Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plant Systematics and Taxonomy'
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Lee, Chung-Kun. "Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Commelinaceae (Commelinales)." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263508.
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Franck, Alan R. "Systematics of Harrisia (Cactaceae)." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4044.
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The genus Harrisia Britton (Cactaceae) comprises species of columnar cacti that are united by a unique seed morphology. The species range in form from prostrate shrubs to large trees and are native to South America and the Caribbean region. Harrisia is placed in an unresolved position within subtribe Trichocereinae of tribe Cereeae of subfamily Cactoideae. Relationships among the species within Harrisia are also poorly understood. In this study, several species of Harrisia were sequenced for as many as seven different regions of nuclear and plastid DNA. Species in the Caribbean were also examined with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. The morphology of Harrisia was characterized from herbarium specimens, live plants, and original descriptions. A biogeographic scenario was extrapolated from the molecular and morphological data. The flower morphology suggests a relationship between Harrisia and some species of Echinopsis s. l. However, DNA sequence analyses in this study do not clearly resolve generic relationships with Harrisia. Molecular and morphological data support recognition of two subgenera, four sections, and two series within Harrisia. It is proposed that Harrisia originated in the west-central Andes, ~3.5-6.5 Ma ago. Subgenus Eriocereus is composed of the species in the east Andes of Bolivia and the nearby species radiation in the Gran Chaco. Subgenus Harrisia originated by an early dispersal event into Brazil with subsequent dispersal into the Caribbean. In the last 500 Ka, Harrisia, colonized west Cuba and further diversified into other areas of the Caribbean. Harrisia is revised to contain 18 species.
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Eggens, Frida. "Systematics in Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) : taxonomy and phylogenetic patterns /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7380.
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Lewin, Marcus. "Taxonomic revision of the genus Chamaecrista (Fabaceae) in Ecuador." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242636.
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A revision of the genus Chamaecrista (Leguminosae) in Ecuador is presented. The work is based on morphometric studies of herbarium material and information from the literature and the Internet. The purpose of the study was to get a better knowledge of the distribution, taxonomic status and conservation of Chamaecrista in Ecuador. The study recognizes in all six species and several varieties, viz. Ch. nictitans with var. jaliscensis, var. disandea, var. pilosa, var. paraguariensis and var. glabrata, Ch. glandulosa with var. flavicoma and var. andicola, Ch. absus and Ch. rotundifolia. Keys, descriptions and illustrations are provided for all taxa.
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Hastings, Jennifer Lynn. "Systematic and Ecological Studies of the Viola subsinuata Species Complex." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou153185551690636.
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Verboom, George Anthony. "An investigation of character variation in Chaetobromus Nees (Danthonieae: Poaceae) in relation to taxonomic and ecological pattern." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18333.
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Character variation in Chaetobromus, a genus of palatable grasses endemic to the arid western areas of southern Africa, was used to derive a classification reflecting taxonomic and ecological pattern. The present study differs from earlier biosystematic investigations by its much more intensive approach to sampling, with 75 anatomical, morphological and cytological characters and 169 individual samples being used. The use of larger population samples permitted quantification of variation within populations, in addition to that among populations and groups. Phenetic methods revealed the existence of three groups, approximating three formerly described taxa and reflecting divergent ecological strategies in Chaetobromus. A lack of diagnostic field characters argues against their recognition at species level, and Chaetobromus Nees is here described as monotypic, the type species, C. involucratus (Schrad.) Nees, comprising three subspecies C. involucratus subsp. involucratus, C. involucratus subsp. villosus Verboom and C. involucratus subsp. dregeanus (Nees) Verboom. There is overlap among subspecies in most characters although many showed significant mean differences. Within subspecies, character variation appears to be homogeneously distributed with respect to population boundaries suggesting that these are likely to have little impact on sampling. An investigation testing the effect of sample strategy on variation capture and taxonomic group detection suggests that a sample of 10-15 specimens is likely to account for most variation present. Phylogenetically, Chaetobromus is included in the tribe Danthonieae, and, on morphological evidence, is probably basal to a clade containing Pentaschistis, Pentameris and Pseudopentameris. The genus appears to occupy a niche unique among the African danthonioids, favouring lime-rich, basic soils and a strongly-seasonal winter-rainfall regime with arid summers. Ecological differences among the subspecies are reflected in differences in growth form and vegetative and reproductive phenologies. The niche requirements of Chaetobromus may be adequately specific to explain the patchy distribution of the genus. Bibliography: pages 119-131.
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Morawetz, Jeffery James. "Systematics of Alectra (Orobanchaceae) and phylogenetic relationships among the tropical clade of Orobanchaceae." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195069917.
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Cardinal-McTeague, Warren Martin. "The Systematics and Evolution of Euphorbiaceae Tribe Plukenetieae." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38206.
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The aim of this dissertation is to study the systematics and evolution of Euphorbiaceae vines (tribe Plukenetieae), a diverse pantropical lineage (~365 species and 18 genera) composed of three morphologically distinct subtribes, Dalechampiinae, Plukenetiinae, and Tragiinae. Through the course of my research I largely resolved the evolutionary history of Plukenetieae and made broader contributions to the study of pollen and seed evolution, pantropical biogeography, and plant diversification. In chapter two I developed the first well-sampled molecular phylogeny for Plukenetieae (154 terminals, ~93 species, 2,207 character dataset composed of ITS and psbA-trnH with indel gap-scored data), and determined baseline species group relationships of the tribe. Molecular phylogeny largely agreed with pollen morphology hypotheses and confirmed that the large genus Tragia was para- and/or polyphyletic and should be split into smaller genera. Analysis of pollen morphology revealed a trend towards aperture reduction and loss in Tragiinae, with four origins of weakly defined apertures and up to three origins of inaperturate pollen. In chapter three, I studied the seed size evolution of Plukenetia, a pantropical genus with large edible oil-rich seeds, by developing a near-exhaustive phylogeny (83 terminals, 20 of ~24 species, 5,069 bp dataset of ETS, ITS, KEA1 introns 11 and 17, TEB exon 17, matK, ndhF) and conducting ancestral state estimation and phylogenetic regression. Seed size evolution in Plukenetia was dynamic and associated with competing selective pressures of plant size, fruit type (and inferred dispersal syndrome), and seedling ecology. In chapter four I presented a revised sectional classification of Plukenetia based on phylogeny and morphological evidence, including three new taxa from South America. Chapters three and five included biogeographical investigations on Plukenetia and Plukenetieae. Analyses revealed that pantropical disjunct distributions arose one to three times in each subtribe via periodic long-distance dispersals from the Oligocene to the Pliocene, most often from South America to Africa and then Southeast Asia. Lastly, in chapter five, I developed an improved phylogeny for Plukenetieae (289 terminals, ~109 species, 5,160 bp dataset of ETS, ITS, KEA1 intron 11, TEB exon 17, matK, ndhF) to study the influence of innovative traits (twining growth form, stinging hair defences, and pseudanthial inflorescences) on diversification in the tribe. However, increased diversification was not associated with innovative traits. Instead, diversification was associated with clades that shifted into drier open habitats, aided by habitat expansion following the Late Miocene cooling period.
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Bucheli, Sibyl Rae. "Systematics of the megadiverse superfamily gelechioidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera)." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124119415.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 389 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 332-345). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Flynn, Thomas Alexander. "Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation in Alyssum L." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fec1aee2-897b-4da0-b756-86385a802077.
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Phylogenetic studies are providing powerful new insights into the evolution of complex traits. Metal hyperaccumulation is an unusual and complex physiological trait found in about 500 plant species and is associated with an exceptionally high degree of tolerance of metalliferous soils. Alyssum L. (Brassicaceae) is the largest known hyperaccumulator genus, comprising approximately 188 species distributed throughout the Mediterranean region and south-west Asia. Approximately one-quarter of these are largely restricted to areas of serpentine soils and have the ability to accumulate nickel to high concentrations in shoot tissue. This genus provides a good example in which to study the origins of a complex physiological trait, but its phylogeny is currently poorly understood. To produce a well-resolved phylogenetic tree to investigate the number and timing of origins of nickel hyperaccumulation within Alyssum, DNA sequences were generated for four chloroplast regions (matK, rps16–trnK, trnD–T and trnL–F) from 170 of 255 species in the tribe Alysseae. Additional sequencing was carried out for the chloroplast genes ndhF and rbcL and the nuclear gene PHYA. A Bayesian analysis employing a relaxed uncorrelated lognormal molecular clock and multiple fossil-age calibration points was carried out to reconstruct a time-calibrated phylogeny of this tribe using appropriate outgroups. Optimization of the nickel hyperaccumulation trait onto the resulting phylogenetic tree suggests that nickel hyperaccumulation arose twice in the Alysseae in the late Miocene/early Pliocene: 3.3–8.3 Mya in Alyssum and 6.3–8.8 Mya in Bornmuellera. The single origin in Alyssum is strongly associated with a significant acceleration in net species diversification rate, suggesting the ability to hyperaccumulate nickel could have provided a key evolutionary innovation facilitating rapid range expansion and subsequent species diversification. The scattered distribution of nickel hyperaccumulators across small island-like patches of serpentine soil suggests that allopatric speciation may have driven rapid diversification in this clade.
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Silveira, Daniela Sampaio. "Revisão taxonomica das especies neotropicais extra-amazonicas de Sloanea L. (Elaeocarpaceae) na America do Sul." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315603.
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Orientador: Vinicius Castro SouzaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Elaeocarpaceae inclui 15 gêneros, com aproximadamente 500 espécies distribuídas em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do globo, em com exceção dos continentes africano e europeu. O gênero Sloanea reúne 120 táxons, dos quais cerca de 40 ocorrem no Brasil em diversos tipos de vegetação, principalmente na Floresta Amazônica e na Floresta Atlântica. O presente trabalho refere-se à revisão taxonômica das espécies neotropicais extra-amazônicas de Sloanea. A realização deste estudo constou de levantamento bibliográfico, consulta aos acervos dos principais herbários nacionais e estrangeiros, e expedições de coleta em áreas de ocorrência natural dos táxons do gênero. De um modo geral, com base na morfologia externa, a caracterização de Sloanea compreende árvores de grande porte dotadas de sapopemas, folhas simples, flores com sépalas que podem ou não cobrir órgãos reprodutivos na fase pré-antese, estames com prolongamento do conectivo conspícuo, que pode ser agudo, acuminado ou filiforme, frutos cobertos por cerdas rígidas ou flexíveis, algumas vezes inermes. Na revisão foram definidas 19 lectotipificações aqui desginadas, quatro novas sinonimizações, um nome duvidoso e a constatação de cinco nomes ilegítimos e seis nomes nus. Foram identificadas 17 espécies na área de estudo, sendo seis desconhecidas para a ciência: S. fasciculate, S. filiforms, S. hatschbachii, S. petala, S. subssesilis, S. uniflora.
Abstract: Elaeocarpaceae includes 15 genera, witch approximately 500 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, except for African and European continents. Sloanea comprises 120 taxa, of witch about 40 occur in Brazil in several vegetation types, but mainly in the Amazon Forest and in the Atlantic Forest. This thesis revises the taxonomy of the neotropical species of extra-amazon Sloanea genus. This study consisted of literature review, consultation with the collections of major Brazilian and foreign herbaria, and collection expeditions in areas of natural occurrence of taxa of the genus. In general, based on external morphology, the characterization of Sloanea comprises large trees endowed with buttressed roots, simple leaves, flowers witch sepals that may cover or not the reproductive organs in pre-anthesis phasis, stamens with the connective continued into a small knob, acuminate, acute or filiform awn, fruit covered with rigid or flexible bristles, sometimes unarmed. In this thesis 19 lectotypes her designated were defined, and four new synonyms, one doubtful name, five illegitimate names and six nude names were found. From the 17 species that were identified in the studied area, six of them were unknown to science: S. fasciculate, S. filiforms, S. hatschbachii, S. petala, S. subssesilis, S. uniflora.
Universidade Estadual de Campi
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal
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Folk, Ryan Andrew. "Biosystematics of the Genus Heuchera (Saxifragaceae)." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437151510.
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Svoboda, Harlan T. "A Systematic Revision of Passiflora Section Dysosmia (Passifloraceae)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1532018615453033.
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Nunes, De Matos Farminhão João. "Advances in angraecoid orchid systematics in Tropical Africa and Madagascar: new taxa and hypotheses for their diversification." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/321768.
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Les angrecoïdes constituent le groupe d'orchidées épiphytes le plus diversifié dans les Afrotropiques, comprenant environ 800 espèces. Bien que beaucoup d'attention leur aient été porté, certaines énigmes taxonomiques subsistent au sein des angraecoïdes, et les facteurs à l'origine de leur diversification rapide sont encore inconnus. Les angraecoïdes présentent une remarquable diversité en termes du nombre chromosomique, en faisant un système très approprié pour explorer l'impact des changements caryotypiques sur la cladogenèse, les taux de spéciation/extinction et la diversification morphologique dans le contexte des fluctuations climatiques en Afrique tropicale depuis le Miocène. En outre, grâce au large éventail des longueurs d'éperon nectarifère que ces orchidées présentent, elles ont fait l'objet, depuis Darwin, de recherches approfondies dans le cadre des interactions plantes-animaux. Ici, sur base de nouveaux arbres phylogénétiques produits en utilisant ITS-1 ainsi que cinq marqueurs plastidiques et englobant environ 40 % des espèces, nous fournissons un nouveau cadre taxonomique pour les principales lignées d'Angraecinae. De plus, le cadre taxonomique des angraecoïdes est mis à jour avec, notamment, la description de trois nouveaux genres et six nouvelles espèces. Cette nouvelle hypothèse phylogénétique nous a permis d'étudier si les changements des caryotypes et des pollinisateurs ont pu être les moteurs de la radiation évolutive des angraecoïdes. La reconstruction des états ancestraux du nombre chromosomique révèle une histoire caryotypique dominée par la dysploïdie descendante en Afrique tropicale continentale, où environ 90 % des espèces dérivent d'au moins un changement inféré de n = 17–18 à n = 25 au Miocène moyen. L’examen des intervalles de position du nectar par rapport au pollen dans les Afrotropiques a révélé qu'environ 3 % de la flore des angiospermes de Madagascar est probablement pollinisée par des sphinx, alors que cette proportion est d'environ 1,6 % en Afrique continentale. Les nombreux changements de guilde de pollinisateur vers la sphingophilie ayant eu lieu chez les angraecoïdes seraient à l’origine d’environ 31 % des espèces, y compris certaines lignées ayant les taux de spéciation les plus élevés. En dehors du domaine de la sphingophilie, de nouveaux exemples possibles d’ornithophilie, de phalénophilie et de pollinisation par des tipules à long proboscis/microlepidoptères sont discutées. Des perspectives de recherche concernant l'évolution génomique chez les angraecoïdes et l'impact et les mécanismes des changements des sites de fixation des pollinies sont suggérées. Enfin, certaines priorités pour l’observation de nouveaux pollinisateurs sur le terrain et les frontières de l’alpha et bêta-taxonomie chez les angraecoïdes sont présentées.Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Randle, Christopher P. "The evolution and expression of rbcL in holoparasitic sister genera, harveya hook. and hyobanche l. (orobanchaceae) and systematics and taxonomic revision of southern African species of harveya." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1085582568.
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Léveillé-Bourret, Étienne. "Evolution and Classification of the Cariceae-Dulichieae-Scirpeae Clade (Cyperaceae)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37595.
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For over a century, the origins and mechanisms underlying the diversification of the enormous cosmopolitan genus Carex (>2,100 species; Cariceae, Cyperaceae or sedge family) have remained largely speculative. Although its unique morphology (e.g., unisexual flowers, perigynia) clearly indicated it was a natural group, it obscured its relationships to all other Cyperaceae because the morphological gap between it and the rest of the family was so wide. Consequently, no plausible sister group to Carex has ever been proposed. Early molecular analyses narrowed the problem by placing Carex within a strongly-supported clade with the enigmatic monospecific genus Khaosokia, and tribes Dulichieae and Scirpeae (hereafter CDS), a group consisting of 2,250 species, or approximately 41% of all Cyperaceae. However, poor taxonomic sampling and the limited number of molecular markers used in these studies meant that the sister group to Carex remained a mystery. The goals of this thesis were to resolve evolutionary relationships within the CDS clade, to identify the sister group to Carex, and to develop a new natural tribal classification of CDS that could be used in future biogeographic and comparative analyses of Carex and its relatives.
Initial phylogenetic analyses using two plastid markers (matK, ndhF) identified seven major CDS lineages, and suggested that Carex could be nested within a paraphyletic Scirpeae. However, backbone support for these relationships was low due to an ancient rapid radiation (~10 million years) followed by long divergence of the seven major lineages (~40 million years). The addition of conventional sequence-based markers from the plastid genome (rps16) and nuclear ribosomal region (ETS-1f, ITS) indicated that a traditional molecular approach would not resolve these key backbone nodes. Consequently, a recently developed flowering-plant-specific anchored enrichment probe kit targeting hundreds of conserved nuclear genes combined with next generation sequencing was used to resolve the CDS backbone.
Although the resulting phylogenomic dataset was able to resolve the CDS backbone with high support, the topology and branch lengths only reaffirmed the isolated position of Carex. However, comparative morphological analyses of specimens at key herbaria not only suggested that Sumatroscirpus, a rare genus thought to be endemic to Sumatra, could be sister to Carex, but they also provided an easily accessible site to collect DNA in Northern Vietnam. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses of plastid (matK, ndhF, rps16) and nuclear ribosomal (ETS-1f, ITS) markers strongly supported Sumatroscirpus as the sister to Carex, and molecular dating estimates suggested they shared a common ancestor in the late Eocene (~36 million years ago). Comparative studies and ancestral state estimates of key morphological characters were congruent with this hypothesis, suggesting that the perigynium is not unique to Carex, but in fact a synapomorphy shared with Sumatroscirpus. This means that the initial key innovation in the remarkable diversification of Carex is not the perigynium, but could be the release of mechanical constraints that permitted the evolution of the remarkable morphological diversity of Carex perigynia seen today.
A taxonomic revision of Sumatroscirpus revealed that this purportedly monospecific genus actually consisted of four species, and it extended its range over 2,400 km to the north into Northern Vietnam, Myanmar, and Southwestern China. The phylogenetic framework provided by the previous studies enabled a new tribal and generic classification of CDS to be proposed. Seven monophyletic tribes are recognised including four new tribes (Calliscirpeae, Khaosokieae, Sumatroscirpeae, Trichophoreae), and a new genus (Rhodoscirpus). Morphological synapomorphies are identified for all recognized tribes, and a worldwide treatment, including identification keys, is provided for Sumatroscirpus species, CDS genera, and Cyperaceae tribes.
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Sitepu, Bina Swasta. "An Integrative Taxonomic Study of Ramps (Allium tricoccum Aiton) Complex." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1534064390052709.
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Sarkinen, Tiina E. "Historical assembly of seasonally dry tropical forest diversity in the tropical Andes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:426466e7-6e9b-4a89-9d54-5962eb370fd2.
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The relative contributions of biome history and geological setting to historical assembly of species richness in biodiversity hotspots remain poorly understood. The tropical Andes is one of the world’s top biodiversity hotspots, and with its diverse biomes and the relatively recent but dramatic uplift, the Andes provides an ideal study system to address these questions. To gain insights into the historical species assembly of the tropical Andes, this study focuses on investigating patterns of plant species diversification in the Andean seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) biome. Three plant genera are used as study groups: Amicia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), Tecoma (Bignoniaceae), and Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). Species limits are re-evaluated to enable dense sampling of species and intraspecific diversity for phylogeny reconstruction for each group. Time-calibrated phylogenies for Amicia and Mimosa are presented and used to determine patterns of species diversification in time and space. For Tecoma, incongruence between nuclear and chloroplast gene trees precludes straightforward estimation of a species tree and this incongruence is attributed to possible reticulation caused by hybridization. Divergence time estimates and patterns of diversification for Amicia and Mimosa are compared with other Andean SDTF groups (Cyathostegia, Coursetia, Poissonia; Leguminosae) using isolation by distance and phylogenetic geographic structure analyses. Consistently deep divergences between sister species and high geographic structure across all five groups suggest that Andean SDTF lineages have persisted over the past 10 million years (My) with high endemism driven by dispersal limitation, caused by geographic isolation, following the most recent episode of rapid mountain uplift 5-10 My ago. This prolonged stasis of the Andean SDTF biome is in line with Miocene fossil and paleoclimate evidence. Finally, wider analyses of the contrasting evolutionary timescales of older SDTF and more recent high-altitude grassland diversity suggest that the exceptional plant species diversity in the Andes is the outcome of highly heterogeneous evolutionary histories reflecting the physiographical heterogeneity of the Andean biodiversity hotspot.
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Milton, Joseph J. "Phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic studies of Senecioninae : southern African Senecio section Senecio." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/701.
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Hadiah, Julisasi Tri Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Systematics of Elatostema (Urticaceae)." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39207.
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Elatostema J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (Urticaceae) is a taxonomically problematic genus of approximately 300 species that is widespread throughout the tropical, subtropical and sub-temperate regions of Africa through to SE Asia, Australasia to Polynesia. Morphological and molecular analyses were conducted to evaluate the infra-familial classification of the Urticaceae, to test the monophyly of Tribe Elatostemeae, to define generic limits of Elatostema and assess its relationship within the tribe, and to examine the current infrageneric grouping within Elatostema. Phylogenetic analyses based on choloroplast DNA sequences of rbcL and trnL-F do not provide support for the monophyly of Urticaceae, because of the position of Poikilospermum (currently Cecropiaceae) within the tribe Urticeae. Although the status of Cecropiaceae is equivocal, there is support for the inclusion of this family in the Urticaceae, with Cecropia and Coussapoa (Cecropiaceae) having close affinities to the Boehmerieae and Parietarieae. The phylogenetic position of Myriocarpa is unresolved, but is excluded from the Boehmerieae, as currently classified. The Elatostemeae is paraphyletic with Pilea placed sister to the Urticeae. Evaluation of the infrageneric classification of Elatostema, based on phylogenetic analyses of both morphological and molecular data (trn and ITS) does not support the current subgeneric classification as proposed by Schr??ter and Winkler (1935, 1936). The analyses support two main infrageneric grouping: (1) a group consisting of Elatostema subg. Pellionia and Procris, and (2) a group consisting of the remaining members of Elatostema (including E. griffithianum ??? subg. Pellionia). The molecular data are regarded as a more accurate estimate of the phylogeny than provided by morphology, with molecular data having a higher Rescaled Consistency Index on the most parsimonious trees, together with a much greater level of resolution and support than that of the morphological analyses.
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Kim, Bongcheol. "Polyphasic taxonomy of thermophilic actinomycetes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1757.
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Molecular systematic methods were applied in a series of studies designed to resolve the taxonomic relationships of thermophilic actinomycetes known to be difficult to classify using standard taxonomic procedures. The test strains included representatives of clusters defined in an extensiven umerical phenetic survey of thermophilic streptomycetesa nd twelve marker strains. The resultant genotypic data together with the results of corresponding phenotypic studies were used to highlight novel taxa and to improve the circumscription of validly described species. The most comprehensive study was undertaken to clarify relationships within and between representative alkalitolerant, thermophilic and neutrophilic, thermophilic streptomycetes isolated from soil and appropriate marker strains. The resultant data, notably those from DNA: DNA relatedness studies, supported the taxonomic integrity of the validly described species Streptomyces thermodiastaticus, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus and Streptomyces thermovulgaris. However, the genotypic and phenotypic data clearly show that Streptomyces thermonitrificans Desai and Dhala 1967 and Streptomyces thermovulgaris (Henssen 1957) Goodfellow et al. 1987 represent a single species. On the basis of the priority, Streptomyces thermonitrificans is a later subjective synonym of Streptomyces thermovulgaris. Similarly, eight out of eleven representative alkalitolerant, thermophilic isolates and three out of sixteen representative neutrophilic, thermophilic isolates had a combination of properties consistent with their classification as Streptomyces thermovulgaris. One of the remaining alkalitolerant, thermophilic isolate, Streptomyces strain TA56, merited species status. The name Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed for this strain. A neutrophilic, thermophilic isolate, Streptomyces strain NAR85, was identified as Streptomyces thermodiastaticus. Four other neutrophilic thermophilic isolates assigned to a numerical phenetic cluster and a thermophilic isolates from poultry faeces were also considered to warrant species status; the names Streptomyces eurythermophilus sp. nov. and Streptomyces thermocoprophilus sp. nov. are proposed to accommodate these strains. It was also concluded that additional comparative taxonomic studies are required to clarify the relationships between additional thermophilic streptomycete strains included in the present investigation. A corresponding polyphasic approach was used to clarify the taxonomy of six thermophilic isolates provisionally assigned to either the genera Amycolatopsis or Excellospora. Two of the isolates, strain NT202 and NT303, had properties consistent with their classification in the genus Amycolatopsis. However, the genotypic and phenotypic data also showed that these strains formed a new centre of taxonomic variation for which the name Amycolatopsis eurythermus sp. nov. is proposed. Similarly, the four remaining strains formed two new centre of taxonomic variation within the genus Excellospora. It is proposed that isolates TA113 and TA114 be designated Excellospora alcalithermophilus sp. nov. Similarly, the name Excellospora thermoalcalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed for strains TA86 and TA111. An emended description is also given for the genus Excellospora.
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Marley, Nigel. "Taxonomy, systematics and ecology of the phylum Tardigrada." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3109.
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I conducted a series of research programmes on various aspects of Tardigrada biology. The published results of which are hereby presented as part fulfilment of my submission for a PhD by publications at Plymouth University. In this thesis my research publications are grouped into four chapters: Ecology & Faunistics, Alpha Taxonomy, Freshwater Fauna – a taxonomic challenge, and Superfamilies. In the first, I highlight my early papers which dealt with the faunistic surveys as I trained in systematics and taxonomy of the phylum. Amongst the key findings reported were the protozoan symphoriant, Pyxidium tardigradum van der Land, 1966, Marley and Wright (1994); a new addition to the reported fauna of the United Kingdom, Greaves & Marley(1996); and my first work on international samples from Arctic Canada, Sutcliffe et al.(2000). In the second chapter, Alpha Taxonomy, I have included five papers. The first, Marley and Wright (1996), illustrates my work with one of the Royal Museums of Scotland’s collections, where I updated the diagnoses of their specimens and described a new addition to the Icelandic fauna. The second paper, Russell, Marley & Hockings (2001), demonstrates how I was searching for new research methods to apply to tardigrades. It was because of similar exploration, with methods of SEM preparation, that I was invited to join the Australian-Anglo team working on sediment core samples from Antarctic freshwater lakes, Gibson et al. 2009. The remaining two papers in the chapter describe species new to science, Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis Nickel, Miller and Marley, 2001, and my first sole authored paper describing a species new to science, Platicrista ramsayi Marley, 2006. The third chapter, Freshwater Fauna – a taxonomic challenge, deals with a programme of research based initially on my findings at the Royal Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh. This then required subsequent visits the USA and Italy to work on the taxonomic issues with original authors on their more recently described genera. I prepared the original Case for the ICZN, but this was then held by the commission for several years pending their amendments to the Code. I then rewrote the Case into the final paper, Marley, Bertolani & Nelson (2008). The final chapter consists of two papers in which I worked on combining my expertise on the morphological characters of the buccal apparatus and claws, and combining this with new molecular dataset derived from sequencing individual specimens. My colleagues on these papers were Dr S.J. McInnes and Mr C.J. Sands, both from the British Antarctic Survey. Overall I am including 14 published papers and 5 published conference abstracts and three online articles. The following taxa were erected during this work: Pseudobiotus kathmanae, Echiniscus ollantaytamboensis, Platicrista ramsayi, Ramazzottidae, Isohypsibiidae, Macrobiotoidea, Eohypsibioidea, Hypsibioidea, and Isohypsibioidea. Plus the following taxa were re-described, Pseudobiotus, Thulinius, Thulinius augusti, Thulinius ruffoi, and Thulinius stephanae.
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Taekul, Charuwat. "Advances in Taxonomy and Systematics of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera)." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1341894153.
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Mheen, Hye Sook. "Computer program for polyphasic taxonomy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299419.
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Rivera, Karol Geraldina. "Taxonomy, systematics and DNA barcoding of selected Penicillium groups." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28200.
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Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox 1) is the barcode for many animal groups, protists, and macroalgae. Previously in fungi, the efficiency of Cox 1 as a genetic marker was only analysed in Penicillium subgenus Penicillium and Leohumicola spp. In this thesis, two species isolated from the intestinal tracts of caterpillars from Costa Rica, and two potential species complexes, P. sclerotiorum and P. oxalicum belonging to Penicillium subgenus Aspergilloides and Furcatum, were studied using the Genealogical Concordance Concept (Gee) recognition criterion and barcoding methods. Analyses with beta-tubulin (BenA), the nuclear internal transcriber spacer (ITS) region, Cox 1, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-alpha), and calmodulin (CaM) revealed that the Penicillium species isolated from Costa Rica are undescribed, and that P. sclerotiorum is a complex of seven phylogenetic species (including the Costa Rican species) that fit the prevailing morphological concept of P. sclerotiorum. The phylogenetic species were compared and newly discovered diagnostic morphological characters were used to create a taxonomic key to the species of the complex. The new species are formally described as P. guanacastense, P. mallochii, P. krugii, P. cainii, P. jacksonii and P. ciebiessum. Analyses of multiple strains of P. oxalicum revealed that it is a single phylogenetic species, despite having a world wide distribution, an unusually high degree of morphological variation, and a diversity of ecological roles.
Cox1 proved to be a good barcode for identifying the selected Penicillium groups, and provided a species level resolution of 83.3%. ITS provided the same resolving ability. BenA (91.7%), TEF1-alpha (100%) and CaM (100%) provided a higher species level resolution than Cox1, but BenA, TEF1-alpha, and CaM were difficult to amplify or sequence for some Penicillium groups. A secondary barcode marker is suggested in addition to Cox1 for Penicillium.
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Rix, Michael G. "Taxonomy and systematics of the Australian Micropholcommatidae (Arachnida : Araneae)." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0178.
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[Truncated abstract] The southern-temperate spider family Micropholcommatidae is a poorly-studied taxon of uncertain limits and uncertain affinities. Since the first Australian species were described in the early twentieth century, and the family was erected in 1944, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic placement of the Micropholcommatidae have been the subject of ongoing debate. Various phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed for the family, but these hypotheses have never been tested with a robust phylogenetic analysis a problem compounded by the inadequate state and confusing history of micropholcommatid taxonomy. To address the many gaps in our understanding of micropholcommatid interrelationships, this thesis will present a comprehensive systematic treatment of the family. Using a combination of molecular phylogenetic, morphological cladistic and taxonomic methods, micropholcommatid diversity is documented and tested at multiple systematic levels, with an alpha-taxonomic and biogeographic focus on the diverse Australian fauna. The taxonomic contribution is substantial throughout, with one new family, two new subfamilies, one new tribe, 14 new genera and 37 new species described. A combined molecular phylogenetic study is presented in Chapter 2, as a 'first pass' exploration of the monophyly, limits and phylogenetic position of the family Micropholcommatidae. The analyses incorporated 50 ingroup spider species, including 23 micropholcommatid taxa, with nucleotide sequences obtained from two nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S and 28S). ...The new subfamily Gigiellinae is also described for two enigmatic species in the newly-described genus Gigiella, known only from the temperate Nothofagus rainforests of south-eastern Australia and southern Chile. As a final contribution to micropholcommatid taxonomy, and as an extension to the cladistic analyses presented in Chapter 5, the new spider family Teutoniellidae is proposed in Chapter 6 for three genera from South America, South Africa and Australia. Teutoniellid monophyly is evidenced by at least two unambiguous synapomorphies, and the morphology of the family is described in relation to other symphytognathidan and EbCY spider taxa. The nominate genus Teutoniella is redescribed to include three species from South America, along with an additional new species from Tasmania. Two new teutoniellid genera are also described, each for a single new species from South Africa: Inflaticrus ansieae is described from the Langeberg Range, east of Cape Town; and Woldius hennigi is described from near Pietermaritzburg, north-west of Durban. In summary, this thesis provides a taxonomic and phylogenetic framework for all future research on micropholcommatid spiders. It presents new data on the phylogeny, phylogenetic position, composition, biogeography, molecular evolution and natural history of a previously poorly-known group of spiders, and highlights a number of remaining gaps in our knowledge of micropholcommatid and araneoid systematics. As a novel contribution to scholarship, this thesis synthesises taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses at multiple systematic levels, and tests those hypotheses with original, combined datasets.
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Biccard, Aiden. "Taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of South African Cirripedia (Thoracica)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10163.
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Includes bibliographical references.The South African Cirripedia (Thoracica) are reviewed for the first time in 88 years, since that of Barnard (1924). Data collection consisted of records from the South African Museum, previously published literature, and specimens collected in the field. The current state of knowledge of the taxon in South Africa has been considerably raised. Thirteen new records are added to the fauna, of Which 84.6% are cosmopolitan and 15.4% introduced species. This raises the total number of South African Cirripedia (Thoracica) to 86, of which 64.06% are cosmopolitan, 11.24% introduced and 24.7% endemic. Excluded from this, are three unknown species, which are likely to be new to science. Descriptions of these species will be undertaken outside of this thesis and published; however, they were classified as endemic and included in the analyses presented in Chapter three. Eleven of the new fauna can be described as "offshore benthic" and represent well known deep-water taxa.
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Muasya, Abraham Muthama. "Systematics of the genus Isolepis R. Br. (Cyperaceae)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266774.
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Ireland, Helen Elizabeth. "The taxonomy and systematics of Ateleia and Cyathostegia (Leguminosae-Swartzieae)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390591.
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Sharp, Esther Louise. "The systematics, taxonomy and phylogeny of the British carboniferous lungfishes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613402.
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Hogan, J. "Taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of the Scaritinae (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2012. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/3f6264ef-2280-a172-1068-fd639cf9525d/1.
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Scaritinae are a subfamily of ground beetles (Carabidae), containing about 1900 species and 125 genera. They share a distinctive body shape linked to a burrowing lifestyle. The diversity of Scaritinae is concentrated in the tropics and warmer regions of the southern hemisphere, particularly Southern Africa, Madagascar and Australia. The evolutionary history (phylogeny) of scaritines is unknown, leading to conflicting classification schemes and uncertainty over the definition of genera, especially in one subgroup of scaritines, the tribe Scaritini. In particular, it is unclear whether Scaritinae are descended from a common ancestor (monophyletic) or whether they are an artificial group defined by convergent adaptations to burrowing. Phylogenetic relationships of the Scaritinae were investigated in detail for the first time using morphological and molecular data. Analysis of morphological characters resulted in multiple equally parsimonious trees. Bayesian analysis supported a monophyletic Scaritinae and within Scaritini, a basal position of subtribes Carenina and Pasimachina. Relationships of subtribe Scaritina were impossible to reconstruct due to a complex pattern of convergent evolution and character reversals. 18S rRNA gene sequences were aligned using ClustalX and by incorporating secondary structure information using MAFFT. Consistent results were obtained by Bayesian analysis of the MAFFT alignments, supporting the clades Scaritinae and Scaritini, Carenina and Scaritina. The Australian scaritines (Carenina) were found to be sister to all remaining Scaritini. An historical biogeographic reconstruction of the Scaritini was undertaken by incorporating evidence from extant distributions, fossils and the phylogenetic data. It is likely that evolution of the basal lineages of Scaritini occurred before the fragmentation of Gondwana and that the present-day distributions of the later radiation of Scaritina are due to dispersal. As with most groups of Carabidae, the lack of fossil evidence and molecular clock dating precludes any firm biogeographical conclusions.
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Laird, Megan Clair. "Taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of South African actiniaria and corallimorpharia." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6117.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
In this study, the systematics of the group is thus reviewed in its entirety for the first time in 74 years. Historical distributional data were gathered from the Iziko South African Museum (SAM) records, as well as from the uncatalogued wet collection, and from previously published literature. Photographic records submitted by SCUBA divers, and specimens collected during the course of this study provided more recent data.
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Hughes, Garrett Brady, and Garrett Brady Hughes. "Taxonomy, Systematics, and Venom Components of Neobisiid Pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625632.
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Pseudoscorpions are a diverse lineage of arachnids with a rich history of taxonomic study. However, they remain one of the lesser-known groups of arachnids and many questions about these enigmatic arthropods remain. The present work revises the taxonomy and systematics of the family Neobisiidae in the Southwest, documenting the existence of several new species and a hitherto unknown clade from the Sky Island region of southeastern Arizona. It also describes the venom of a pseudoscorpion for the first time, through comparative transcriptomic studies.
Seven new species are described and assigned to the genus Globocreagris, extending the known range of this genus from California into Arizona, Oregon, and Washington. The monophyly of the subfamily Neobisiinae was tested using two genes (COI and 28S). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of both genes and the pattern of trichobothrial placement on the chelae supports removing Parobisium from the subfamily Neobisiinae, and placing it within the subfamily Microcreagrinae, a reassignment here made.
Although it has long been known that most pseudoscorpions possess venom glands in their pincers which they use to subdue their arthropod prey, the components of the venom have never been identified. Using comparative transcriptomics from the pedipalps of Globocreagris the first putative venom proteins in pseudoscorpions were identified. Putative venom proteins include astacin-like metalloproteases, chitinases, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, phospholipase A2, and scorpion La1-like peptides.
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Ball, Lester George. "Characterisation of the genus Microbispora and related actinomycetes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336270.
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Nangammbi, Tshifhiwa Constance. "Taxonomy and phylogeny of red-tailed francolins (Genus Peliperdix)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6902.
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Bibliography: leaves 25-31.The Red-tailed Group of francolins falls within the class Aves, order Galliformes, family Phasianidae and genus Peliperdix. These are small francolins consisting of three putative species (Peliperdix coqui, P. albogularis and P. schlegelii) that are largely allopatric. Two species (P. coqui and P. albogularis) are considered to be polytypic species, but is a large discrepancy in the number of subspecies attributed to P. coqui and P. albogularis. The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, organismal characters and combined data were used to identify diagnosable taxa, test the monophyly and reconstruct the phylogeny of the Red-tailed Group. Sixteen exemplars of the Red-tailed Group (representing all species and nearly all subspecies currently recognised in the genus Peliperdix) from different geographical localities were studied. Maximum likelihood (cyt b), maximum parsimony (cyt b, organismal, combined) , distance analysis (cyt b) were performed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among them. The trees obtained from DNA sequence, organismal and combined data were incongruent in respect to the position of some taxa. The monophyly of the Red-tailed Group seems to be well supported, but the identity of, and interrelationships between the subspecies and species are less well resolved. The morphological and combined tree probably reflects the taxon phylogeny better than the tree based on mitochondrial DNA. only. The most remarkable result that is strongly supported by both organismal and combined trees was that they bring clear resolution between P. albogularis and P. schlegelii as two separate species from P. coqui. Due to the short number of DNA sequences obtained, one cannot make a decision as to whether the subspecies should be elevated to species. Finally, it is suggested that more systematic studies must be done based on multiple independent data sets in order to obtain a robust taxonomy and phylogeny for this group.
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Boudko, Ekaterina. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Subtribe Alopecurinae (Poaceae)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30696.
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Subtribe Alopecurinae (Poeae, Poaceae) sensu lato‘s seven genera share interesting morphological similarities (dense spicate panicles and one-flowered spikelets) that were widely thought to have a common origin. However, recent molecular evidence for three of the genera has suggested that the subtribe may be polyphyletic. To test this, five DNA regions were sequenced and analyzed using phylogenetic methods. Results confirm that Alopecurinae s.l. as presently treated is polyphyletic and should be dissolved. Additionally, the genus Cornucopiae may be just another Alopecurus. Limnas and Pseudophleum are not closely allied to Alopecurus or each other, and are even further from Phleum. Phleum is a distinct lineage that is not closely allied to any other included Alopecurinae genus. Evidence for revising infrageneric classifications of Alopecurus and Phleum is presented, as is evidence for separating A. magellanicus into two or more subspecies.
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Silveira, Marcela Firens da 1983. "Rubiaceae-Rubioideae Verdc. do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315650.
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Orientador: Luiza Sumiko KinoshitaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Rubiaceae Juss. é uma das maiores famílias de angiospermas, e também uma das famílias mais importantes da flora brasileira. A atual circunscrição da família compreende três subfamílias, entre elas, Rubioideae Verdc. O Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (PNSC) é a segunda maior Unidade de Conservação de Minas Gerais, compreendendo ambientes como campo, cerrado s.s. e floresta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o levantamento das espécies de Rubiaceae subfamília Rubioideae no PNSC e entorno, a fim de documentar a riqueza do grupo nesta região e contribuir para a taxonomia da família. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas bimestrais, entre setembro de 2008 e novembro de 2009, e estudadas coleções de plantas herborizadas da região. O levantamento florístico da subfamília Rubioideae no PNSC resultou em um total de 57 espécies, pertencentes a 17 gêneros, ao longo de todas as principais formações vegetacionais. Psychotria L. foi o gênero mais rico, compreendendo 15 espécies: P. anceps Kunth; P. capitata Ruiz & Pav.; P. carthagenensis Jacq.; P. deflexa DC.; P. gracilenta DC.; P. hastisepala Müll.Arg.; P. hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Müll. Arg.; P. leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl.; P. myriantha Müll.Arg.; P. nemorosa Gardner; P. prunifolia (Kunth) Steyerm.; P. stachyoides Benth.; P. subtriflora Müll.Arg.; P. trichophora Mull.Arg.; e P. vellosiana Benth. Borreria G.F.W.Mey. e Coccocypselum P.Browne foram representados por 8 e 7 espécies, respectivamente: B. capitata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; B. flavovirens Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; B. latifolia (Aubl.) K.Schum.; B. multiflora (DC.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; B. poaya (A.St.-Hil.) DC.; B. tenera DC.; B. verticillata (L.) G.Mey.; B. warmingii K. Schum.; C. aureum (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl.; C. capitatum (Graham) C.B. Costa & Mamede; C. condalia Pers.; C. cordifolium Nees & Mart.; C. hasslerianum Chodat; C. lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; e C. lymansmithii Standl. Declieuxia Kunth apresentou cinco espécies no PNSC: D. cordigera Mart. & Zucc. Ex Schult. & Schult.f.; D. deltoidea Mull.Arg.; D. fruticosa (Will. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze; e D. lysimachioides Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; e D. oenanthoides Mart. & Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult. Os 13 gêneros restantes foram representados por uma a quatro espécies: Coussarea hydrangeifolia (Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Diodella apiculata (Roem. & Schult.) Delprete; D. teres (Walt.) Small; Emmeorhiza umbellate (Spreng.) K. Schum.; Faramea montevidensis (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.; F. multiflora A. Rich. ex DC.; Galianthe angustifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) E.L.Cabral; G. brasiliensis (Spreng.) E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; G. grandifolia E.L.Cabral; G. liliifolia (Standl.) E.L.Cabral; Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst.; Manettia cordifolia Mart.; M. luteorubra (Vell.) Benth.; Margaritopsis cephalantha (Müll. Arg.) C.M. Taylor; Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) DC.; Palicourea macrobotrys (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; P. marcgravii A.St.-Hil.; P. rigida Kunth; Richardia brasiliensis B.A.Gomes; Rudgea sessilis (Vell.) Mull.Arg.; R. viburnoides (Cham.) Benth.; e Staelia lanigera (DC.) K. Schum. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para gêneros e espécies, descrições, fotos, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários
Abstract: Rubiaceae Juss. is one of the largest family of angiosperms, and it is one of the most important families of the Brazilian flora. The current familial circumscription comprises three subfamilies, Rubioideae Verdcourt among them. The Serra da Canastra National Park (SCNP) is the second larger protected area of the Minas Gerais State, and it includes numerous environments, like fields, savannas and forests. The objective of this study was to survey the species of Rubiaceae subfamily Rubioideae from SCNP and neighborhoods, and therefore, contribute to the taxonomy of this group. For this aim, periodic expeditions to the SCNP were carried out, between September 2008 and November 2009, and important collections of dried plants were studied. The survey of Rubioideae from SCNP reached 17 genera and 57 species, from several environments. Psychotria L. was the richest genus, comprising 15 species: P. anceps Kunth; P. capitata Ruiz & Pav.; P. carthagenensis Jacq.; P. deflexa DC.; P. gracilenta DC.; P. hastisepala Müll.Arg.; P. hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Müll. Arg.; P. leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl; P. myriantha Müll.Arg.; P. nemorosa Gardner; P. prunifolia (Kunth) Steyerm.; P. stachyoides Benth; P. subtriflora Müll.Arg.; P. trichophora Mull.Arg.; and P. vellosiana Benth. Borreria G.F.W.Mey. and Coccocypselum P.Browne were represented by 8 and 7 species, respectively: B. capitata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; B. flavovirens Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; B. latifolia (Aubl.) K.Schum.; B. multiflora (DC.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral; B. poaya (A.St.-Hil.) DC.; B. tenera DC.; B. verticillata (L.) G.Mey.; B. warmingii K. Schum.; C. aureum (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl.; C. capitatum (Graham) C.B. Costa & Mamede; C. condalia Pers.; C. cordifolium Nees & Mart.; C. hasslerianum Chodat; C. lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.; and C. lymansmithii Standl. Declieuxia Kunth comprised five species in the SCNP: D. cordigera Mart. & Zucc. Ex Schult. & Schult.f.; D. deltoidea Mull.Arg.; D. fruticosa (Will. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze; and D. lysimachioides Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult.f.; and D. oenanthoides Mart. & Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult. The 13 remaining genera were represented by only one to four species: Coussarea hydrangeifolia (Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Diodella apiculata (Roem. & Schult.) Delprete; D. teres (Walt.) Small; Emmeorhiza umbellate (Spreng.) K. Schum.; Faramea montevidensis (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC.; F. multiflora A. Rich. ex DC.; Galianthe angustifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) E.L.Cabral; G. brasiliensis (Spreng.) E.L.Cabral & Bacigalupo; G. grandifolia E.L.Cabral; G. liliifolia (Standl.) E.L.Cabral; Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst.; Manettia cordifolia Mart.; M. luteorubra (Vell.) Benth.; Margaritopsis cephalantha (Müll. Arg.) C.M. Taylor; Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) DC.; Palicourea macrobotrys (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.; P. marcgravii A.St.-Hil.; P. rigida Kunth; Richardia brasiliensis B.A.Gomes; Rudgea sessilis (Vell.) Müll.Arg.; R. viburnoides (Cham.) Benth.; and Staelia lanigera (DC.) K. Schum. Keys of the genera and species, descriptions, pictures, illustrations, and comments about species and distribution are also provided
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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Moles, Sánchez Juan. "Antarctic heterobranch molluscs: diving into their challenging ecology, taxonomy, and systematics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399046.
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This thesis covers three important aspects of Antarctic heterobranchs: ecology, taxonomy, and systematics. The first section deals with ecological interactions of several nudibranchs. In Chapter 1, we chemically characterize a new natural product (a homosesterterpene) called granuloside, from Charcotia granulosa Vayssière, 1906; remarkably, this is the first record of this type of compound in marine organisms. In Chapter 2, we assess the origin, function, and distribution of granuloside in this nudibranch; we found glandular structures probably responsible for storing granuloside, as a defensive mechanism against predators, like the sympatric starfish, Odontaster validus Koehler, 1906. We also hypothesize that granuloside is de novo biosynthesized by C. granulosa. This chapter reflects how organisms from polar latitudes have similar defensive strategies to those of temperate and tropical zones. In Chapter 3, a new species of ectosymbiont copepod, Anthessius antarcticus n. sp., living on C. granulosa is described. This is the first record of such association in Antarctica and the first time that this copepod genus has been found living on a nudibranch. In Chapter 4, we study the development of two anthobranchs, Doris kerguelenensis (Bergh, 1884) and Bathydoris hodgsoni Eliot, 1907, both with intracapsular development; we provide new data on the egg masses characteristics, and embryos morphology and anatomy, throughout their development; we also studied at which ontogenetic stage their natural products appear. We concluded that both nudibranchs exhibit developmental periods of up to several years; their embryos are physically defended by a thick egg capsule, while juveniles already rely on de novo biosynthesized defensive compounds. In the second section of this thesis, our interdisciplinary taxonomic and systematic studies, including histology, tomography, electron microscopy, and molecular tools, allowed us to describe three new species of heterobranchs. In Chapter 5, we provide integrative taxonomic evidence for the establishment of a new family (Newnesiidae), and the description of a new species of Cephalaspidea (Newnesia joani n. sp.) with eurybathic and circumpolar distribution; this discovery traces the origin of the cephalaspideans (distributed worldwide) to Antarctica. In Chapter 6, we performed a three-dimensional (3D) anatomical reconstruction and compared the two nudibranchs Doto antarctica and the new species Doto carinova n. sp.; their phylogeny reveals intriguing questions concerning the development of the reproductive system in this genus; 3D reconstructions reveal also the presence of probable giant neurons associated with the nervous system, which were unknown in this genus so far. Finally, in Chapter 7 we provide new evidence of bipolar geographic distributions by describing a new species of nudibranch, Doridunculus punkus n. sp., using only non-destructive tomographic techniques. Our results highlight both the need and the relevance of multidisciplinary approaches to study biodiversity and ecological interactions in heterobranch molluscs from a poorly studied area of the planet, such as Antarctica.Esta tesis doctoral abarca tres aspectos relevantes de los heterobranquios antárticos: su ecología, taxonomía y sistemática. La primera sección trata sobre interacciones ecológicas en varios nudibranquios. En el capítulo 1, caracterizamos químicamente un nuevo producto natural (un homosesterterpeno) denominado granuloside, de Charcotia granulosa Vayssière, 1906; cabe destacar que ésta es la primera vez que se halla este tipo de compuestos en organismos marinos. En el capítulo 2, evaluamos el origen, función y distribución del granuloside en dicho nudibranquio; hallamos estructuras glandulares probablemente encargadas de acumular granuloside como mecanismo defensivo frente a depredadores, como la estrella de mar Odontaster validus Koehler, 1906. Además, sugerimos que C. granulosa biosintetiza granuloside de novo. Este capítulo refleja cómo los organismos de latitudes polares poseen estrategias defensivas similares a los de las zonas templadas y tropicales. En el capítulo 3, se describe una nueva especie de copépodo, Anthessius antarcticus n. sp., ectosimbionte de C. granulosa; este es el primer registro de este tipo de asociaciones en la Antártida y la primera vez que se describe este género viviendo en un nudibranquio. En el capítulo 4, estudiamos el desarrollo de dos antobranquios, Doris kerguelenensis (Bergh, 1884) y Bathydoris hodgsoni Eliot, 1907, con desarrollo intracapsular; aportamos nuevos datos morfológicos y anatómicos sobre las puestas, huevos y embriones a lo largo de su desarrollo; también estudiamos el estadio ontogenético en el que aparecen sus productos naturales; concluimos que ambas especies tienen periodos de desarrollo de varios años, sus embriones se defienden físicamente gracias a la gruesa cápsula del huevo, mientras que los juveniles ya sintetizan sus propios compuestos defensivos. En la segunda sección de la tesis, nuestros estudios taxonómicos y sistemáticos interdisciplinares, incluyendo técnicas de histología, tomografía, microscopía electrónica y moleculares, han permitido la descripción de tres especies nuevas de heterobranquios. En el capítulo 5, se aporta evidencia taxonómica para establecer una nueva familia (Newnesiidae), y la descripción de una nueva especie de Cephalaspidea (Newnesia joani n. sp.) con distribución euribática y circumpolar; este descubrimiento traza el origen de los cefalaspideos (distribuidos en todo el mundo) hasta la Antártida. En el capítulo 6, realizamos una reconstrucción anatómica tridimensional (3D) y comparamos los dos nudibranquios Doto antarctica y la nueva especie Doto carinova n. sp.; su filogenia revela interesantes cuestiones relativas a la evolución del sistema reproductivo en este género; además, las reconstrucciones 3D revelan la existencia de posibles neuronas gigantes asociadas al sistema nervioso, hasta ahora desconocidas en este género. Por último, en el capítulo 7, proporcionamos nuevas pruebas de una distribución geográfica bipolar, mediante la descripción de una nueva especie de nudibranquio, Doridunculus punkus n. sp., usando exclusivamente técnicas tomográficas no destructivas. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad y la relevancia de utilizar enfoques multidisciplinares para el estudio de la biodiversidad y las interacciones ecológicas en moluscos heterobranquios, en especial en un continente todavía poco estudiado, como es la Antártida.
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Große-Veldmann, Bernadette [Verfasser]. "Systematics, Taxonomy, and Evolution of Urtica L. (Urticaceae) / Bernadette Große-Veldmann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132711452/34.
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Benson, R. B. J. "The taxonomy, systematics and evolution of the British theropod dinosaur Megalosaurus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596577.
Full textAbstract:
The Middle and Late Jurassic theropod (Dinosauria: Archosauria) record of Britain is reviewed to support the inclusion of taxa from these time periods in a new cladistic analysis constructed to elucidate basal tetanuan relationships. British Middle Jurassic deposits have yielded the most abundant theropod fossil material of this age world-wide. The most productive British theropod localities of this epoch are Bathonian in age: Stonesfield, Oxfordshire and New Park Quarry, Gloucestershire. The large-bodied theropod assemblages of these localities are interpreted as monospecific. Abundant remains from these localities can be referred to Megalosaurus, the historically oldest dinosaur taxon. Two additional large-bodied tetanurans were present in British Bathonian Dinosaur ecosystems based on more fragmentary fossils. A minimum of two further, small-bodied taxa are indicated by teeth and postcranial remains. The British Late Jurassic strata are less productive but yield new data that contribute toward global biogeographic scenarios. Metriacanthosaurus (Oxfordian) is a sinraptorid allosauroid, Stokesosaurus (Tithonian) is a basal tyrannosauroid, and isolated remains of robust, large-bodied theropods (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian) show affinities with Megalosaurus or its sister taxon Torvosaurus. A new cladistic analysis focussing on basal tetanuran relationships includes 213 characters (of which 22 are new) and 41 taxa. Several of these taxa have never been included in a cladistic analysis: Chuandongocoelurus, Marshosaurus, Piveteaursaurus, ‘Megalosaurus’ hesperis and Magnosaurus nethercombensis. The content of groups within Spinosauroidea corresponds well with geography, indicating limited endemism across Pangaea among theropods of this age. Most Late Jurassic large-bodied theropods are allosauroids, and allosauroids are also abundant during this time period. This suggests faunal turnover between the Middle and Late Jurassic.
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Mandiwana, Tshifhiwa G. "Taxonomy, phylogenetic and biogeographical relationships of African grassland Francolins (Genus: Scleroptila)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8615.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 23-28.The potential for using a combination of molecular and whole-organismal data has opened up new avenues for avian taxonomy, phylogenetics and biogeography. Such a multifaceted approach is used here to identify diagnosable taxa within the Orange River Francolin Scleroptila levaillanloides species complex and resolve evolutionary relationships between these taxa and other mono-and polytypic forms within the Red-winged Group of francolins (= genus Scleroplila sensli lalo). Mitochondrial cytochrome-b DNA sequence data (±250 b.p.) from 50 individuals and 19 morphological characters extracted from reports in published literature were employed to achieve these aims. These characters were analysed separately and also in combination using maximum parsimony (DNA sequences and organismal data), maximum likelihood (DNA sequences) and distance (DNA sequences) analyses. Monophyly of the Red-winged Group plus the Ring-necked Francolin Dendroperdix slreptophorus was supported by all the analyses (bootstrap support ranged from 50%-94%) except distance analysis. The Orange River Francolin complex was found to be non-monophyletic. Two distinct clades were identified, one comprising taxa from southwestern and the other from northeastern Africa. Morphological analysis yielded a distinct clade of the southwestern Orange River Francolin. The other polytypic species and assemblages thereof show poor resolution. The results of this study clearly demonstrate a need for further assessment of the taxonomic status of Scleroptila spp. and their phylogenetic relationships.
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Villaverde, Hidalgo Tamara M. "Systematics and Phylogeography of "Carex capitata" Complex (Cyperaceae)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23368.
Full textAbstract:
Only thirty known species have populations at high latitudes in both hemispheres, this is, a bipolar distribution. Five of them belong to the genus Carex. Before attempting to elucidate the origins of such distributions, we need to resolve taxonomical problems that are typically encountered in such species. We focus on the Carex capitata complex, which includes Carex arctogena as a bipolar species, in worldwide scope sampling. A morphometric study and phylogenetic analyses based on maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and Statistical Parsimony have revealed: a) C. capitata and C. arctogena are different species; b) C. anctarctogena is a synonym of C. arctogena and c) a great biodiversity previously undetected in western North America that could lead to the description of three new taxa (“Carex cayouetteana”, Carex sp. nov. 1 and 2) comprised in the so called “C. cayouetteana” lineage. More studies are needed in some C. capitata samples from Russia that appears in the molecular analyses in a strongly supported clade.
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Bovonsombut, Sakunnee. "Characterisation of arthrobacters by pyrolysis mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310090.
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Strandberg, Jonas. "Taking a Bite out of Diversity - Taxonomy and systematics of biting midges." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127144.
Full textAbstract:
The biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae) is one of the most species rich amongst the biting flies (Diptera) and has been recorded from most parts of the world. The species are mostly known for their capability to act as vectors for several important diseases, which have helped in shaping the focus to one of its genera, Culicoides Latreille, 1809. This thesis gives an overview of the knowledge of the Swedish diversity, in the first paper (paper I) with a closer look at the species of Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 where all twenty species found in Sweden are presented with their associated localities, and two new species are described. In the second paper (paper II) the biting midge diversity of Sweden is presented based on specimens collected from several localities. All these individuals were barcoded using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). The analysis included 773 specimens that were assigned into 214 barcoding clusters (BINs) and sorted into 164 groups based on their morphology. The third paper (paper III) broadens the scale were the evolutionary relationships within the family are investigated by applying five protein coding genes (COI, CAD, TPI, AATS and PGD) and specimens from different parts of the World. The analysis recovers Ceratopogonini, Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 and Bezzia Kieffer, 1899 as paraphyletic and Palpomyia Meigen, 1818 polyphyletic. In the last and fourth paper (paper IV) the family is used as a model organism together with Hymenoptera for an alternative analysis method for reducing the impact of saturation and long-branch attraction using non-synonymous coding (e.g. Degen1) on only parts of a dataset. The effectiveness of the method is compared to the removal of the faster evolving third codon position. The result yields a higher number of supported nodes as well as a higher median of support for the method as well as an ability to reduce long-branch attraction artifacts.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Novarino, Gianfranco. "Studies on micro algal fine-structure, taxonomy and systematics : Cryptophyceae and Bacillariophyceae." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/studies-on-micro-algal-finestructure-taxonomy-and-systematics--cryptophyceae-and-bacillariophyceae(6a475436-f28f-44c0-99ca-3fad404e1fa7).html.
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Part I deals with the fine-structure of 25 marine and 3 freshwater strains of cryptomonads, and 2 species observed in fixed marine plankton samples. Emphasis is placed on scanning electron microscope observations, which yield valuable taxonomic data, providing that cell shrinkage (up to about 25 % linear), and other undesirable effects of preparation schedules, are taken into account. The fine-structural information is used for judging the taxonomic value of some cell features. Characters having taxonomic significance at various levels include the cell shape, periplast features (especially the shape and size of the periplast areas), chloroplast number, nucleomorph position, presence of a 'tail', and the presence of a true, non-artifactual furrow on the ventral cell face. A new classification system is proposed. This allows for the existence of three orders, four families, seven pigmented genera, and two colourless ones. Most diagnosis or descriptions of taxa above the generic level are based on only one character. This should make the system capable of accomodating new taxa with little difficulty. The following new taxa are described: Rbinomonas reticulata comb. nov., R. . reticulata var. atrorosea comb. et stat. nov., R. reticulata var. compresses var. nov., R. reticulate var. eleniana var. nov., Proteomonas pseudobaltica comb. nov., P. pseudobal tics var. 1 eonardiana var. nov., Pyrenomonas sahne var. curvata var. nov., Pyrenomonadales ord. nov., Pyrenomonadaceee fam. nov., and Cryptomonadales ord. nov. - Part II deals with the diatom genus Mastoglola. An update of the taxa assigned to this genus is given, together with a 'resemblance list' useful for identifying taxa not included in the main reference work for the genus. The frustule architecture of Mastoglola smitbii is examined with particular reference to the valvocopula, especially the features involved in its integration with the valve.
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Mandiwana-Neudani, Tshifhiwa Gift. "Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of francolins ('Francolinus' spp.) Aves: Order Galliformes, Family Phasianidae." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9295.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.Francolins (Francolinus spp.) are small to medium-sized, sedentary, Old World, partridge/quail-like, terrestrial gamebirds (Order Galliformes) that occupy diverse habitats ranging from dry/open/scrubby lowland and montane grasslands, bushveld and savanna/woodland to mesic montane/lowland forests and forest edges. Some francolins have complex distribution patterns and also are morphologically, ecologically and behaviourally diverse. At the start of this research, Francolinus Stephens, 1819 was considered a monophyletic galliform genus comprising 41 species (36 African and five Asiatic) divided among eight putatively monophyletic species groups and four taxonomically enigmatic species. However, different taxonomic revisions, especially post Hall's (1963) classic monograph, challenged the monophyletic status of the genus and that of some of its designated species groups differed markedly in the number of recognized subspecies. Furthermore, there was debate concerning the geographical origin of the genus: Asia versus Africa. Some of the early molecular research on a few exemplar francolin species based on partial mitochondrial Cytochrome-b DNA sequences and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) also challenged the monophyly of the genus and that of some of Hall's (1963) species groups. These findings suggested that francolins may form at least two distantly related lineages called 'patryse' (partridges) and 'fisante' (pheasants) by Afrikaans-speaking people. Patryse, or 'true' francolins, had been divided into as many as five genera (Francolinus, Ortygornis, Dendroperdix, Peliperdix, Scleroptila) and fisante, or spurfowls, all grouped into a single genus, Pternistis. Research in this thesis is based on: mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (5554 base pairs), organismal and vocal characters of francolins and spurfowls.
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Weaver, Haylee Jade, and haylee weaver@anu edu au. "BIODIVERSITY OF THE PARASITE FAUNA OF THE RODENT GENERA ZYZOMYS THOMAS, 1909 AND PSEUDOMYS GRAY, 1832 FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA." Central Queensland University. Dept. Molecular and Life Sciences, 2008. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20081005.153246.
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This study of the parasite fauna of five Australian rodents (Muridae:
Hydromyinae: Conilurini) was undertaken to increase the knowledge of
Australian parasite biodiversity.
Trapping for Zyzomys argurus (Thomas, 1889), Pseudomys delicatulus (Gould,
1842), P. desertor Troughton, 1932, P. gracilicaudatus (Gould, 1845) and P.
hermannsburgensis (Waite, 1896) (Rodentia: Muridae) was carried out at 16
locations in Queensland between 2004 to 2006. A total of 51 rats were captured
and examined for parasites. In addition, 119 rats, from collections in the
Queensland Museum and the University of Sydney, were examined. Finally, 57
samples of parasites collected from the above hosts and deposited at the
Australian National Wildlife Collection (CSIRO) were identified.
From these five rodent species, 15 species of ectoparasites and 17 species of
endoparasites were recorded. Fifteen new host records and 14 new locality
records were found. The ectoparasites comprised four species of Laelaps Koch,
1836 (Parasitiformes: Laelapidae), four species of chiggers (Acariformes:
Trombiculidae), two species of fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, Pygiospyllidae)
and two species of ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae). Three new species of lice
(Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) were discovered.
The 17 endoparasites, all helminths, comprised fourteen species of nematode and
three species of cestode. There were 11 species of oxyurids (Nematoda:
Oxyuridae, Heteroxynematidae), including 10 new species of Syphacia, two
species of Odilia (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae), and one species of
Nippostrongylus (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae). Three species of cestodes
(Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae, Taeniidae, Davaineidae) were collected. There
were no trematodes or acanthocephalans found in any of the rodents examined.
No protistan parasites were found in tissue and blood samples taken from the
rodents.
The mean species diversity of parasites for each host rodent species was
consistently low, with values of Simpsons Reciprocal Index ranging from 1.00
1.53. Possible factors contributing to this low diversity include habitat
preferences, dietary ecology and social structure. There was no significant
relationship found between host body weight and abundance of ectoparasites, or
host body weight and species richness of helminths. The index of discrepancy
(D) was used to evaluate the distribution of parasite species across host
populations. Most parasites were found to have aggregated distributions within
the host populations. The exception to this was two of the four species of laelapid
mite, with values <5, indicating that they were common across host populations.
The phylogenetic relationships of the Syphacia species occurring in the
Australian bioregion were investigated using morphological characters.
Relatively low resolution of the trees produced indicated that there may be a high
degree of similarity between species. Two main clades were identified- a clade of
genera of Syphaciini from Borneo was shown to be basal to the clade of species
of Syphacia examined. Within the clade of the genus Syphacia, the new species
identified in this study formed a single cluster on trees. There was no evidence,
however, for strict coevolution of these worms and their hosts.
Overall, the research presented here adds considerable knowledge to the previous
paucity of information of the parasites of Australian native rodent species. This
was achieved by contributing new host records, locality records and identifying
and describing several new species. The relationships between conilurin rodents
and their parasites suggests that coevolution plays a large part in the speciation of
parasites, and that minimal host switching has occurred in the helminths of the
conilurins of northern Australia.
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Starkie, Melissa L. "Systematics and evolution of the Australian Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207990/8/Thesis_Starkie_2021.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the drivers of fruit fly speciation in Australia. Utilising genetic and fossil data, a dated phylogeny was produced and used to investigate trait evolution across the tribe. Morphological data was evaluated for its utility in phylogenetic reconstructions and found to have limited signal. Biogeographic analysis showed flies entered Australia from PNG, and into the Western Pacific from both PNG and Australia. Additionally, the study documented new fruit fly species, new distributions, and new lure records. The results help refine the taxonomy and systematics of the tribe and support future work in pest management.
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Dehling, Jonas Maximilian [Verfasser]. "Taxonomy, systematics, and ecology of selected amphibian taxa from Rwanda / Jonas Maximilian Dehling." Koblenz : Universitätsbibliothek Koblenz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054354693/34.
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Cochrane, Sabine J. "Taxonomy and systematics of selected marine soft-bottom fan-worms (Polychaeta: Sabellidae: Sabellinae)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7112.
Full textAbstract:
The main descriptive characters of sabellid polychaetes are presented. Easily misunderstood morphological features are clarified by a series of schematic drawings. The importance of scale is emphasised and some aspects of population ecology and reproduction are addressed. An introduction to Euchone Malmgren (Polychaeta: Sabellidae: Sabellinae) is given and the diagnostic character is discussed. A new taxon, Euchone x, is described from the North Sea and Northern Norwegian Sea. Jasmineira candela Grube from the Adriatic Sea is redescribed and Jasmineira oculata Langerhans from Atlantic waters is reinstated. Some little-known records of Chone in Northern Atlantic waters are presented and one anomalous taxon is described. A historical overview of sabellid systematics is given. Because the binomial system of taxonomic nomenclature still used today was devised more than a century before evolutionary thinking, finds of organisms that do not 'fit' into the traditional systematic hierarchy are not unexpected. An introduction to phylogenetic systematics is given and some current issues are discussed. The concept of phylogenetic taxonomy is introduced. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out of taxa mainly within Euchone with some members of Chone, Jasmineira and Amphicorina. Euchone sensu Malmgren is revealed as being an artificial taxon. Five taxa previously assigned to Euchone are recognised as a discrete sister group to Chone, Euchone and Jasmineira. The data set is further used to demonstrate how phylogenetic taxonomy might be applied to the study group of organisms. Some behavioural observations were made on captive live specimens of Euchone x and the ecological implications are discussed. Some observations are provided on its reproduction and an enigmatic parasitic organism found within the radiolar crown is investigated. Although several important aspects of the taxonomy of the group were resolved, there remain many future challenges in the taxonomy and systematics of soft-bottom sabellin fan worms.