotiate their identity in order to maintain any sense of belonging within the troubled territories they call home. Maps and Territories reads today’s French novel for how it re-maps such territories, and for how it positions its protagonists vis-à-vis the spatial crisis of globalized capitalism. It uncovers previously unseen affinities amongst—and offers original perspectives on—a diverse set of authors: namely, Michel Houellebecq, Chloé Delaume, Lydie Salvayre, Jean-Philippe Toussaint, Virginie Despentes, Philippe Vasset, Jean Rolin, and Marie Darrieussecq. In the process, it sets the literary works into dialogue with a range of influential theorists of postmodernity and globalization, including Paul Virilio, Marc Augé, Peter Sloterdijk, Bruno Latour, Fredric Jameson, Edward Casey, David Harvey, and Ursula K. Heise.
22
Caputi, Jane. Call Your "Mutha". Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190902704.001.0001.
Abstract:
The proposed new geological era, The Anthropocene (a.k.a. Age of Humans, Age of Man), marking human domination of the planet long called Mother Earth, is truly The Age of the Motherfucker. The ecocide of the Anthropocene is the responsibility of Man, the Western- and masculine-identified corporate, military, intellectual, and political class that masks itself as the exemplar of the civilized and the human. The word motherfucker was invented by the enslaved children of White slave masters to name their mothers’ rapist/owners. Man’s strategic motherfucking, from the personal to the planetary, is invasion, exploitation, spirit-breaking, extraction and toxic wasting of individuals, communities, and lands, for reasons of pleasure, plunder, and profit. Ecocide is attempted deicide of Mother Nature-Earth, reflecting Man’s goal to become the god he first made in his own image. The motivational word Motherfucker has a flip side, further revealing the Anthropocene as it signifies an outstanding, formidable, and inexorable force. Mother Nature-Earth is that “Mutha’ ”—one defying translation into heteropatriarchal classifications of gender, one capable of overwhelming Man, and not the other way around. Drawing upon Indigenous and African American scholarship; ecofeminism; ecowomanism; green activism; femme, queer, and gender non-binary philosophies; literature and arts; Afrofuturism; and popular culture, Call Your “Mutha’ ” contends that the Anthropocene is not evidence of Man’s supremacy over nature, but that Mother Nature-Earth, faced with disrespect, is going away. It is imperative now to call the “Mutha’ ” by decolonizing land, bodies, and minds, ending rapism, feeding the green, renewing sustaining patterns, and affirming devotion to Mother Nature-Earth.
23
Orr, David W. Down to the Wire. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393538.001.0001.
Abstract:
The real fault line in American politics is not between liberals and conservatives.... It is, rather, in how we orient ourselves to the generations to come who will bear the consequences, for better and for worse, of our actions. So writes David Orr in Down to the Wire, a sober and eloquent assessment of climate destabilization and an urgent call to action. Orr describes how political negligence, an economy based on the insatiable consumption of trivial goods, and a disdain for the well-being of future generations have brought us to the tipping point that biologist Edward O. Wilson calls "the bottleneck." Due to our refusal to live within natural limits, we now face a long emergency of rising temperatures, rising sea-levels, and a host of other related problems that will increasingly undermine human civilization. Climate destabilization to which we are already committed will change everything, and to those betting on quick technological fixes or minor adjustments to the way we live now, Down to the Wire is a major wake-up call. But this is not a doomsday book. Orr offers a wide range of pragmatic, far-reaching proposals--some of which have already been adopted by the Obama administration--for how we might reconnect public policy with rigorous science, bring our economy into alignment with ecological realities, and begin to regard ourselves as planetary trustees for future generations. He offers inspiring real-life examples of people already responding to the major threat to our future. An exacting analysis of where we are in terms of climate change, how we got here, and what we must now do, Down to the Wire is essential reading for those wanting to join in the Great Work of our generation.
24
LA CALLE MAYOR. EL MISMO AUTOR, 2010.
25
LA CALLE MAYOR. PANAMA: ALFONSO JATIVA GOMEZ, 2010.
26
LA CALLE MAYOR. YO MISMO, 2010.
27
Canfield, Donald Eugene. What Controls Atmospheric Oxygen Concentrations? Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691145020.003.0005.
Abstract:
This chapter deals with the fundamental question of why there is oxygen in the atmosphere at all. It seeks to identify the main processes controlling the oxygen concentration. Plants and cyanobacteria produce the oxygen, but it accumulates only because some of the original photosynthetically produced organic matter is buried and preserved in sediments. Another oxygen source is an anaerobic microbial process called sulfate reduction that respires organic matter using sulfate and produces sulfide. This process is quite common in nature but are most prominent in relatively isolated basins like the Black Sea, and in most marine sediments at depths where oxygen has been consumed by respiration. If there is iron around, the sulfide reacts with the iron, forming a mineral called pyrite. While organic carbon burial has been the main oxygen source to the atmosphere over the past several hundred million years, for some intervals further back in time, pyrite burial may well have dominated as an oxygen source.
28
Annette, Magnusson. Part III Public International Law Disputes, Climate Disputes, and Sustainable Development in the Energy Sector, 17 Climate Disputes and Sustainable Development in the Energy Sector: Bridging the Enforceability Gap. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198805786.003.0017.
Abstract:
This chapter provides an overview of energy-related sustainability objectives. It also provides a list of instruments aimed at their enforcement. Today, not many avenues are available to use international arbitration to enforce sustainability objectives. The chapter analyzes whether and how international arbitration can offer support for desirable developments towards meeting sustainable energy needs for the future by encouraging new instruments and other innovations. It also acknowledges the importance of what might be called ‘indirect’ enforcement of sustainability objectives, via legal instruments other than those defining the sustainability objectives as such (eg commercial arbitration enforcing the construction of a solar energy plant).
29
Trieloff, Mario. Noble Gases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.30.
Abstract:
This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.Although the second most abundant element in the cosmos is helium, noble gases are also called rare gases. The reason is that they are not abundant on terrestrial planets like our Earth, which is characterized by orders of magnitude depletion of—particularly light—noble gases when compared to the cosmic element abundance pattern. Indeed, such geochemical depletion and enrichment processes make noble gases so versatile concerning planetary formation and evolution: When our solar system formed, the first small grains started to adsorb small amounts of noble gases from the protosolar nebula, resulting in depletion of light He and Ne when compared to heavy noble gases Ar, Kr, and Xe: the so-called planetary type abundance pattern. Subsequent flash heating of the first small mm to cm-sized objects (chondrules and calcium, aluminum rich inclusions) resulted in further depletion, as well as heating—and occasionally differentiation—on small planetesimals, which were precursors of larger planets and which we still find in the asteroid belt today from where we get rocky fragments in form of meteorites. In most primitive meteorites, we even can find tiny rare grains that are older than our solar system and condensed billions of years ago in circumstellar atmospheres of, for example, red giant stars. These grains are characterized by nucleosynthetic anomalies and particularly identified by noble gases, for example, so-called s-process xenon.While planetesimals acquired a depleted noble gas component strongly fractionated in favor of heavy noble gases, the sun and also gas giants like Jupiter attracted a much larger amount of gas from the protosolar nebula by gravitational capture. This resulted in a cosmic or “solar type” abundance pattern, containing the full complement of light noble gases. Contrary to Jupiter or the sun, terrestrial planets accreted from planetesimals with only minor contributions from the protosolar nebula, which explains their high degree of depletion and basically “planetary” elemental abundance pattern. Indeed this depletion enables another tool to be applied in noble gas geo- and cosmochemistry: ingrowth of radiogenic nuclides. Due to heavy depletion of primordial nuclides like 36Ar and 130Xe, radiogenic ingrowth of 40Ar by 40K decay, 129Xe by 129I decay, or fission Xe from 238U or 244Pu decay are precisely measurable, and allow insight in the chronology of fractionation of lithophile parent nuclides and atmophile noble gas daughters, mainly caused by mantle degassing and formation of the atmosphere.Already the dominance of 40Ar in the terrestrial atmosphere allowed C. F v. Weizsäcker to conclude that most of the terrestrial atmosphere originated by degassing of the solid Earth, which is an ongoing process today at mid ocean ridges, where primordial helium leaves the lithosphere for the first time. Mantle degassing was much more massive in the past; in fact, most of the terrestrial atmosphere formed during the first 100 million years of Earth´s history, and was completed at about the same time when the terrestrial core formed and accretion was terminated by a giant impact that also formed our moon. However, before that time, somehow also tiny amounts of solar noble gases managed to find their way into the mantle, presumably by solar wind irradiation of small planetesimals or dust accreting to Earth. While the moon-forming impact likely dissipated the primordial atmosphere, today´s atmosphere originated by mantle degassing and a late veneer with asteroidal and possibly cometary contributions. As other atmophile elements behave similar to noble gases, they also trace the origin of major volatiles on Earth, for example, water, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon.
30
Seth, Suman. Quantum Physics. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.28.
Abstract:
This article discusses the history of quantum physics, beginning with an analysis of the process through which a community of quantum theorists and experimentalists came into being. In particular, it traces the roots and fruits of Max Planck’s papers in irreversible processes in nature. It proceeds by exploring the origin and subsequent development of Niels Bohr’s so-called ‘planetary model’ of the atom, focusing on the extension of the model by Arnold Sommerfeld and members of his school as well to Bohr’s use of his principles of correspondence and adiabatic invariance. It also considers the post-war years, as the problems of atomic spectroscopy sparked the development of new methodological approaches to quantum theory. Finally, it offers a history of the two distinct new forms of quantum mechanics put forward in the mid-1920s: Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan’s matrix mechanics, and Erwin Schrödinger’s wave mechanics.
31
Schwartz, Richard Evan. The Plaid Model. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181387.001.0001.
Abstract:
Outer billiards provides a toy model for planetary motion and exhibits intricate and mysterious behavior even for seemingly simple examples. It is a dynamical system in which a particle in the plane moves around the outside of a convex shape according to a scheme that is reminiscent of ordinary billiards. This book provides a combinatorial model for orbits of outer billiards on kites. The book relates these orbits to such topics as polytope exchange transformations, renormalization, continued fractions, corner percolation, and the Truchet tile system. The combinatorial model, called “the plaid model,” has a self-similar structure that blends geometry and elementary number theory. The results were discovered through computer experimentation and it seems that the conclusions would be extremely difficult to reach through traditional mathematics. The book includes an extensive computer program that allows readers to explore the materials interactively and each theorem is accompanied by a computer demonstration.
32
Andruchow, Marcela. El patrimonio plástico de la Facultad de Artes. Teseo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts878834498.
Abstract:
<p>En este libro se presentan los resultados de dos proyectos de investigación desarrollados por investigadores del Instituto de Historia del Arte Argentino y Americano de la Facultad de Artes, y conservadores-restauradores del Museo de Física de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (ambas unidades académicas de la UNLP). Los proyectos se orientaron a poner en valor la colección de arte de la facultad produciendo conocimientos historiográficos y propuestas de conservación para las obras.</p><p>Del total de la colección de aproximadamente 120 obras, que pertenece al Área Museo, Exposiciones y Conservación de la Facultad de Artes, en esta investigación se estudiaron las copias de yeso de esculturas provenientes de Europa y que forman conjuntos representativos del arte griego, románico, gótico y renacentista; además de las esculturas, pinturas, grabados, dibujos y mosaicos realizados y donados por docentes y graduados de la facultad.</p><p>Los resultados de la investigación que componen los contenidos del libro se distribuyen en distintos capítulos que presentan el alcance de los proyectos; el proceso de catalogación de la obra plana de la colección; el proceso de estudio y registro del estado de conservación de la obra plana; los resultados de la investigación de la colección de calcos de yeso; la indagación y diseño de las fichas de relevamiento confeccionadas <em>ad hoc</em> para utilizar en el estudio y registro del estado de conservación de las copias de yeso; el proceso de uso de esa ficha en el relevamiento y, finalmente, la propuesta y los resultados de la indagación en el diseño de estrategias físicas de protección y señalética de los calcos de yeso.</p>
33
Ankeny, Rachel A., and Heather Bray. Genetically Modified Food. Edited by Anne Barnhill, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.013.40.
Abstract:
Although humans have been manipulating plants and animals used in agriculture for thousands of years, there are differing views on whether it is morally or ethically acceptable to produce, use, or consume genetically modified (GM) organisms particularly in the context of food products. In this chapter, the development of GM foods is placed within the historical context of food manipulation and commercialization, along with a discussion of the key ethical debates associated with both GM foods and the broader food production system of which they are a part. The chapter concludes with a call for more deliberation and dialogue in the development of food policy.
34
Cambefort, Yves. How general are genera? The genus in systematic zoology. Edited by Karine Chemla, Renaud Chorlay, and David Rabouin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198777267.013.8.
Abstract:
This article examines how the genus category was perceived and conceived in zoology (with occasional references to botany), in reference to species on the one hand and to higher categories on the other hand. In systematic zoology and botany, animals and plants are classified and named according to their species, genera, and higher categories (family, order, etc.). Linguistic relationships between the words ‘genus’ and ‘general, generality’ might have played a role in some intuitive meaning of the genus. This article traces the evolution of the concept of genus as used in systematic zoology from antiquity to the present time, focusing on the contributions of Plato, Aristotle, Carl Linnaeus, Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Georges Cuvier, and Charles Darwin. It also considers the introduction of a new, rank-free system called the PhyloCode to replace Linnaean ranking—and especially the genus level.
35
Esch, Elizabeth D. Color Line and the Assembly Line. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520285378.001.0001.
Abstract:
Between World Wars 1 and 2, the Ford Motor Company globalized its sales and production and, in the process, became an exporter of American race practices and what this transnational study calls “white managerialism.” In examining three societies—Brazil, South Africa, and the United States—where Ford supported white supremacist political and social policies, this study deepens our understanding of how American firms rose to prominence globally, including in parts of the world formerly dominated by the British Empire. It argues that seemingly arbitrary and irrational racist ideologies found material backing in managerial practices and policies initiated by Ford and supported by local and national governments. Its focus on the interwar years, when Ford hired unprecedented numbers of African American workers in its Rouge plant in Dearborn, Michigan, allows for a focus on those workers who were both simultaneously central to the Ford empire and treated as second-class citizens within it.
36
Myer, Phillip, and Liesel Schneider, eds. Tiny Microbes, Big Yields: The Future of Food and Agriculture. Frontiers Media SA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88974-951-5.
Abstract:
Our world is made up of countless tiny living beings. There are so many of them, that they make up the largest number of living beings on the planet. These microscopic organisms, called microorganisms or microbes, cannot be seen with the naked eye. We encounter them daily and we interact with them through the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the natural processes within our own organ systems. Microbes have evolved with life on Earth to be important for its survival. They act as food for plants and animals, help humans and animals digest food, break down dead material, and even serve as guardians against bad microbes. Whether we realize it or not, humans rely on microbes to help make the food we eat every day, and understanding how they work helps us to improve our foods and agriculture. It is amazing to examine how well microorganisms are incorporated into the food we eat, the plants we grow, and the animals we raise. Microbes help ferment foods to make products like cheeses and breads. They work in the soil to provide nitrogen to plants which helps them grow better. Special microbes live in the stomachs of cattle and sheep that allow them to digest grasses that humans cannot eat. Additionally, the energy produced from the microbial digestion of these grasses helps produce meat and milk. However, as with everything, we must take the good with the bad. Although many microbes are helpful, some are harmful and can cause illness. These “bad bugs” must be monitored to ensure they do not enter our food supply. The challenge is to interpret the ways the microbes are positively and negatively impacting food and agriculture and to untangle their complex network to promote improved and more efficient approaches to feed the world. This collection of articles focuses on understanding more about microbial communities, biodiversity, and their relationships with food and agriculture. This includes, but is not limited to, food and animal production, animal health, food safety, crop safety and production, and agricultural sustainability through microbial-based approaches. What we can learn about these tiny living beings can help provide safe, nutritious, and sustainable food to a growing human global population.
37
Feldmann, Ulrike, Christian Raetzke, and Marc Ruttloff, eds. Atomrecht in Bewegung. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845297002.
Abstract:
This volume contains the proceedings of the 15th Regional Conference of the German Branch of the International Nuclear Law Association (INLA), which was held in Bonn in September 2017. In four chapters, German and international experts, whose contributions are predominantly in English and partly in German, explain the most recent developments in nuclear law in Germany, other countries and on an international level. The topics addressed include nuclear waste management—responsibility and liability; nuclear third-party liability, with a focus on the transportation of nuclear material; legal issues in radiation protection, mainly regarding EU Basic Safety Standards, plant decommissioning and waste disposal, and current trends in international nuclear law. This volume is an obvious choice for anyone who wants to keep abreast of important developments in nuclear law. With contributions by Markus Ludwigs, Christian Müller-Dehn, Anton Burger und Jostein Kristensen, Torsten Gierke, Achim Jansen-Tersteegen und Christian Raetzke, Meb Vadiya, Kaan Kuzeyli, Justin Franken, Goli-Schabnam Akbarian, Brigit-te Röller, Mark Callis Sanders und Charlotta E. Sanders, Sidonie Royer-Maucotel, Jay R. Kraemer, Ian Salter und Ian Truman, Łukasz Mlynarkiewicz
38
Zborowski, Paul, and Ted Edwards. Guide to Australian Moths. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094642.
Abstract:
Moths are often thought of as the ugly cousins of butterflies, yet their colours can be just as remarkable and, with over 20,000 species in Australia, their biology and lifestyles are far more diverse.
With striking colour photographs of live moths in their natural habitat, this guide illustrates all the major moth families in Australia, including some rarely seen species. It provides many curious facts about the unusual aspects of moth biology, including details on day-flying species, camouflage, moths that mimic wasps, larvae with stinging hairs, and larvae that have gills. This easy-to-read book includes sections on the iconic Witjuti grubs, Bogong moths, the giant-tailed Hercules moths of northern Queensland (one of the largest moths in the world, with a wingspan of over 25 cm), moths that release hydrocyanic acid in their defence, and moths that produce ultrasonic calls that bats learn to associate with a bad taste.
A Guide to Australian Moths highlights the environmental role of moths, their relationships with other animals and plants, and their importance to humans. It provides a unique introduction to the extraordinary diversity of moths found in Australia.
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Uzendoski, Michael A., and Edith Felicia Calapucha-Tapuy. Somatic Poetry. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036569.003.0001.
Abstract:
This chapter explores the poetic qualities and nuances of the art of ritual healing, a genre termed as “somatic poetry.” Flowing out from the emphasis of the body as a site of social and cosmological action in the Amazonian world, somatic poetry is multimodal art created by listening, feeling, smelling, seeing, and tasting of natural subjectivities, not just those emanating from human speech or from the human mind. Somatic poetry involves the creative use of words and music and also plants, animals, and the landscape—entities recognized as having subjectivity and creative powers, powers that are internal rather than external to the art. The chapter provides one example of Amazonian somatic poetry, a healing practice called kushnirina, a medicinal vapor bath designed to cleanse and provide energy for the body. It then comments on Federico Calapucha's manioc story and a shamanic song performed by Lucas Tapuy in 2007. These examples show that somatic poetry is about creating loops of intersecting relationships with different species and unseen subjectivities of the landscape and the spirit world.
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Hudson, Dale. Terrorist Vampires: Religious Heritage or Planetary Advocacy. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423083.003.0007.
Abstract:
This chapter unpacks depictions of US foreign policy in Hollywood blockbusters, franchises, and series, whose content was repurposed and production was often offshored. Vampire hunters perform the racialized warfare of the failed War on Drugs and ongoing War on Terror. Vampires advocate for planetary consciousness after neoliberalism’s ascendancy. Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992), From Dusk till Dawn (1995), and Vampires (1998) organize fears of so-called Islamic fundamentalists and Mexican border hoppers. Deterritorialized biological warfare also manifests in films that return to the historical trauma of mixed blood via stories of mixed species in franchises like Blade (1998–2004) and Underworld (2003–2016) and series like True Blood (2008–2014), The Vampire Diaries (2009–present), and The Originals (2013–present). Others examine resilience through multiple conquests, as in Cronos (1992) set in México’s federal district and released on the quincentennial of Columbus’s conquest. Meanwhile, the Twilight franchise (2008–2012) christianizes the figure of the vampire and, by extension, the concept of the US secular democracy, but also evokes indigenous rights to land. Films ask us to find a space for empathy amidst the terror of economic and military violence.
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Specht, J. Research Issues in the Circum–New Guinea Islands. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.011.
Abstract:
Writing an archaeological prehistory of the New Guinea islands in northern Near Oceania is hindered by the paucity of field research and reliance on other disciplines to fill gaps in the archaeological data. Five themes are reviewed that require attention: better chronological controls for the archaeological sites, testing of theories about Pleistocene colonization and subsequent population movements, reconstruction of paleoenvironmental conditions from first settlement onward, exploration of subsistence systems especially regarding the use and management of plant foods, and a broader view of the nature and consequences of interaction between individuals and communities. It concludes with a call for greater involvement of Pacific Islanders in the production of regional and local prehistories.
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Ruxton, Graeme D., William L. Allen, Thomas N. Sherratt, and Michael P. Speed. Secondary defences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688678.003.0006.
Abstract:
In this chapter we consider defences that are usually deployed during, or just before, contact between a prey and its predator: so-called ‘secondary’ defences. Secondary defences are found right across the tree of life and therefore come in very many forms, including: 1.) chemical defences; 2.) mechanical defences; and 3.) behavioural defences. Here we review selected examples that provide useful illustrations of the ecological and evolutionary characteristics associated with secondary defences. We discuss costs of secondary defences, placing emphasis on the consequences of such costs, especially as they relate to forms of social interaction. We show also that the acquisition of secondary defences may modify niche, life history, and habitat range of prey animals and review a well-known and significant study of predator–prey co-evolution of defensive toxins of prey and resistance to those toxins in predators. We include a small selection of examples and ideas from the plant and microbe defence literature where we think a broader perspective is helpful. We begin the chapter by considering the evolutionary mechanisms that favour secondary defence evolution.
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Lamb, Jonathan, ed. A Cultural History of the Sea in the Age of Enlightenment. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474207225.
Abstract:
This volume covers a period when Europeans were making great advances in the production and application of pure knowledge, especially in the fields of navigation and discovery. Thus European powers gained empires around the globe and the benefits that came with them, while the rest of the world had to be content with supplying the raw material (i.e labour, bullion, wood, plants, ore) of these good things. This would not have been possible without navies and trading monopolies, enterprises in which the freedom of the seas was disputed, then gained or lost. The essays in this volume range between three eras in the age of discovery: first, the excitement of seeing something for the first time; second, the experience of understanding the importance of the new thing; and third, the disillusion incident to reframing the prehistory of humanity and its destiny without the usual signposts of an anthropocentric journey from innocence to salvation via sin, atonement and judgment. The maritime contribution to all three eras was enormous not simply because it provided a mobile platform for the inspection of the new but because it proved experimentally that there were no extremes of heroic virtue or of brutal depravity to which humans might not tend when necessity or wantonness called for them. Usually the evil side of humanity was assigned to `savages’ but in the curiously singular person of the pirate, a mirror-image can be found of everyone – really, all people who lived on or by the sea were pirates of a sort. Commencing as an age of rational certainties, the Enlightenment gave way to the opposite. The symmetries of the Linnaean system yielded to the endless process of mutation Buffon called speciation. Rational government of the passions was succeeded by the cult of sensibility and spontaneous emotion. The mathematical exactness of Cartesian knowledge was supplanted by imagination. Sailors returned with pictures of mirages never seen before, the products of Nature’s own imagination that posed a question posed again here: `No doubt they are real, but are they true?’
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Barney, William L. Rebels in the Making. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076085.001.0001.
Abstract:
Rebels in the Making narrates and interprets secession in the fifteen slave states in 1860–1861. It is a political history informed by the socioeconomic structures of the South and the varying forms they took across the region. It explains how a small minority of Southern radicals exploited the hopes and fears of Southern whites over slavery after Lincoln’s election in November of 1860 to create and lead a revolutionary movement with broad support, especially in the Lower South. It reveals a divided South in which the commitment to secession was tied directly to the extent of slave ownership and the political influence of local planters. White fears over the future of slavery were at the center of the crisis, and the refusal of Republicans to sanction the expansion of slavery doomed efforts to reach a sectional compromise. In January 1861, six states in the Lower South joined South Carolina in leaving the Union, and delegates from the seceded states organized a Confederate government in February. Lincoln’s call for troops to uphold the Union after the Confederacy fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861 finally pushed the reluctant states of the Upper South to secede in defense of slavery and white supremacy.
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Carriere Jr., Marius M. The Know Nothings in Louisiana. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496816849.001.0001.
Abstract:
This book examines the Know Nothing party in Louisiana. In the early 1850s, the Whig party disintegrated. Several third party movements appeared in the country. Know Nothings seemed to have a strong chance of replacing the Whig party and by 1854 the Know Nothings appeared throughout the United States. This book examines Louisiana because one feature of the Know Nothings, or American party as it was sometimes called, was its anti-foreign and anti-Catholic prejudice. Louisiana, particularly, South Louisiana had a large Roman Catholic population. The book seeks to address whether this feature hurt the party. The book also examines how northern Know Nothings, many of whom were anti-slavery, affected the party’s success in the South. Additionally, early studies of the Know Nothing party in Louisiana argue the party was made up of old Whigs and that traditionally, the party was seen as consisting of older, large slaveholding planters or town businessmen and lawyers connected to the slave-holding interests. This book concludes that Know Nothingism was unique in Louisiana; who actually were Know Nothings does not meet the traditional historical view for the state and the book concludes that the anti-Roman Catholic feature did not preclude South Louisiana slave-holding Catholics from belonging to the party. Louisiana Know Nothings did have difficulty because of the anti-Catholic feature, but it did not prevent Catholics from belonging. Northern Know Nothings’ abolitionism did cause problems for Louisiana Know Nothings, but the election outcomes in the 1850s demonstrated that Union and conservatism was strong in the state.
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Stephenson, Steven. Secretive Slime Moulds. CSIRO Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486314140.
Abstract:
Neither plants, nor animals, nor fungi, the myxomycetes are a surprisingly diverse and fascinating group of organisms. They spend the majority of their life out of sight as single-celled amoeboid individuals in leaf litter, soil or decaying wood, foraging for bacteria and other simple life forms. However, when conditions are right, two individual cells come together to give rise to a much larger, creeping structure called a plasmodium, which produces the even more complex and often beautiful fruiting bodies. Indeed, the fruiting bodies of myxomycetes are often miniature works of art!
Their small size (usually only a few millimetres tall) and fleeting fruiting phase mean that these organisms, although ubiquitous and sometimes abundant, are overlooked by most people. However, recent research by a few dedicated individuals has shown that Australia has a very diverse myxomycete biota with more than 330 species, the largest number known for any region of the Southern Hemisphere.
This comprehensive monograph provides keys, descriptions and information on the known distribution for all of these species in addition to containing introductory material relating to their biology and ecology. Many species are illustrated, showing the diversity of their fruiting bodies, and greatly facilitating their identification.
This book will give naturalists a new insight into an often overlooked group of organisms in addition to providing an incentive to search for the many species which have undoubtedly thus far escaped notice.
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Dalle Vacche, Angela. André Bazin's Film Theory. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067298.001.0001.
Abstract:
The best way to understand Bazin’s film theory is to pay attention to art, science, and religion, since spectatorship depends on perception, cognition, and hallucination. By arguing that this dissident Catholic’s worldview is anti-anthropocentric, Angela Dalle Vacche concludes that cinema recapitulates the history of evolution and technology inside our consciousness, so that we may better understand how we overlap with, but also differ from, animals, plants, objects, and machines. Whereas in “Art,” the author explains the difference between painting as a static object and the moving image as an event unfolding in time, in “Science,” she discusses Bazin’s dislike of classical geometry and Platonic algebra, his fascination with biology and modern calculus to underline his holistic Darwinism, and his anti-Euclidean mathematics of motion and contingency. Comparable to a religious practice, Bazin’s cinema is the only collective ritual of the twentieth century capable of fostering an emotional community by calling on critical self-interrogation and ethical awareness. Especially keen on Italian neorealism, Bazin argues that this sensibility thrives on beings and things displacing themselves in such a way as to turn the Other into a Neighbor. Bazin’s film theory acknowledges the equalizing impact of the camera lens, which is analogous to, but also different from, the human eye. In the cinema, two different kinds of eyes coexist: one is mechanical and objective, the other is human and subjective. By refusing to reshape the world according to an a priori thesis, Bazin’s idea of an anti-anthropocentric cinema seeks surprise, dialogue, risk, and experiment.
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Botsford, Louis W., J. Wilson White, and Alan Hastings. Population Dynamics for Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758365.001.0001.
Abstract:
This book is a quantitative exposition of our current understanding of the dynamics of plant and animal populations, with the goal that readers will be able to understand, and participate in the management of populations in the wild. The book uses mathematical models to establish the basic principles of population behaviour. It begins with a philosophical approach to mathematical models of populations. It then progresses from a description of models with a single variable, abundance, to models that describe changes in the abundance of individuals at each age, then similar models that describe populations in terms of the abundance over size, life stage, and space. The book assumes a knowledge of basic calculus, but explains more advanced mathematical concepts such as partial derivatives, matrices, and random signals, as it makes use of them. The book explains the basis of the principles underlying important population processes, such as the mechanism that allow populations to persist, rather than go extinct, the way in which populations respond to variable environments, and the origin of population cycles.The next two chapters focus on application of the principles of population dynamics to manage for the prevention of extinction, as well as the management of fisheries for sustainable, high yields. The final chapter recapitulates how different population behaviors arise in situations with different levels of density dependence and replacement (the potential lifetime reproduction per individual), and how variability arises at different time scales set by a species’ life history.
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Reber, Arthur S. The First Minds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190854157.001.0001.
Abstract:
The book presents a novel theory of the origins of mind and consciousness dubbed the Cellular Basis of Consciousness (CBC). It argues that sentience emerged with life itself. The most primitive unicellular species of bacteria are conscious, though it is a sentience of a primitive kind. They have minds, though they are tiny and limited in scope. There is nothing even close to this thesis in the current literature on consciousness. Hints that cells might be conscious can be found in the writings of a few cell biologists, but a fully developed theory has never been put forward before. Other approaches to the origins of consciousness are examined and shown to be seriously or fatally flawed, specifically ones based on: (a) the assumption that minds are computational and can be captured by an artificial intelligence (AI), (b) efforts to discover the neurocorrelates of mental experiences, the so-called Hard Problem, and (c) looking for consciousness in less complex species by identifying those that possess precursors of those neurocorrelates. Each of these approaches is shown to be either essentially impossible (the AI models) or so burdened by philosophical and empirical difficulties that they are effectively unworkable. The CBC approach is developed using standard models of evolutionary biology. The remarkable repertoire of single-celled species that micro- and cell-biologists have discovered is reviewed. Bacteria, for example, have sophisticated sensory and perceptual systems, learn, form memories, make decisions based on information about their environment relative to internal metabolic states, communicate with one another, and even show a primitive form of altruism. All such functions are indicators of sentience. Conversations with a caterpillar function as a literary vehicle Finally, the implications of the CBC model are discussed along with a number of related issues in evolutionary biology, philosophy of mind, the possibility of sentient plants, the ethical repercussions of universal animal sentience, and the long-range impact of adopting the CBC stance.
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Hegetschweiler, Tessa, Boris Salak, Anne C. Wunderlich, Nicole Bauer, and Marcel Hunziker. Das Verhältnis der Schweizer Bevölkerung zum Wald. Waldmonitoring soziokulturell WaMos3. Ergebnisse der nationalen Umfrage. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55419/wsl:29973.
Abstract:
The relationship of the Swiss population to the forest has been investigated in surveys since 1978, and in 1997 for the first time as part of the so-called “Sociocultural forest monitoring” or “Waldmonitoring soziokulturell” WaMos. This report describes the results of the national Wa- Mos3 survey 2020. The online panel of the market research institute LINK was used for the sur- vey. In addition to the representative survey of the adult population, a sample of 156 adolescents was also interviewed. The self-assessed level of information on forest topics has declined since WaMos2 (2010), with older people feeling better informed than younger people. The level of knowledge regarding the increase in forest area in Switzerland and the management of mountain forests for protection against natural hazards is also lower among younger people than among older ones. Today, the population attributes greater importance to most forest functions for society than in WaMos2. In particular, the ecological function, the production function and the recreational function have gained importance. More people than in WaMos2 (2010) assume that forest health has deteriorated. Changes due to climate change, such as drought damage, are perceived by the population. The majority of the population is in favour of active forest management for climate adaptation. With regard to the ecological function of the forest, most people know that biodiversity has decreased. Accor- dingly, the acceptance of forest reserves is high, as is that of large carnivores. Climate change, the expansion of settlements, introduced animal and plant species and pests are seen as the greatest threats to the forest. Great importance is attached to the protective function of the forest. Nevertheless, knowledge about the interrelation between the management and the pro- tective function of mountain forests is declining. In principle, the population is satisfied with the management of the most frequently visited forest. The felling of trees and closing of roads for logging are well accepted by the population. Leaving branches lying on the ground after logging is controversial, and is either well accepted or not accepted at all. Sustainability criteria have gained in importance when purchasing timber products. In terms of forest preferences, the population likes mixed forests best. The presence of a shrub layer is better liked than in WaMos2 (2010) and the liking of deadwood is also increasing at a low level. However, recreational infrastructure is valued less and less. For the first time, forest photos were also presented to the respondents for assessment. It turns out that already existing forest preferences, motives for visiting the forest, the importance of the forest in childhood and the language region have an influence on visual attractiveness of forest. Forest characteristics such as visibility range, shrub layer cover and cover of berry bushes, stage of stand development, stand structure and the presence of deadwood also have an influence. In order to get a picture of which forests people visit, they were asked to mark the forest they visit most often on a map using PPGIS. Local recreation dominates; the densest cloud of points is found where Switzerland is most densely populated. As always, most people go to the forest frequently. The most frequently cited motives for visiting the forest are “experiencing nature”, “enjoying fresh air” and “escaping from everyday life”. Adolescents go to the forest less often. Their activities in the forest are dominated by barbecues/bonfires/parties, jogging and sports in general. Satisfaction with forest visits has decreased at a high level compared to 2010. Forest attractiveness is rated lower, the visit to the forest is perceived as less restorative and the per- ceived disturbances are increasing. In sum, the Swiss population highly values the forest, as a recreational area, but also in particu- lar as a habitat for plants and animals. Ecological awareness seems to have risen again in the last 10 years, and with it concerns about the state of the forest and biodiversity. On the other hand, satisfaction with forest recreation – at a high level – has somewhat declined.