Journal articles on the topic 'Plant skeleton extraction'
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1
Hu, Yihu, Xinying Luo, Zicheng Gao, Ao Du, Hao Guo, Alexey Ruchay, Francesco Marinello, and Andrea Pezzuolo. "Curve Skeleton Extraction from Incomplete Point Clouds of Livestock and Its Application in Posture Evaluation." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12070998.
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As consumer-grade depth sensors provide an efficient and low-cost way to obtain point cloud data, an increasing number of applications regarding the acquisition and processing of livestock point clouds have been proposed. Curve skeletons are abstract representations of 3D data, and they have great potential for the analysis and understanding of livestock point clouds. Articulated skeleton extraction has been extensively studied on 2D and 3D data. Nevertheless, robust and accurate skeleton extraction from point set sequences captured by consumer-grade depth cameras remains challenging since such data are often corrupted by substantial noise and outliers. Additionally, few approaches have been proposed to overcome this problem. In this paper, we present a novel curve skeleton extraction method for point clouds of four-legged animals. First, the 2D top view of the livestock was constructed using the concave hull algorithm. The livestock data were divided into the left and right sides along the bilateral symmetry plane of the livestock. Then, the corresponding 2D side views were constructed. Second, discrete skeleton evolution (DSE) was utilized to extract the skeletons from those 2D views. Finally, we divided the extracted skeletons into torso branches and leg branches. We translated each leg skeleton point to the border of the nearest banded point cluster and then moved it to the approximate centre of the leg. The torso skeleton points were calculated according to their positions on the side view and top view. Extensive experiments show that quality curve skeletons can be extracted from many livestock species. Additionally, we compared our method with representative skeleton extraction approaches, and the results show that our method performs better in avoiding topological errors caused by the shape characteristics of livestock. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effectiveness of our extracted skeleton in detecting frames containing pigs with correct postures from the point cloud stream.
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Herrero-Huerta, M., V. Meline, A. S. Iyer-Pascuzzi, A. M. Souza, M. R. Tuinstra, and Y. Yang. "ROOT PHENOTYPING FROM X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: SKELETON EXTRACTION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-417-2021.
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Abstract. Breakthrough imaging technologies are a potential solution to the plant phenotyping bottleneck in marker-assisted breeding and genetic mapping. X-Ray CT (computed tomography) technology is able to acquire the digital twin of root system architecture (RSA), however, advances in computational methods to digitally model spatial disposition of root system networks are urgently required.We extracted the root skeleton of the digital twin based on 3D data from X-ray CT, which is optimized for high-throughput and robust results. Significant root architectural traits such as number, length, growth angle, elongation rate and branching map can be easily extracted from the skeleton. The curve-skeleton extraction is computed based on a constrained Laplacian smoothing algorithm. This skeletal structure drives the registration procedure in temporal series. The experiment was carried out at the Ag Alumni Seed Phenotyping Facility (AAPF) at Purdue University in West Lafayette (IN, USA). Three samples of tomato root at 2 different times and three samples of corn root at 3 different times were scanned. The skeleton is able to accurately match the shape of the RSA based on a visual inspection.The results based on a visual inspection confirm the feasibility of the proposed methodology, providing scalability to a comprehensive analysis to high throughput root phenotyping.
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Kang, Hye-Ji, Min-Jung Ko, and Myong-Soo Chung. "Anthocyanin Structure and pH Dependent Extraction Characteristics from Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) and Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) in Subcritical Water State." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030527.
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This study determines the optimal extraction conditions for the subcritical-water extraction (SWE) of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries and compares the performance using conventional extraction methods. SWE is carried out under different conditions of extraction temperature (110 °C, 130 °C, 150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C), extraction time (1, 3, 5, and 10 min), and solvent pH (water and 1% citric acid). The solubility and stability of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries influences the optimal condition for SWE. The presence of more methoxy and hydroxyl functional groups in the basic skeleton of anthocyanin will result in a lower solubility at a high temperature. Water at a higher temperature exhibits a better dissociation reaction, and a solvent has a lower pH at a higher temperature. One percent citric acid is used to reduce the pH of the solvent, which increases the extraction efficiency of anthocyanin in a subcritical water state.
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Concepcion II, Ronnie Sabino, Jonnel Dorado Alejandrino, Sandy Cruz Lauguico, Rogelio Ruzcko Tobias, Edwin Sybingco, Elmer Pamisa Dadios, and Argel Alejandro Bandala. "Lettuce growth stage identification based on phytomorphological variations using coupled color superpixels and multifold watershed transformation." International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics 6, no. 3 (November 13, 2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijain.v6i3.435.
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Identifying the plant's developmental growth stages from seed leaf is crucial to understand plant science and cultivation management deeply. An efficient vision-based system for plant growth monitoring entails optimum segmentation and classification algorithms. This study presents coupled color-based superpixels and multifold watershed transformation in segmenting lettuce plant from complicated background taken from smart farm aquaponic system, and machine learning models used to classify lettuce plant growth as vegetative, head development and for harvest based on phytomorphological profile. Morphological computations were employed by feature extraction of the number of leaves, biomass area and perimeter, convex area, convex hull area and perimeter, major and minor axis lengths of the major axis length the dominant leaf, and length of plant skeleton. Phytomorphological variations of biomass compactness, convexity, solidity, plant skeleton, and perimeter ratio were included as inputs of the classification network. The extracted Lab color space information from the training image set undergoes superpixels overlaying with 1,000 superpixel regions employing K-means clustering on each pixel class. Six-level watershed transformation with distance transformation and minima imposition was employed to segment the lettuce plant from other pixel objects. The accuracy of correctly classifying the vegetative, head development, and harvest growth stages are 88.89%, 86.67%, and 79.63%, respectively. The experiment shows that the test accuracy rates of machine learning models were recorded as 60% for LDA, 85% for ANN, and 88.33% for QSVM. Comparative analysis showed that QSVM bested the performance of optimized LDA and ANN in classifying lettuce growth stages. This research developed a seamless model in segmenting vegetation pixels, and predicting lettuce growth stage is essential for plant computational phenotyping and agricultural practice optimization.
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Tarkowská, Danuše. "A Fast and Reliable UHPLC–MS/MS-Based Method for Screening Selected Pharmacologically Significant Natural Plant Indole Alkaloids." Molecules 25, no. 14 (July 18, 2020): 3274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143274.
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Many substances of secondary plant metabolism have often attracted the attention of scientists and the public because they have certain beneficial effects on human health, although the reason for their biosynthesis in the plant remains unclear. This is also the case for alkaloids. More than 200 years have passed since the discovery of the first alkaloid (morphine), and several thousand substances of this character have been isolated since then. Most often, alkaloid-rich plants are part of folk medicine with centuries-old traditions. What is particularly important to monitor for these herbal products is the spectrum and concentrations of the present active substances, which decide whether the product has a beneficial or toxic effect on human health. In this work, we present a fast, reliable, and robust method for the extraction, preconcentration, and determination of four selected alkaloids with an indole skeleton, i.e., harmine, harmaline, yohimbine, and ajmalicine, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The applicability of the method was demonstrated for tobacco and Tribulus terrestris plant tissue, the seeds of Peganum harmala, and extract from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia johimbe.
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Zheng, Chenxi, Weiliang Wen, Xianju Lu, Wushuai Chang, Bo Chen, Qiang Wu, Zhiwei Xiang, Xinyu Guo, and Chunjiang Zhao. "Three-Dimensional Wheat Modelling Based on Leaf Morphological Features and Mesh Deformation." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020414.
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The three-dimensional (3D) morphological structure of wheat directly reflects the interrelationship among genetics, environments, and cropping systems. However, the morphological complexity of wheat limits its rapid and accurate 3D modelling. We have developed a 3D wheat modelling method that is based on the progression from skeletons to mesh models. Firstly, we identified five morphological parameters that describe the 3D leaf features of wheat from amounts of 3D leaf digitizing data at the grain filling stage. The template samples were selected based on the similarity between the input leaf skeleton and leaf templates in the constructed wheat leaf database. The leaf modelling was then performed using the as-rigid-as-possible (ARAP) mesh deformation method. We found that 3D wheat modelling at the individual leaf level, leaf group, and individual plant scales can be achieved. Compared with directly acquiring 3D digitizing data for 3D modelling, it saves 79.9% of the time. The minimum correlation R2 of the extracted morphological leaf parameters between using the measured data and 3D model by this method was 0.91 and the maximum RMSE was 0.03, implying that this method preserves the morphological leaf features. The proposed method provides a strong foundation for further morphological phenotype extraction, functional–structural analysis, and virtual reality applications in wheat plants. Overall, we provide a new 3D modelling method for complex plants.
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Dodd, J., and FD Panetta. "Seed production by skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Western Australia in relation to summer drought." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 4 (1987): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870689.
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Seed production in Forms A and C of C. juncea was measured at 11 wheatbelt sites in Western Australia and under glasshouse conditions. Most field-grown plants produced abundant viable seeds, even without substantial summer rainfall. Up to 27.6 x l03 seeds per plant were recorded, and their viability was frequently between 80 and 90%. Even in their first year, some plants produced more than 10000 seeds each. Through the summer, seed production often followed either a positively skewed, or a bimodal curve. Falls of rain in summer did not increase seed output or affect its quality in established plants. Exceptionally high air temperatures appeared to depress seed numbers and/or viability at several, but not all, sites. At the end of summer, when young plants were 9-12 months old, soil water extraction had occurred to 310 cm, indicating root penetration to this depth. Conservative water use by C. juncea during summer was indicated by low values of soil water depletion. In glasshouse-grown plants, simulated drought reduced seed numbers, viability, primary dormancy and seed weight, although the two forms responded differently. Given adequate winter rainfall to recharge soil water storage, C. juncea appears capable of producing large quantities of viable seeds throughout the Western Australian wheatbelt.
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Qi, Jianzhao, Dacheng Wang, Xia Yin, Qiang Zhang, and Jin-Ming Gao. "New Metabolite With Inhibitory Activity Against α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase From Endophytic Chaetomium globosum." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 7 (July 2020): 1934578X2094133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20941338.
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An efficient bioactive tracking separation strategy based on liquid-liquid extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed and used to isolate bioactive natural products from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum residing in Ginkgo biloba. Using HSCCC, the novel metabolite chaetoglobol acid (1) as well as 11 known compounds (2-12), including 6 chlorinated azaphilones and 3 cytochalasans, were successfully isolated. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated through spectroscopic analyses and HRESIMS data. Compound 1 possesses a rare C11-polyketide skeleton. All isolates were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities in vitro. Compound 1 showed high inhibition against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.04 μM), 18-fold higher than that of acarbose (IC50 = 54.74 μM), and also displayed moderate inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 22.18 μM). As the results indicated that 1 has inhibitory effects against both α-glucosidase and α-amylase, 1 may be a promising candidate for mediating type 2 diabetes.
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Kúsz, Norbert, Dóra Stefkó, Anita Barta, Annamária Kincses, Nikoletta Szemerédi, Gabriella Spengler, Judit Hohmann, and Andrea Vasas. "Juncaceae Species as Promising Sources of Phenanthrenes: Antiproliferative Compounds from Juncus maritimus Lam." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040999.
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Juncaceae family represents an abundant source of phenanthrenes. In continuation of our work aiming at the isolation of biologically active compounds from Juncaceae species, Juncus maritimus Lam. was subjected to phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. The isolation process was carried out by using combined extraction and chromatographic methods. The structures of the obtained chemical compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, 1D (1H, 13C-JMOD), and 2D (1H-1H-COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) NMR spectra. Four new [maritins A–D (1–4)] and seven known phenanthrenes (5–11) were isolated from the plant, of which two (4 and 11) are phenanthrene dimers composed of effusol monomers. Maritin C (3) has an unusual 4,5-ethanophenanthrene skeleton most likely produced by biosynthetic incorporation of a vinyl group into a cyclohexadiene ring. Compounds 1–11 were tested for their antiproliferative activity on seven human tumor cell lines (HeLa, HTM-26, T-47D, A2780, A2780cis, MCF-7, KCR) and one normal cell line (MRC-5) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The dimeric phenanthrenes showed strong antiproliferative activity against T-47D cells with IC50 values of 9.1 and 6.2 µM, respectively.
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Khalid, Ahsan, Zubair Hassan Awaisi, Muhammad Anas Sufian, Zainab Ahmed, Sameera Jamshed, and Umal Asim. "Frequency of Extractions in Various Skeletal Patterns in Orthodontic Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 10, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35488.
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Introduction: When the 20th century started Orthodontics was first recognized as a science. The removal or extraction of teeth destroys the ideal esthetics and occlusion, which was the base of orthodontic treatment plans. Edward Hartley Angle and his followers were not supporters of extraction due to this reason. Extreme dental or maxillary protrusion leading to facial deformities could be corrected by dental extraction was supported by Calvin Case who was a strong opponent of the Angle., for mainly analyzing the frequency of use of orthodontic extractions after evaluating the changes in the use of extraction in past years. The frequency of extractions was examined in relation to gender and Angle’s malocclusion classification.
Materials and Method: This is a retrospective observational study. It was conducted in Orthodontics Department of Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, from 2015 to 2020. In this study records from 1032 patients who reported to orthodontic department in Nishtar institute of dentistry Multan for fixed orthodontic treatment were taken. For data registration SPSS 20 (IBM Chicago Illinois) was used. Frequency of extractions with regards to gender, skeletal pattern and types of extraction pattern was determined. In order to assess the association among variables Chi square test was applied and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.
Result: In respect of extraction group, 222 (41.3%) were males and 316 (58.7%) were female and whereas in nonextraction group, 83 (16.8%) were males and 411 (83.2%) were females. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The frequency of extraction in reference to Angle’s classification was analyzed, and no significant difference was found (p=0.992). Frequency of extraction was highest in class-II division-I malocclusion, and the lowest frequency of orthodontic tooth extraction was seen in class-II division-II malocclusion.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results of our study that females had higher frequency of extractions as compared to males. Similarly, class II malocclusion patients had highest frequency while lowest frequency was in Class I malocclusions.
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Moser, Lorenz, Enrica Di Lorenzo, Marco Serafin, Giuliano Maino, Ute Schneider-Moser, Mauro Cozzani, and Alberto Caprioglio. "Maxillary premolars extraction or molar distalization with or without TADs: cephalometric evaluation of soft tissue changes in Class II treatment." South European Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 7, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sejodr7-23776.
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Introduction: Problem solving in Class II malocclusion treatment performed with premolars extractions or distalizing techniques in relation to the profile modification.
Aim: To cephalometrically compare soft tissue changes produced either by maxillary premolar extraction, tooth-borne Pendulum appliance or bone-borne MGBM appliance.
Materials and Methods: Both pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms of 89 skeletal Class II patients (36 M, 53 F), treated during pubertal growth spurt, were retrospectively selected. Three groups were formed based on the therapy performed: 30 patients had been treated with maxillary first premolars extraction (U4), 31 patients with a conventional tooth-borne distalizing with Pendulum appliance (PA), and 28 patients with a skeletally anchored distalizing appliance (MGBM). Soft tissue was analyzed comparing upper (UL) and lower (LL) lip’s points with regard to True Vertical Line (TVL) and Esthetic plane (E-plane). Skeletal and dental values have been recorded in order to cephalometrically compare ΔT2-T1 changes among groups and to correlate dental and skeletal changes to profile modifications. One-way ANOVA was employed to compare groups at T1. Paired sample t-tests were employed to assess significant intra- and intergroup differences between T2 and T1. Significance level was set at 0.05
Results: UL and LL showed a slight but not significant retrusion relative to TVL in all three groups. UL and LL distances to E-plane were not statistically significant among U4, PA, and MGBM groups. Independently of the treatment, UL was tangent to TVL in all groups. No statistically significant differences have been shown in skeletal records. Significant differences were recorded in Overjet among U4 than PA and MGBM groups.
Conclusions: Class II malocclusion treatment with maxillary first premolar extraction, conventional or skeletal distalization did not significantly affect the profile producing similar changes in the soft tissue.
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Yohana, Nelvi, Siti Bahirrah, and N. Nazruddin. "The changing of occlusal plane inclination in Class II malocclusion." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 53, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i3.p133-139.
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Background: Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion can be performed using extraction or non-extraction techniques. These treatments can cause changes in occlusal plane. Steep occlusal plane during corrective treatment generally relapses after active orthodontic treatment, resulting in unstable interdigitation. Purpose: This study aims to determine and evaluate changes in occlusal plane inclination in skeletal Class II malocclusion cases using extraction or non-extraction techniques of the permanent maxillary first premolar. Methods: The samples consisted of initial and final cephalometry of 40 adult patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion divided into two groups, namely extraction of the permanent maxillary first premolar and non-extraction group. The inclination of occlusal planes in both groups was measured using the ImageJ software, then the factors associated with these changes were observed. Furthermore, the occlusal plane inclination was compared between the extraction and non-extraction groups by using t-test. Results: The occlusal plane inclination in the non-extraction group increased slightly, while the inclination in the extraction group increased significantly (p = 0.017, p-value < 0.05). However, there was no correlation found in the occlusal plane inclination between the extraction and non-extraction groups (p = 0.07, p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: Class II malocclusion correction with either extraction or non-extraction of the maxillary first premolar increased the inclination of the occlusal plane. This study indicated that control of the occlusal plane inclination is highly essential.
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Chen, Xue Song, Cheng Wang, Xue Jun Xu, Hong Bo Zhu, and Shao Hua Jiang. "Skeleton-Based Feature Extraction Method for Two-Dimensional Potential Energy." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2051.
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A good feature extraction method can improve the performance of pattern recognition system or classification system. Using potential energy theory into binary image feature extraction and feature store is a new method for image processing. The skeleton can be better display the whole features of the object. In target recognition system, using potential energy of skeleton-point projection into the plane coordinate system. The method can be better to show a skeleton in the structural feature. In addition, it can better avoid the matrix storage redundancy. In all energy projection method, potential energy projection is better shown its superiority in the structure information, the time of consumption and the storage space. The skeleton potential energy can be used in target recognition and target classification field and so on.
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Harche, M., and A. M. Catesson. "Cell Wall Architecture in Alfa (Stipa Tenacissima L.) Fibres." IAWA Journal 6, no. 1 (1985): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000914.
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Mild extractions with methylamine were used to study cell wall architecture in bundle sheath and subpidermal fibres of alfa leaves. Short incubations allowed a better staining of wall polysaccharides. Rather long incubations (48 to 105 h.) were necessary to unmask the microfibrillar skeleton. Cell wall structure is shown to be polylamellate, plywood-like.
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Kafle, Dashrath, and Saruba Ulrich. "Skeleto-Dental Changes After Camouflage Treatment in Class II division 1 Adult Patients with Average Mandibular Plane Angle." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2011): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9364.
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Objective: To assess the skeleto-dental changes in adult Class II Division 1 patients with average mandibular plane angle after camouflage orthodontic treatment by premolars extraction.
Materials and Method: Total 30 adult female patients, aged between 20-40 years with Class II Division 1 malocclusion with average mandibular plane angle (Mp-SN: 30-38) were selected for the study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalographs were traced and different measurements are derived from skeletal and dental landmarks. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test using SPSS software version 16.00.
Results: SNA, SNB and ANB angles were reduced significantly. The maxillary length was also decreased significantly. However mandibular dimension was not changed significantly after camouflage treatment. The upper and lower incisors were significantly intruded whereas upper molar was slightly intruded and lower molar was significantly extruded. Antero-posteriorly, incisors were retracted significantly. Upper molars had negligible mesial movement however lower molars had moved mesially with statistical significance.
Conclusion: During camouflage treatment care should be taken on incisor retraction. The vertical control of the molar teeth is important during the treatment period to avoid worsening of the facial proportion.
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Zhang, Li Yi, Qun Wei, Wei Bo Yin, and Xing Guang Liu. "A Research on the Intelligent System of Plane Steel Gates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2554.
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The classification of the main structure is introduced in Hydraulic flat steel gates intelligent design system, shape parameters, attributes parameters and constraints forms of basic components are established, and method of collection, storage and extraction of associated information in related components is invented. Grid line is selected as the skeleton-driven to make all components associated. The methods above-mentioned are used to construct the intelligent design system of Hydraulic flat steel gates, which is built on the Autodesk Inventor, and in which the computation, modeling, automatic detailing are combined, and which has broad application prospects after successful application of certain steel gate design project.
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Ciftci, Volkan, Aslıhan Uzel, and Muharrem Cem Dogan. "Evaluation of Skeletal and Dental Effects of Lower Lingual Arches." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 42, no. 6 (January 1, 2018): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-42.6.13.
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Objective: A lower lingual arch is usually recommended as a holding device to maintain arch length and to prevent mesial migration of the mandibular first molars. Despite its widespread use, comparatively little is known about the effects of a lower lingual holding arch on preservation of lower arch dimensions and tooth position and the impact of the device on mandibular growth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects of the lower lingual holding arch with regard to arch dimension, positions of mandibular molars and incisors, and usual mandibular growth. Study design: Thirty-four children (18 males and 16 females) who needed space maintainers were included in the present study. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were missing second primary molars on one or both sides. Group I comprised 16 children (8 males and 8 females, average age 8.8 ± 0.9 years) with a missing second primary molar on one side; Group II comprised 18 children (10 males and 8 females, average age 8 ± 0.7 years) with extractions on both sides. Lateral cephalograms, dental pantomograms, and study casts of the patients were taken at the beginning and the end of the study period. Average treatment time was 20.4 ± 4 months. Results: Lower incisors moved forward and Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle (IMPA°) increased in both treatment groups. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found when comparing pre-treatment and post-treatment arch dimension and position of mandibular molars. Results were better for lingual arches with extraction on one side than with extraction on both sides Conclusions: A lingual arch seems to be an effective tool for maintaining arch length, and was not found to impair mandibular growth.
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Booij, Johan Willem, Marco Serafin, Rosamaria Fastuca, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Alberto Caprioglio. "Skeletal, Dental and Soft Tissue Cephalometric Changes after Orthodontic Treatment of Dental Class II Malocclusion with Maxillary First Molar or First Premolar Extractions." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11 (June 2, 2022): 3170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113170.
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The aim of the present retrospective study was evaluating skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes of two groups of Class II patients orthodontically treated with extractions of upper first premolars (U4 group) and upper first molars (U6 group). In total, 21 patient records (9M and 12F; mean age 12.5 ± 1.2 years) were selected for the U4 group, and 38 patient records (17M and 21F; mean age 13.2 ± 1.3 years) were recruited for the U6 group. Twenty cephalometric variables were analysed on standardised lateral cephalograms at baseline (T0) and at the end of orthodontic treatment (T1). Means and standard deviations (SDs) were calculated for both groups and increments were calculated. After revealing the normal distribution of data with the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student’s t-test was used to compare variables at T0 between groups. A paired t-test was used to analyse changes between time points within each group, and Student’s t-test to compare differences between groups at T1. Both groups showed a significant increase in the distance among upper second molars and the vertical pterygoid line (PTV-maxillary second molar centroid U6 group: 6.66 ± 5.00 mm; U4 group: 3.66 ± 2.20 mm). Moreover, the distance of upper incisors to the palatal plane significantly increased (PP-maxillary incisor tip U6 group: 1.09 ± 1.52 mm; U4 group: 0.20 ± 2.00 mm; p = 0.061). Significant changes were found for overjet (U6 group: −4.86 ± 1.62 mm; U4 group: −3.27 ± 1.90 mm; p = 0.001). The distance between upper lip and esthetic plane showed a significantly reduction in both groups (ULip-E Plane U6 group: −2.98 ± 1.65 mm; U4 group: −1.93 ± 1.57 mm). No statistically significant changes were found in sagittal or vertical skeletal values. The significantly larger reduction of upper lip protrusion and overjet in the U6 group compared to the U4 group suggests preferring molar extraction treatment for severe Class II with protrusive soft tissues’ profile and increased overjet. Since no differences on vertical values were found, an increased SN^GoGn angle should not be considered a discriminating factor for choosing molar extraction treatment.
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Cheng, Dongyang, Junchao Zhang, Dangjun Zhao, Jianlai Chen, and Di Tian. "Automatic Extraction of Indoor Structural Information from Point Clouds." Remote Sensing 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 4930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234930.
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We propose an innovative method with which to extract building interior structure information automatically, including ceiling, floor, and wall. Our approach outperforms previous methods in the following respects. First, we propose an approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) to find the ground plane, which is regarded as the new Cartesian plane. Second, to reduce the complexity of data processing, the data are projected into two dimensions and transformed into a binary image via the operation of an improved radius outlier removal (ROR) filter. Third, a traditional thinning algorithm is adopted to extract the image skeleton. Then, we propose a method for calculating slope through the nearest neighbor point. Moreover, the line is represented with the slopes to obtain information pertaining to the interior planes. Finally, the outline of the line is restored to a three-dimensional structure. The proposed method is evaluated in multiple scenarios, and the results show that the method is accurate (the maximum error of 0.03 m was in three scenarios) in indoor environments.
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Lu, Yun, Weihua Zhang, Bingjiao Zhao, and Yuehua Liu. "Vertical Control of a Severe Hyperdivergent Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with Steep Posterior Occlusal Plane in a Camouflage Case." Medicina 58, no. 9 (September 4, 2022): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091217.
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Severe hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusion may be ideally treated with orthognathic surgery in adult patients. Here, we report a camouflage treatment of a 23-year-old female patient. She was diagnosed with a skeletal Class II malocclusion with extreme high mandibular plane angle, retrusive mandible, steep posterior occlusal plane, anterior open bite, and severe overjet. The treatment plan included extraction of all second premolars and intrusion of the maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular posterior teeth using miniscrews. These contributed to an effective counterclockwise rotation of the mandible, decreased lower face height, and improvement in anterior overbite. This case report shows a vertical control strategy on severe hyperdivergent skeletal Class II malocclusions, which achieves well-controlled sagittal and vertical dimensions and a favorable facial appearance. The treatment and retention results were well balanced and aesthetically pleasing.
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Sangcharearn, Yasinee, and Christopher Ho. "Effect of Incisor Angulation on Overjet and Overbite in Class II Camouflage Treatment." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/111206-460.1.
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Abstract Objectives: To determine the amount of variation in overjet and overbite that may result from changes in upper and lower incisor angulations following upper first premolar extraction treatment in Class II malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Typodonts were set up to simulate a skeletal Class II occlusion treated with upper first premolar extractions. The upper incisor angulation was altered through a range from 100° to 120° to the palatal plane by 2° increments. The overjet and overbite were measured with every 2° of upper incisor angulation change. A regression analysis was performed on the experimental data, and the regression coefficients, slope, and intercept were estimated. Results: Excessive proclination of the lower incisors will result in an abnormal overjet and overbite relationship for any magnitude of upper incisor angulation. A normal lower incisor angulation facilitates the attainment of an optimal occlusion. Excessive palatal root torque of the upper incisors will result in an increase in overjet and a consequent decrease in overbite. If the upper incisors are excessively retroclined, an edge-to-edge incisor relationship will result. Conclusion: Class II camouflage treatment with upper first premolar extractions requires correctly angulated incisors to achieve optimal buccal segment interdigitation and incisor relationship. Labial root torque and interproximal reduction of the lower anterior teeth should be considered when the lower incisors are excessively proclined.
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Rahman, Norma Ab, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Aida Nur Ashikin Ab Rahman, and Wey Mang Chek. "Timely Combination Therapy of Skeletal and Dental Class II malocclusion with Temporary Anchorage Device and Mesially Impacted Mandibular 2ndMolars: A Case-Report." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 20, no. 3 (April 4, 2021): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v20i3.52818.
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Introduction: Patient is a 14 years old Chinese boy presented with skeletal Class II with incompetent lips, severe dental Class II malocclusion and severe crowding complicated with both sides mesio-angular impacted of mandibular 2nd molars.
Treatment Plan: Growth modification using functional appliance for skeletal Class II correction with maxillary arch expansion and correction of mandibular plane angle by intrusion of maxillary molars. Extraction of lower 1st premolars and 2nd molars on both sides was carried out in conjunction with fixed orthodontic alignment and to facilitate of spontaneous eruption of lower third molar. Midline correction was followed by space closure and finishing and detailing.
Results: Alignment of upper arch in the regained space with maxillary expansion without any extraction was done. Anterior maxillary dentitions were retracted using Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices (TSADs). In lower arch 1st molars were mesially protracted by using class II elastics. 3rd molars spontaneously erupted in the extraction space of 2nd molar. Midline corrected with good facial profile and competent lips.
Conclusions: Timely execution of expert treatment plan can bring cost effective and time saving results with minimum loss. By proper counseling, patient compliance and confidence can be boosted which could have a positive effect on the treatment outcome.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.682-690
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Ali, MW, and MZ Hossain. "Successful orthodontic treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion in a non growing patient : A case report." Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2, no. 2 (August 13, 2013): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i2.16165.
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Aim & objectives of the present case report was to evaluate the management of skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion in non growing patient with extraction of upper first premolars. Clinical and cephalometric evaluation revealed skeletal Class II division 1 malocclusion with severe maxillary incisor proclination, convex profile, average mandibular plane angle, incompetent lips, increased overjet and overbite. After extraction of upper 1st premolars, canine retraction was done which was followed by retraction of severely proclined upper anterior teeth by judicious control of third order bend in rectangular stainless steel arch wire with V loop . For anchorage management, intra oral anchorage with tip back & toe in bends in stainless steel arch wire was satisfactory. Following treatment marked improvement in patients smile, facial profile and lip competence were achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patients confidence and quality of life. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i2.16165 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2012; Vol-2, No.2, 41-45
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Yashwant V., Aniruddh, Ravi K., and Edeinton Arumugam. "Comparative evaluation of soft tissue changes in Class I borderline patients treated with extraction and nonextraction modalities." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 4 (August 2016): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.050-059.oar.
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Abstract Objective: To compare soft tissue changes in Class I borderline cases treated with extraction and nonextraction modalities. Methods: A parent sample of 150 patients with Class I dental and skeletal malocclusion (89 patients treated with premolar extraction and 61 patients without extraction) was randomly selected and subjected to discriminant analysis which identified the borderline sample of 44 patients (22 extraction and 22 nonextraction patients). Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalograms of the borderline subsample were analyzed using 22 soft tissue parameters. Results: Upper and lower lips were more retracted and thickness of the upper lip increased more in the borderline extraction cases (p < 0.01). The nasolabial angle became more obtuse and the interlabial gap was reduced in the borderline extraction cases (p < 0.01). Lower lip, interlabial gap and nasolabial angle showed no changes in the borderline nonextraction cases. Conclusion: The soft tissue parameters which can be used as guideline in decision making to choose either extraction or nonextraction in Class I borderline cases are upper and lower lip protrusion in relation to the E-plane and Sn-Pg' line, lower lip protrusion in relation to the true vertical line (TVL), upper lip thickness, nasolabial angle and interlabial gap.
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Tsutsui, Hideto, and Richard W. Jordan. "Modified cleaning method for biomineralized components." Journal of Micropalaeontology 37, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-249-2018.
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Abstract. The extraction and concentration of biomineralized components from sediment or living materials is time consuming and laborious and often involves steps that remove either the calcareous or siliceous part, in addition to organic matter. However, a relatively quick and easy method using a commercial cleaning fluid for kitchen drains, sometimes combined with a kerosene soaking step, can produce remarkable results. In this study, the method is applied to sediments and living materials bearing calcareous (e.g., coccoliths, foraminiferal tests, holothurian ossicles, ichthyoliths, and fish otoliths) and siliceous (e.g., diatom valves, silicoflagellate skeletons, and sponge spicules) components. The method preserves both components in the same sample, without etching or partial dissolution, but is not applicable to unmineralized components such as dinoflagellate thecae, tintinnid loricae, pollen, or plant fragments.
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Cole, Garrard, and Tony Waldron. "Purple Staining of Archaeological Human Bone: An Investigation of Probable Cause and Implications for Other Tissues and Artifacts." Journal of Anthropology 2016 (May 31, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9479051.
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Excavations in the 1990s at the medieval Chapter House of Worcester Cathedral, UK, revealed medieval human skeletal remains, some of which exhibited a distinctive purple coloration. The nature of the colored bone was investigated using solvents for stain extraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), plane polarized (PPL) and cross-polarized (XPL) light microscopy, and auto fluorescence (AF) microscopy. Normal bone from the cemetery was used as a control. The color does not arise from a stain soluble in normal organic solvents. EDX and XRD analysis showed no significant difference between purple and normal bone. XRF analysis shows the presence of trace levels of iron, manganese, zinc, and copper in the affected material. This exhibited a pink color in acid phase and a blue color in alkaline phase. These two states were reversible. The alkaline phase gradually changed irreversibly to yellow over time. These data suggest that the coloration is consistent with the presence of high levels of purple acid phosphatase (PAP) enzyme. The presence of trace amounts of iron, manganese, zinc, and copper suggests a plant or fungal origin for the putative PAP, possibly a member of the Aspergillus ficuum species.
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Marzal, Eliseo, Laura Sebastia, and Eva Onaindia. "On the Use of Temporal Landmarks for Planning with Deadlines." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 24 (May 11, 2014): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v24i1.13619.
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In this paper we present a temporal planning approach for handling problems with deadlines. The model relies on the extraction of temporal landmarks from the problem and the construction of a landmarks graph as a skeleton of the solution plan. A temporal landmark is a proposition that must be achieved in a solution plan to satisfy the problem deadline constraints. Each temporal landmark is associated to three temporal intervals, which are updated and propagated according to the landmarks orders and the deadline constraints. Then, the partial plans in the search tree that are not compliant with the information comprised in this graph are pruned. The experimental results will show that this approach is helpful to quickly detect unsolvable problems and it is also very effective to solve problems with deadlines in comparison to other state-of-the-art planners.
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da Costa, Jamile Silva, Waldemir Magno S. Andrade, Raphael O. de Figueiredo, Paulo Vinicius L. Santos, Jofre Jacob da Silva Freitas, William N. Setzer, Joyce Kelly R. da Silva, José Guilherme S. Maia, and Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo. "Chemical Composition and Variability of the Volatile Components of Myrciaria Species Growing in the Amazon Region." Molecules 27, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072234.
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Myrciaria (Myrtaceae) species have been well investigated due to their chemical and biological relevance. The present work aimed to carry out the chemotaxonomic study of essential oils of the species M. dubia, M. floribunda, and M. tenella, sampled in the Brazilian Amazon and compare them with the volatile compositions from other Myrciaria species reported to Brazil and Colombia. The leaves of six Myrciaria specimens were collected (PA, Brazil) during the dry season, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The main compounds identified in the essential oils were monoterpenes with pinane and menthane skeletons, followed by sesquiterpenes with caryophyllane and cadinane skeletons. Among the sampled Myrciaria specimens, five chemical profiles were reported for the first time: profile I (M. dubia, α-pinene, 54.0–67.2%); profile II (M. floribunda, terpinolene 23.1%, α-phellandrene 17.7%, and γ-terpinene 8.7%); profile III (M. floribunda, γ-cadinene 17.5%, and an unidentified oxygenated sesquiterpene 15.0%); profile IV (M. tenella, E-caryophyllene 43.2%, and α-humulene 5.3%); and profile V (M. tenella, E-caryophyllene 19.1%, and caryophyllene oxide 41.1%). The Myrciaria chemical profiles showed significant variability in extraction methods, collection sites, plant parts, and genetic aspects.
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Yagi, Masakazu, Hiroko Ohno, and Kenji Takada. "Computational Formulation of Orthodontic Tooth-Extraction Decisions." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/081908-439.1.
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Abstract Objective: To develop a mathematical model that simulates optimum site(s) for tooth extraction and to examine what kinds of dentoskeletal traits, in the model, influence optimizing decisions for extraction site(s). Materials and Methods: Conventional orthodontic records were obtained for 193 women who had received orthodontic tooth-extraction treatments judged as excellent treatment outcomes. The feature vector-elements that represented dentoskeletal traits, and weights of their contributions to achieving optimum simulation in the model, were determined. Results: The rate of coincidence between recommendations made by the optimized model and the actual judgments was found to be 86.0%. The elements that were sensitive to increasing the rate of coincidence and corresponding weights in judging the site(s) of tooth extraction were: protrusiveness of the upper and lower incisors (2.0), overjet and overbite (1.5), the membership grade for the skeletal Class II jaw relationship, molar relationship in the sagittal direction, the mandibular plane angle, and the severity of tooth crowding in the lower dentition (1.0). The remaining 10 feature vector-elements were also found to be indispensable for the model. Conclusions: A mathematical model that simulates optimum site(s) for orthodontic tooth extraction, with a high agreement rate (86.0%) between the system's recommendations and the actual judgments given by orthodontists, was developed. The dentoskeletal structural traits that affected optimizing decisions for orthodontic tooth-extraction site(s) were formulated and subdivided into five major categories, ie, the sagittal dentoskeletal and soft tissue relationship, the vertical dentoskeletal relationship, the transverse dental relationship, the intra-arch conditions, and the pathological conditions.
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Deng, Changqing, Xiangyu Zhang, and Xiaoli Liu. "Virtual shoe test system." ITM Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224701026.
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In order to solve the problem of uncomfortable wearing shoes caused by foot type or shoe type of consumers, a virtual shoe test system is developed based on computer graphics knowledge. If the online shoe test has problems, it can provide personal customization for consumers. Firstly, the shoe database is constructed to store shoe last model and key parts data for data comparison and fast data query. Secondly, the method based on OBB and AABB bounding box and plane fitting is proposed. Based on the foot bottom surface, combined with the foot shape law and foot skeleton composition of Chinese people, the automatic extraction of key data and the automatic matching of foot and shoe last are realized. Finally, the OpenGL function is realized in the MFC program, and the 3D visualization of shoes and boots is realized. The mouse control function is added to the system, which improves the human-computer interaction experience.
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Khan, Azher Nawaz, and Irm Bhat. "Extraction, Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites of Rumex Nepalensis Roots." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6-s (December 15, 2018): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2092.
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In the Indian ayurvedic system of medicine, Rumex nepalensis Spreng. (Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. They act as a possible food supplement and are largely used in pharmaceutical industry. Extracts and metabolites from this plant exhibits pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, purgative, analesic, antipyretic, anti-algal, central nervous system depressant, genotoxic, wound healing and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Due to its remarkable biological activities, it has the potential to act as a rich source of drug against life threatening diseases. The aim of the present study is to examine Rumex nepalensis roots for phytochemical profile. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The total phenolics content of roots ethanolic extract was (1.658 mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (1.048mg/100mg). The present study concluded that the crude extract of Rumex nepalensis is a potential source of various activates and this justifies its use in folkloric medicine.
Keywords: Rumex nepalensis, Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis, TPC, TFC, Folins Ciocalteau
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Rizvi, HM, MM Rana, ME Haq, RCS Dorth, and MZ Hossain. "Orthodontic Treatment of Dental Open Bite in an Adult: A Case Report." Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2013): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i1.15973.
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Case report of an adult Bangladeshi male aged 26 years who complained about ineffective chewing of food and unpleasant aesthetic look. The patient was diagnosed to have a 4 mms of anterior dental open bite on skeletal Class I with normal mandibular plane and palatal plane angles. Treatment was orthodontics alone with non-extraction. The main mechanics used to close the anterior open bite, were by the conventional aligning, leveling and arch contraction by standard edgewise technique. The result showed that it was possible to correct the open bite within a short period; however, the appliance was difficult to clean. The treatment was complete after 2 years with positive overbite of 3 mms and acceptable occlusion. The patient was happy with his new appearance and function. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i1.15973 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2010; Vol-1, No.1, 16-21
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Henick, Douglas, Willy Dayan, Robert Dunford, Stephen Warunek, and Thikriat Al-Jewair. "Effects of Invisalign (G5) with virtual bite ramps for skeletal deep overbite malocclusion correction in adults." Angle Orthodontist 91, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/072220-646.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To investigate the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Invisalign's G5 protocol with virtual bite ramps in the treatment of adults with skeletal deep bites. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted on consecutively treated adults presenting with skeletal deep bites as defined by the Overbite Depth Indicator (ODI). Subjects were divided into 2 groups: Invisalign group (n = 24) treated with the Invisalign G5 protocol and a full fixed appliance (FFA) group (n = 24) treated with edgewise FFAs and matched to the Invisalign group by ODI, sex, type of malocclusion, and non-extraction treatment. Pretreatment (T1) and post–comprehensive treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms were obtained and analyzed. Results Both the Invisalign and FFA groups showed significant changes from T1 to T2 in ODI and other skeletal and dentoalveolar measurements. The mean change in ODI was −1.5° (P < .001) for the Invisalign group and −2.0° (P < .001) for the FFA group. The mean decrease in overbite was 1.3 mm (P < .001) and 2.0 mm (P < .001) for the Invisalign and FFA groups, respectively. The mean increase in mandibular plane angle (Sn-GoGn) was 0.65° (P = .003) for the Invisalign group and 1.15° (P < .001) for the FFA group. When the groups were compared with each other, both ODI (P = .03) and overbite (P = .003) were significantly different in addition to other measurements. Conclusions Although FFA treatment had more apparent skeletal changes for deep bite adult patients when compared with Invisalign, both systems were effective in opening deep bites at dentoalveolar and skeletal levels.
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Volodin, V. "Optimization design of elastomeric locks." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2020-2-s-i-220-223.
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This paper discusses the development of small boats made of polymeric composites in combination with metal skeleton based on detachable elastic connections. Lock material was polyethylene with hyperelastic properties of an elastomer. Static calculation is performed as per the finite-element method in plane formulation taking into account contact, geometric and physical non-linearity, as well as implementing a step-wise procedure. Design calculation is performed as per the research method approximating the sub-task (quadratic programming). The paper presents calculations for the process of inserting/extracting a rigid bar with round free flange to/from the lock, with determination of maximum responses, strains and stresses of the insert. Variation of geometric parameters yielded a design variant with minimum load on the insert and the same strength properties as the initial design. The study also yielded the analytical design methodology for elastic detachable connections that combines the solutions to non-linear contact problem and the optimization problem.
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Nuzillard, Jean-Marc, and Vicente de Paulo Emerenciano. "Automatic Structure Elucidation through Data Base Search and 2D NMR Spectral Analysis." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100111.
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This work shows how two expert systems, LSD and SISTEMAT, can be used together to solve structure elucidation problems that were selected from recent literature articles. The LSD system is a structure generator that mainly relies on homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR data. It lacks the knowledge of chemical shift values and of natural product chemistry. Conversely, the SISTEMAT data base contains about 20000 natural compounds and refers to both their 13C NMR chemical shifts and their botanical origin. When exploited by dedicated computer programs it yields structural constraints such as skeletal types and ring systems. The botanical and spectroscopic data in SISTEMAT proved to be very complementary in the constraints extraction process. Several application examples of the proposed methodology are described in detail.
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Li, Yajun, Qingchun Feng, Jiewen Lin, Zhengfang Hu, Xiangming Lei, and Yang Xiang. "3D Locating System for Pests’ Laser Control Based on Multi-Constraint Stereo Matching." Agriculture 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060766.
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To achieve pest elimination on leaves with laser power, it is essential to locate the laser strike point on the pest accurately. In this paper, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), similar in color to the host plant, was taken as the object and the method for identifying and locating the target point was researched. A binocular camera unit with an optical filter of 850 nm wavelength was designed to capture the pest image. The segmentation of the pests’ pixel area was performed based on Mask R-CNN. The laser strike points were located by extracting the skeleton through an improved ZS thinning algorithm. To obtain the 3D coordinates of the target point precisely, a multi-constrained matching method was adopted on the stereo rectification images and the subpixel target points in the images on the left and right were optimally matched through fitting the optimal parallax value. As the results of the field test showed, the average precision of the ResNet50-based Mask R-CNN was 94.24%. The maximum errors in the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis were 0.98, 0.68, and 1.16 mm, respectively, when the working depth ranged between 400 and 600 mm. The research was supposed to provide technical support for robotic pest control in vegetables.
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Ouyang, Shuyu, Shuting Yu, and Yingying Le. "Current Advances in Immunoassays for the Detection of β2-Agonists." Foods 11, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11060803.
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β2-agonists are a group of synthetic phenylethanolamine compounds which are traditionally used for treating bronchospasm. These compounds can also increase skeletal muscle mass and decrease body fat. The illegal use of β2-agonists in food-producing animals results in residue of β2-agonists in edible tissues and causes adverse health effects in humans. Thus, the detection of β2-agonists at trace level in complex sample matrices is of great importance for monitoring the abuse of β2-agonists. Many methods have been developed to detect β2-agonists. Among them, a variety of antigen–antibody interaction-based techniques have been established to detect β2-agonists in various samples, including animal feed, urine, serum, milk, tissues and hair. In this review, we summarized current achievement in the extraction of β2-agonists from testing samples and detection of β2-agonists using immunological techniques. Future perspectives were briefly discussed.
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Wheto, M., O. O. Ismaila, M. A. Adeleke, A. S. Adenaike, S. O. Peters, A. Yakubu, A. O. Adebambo, C. O. N. Ikeobi, and O. A. Adebambo. "Sequence analyses of insulin-like growth factor 1 gene in Nigerian indigenous and arbor acre chickens." Genetika 53, no. 1 (2021): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2101271w.
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Alpha % Indigenous chicken % Gene % Sequence KR nema The chicken Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a candidate gene for growth, body composition and metabolism, skeletal characteristics and growth of adipose tissue and fat deposition in chickens. It is mapped to 165.95 cM on chromosome 1 and composed of four exons and three introns, spanning more than 50 kb. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from the experimental birds using Qiagen DNA extraction kits. Polymersae chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using established primers. The PCR amplicon involving 5?untranslated region were sequenced. The sequences were analysed to identify polymorphisms, their genetic diversities and evolutionary relationships among three strains of Nigerian indigenous chickens [Frizzle Feathered (7), Normal Feathered (19) and Naked Neck (19), and the Arbor Acre broiler chicken (17)]. Nucleotide sequences generated were edited and aligned using Codon Code Aligner. Diversity analysis was done using DnaSp while MEGA6 software was used to plot phylogenetic tree using maximum likelihood method. A total of nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected from 560 bp portions of the 5?UTR among the four chicken populations studied with none detected in the Frizzle feathered chicken. The Naked neck chicken had the highest number of SNP?s (13), haplotypes (6), haplotype diversity (0.778), nucleotide diversity (0.00487), average number of nucleotide differences (2.725), highest number of polymorphic (segregating) sites (13), parsimony informative site (5) and singleton variable site (8). The Naked neck chicken therefore had the highest rate of mutation and degree of allelic variation compared to other chicken strains used in this study. The phylogenetic tree showed that small genetic differentiation exists among the chicken populations studied. Some of the SNPs are newly discovered; hence, association between these alleles and productive traits in Nigerian native chickens is desirable in future studies.
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Liu, Dawei, Jing Li, Feifei Lei, Xuedong Wang, and Yanheng Zhou. "Dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes associated with miniscrew anchorage in customized lingual orthodontics." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 1 (September 10, 2018): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518795541.
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Objectives The goal of this study was to analyze skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes of patients treated with customized lingual systems and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of miniscrew anchorage. Methods Nine upper first premolar extraction patients who were treated with customized lingual appliances were included in this study. Miniscrews were used for reinforcement of molar anchorage. Cephalometric films and study models were obtained before treatment (T1), after alignment (T2), and after treatment (T3). Treatment effects were analyzed by cephalometric radiographs and study models. Results The upper anterior teeth were retracted significantly at T2 and T3 (4.41 ± 4.14 mm and 5.51 ± 2.48 mm, respectively). During space closure, the upper first molars showed slight mesial movement (1.50 ± 1.97 mm). The intercanine width of the upper arch increased at T2 (1.59 ± 1.81 mm), but decreased at T3 (0.11 ± 1.00 mm). The sella-nasion-A, A-nasion-B, and mandibular plane angles were not significantly changed at T3. The upper lip showed continuous retraction at both T2 and T3 (1.40 ± 1.46 mm and 2.32 ± 2.48 mm, respectively). Conclusions By using miniscrew anchorage for lingual orthodontics, patients’ dental and soft tissue changes considerably improved and molar anchorage was reinforced.
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Xu, Yanhua, and Jiye Xie. "Comparison of the effects of mini-implant and traditional anchorage on patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 2 (September 29, 2016): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/051016-375.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the treatment effects of mini-implants as anchor units with conventional methods of anchorage reinforcement in maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion patients in terms of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes. Materials and Methods: We searched the databases of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, OVIDSP, CBM, VIP, WanFang Data, and CNKI covering December 1966 to March 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials that compared the treatment effects of mini-implants with conventional anchorage reinforcement in maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion patients. Literature filtering, data extraction, and methodological quality evaluation were finished independently by two researchers and disagreements were solved by discussion. Meta-analysis was performed when possible; otherwise descriptive assessment was done. Results: Through a predefined search strategy, we finally included 14 eligible studies. Eight outcomes were evaluated in this study: maxillary incisor retraction, maxillary molar movement, U1-SN, SNA, SN-MP, UL-E Plane, NLA and G-Sn-Pg. Conclusions: Mini-implant anchorage was more effective in retracting the anterior teeth, produced less anchorage loss, and had a greater effect on SN-MP for the high-angle patients than did traditional anchorage. Both mini-implants and traditional anchorage underwent decreases in on U1-SN and SNA. More qualified RCTs are required to make reliable recommendations about the anchorage capacity of mini-implant and traditional anchorage in patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, especially on the UL-E plane, NLA, and G-Sn-Pg.
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Bloch, R. J. "Actin at receptor-rich domains of isolated acetylcholine receptor clusters." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 1447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.4.1447.
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Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters of cultured rat myotubes, isolated by extraction with saponin (Bloch, R. J., 1984, J. Cell Biol. 99:984-993), contain a polypeptide that co-electrophoreses with purified muscle actins. A monoclonal antibody against actin reacts in immunoblots with this polypeptide and with purified actins. In indirect immunofluorescence, the antibody stains isolated AChR clusters only at AChR domains, strips of membrane within clusters that are rich in receptor. It also stains the postsynaptic region of the neuromuscular junction of adult rat skeletal muscle. Semiquantitative immunofluorescence analyses show that labeling by antiactin of isolated analyses show that labeling by antiactin of isolated AChR clusters is specific and saturable and that it varies linearly with the amount of AChR in the cluster. Filaments of purified gizzard myosin also bind preferentially at AChR-rich regions, and this binding is inhibited by MgATP. These experiments suggest that actin is associated with AChR-rich regions of receptor clusters. Depletion of actin by extraction of isolated clusters at low ionic strength selectively releases the actin-like polypeptide from the preparation. Simultaneously, AChRs redistribute within the plane of the membrane of the isolated clusters. Similarly, brief digestion with chymotrypsin reduces immunofluorescence staining and causes AChR redistribution. Treatments that deplete AChR from clusters in intact cells also reduce immunofluorescent staining for actin in isolated muscle membrane fragments. Upon reversal of these treatments, cluster reformation occurs in regions of the membrane that also stain for actin. I conclude that actin is associated with AChR domains and that changes in this association are accompanied by changes in the organization of isolated AChR clusters.
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Legzdiņš, Normunds, Danute Labeikytė, and Nikolajs Sjakste. "Electrophoretic pattern of the polypeptide component in the tight DNA-protein complexes in rat and chicken tissues and its partial characterisation in rat liver." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 64, no. 5-6 (January 1, 2010): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-011-0003-7.
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Electrophoretic pattern of the polypeptide component in the tight DNA-protein complexes in rat and chicken tissues and its partial characterisation in rat liverTightly bound to DNA proteins (TBP) are a protein group that remain attached to DNA with covalent or non-covalent bonds after its deproteinisation. The distribution of TBP in genes reflects the type of cell differentiation. It has been hypothesised that TBP binding is involved in regulation of gene expression. Early studies reported uniformity of the TBPs from different sources. Later it was shown that TBPs obtained from DNA, isolated in mild conditions from evolutionary distant species, are different. Application of chloroform DNA extraction without use of externally added enzymes enabled us to reveal differences in the TBP spectrum in plant organs and changes of this spectrum in the course of plant development. The goal of this work was to study the electrophoretic pattern of the polypeptide component in the tight DNA-protein complexes in organs of animals: a mammal (rat) and a bird (chicken). Rat thymus TBPs were represented by 70 and 60 kDa proteins, and the same polypeptides were observed also in brain and skeletal muscles. Kidney TBPs were represented by 85, 70, 65, 60 and 37 kDa polypeptides; 85, 77, 70, 60, 50 and 37 kDa TBPs were characteristic of liver. Numerous minor peptides were observed in all samples studied. The spectrum of chicken liver and blood TBPs differed in distribution of proteins of 25-35 kDa. Mass-spectrometry of 14 bands from rat liver TBP gel revealed 43 different proteins. Chromatin modifying proteins and repair enzymes, transcription factors, serpins, ATPase, kinases and enzymes of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were found among the TBPs. Thus, TBPs appear to be a vast protein group involved in several intranuclear processes. It is hypothesised that numerous functions ascribed to the nuclear matrix are performed in the TBP complexes.
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Sultana, Naznin, Md Nazmul Hasan, Gazi Shamim Hassan, Mir Abu Naim, and Nasrin Akther. "Orthodontic camouflage management of a class II malocclusion with excessive overjet- A case report." Update Dental College Journal 3, no. 1 (February 17, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v3i1.17984.
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In orthodontic practice various treatment modalities have been presented for the treatment for the class II, div 1malocclusions. Recently a large number of young adults have been seeking shorter, cost effective and a non surgical correction of Class II malocclusions and they accept dental camouflage as a treatment option to mask the skeletal discrepancy .This case report presents one such case, a 15years old growing male who has Class II div I malocclusion with sever maxillary incisor proclination, convex profile ,high mandibular plane angle, incompetent lips, increased overjet& overbite, over retained upper left deciduous canine ,impacted upper left canine and a supernumerary tooth in canine region. We considered the camouflage treatment by extracting the upper right first premolar, left impacted canine, deciduous canine and supernumerary tooth. Following the treatment, a satisfactory result was achieved with an ideal, static and a functional occlusion, facial profile, acceptable smile, competent lip and stable treatment results. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v3i1.17984 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2013; 3 (1): 41-45
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Fu, Yu, Ruiqin Sun, Jingfan Yang, Lili Wang, Peng Zhao, and Suiqing Chen. "Characterization and Quantification of Phenolic Constituents in Peach Blossom by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-DAD." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 1934578X1988443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19884437.
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Peach blossom comes from the flower of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, which is used as herbal tea and medicine in China and Korea. It could promote defecation and alleviate the abdominal pain. In this paper, the methods, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method coupled with electrospray ionization hybrid linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (LTQ OrbitrapMS) and UPLC system coupled with a diode array detector (DAD), were developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the flavonoids and phenolic acids in peach blossoms. Eight standards were divided into 3 types according to their basic skeletons: phenolic acids, quercetin-type flavonoids, and kaempferol-type flavonoids. The MSn fragmentation behaviors and diagnostic ions of these 3 types of compounds were proposed to aid the structural identification of components in peach blossom extract. By extracting the diagnostic ions from the mass spectrum in negative mode, a total of 25 compounds, including 8 phenolic acids and 17 flavonoids, were screened out. Among these compounds, 5 compounds (chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, hyperoside, and isoquercetrin) were quantitated by UPLC-DAD. The linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were validated for the quantification method. The validated method was applied to assay 9 batches of peach blossoms from different regions. This study was the first report on the systematic qualitative analysis of compounds in peach blossom, providing insights into the quality control of peach blossom.
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N., Girish, Anil Kumar K. V., and Beere Nagaraju. "Investigation of anti-arthritic potential of Acacia torta (roxb.) craib." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20173282.
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Background: Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib, traditionally used in respiratory, circulatory, digestive, musculo-skeletal, skin diseases etc., Numerous plants of this genus have been used in folk medicine to treat stomach pain, cough, diarrhoea, piles, sore-throat; as astringent, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiviral, anti-oxidant and as anti-hypertensive. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the anti‐arthritic potential of Acacia Torta (Roxb.) Craib, since, systematic study of this plant has not been carried out.Methods: Ethanol and water were used to prepare stem extract by soxhlet extraction method. The extract is evaluated by using Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis in albino wistar rats at the dose of 100mg/kg/p.o. and 400mg/kg/p.o. and indomethacin at 10mg/kg were used for the study.Results: The hydro alcoholic extract of the stem Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib in crude form contains phytoconstituents like saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenes. The reference standard, Indomethacin at the dose of 10 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of paw edema by 71.61% (P <0.001), as compared to the vehicle control. Treatment with the hydro alcoholic extract of stem Acacia Torta at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg caused significant inhibition of paw edema by 59.26% (P <0.001) and 69.14% (P <0.001) respectively, was observed on 21st day, as compared to the vehicle control.Conclusions: The data obtained from the present study indicated that several factors may contribute to the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of hydro alcohol extract of the stem Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib. adjuvant induced arthritis showed inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis might be the major mechanism by which the hydro alcoholic extract of the stem Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib exerts anti-inflammatory and arthritic activity.
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Antonacci, Marina, Jacopo Raffaele Dibenedetto, Fatima Maqoud, Gerardo Centoducati, Nicola Colonna, Francesco Leonetti, and Domenico Tricarico. "Counteractions of a Novel Hydroalcoholic Extract from Lens Culinaria against the Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoblast Loss of Native Murine Cells." Cells 11, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11192936.
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The cytoprotective effects of a novel hydroalcoholic extract (0.01–5 mg/mL) from Lens culinaria (Terre di Altamura Srl) were investigated within murine native skeletal muscle fibers, bone marrow cells, and osteoblasts, and in cell lines treated with the apoptotic agent staurosporine (2.14 × 10−6 M), the alkylating drug cisplatin (10−4 M), the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (10−4 M), the antimitotic pro-oxidant doxorubicin (10−6 M), and the immunosuppressant dexamethasone (2 × 10−6 M). An amount of 10g of plant material was used to obtain a 70% ethanol/water product, following two-step extraction, evaporation, lyophilization, and storage at −20 °C. For the murine osteoblasts, doxorubicin reduced survival by −65%, dexamethasone by −32% and −60% after 24 and 48 h of incubation time, respectively. The extract was effective in preventing the osteoblast count-reduction induced by dexamethasone; it was also effective at preventing the inhibition of mineralization induced by dexamethasone. Doxorubicin and cisplatin caused a significant reduction in cell growth by −77% for bone marrow cells, −43% for irinotecan, and −60% for dexamethasone, but there was no evidence for the cytoprotective effects of the extract in these cells. Staurosporine and doxorubicin caused a fiber death rate of >−40% after 18 and 24 h of incubation, yet the extract was not effective at preventing these effects. The extract was effective in preventing the staurosporine-induced reduction of HEK293 proliferation and colony formation in the crystal violet DNA staining and the clonogenic assays. It was also effective for the cisplatin-induced reduction in HEK293 cell proliferation. The extract, however, failed to protect the SHSY5Y neurons against cisplatin and irinotecan-induced cytotoxicity. A UV/VIS spectroscopy analysis showed three peaks at the wavelengths of 350, 260, and 190 nm, which correspond to flavonoids, proanthocyanins, salicylates, and AA, constituting the extract. These data suggest the possible development of this extract for use against dexamethasone-induced bone loss and renal chemotherapy-induced damage.
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Mustafa, MT. "Treatment of A Class II Malocclusion Case having Low Mandibular Angle & Deep Bite with Inter-arch Elastics and Reverse Curve Archwire." Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education 3, no. 1 (October 14, 2013): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i1.16596.
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Inter-arch elastics and reverse curve arch wire can be used successfully in the treatment of deep bite malocclusions and are two of the most common methods available for treating class II malocclusions . Careful diagnosis and treatment planning is primordial for choosing the right treatment modality which can vary from patient to patient. The subject treated in this study was a 14 years old female patient with a Class II division 2 Angles malocclusion having a skeletal deep bite of around 6 mm and an overjet of 1.5mm, deep curve of spee, coinciding upper and lower arch midlines with that of the facial midline. After analysis made, the case was treated without any extraction due to the fact that she was a low mandibular angle patient with minimal amount of crowding in both the arches and also a Combination Factor of 171.5° (greater than 155.9°) which represents the balance of both the vertical and horizontal dimensions. The Anterior Posterior Dysplasia Indicator value fell within the normal range indicating a Class I horizontal maxillo-mandibular relationship. The duration of the treatment was around 20 months. After achieving the goals of the treatment, cephalogram was taken and the pre and post treatment variables compared. The correction of the deep overbite condition was achieved successfully along with the correction of the molar relationship into a Class I malocclusion. U1-SN has increased by 50.0 and L1-NA increased by 4.50 together with a decrease in the inter-incisal angle by 8.50 contributing to a decrease in bite depth. The assessment of the cephalometric findings showed that the lower anterior facial height change was minimal but not insignificant partly due to the continued growth of the mandible which can be confirmed through the values of FMA which shows an increase in 20.0, Facial Height Index dropping from 0.89 to 0.88 and the TPFH:TAFH values decreasing by 0.8%. But this change was not enough to have a positive impact on the facial appearance of the subject. Change in the molar relationship was aided by the use of inter-arch elastics and the deep bite correction facilitated by the slight rotation of the occlusal plane caused by extrusion of lower first molar along with the flaring of the lower incisors induced through the use of the reverse curve arch wire. So it was confirmed that the combined use of inter arch elastics & reverse curve arch wire help to correct the class II division 2 malocclusion along with some improvement for increasing the lower anterior facial height.
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Deng, Jiawen, Umaima Abbas, Oswin Chang, Thanansayan Dhivagaran, Stephanie Sanger, and Anthony Bozzo. "Antidiabetic and antiosteoporotic pharmacotherapies for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes-induced bone disease: protocol for two network meta-analyses." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e034741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034741.
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IntroductionPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at risk for a variety of severe debilitating effects. One of the most serious complications experienced by patients with T2DM are skeletal diseases caused by changes in the bone microenvironment. As a result, patients with T2DM are at risk for higher prevalence of fragility fractures. There are a variety of treatments available for counteracting this effect. Some antidiabetic medications, such as metformin, have been shown to have a positive effect on bone health without the addition of additional drugs into patients’ treatment plans. Chinese randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies have also proposed antiosteoporotic pharmacotherapies as a viable alternative treatment strategy. Previous network meta-analyses (NMAs) and meta-analyses regarding this topic did not include all available RCT trials, or only performed pairwise comparisons. We present a protocol for a two-part NMA that incorporates all available RCT data to provide the most comprehensive ranking of antidiabetics (part I) and antiosteoporotic (part II) pharmacotherapies in terms of their ability to decrease fracture incidences, increase bone mineral density (BMD) and improve indications of bone turnover markers (BTMs) in adult patients with T2DM.Methods and analysisWe will search Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Chinese literature sources (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP Information, Wanfang Data, Wanfang Med Online) for RCTs, which fit our criteria. We will include adult patients with T2DM who have taken antidiabetics (part I) or antiosteoporotic (part II) therapies with relevant outcome measures in our study. We will perform title/abstract and full-text screening as well as data extraction in duplicate. Risk of bias will be evaluated in duplicate for each study, and the quality of evidence will be examined using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis in accordance to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. We will use R and gemtc to perform the NMA. We will report changes in BMD and BTMs in either weighted or standardised mean difference, and we will report fracture incidences as ORs. We will use the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve scores to provide numerical estimates of the rankings of interventions.Ethics and disseminationThe study will not require ethics approval. The findings of the two-part NMA will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. We aim to produce the most comprehensive quantitative analysis regarding the management of T2DM bone disease. Our analysis should be able to provide physicians and patients with up-to-date recommendations for antidiabetic medications and antiosteoporotic pharmacotherapies for maintaining bone health in patients with T2DM.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019139320.
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Fu, Yuxing, Yuyang Xia, Huiming Zhang, Meng Fu, Yong Wang, Wei Fu, and Congju Shen. "Skeleton extraction and pruning point identification of jujube tree for dormant pruning using space colonization algorithm." Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (January 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1103794.
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The dormant pruning of jujube is a labor-intensive and time-consuming activity in the production and management of jujube orchards, which mainly depends on manual operation. Automatic pruning using robots could be a better way to solve the shortage of skilled labor and improve efficiency. In order to realize automatic pruning of jujube trees, a method of pruning point identification based on skeleton information is presented. This study used an RGB-D camera to collect multi-view information on jujube trees and built a complete point cloud information model of jujube trees. The space colonization algorithm acts on the global point cloud to generate the skeleton of jujube trees. The iterative relationship between skeleton points was represented by constructing a directed graph. The proposed skeleton analysis algorithm marked the skeleton as the trunk, the primary branches, and the lateral branches and identified the pruning points under the guidance of pruning rules. Finally, the visual model of the pruned jujube tree was established through the skeleton information. The results showed that the registration errors of individual jujube trees were less than 0.91 cm, and the average registration error was 0.66 cm, which provided a favorable database for skeleton extraction. The skeleton structure extracted by the space colonization algorithm had a high degree of coincidence with jujube trees, and the identified pruning points were all located on the primary branches of jujube trees. The study provides a method to identify the pruning points of jujube trees and successfully verifies the validity of the pruning points, which can provide a reference for the location of the pruning points and visual research basis for automatic pruning.
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Wu, Sheng, Weiliang Wen, Boxiang Xiao, Xinyu Guo, Jianjun Du, Chuanyu Wang, and Yongjian Wang. "An Accurate Skeleton Extraction Approach From 3D Point Clouds of Maize Plants." Frontiers in Plant Science 10 (March 7, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00248.
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