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Journal articles on the topic 'Plant regulators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Carvalho, Deived Uilian de, Maria Aparecida da Cruz, Elisete Aparecida Fernandes Osipi, Conceição Aparecida Cossa, Ronan Carlos Colombo, and Maria Aparecida Fonseca Sorace. "PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON ATEMOYA SEEDS GERMINATION." Nucleus 15, no. 2 (October 30, 2018): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.2832.

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2

Végvári, György, and Edina Vidéki. "Plant hormones, plant growth regulators." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 26 (June 2014): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.29939.

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Plants seem to be rather defenceless, they are unable to do motion, have no nervous system or immune system unlike animals. Besides this, plants do have hormones, though these substances are produced not in glands. In view of their complexity they lagged behind animals, however, plant organisms show large scale integration in their structure and function. In higher plants, such as in animals, the intercellular communication is fulfilled through chemical messengers. These specific compounds in plants are called phytohormones, or in a wide sense, bioregulators. Even a small quantity of these endogenous organic compounds are able to regulate the operation, growth and development of higher plants, and keep the connection between cells, tissues and synergy beween organs. Since they do not have nervous and immume systems, phytohormones play essential role in plants’ life. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(26), 1011–1018.

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3

Fletcher, R. A. "Plant Biochemical Regulators." Journal of Environmental Quality 22, no. 1 (January 1993): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010031x.

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4

Gressel, J. "Plant Biochemical Regulators." Plant Science 85, no. 1 (January 1992): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(92)90105-u.

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5

Iwahori, Shuichi. "Plant biochemical regulators." Scientia Horticulturae 59, no. 3-4 (November 1994): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(94)90024-8.

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6

Dey, P. M. "Plant biochemical regulators." Phytochemistry 32, no. 1 (December 1992): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80145-5.

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7

Gubiš, J., Z. Lajchová, L. Klčová, and Z. Jureková. "Influence of growth regulators on plant regeneration in tomato." Horticultural Science 32, No. 3 (November 23, 2011): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3777-hortsci.

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We studied the effect of different plant growth regulators on in vitro regeneration and plant growth of three cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) from explants derived from hypocotyls and cotyledons of aseptically grown seedlings. The regeneration capacity was significantly influenced by cultivar and explant type. The highest number of shoots regenerated in both types of explants was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/dm<sup>3</sup> zeatin and 0.1 mg/dm<sup>3</sup> IAA. The cultivar UC 82 showed the best regeneration capacity on all types of used media. The most responsive explants were hypocotyls with 90–92% regeneration in dependence on the used cultivars and mean production from 0.18 to 0.38 shoots per explant.  

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8

Murti, G. S. R., and K. K. Upreti. "Plant Growth Regulators in Water Stress Tolerance." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v2i2.611.

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The present review provides an insight into the relationship between plant growth regulators and water stress with emphasis on metabolic events that regulate growth regulator balance and physiological responses. Possible mechanisms by which ABA controls stomatal function and growth under stress, and interacts with proteins and important osmo-protectants, have been discussed. ABA involvement in signal transduction and root-shoot communication through its effects on gene and gene products is also included. A brief description of involvement of other growth regulators such as cytokinins, ethylene, polyamines and brasssinosteroids in water stress tolerance is also provided. Salient achievements in exploiting the potential of growth regulators in the resistance to water stress in some horticultural crops are also given. Gaps in existing information on plant growth regulator research in water stress tolerance have been summarized.

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9

Shaw, Sabrina L., Eddie B. Williams, and William F. Hayslett. "303 Effect of Growth Regulators on the Growth and Performance of Celosia plumosus." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 494F—495. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.494f.

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Seedlings of Celosia plumosus `New Look', a new variety, were evaluated for their response to the recommended rates of three different plant growth regulators commonly used by growers. The plant growth regulators were B-nine, paclobutrazol, and uniconizole. These plant growth regulators were applied at the rate recommended by the manufacturer for this species. Group I, the control, was not treated with a plant growth regulator, but was sprayed with water at the same time the other treatments were applied. Plants were grown in 5-inch plastic pots in the greenhouse. Plant height was recorded before treatment and once weekly thereafter for the duration of the experiment. Upon termination of the experiment, plant top fresh weight and top dry weight were measured. Results showed that at the recommended rate for all three plant growth regulators, there were no significant difference in height or weight between the plant growth regulator-treated groups of plants or the control group. The only observable difference noted was in leaf coloration of the plants treated with plant growth regulators.

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10

Karneta, Railia, Nurlaili Fitri Gultom, Dewi Meidalima, and Nyimas Manisah. "Growth and Yield Response of Arumba (Zea mays L. Ceratina) Glutinous Corn Varieties Toward Ameliorants and Growth Regulators on Peatland." BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24233/biov.8.1.2022.247.

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Planting glutinous corn on peatland must be treated using ameliorant ingredients of manure fermented with EM4 and growth regulators. Ameliorated peatland can accelerate the supply of organic and mineral compounds which is easily absorbed by plants so that production can be optimized. This study aims to see the response of ameliorant ingredients and growth regulators on the growth and production of glutinous corn of Arumba (Zea mays L. Ceratina) variety on peatland. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) in factorial consisting of two factors, and three replications. The first factor was the ameliorant material (A), namely A0 = without ameliorant (control), A1 = cow manure fermented with EM4, A2 = chicken manure fermented with EM4, A3 = goat manure fermented with EM4 and he second factor is the type of Growth Regulatory Substance (ZPT), namely Z0 = without ZPT (control), Z1 = Superior Plant Hormone Growth Regulator (Ghost), Z2 = Harmonic Growth Regulatory Substance, Z3 = Atonic Growth Regulator Substance. The variables observed included plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), weight of wet bean (g), weight of ear (g), length of ear (cm) diameter of ear (cm). The results showed that the ameliorant material from chicken manure fermented with EM4 and the use of superior plant hormone growth regulators (phantoms) provide optimal growth and production of glutinous corn because it corresponds to the description of glutinous corn of the Arumba variety, and is the best treatment.

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11

Sakri, Faisal Abdulkadir, Noori Hassan Ghafor, and Hoshiar Abdula Aziz. "Effect of Some Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield Component of Wheat – Plants CV. Bakrajo." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2002): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10100.

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12

Hofmeister, Brandon. "Roles for State Energy Regulators in Climate Change Mitigation." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 2.1 (2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.2.1.roles.

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The construction of new power plants in the United States carries the risk of significantly contributing to global climate change. After concluding that the current federal regulatory response to climate change risks from power plants is inadequate, this Article examines three potential roles for state energy regulators to play as a bridge climate mitigation strategy until a cohesive federal policy is enacted. State energy regulators have received relatively little attention as potential climate change regulators, but they are well positioned to analyze and mitigate climate change risks from new power plants. The Article considers the advantages and drawbacks of state energy regulators considering greenhouse gas risks in traditional utility regulatory proceedings. It describes an innovative strategy used by the State of Michigan to incorporate state energy regulators into state environmental permitting proceedings. Finally, the Article considers a more dramatic proposal to merge energy and environmental considerations into a single power plant siting regulatory process where state energy regulators affirmatively decide what type of power plant to build and use a competitive bidding process to select a private owner of the plant.

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13

Sessa, Giovanna, Monica Carabelli, and Massimiliano Sassi. "The Ins and Outs of Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper/Hormone Networks in the Regulation of Plant Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (May 23, 2024): 5657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115657.

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The generation of complex plant architectures depends on the interactions among different molecular regulatory networks that control the growth of cells within tissues, ultimately shaping the final morphological features of each structure. The regulatory networks underlying tissue growth and overall plant shapes are composed of intricate webs of transcriptional regulators which synergize or compete to regulate the expression of downstream targets. Transcriptional regulation is intimately linked to phytohormone networks as transcription factors (TFs) might act as effectors or regulators of hormone signaling pathways, further enhancing the capacity and flexibility of molecular networks in shaping plant architectures. Here, we focus on homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) proteins, a class of plant-specific transcriptional regulators, and review their molecular connections with hormonal networks in different developmental contexts. We discuss how HD-ZIP proteins emerge as key regulators of hormone action in plants and further highlight the fundamental role that HD-ZIP/hormone networks play in the control of the body plan and plant growth.

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14

Tsygankova, VA, YaV Andrusevich, NM Vasylenko, VM Kopich, RM Solomyannyi, SV Popilnichenko, OP Kozachenko, SG Pilyo, and VS Brovarets. "The Use of Thioxopyrimidine Derivatives as New Regulators of Growth and Photosynthesis of Barley." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 8, no. 2 (July 2, 2024): 090–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001139.

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New synthetic compounds - thioxopyrimidine derivatives as regulators of vegetative growth and photosynthesis of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Acordine were studied. The growth-regulatory effect of new synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives, used in a concentration of 10-6M, was compared with the growth-regulatory effect of a plant hormone auxin IAA (1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid) or synthetic plant growth regulators, derivatives of sodium and potassium salts of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Methyur, Kamethur), N-oxide-2,6-dimethylpyridine (Ivin), used in a similar concentration of 10-6M. The conducted study showed the similarity of the growth-regulatory effects of synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives, the plant hormone auxin IAA, and synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur, Kamethur, and Ivin. Morphometric parameters (average length of shoots (mm), average length of roots (mm), and average biomass of 10 plants (g)) and biochemical parameters (content of photosynthetic pigments chlorophylls a, b, a+b and carotenoids (µg/ml)) of barley plants treated with the plant hormone auxin IAA or synthetic plant growth regulators Methyur, Kamethur, Ivin or thioxopyrimidine derivatives were increased after 4 weeks compared to control plants. The dependence of the growth-regulatory effect of synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives on their chemical structure was analyzed. The use of the synthetic plant growth regulators, derivatives of sodium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Methyur), potassium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine (Kamethur), N-oxide-2,6-dimethylpyridine (Ivin) and selected most active synthetic compounds, thioxopyrimidine derivatives for regulating the growth and photosynthesis of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety Acordine is proposed.

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15

Bai, Xue, Ruixing Zhang, Qi Zeng, Wenjing Yang, Fang Fang, Qingguo Sun, Chengtai Yan, Fangguan Li, Xifan Liu, and Baohua Li. "The RNA-Binding Protein BoRHON1 Positively Regulates the Accumulation of Aliphatic Glucosinolates in Cabbage." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 10 (May 13, 2024): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105314.

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Aliphatic glucosinolates are an abundant group of plant secondary metabolites in Brassica vegetables, with some of their degradation products demonstrating significant anti-cancer effects. The transcription factors MYB28 and MYB29 play key roles in the transcriptional regulation of aliphatic glucosinolates biosynthesis, but little is known about whether BoMYB28 and BoMYB29 are also modulated by upstream regulators or how, nor their gene regulatory networks. In this study, we first explored the hierarchical transcriptional regulatory networks of MYB28 and MYB29 in a model plant, then systemically screened the regulators of the three BoMYB28 homologs in cabbage using a yeast one-hybrid. Furthermore, we selected a novel RNA binding protein, BoRHON1, to functionally validate its roles in modulating aliphatic glucosinolates biosynthesis. Importantly, BoRHON1 induced the accumulation of all detectable aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates, and the net photosynthetic rates of BoRHON1 overexpression lines were significantly increased. Interestingly, the growth and biomass of these overexpression lines of BoRHON1 remained the same as those of the control plants. BoRHON1 was shown to be a novel, potent, positive regulator of glucosinolates biosynthesis, as well as a novel regulator of normal plant growth and development, while significantly increasing plants’ defense costs.

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16

Patankar, Arati V., and Juan E. Gonzï¿½lez. "An Orphan LuxR Homolog of Sinorhizobium meliloti Affects Stress Adaptation and Competition for Nodulation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 4 (December 16, 2008): 946–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01692-08.

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ABSTRACT The Sin/ExpR quorum-sensing system of Sinorhizobium meliloti plays an important role in the symbiotic association with its host plant, Medicago sativa. The LuxR-type response regulators of the Sin system include the synthase (SinI)-associated SinR and the orphan regulator ExpR. Interestingly, the S. meliloti Rm1021 genome codes for four additional putative orphan LuxR homologs whose regulatory roles remain to be identified. These response regulators contain the characteristic domains of the LuxR family of proteins, which include an N-terminal autoinducer/response regulatory domain and a C-terminal helix-turn-helix domain. This study elucidates the regulatory role of one of the orphan LuxR-type response regulators, NesR. Through expression and phenotypic analyses, nesR was determined to affect the active methyl cycle of S. meliloti. Moreover, nesR was shown to influence nutritional and stress response activities in S. meliloti. Finally, the nesR mutant was deficient in competing with the wild-type strain for plant nodulation. Taken together, these results suggest that NesR potentially contributes to the adaptability of S. meliloti when it encounters challenges such as high osmolarity, nutrient starvation, and/or competition for nodulation, thus increasing its chances for survival in the stressful rhizosphere.

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17

Xu, Pingjun, Yinxiao Zhong, Ang Xu, Bingshuang Liu, Yue Zhang, Anqi Zhao, Xiaoming Yang, Meiling Ming, Fuliang Cao, and Fangfang Fu. "Application of Developmental Regulators for Enhancing Plant Regeneration and Genetic Transformation." Plants 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2024): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13091272.

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Establishing plant regeneration systems and efficient genetic transformation techniques plays a crucial role in plant functional genomics research and the development of new crop varieties. The inefficient methods of transformation and regeneration of recalcitrant species and the genetic dependence of the transformation process remain major obstacles. With the advancement of plant meristematic tissues and somatic embryogenesis research, several key regulatory genes, collectively known as developmental regulators, have been identified. In the field of plant genetic transformation, the application of developmental regulators has recently garnered significant interest. These regulators play important roles in plant growth and development, and when applied in plant genetic transformation, they can effectively enhance the induction and regeneration capabilities of plant meristematic tissues, thus providing important opportunities for improving genetic transformation efficiency. This review focuses on the introduction of several commonly used developmental regulators. By gaining an in-depth understanding of and applying these developmental regulators, it is possible to further enhance the efficiency and success rate of plant genetic transformation, providing strong support for plant breeding and genetic engineering research.

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18

Geetha, T., and N. Murugan. "Plant Growth Regulators in Mulberry." Annual Research & Review in Biology 13, no. 3 (January 10, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2017/29637.

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19

Wu, Jing, and Hirokazu Kawagishi. "Plant growth regulators from mushrooms." Journal of Antibiotics 73, no. 10 (July 20, 2020): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-0352-z.

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20

Cowan, A. Keith. "Phospholipids as Plant Growth Regulators." Plant Growth Regulation 48, no. 2 (February 2006): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-5481-7.

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21

Bulak, P., A. Walkiewicz, and M. Brzezinska. "Plant growth regulators-assisted phytoextraction." Biologia plantarum 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10535-013-0382-5.

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22

Ranade, Suiata, and S. B. David. "Quinones as plant growth regulators." Plant Growth Regulation 3, no. 1 (1985): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00123541.

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23

Klämbt, D. "Oligopeptides as plant growth regulators." Biologia Plantarum 27, no. 2-3 (March 1985): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02902161.

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24

Vashi, Jal D. "Plant Hormones- Natural Growth Regulators." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 45, no. 11 (October 28, 2023): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112232.

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Plant hormones are compounds that can regulate the overall growth and development of plants and have a great influence throughout the lifecycle of plants. Various hormones act on the plant at different points of time depending on the vegetative or reproductive state of the plant. The effects of hormones on plants are quite complex to understand and a single plant hormone can have multiple effects on the growth and development of plants. They can help to regulate the homeostasis of plants under stress from both biotic and abiotic factors. Plant hormones have a very complex mode of interaction among themselves and how they influence plant development. There has always been more research done on understanding the individual plant hormone and their mechanism. More recent work focuses on complex problems like how different hormones work together to regulate the growth of plants. This mini-review article will focus on the five main hormones, their role in the growth and development of plants and their commercial uses in modern agriculture.

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25

Gaspar, Thomas, Claire Kevers, Claude Penel, Hubert Greppin, David M. Reid, and Trevor A. Thorpe. "Plant hormones and plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 32, no. 4 (October 1996): 272–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02822700.

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26

Wang, Shi-Ying. "482 Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Plant Size, Branching, and Flowering in Petunia × hybrida." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 528B—528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.528b.

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Five Wave™ petunias, i.e., `Purple Wave™', `Pink Wave™', `Misty Lilac Wave™', and `Rose Wave™', and two hedgaflora petunias, i.e., `Dramatica Cherry™', and `Dramatica Hot Pink™', were investigated to determine the effects of plant growth regulators on plant size, branching, and flowering. Plant regulator treatments consisted of daminozide (B-Nine) spray two times at 7500 ppm, Paclobutrazol (Bonzi) spray two times at 30 ppm, paclobutrazol drench at 5 ppm, paclobutrazol drench at 5 ppm plus spray at 30 ppm, and ethephone (Florel) spray two times at 500 ppm. Plant diameter and central stem height were controlled effectively through daminozide spray and paclobutrazol drench. Plant branching was promoted by ethephone and daminozide. However, time to flowering was delayed significantly in the ethephone treatment. The size of the first flower responded to plant growth regulators negatively. The different responses to growth regulators among different types of petunias and different varieties in the same petunia type will be discussed based on the current trial and other separated experiments.

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27

Vamshi, Thammali, Rajni Rajan, Gundu Boina Gopichand Reddy, Tanya Singh, Keerthana Chundurwar, Akshay Kumar, and Rahul Rodge Ramprasad. "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators for Improvement of the Quality and Shelf Life of Kinnow (Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa): A Review." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 8 (June 9, 2023): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82050.

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Plant growth regulator’s plays a very important role in Kinnow production. There are different type of PGR’s that includes GA3, NAA, CPPU and Ethyl which when applied on kinnow performs well and give good results such as high quality, yield and long shelf life of the fruit. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are well known for having a significant impact on fruit retention. Plant growth regulators are hormones that are involved in physiological functions, developmental aspect and have an impact on cell development and growth. They are cellular communication tools known as chemical messengers Also known by the name "plant hormones”. Plant growth regulators enhance fruit set, minimize fruit drop, and correct a variety of physiological functions to improve quality and productivity by improving the physiology of fruits. Gibberellins and auxin are frequently used to reduce fruit drop and enhance fruit quality. The primary role of plant growth regulators in the creation of Kinnow mandarins is the main subject of this review.

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28

Volobueva, O. G. "Legume plant yields using biopreparation and plant growth regulators." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1206, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1206/1/012027.

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Abstract The effect of the biopreparation Rizotorfin and growth regulators Albit, Kornevin, Epin-Extra on symbiotic activity and yield of the bean plant varieties Geliada and Shokoladnitsa was studied under field conditions. The nitrogenase activity was increased in Heliada bean plants after treatment of seeds with Epin-Extra against the increase of bacteroides area, amount and area of volutin and decrease of area and amount of poly-ß-oxybutyric acid (POM). The protective effect of Rizotorfin was evident in the variety Shokoladnitsa. The relationship between symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield of bean plants of varieties Heliada and Shokoladnitsa was detected. The varietal responses of these plants to the use of Risotorfin and growth regulators have been identified. To increase the efficiency of legume-rhizobium symbiosis and plant productivity, the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a biopreparation based on nodule bacteria and growth regulators is recommended.

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Rademacher, Wilhelm. "Plant Growth Regulators: Backgrounds and Uses in Plant Production." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 34, no. 4 (October 13, 2015): 845–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-015-9541-6.

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30

Santner, Aaron, Luz Irina A. Calderon-Villalobos, and Mark Estelle. "Plant hormones are versatile chemical regulators of plant growth." Nature Chemical Biology 5, no. 5 (April 17, 2009): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.165.

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31

Zdor, Robert E. "Visualizing Nutrient Effects on Root Pattern Formation." American Biology Teacher 81, no. 8 (October 1, 2019): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2019.81.8.582.

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This lab gives students hands-on experience with visualizing the root architecture of plants exposed to varying concentrations of the vital nutrient phosphorus. By maintaining Brassica sp. seedlings in the presence of different quantities of phosphate, students can quantify changes in the number of lateral roots as an example of how the environment influences plant pattern formation. Additional variables in the experimental design, such as the use of plant mutants altered in plant regulator action or the presence of plant regulators in the plant growth medium, allow for exploration of how plant growth regulators are involved in root development. The quantitative and qualitative nature of this nine-day activity provides instructors opportunities to introduce students to various data analyses in botanical study. Additional ties to plant anatomy and the agricultural use of plant growth regulators that alter root development make this activity a rich source of exploration for broadening student exposure to plants and their development.

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32

Yang, Chenyu, Chongxi Liu, Shanshan Li, Yanyan Zhang, Yi Zhang, Xiangjing Wang, and Wensheng Xiang. "The Transcription Factors WRKY41 and WRKY53 Mediate Early Flowering Induced by the Novel Plant Growth Regulator Guvermectin in Arabidopsis thaliana." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 9 (May 8, 2023): 8424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098424.

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Flowering is a crucial stage for plant reproductive success; therefore, the regulation of plant flowering has been widely researched. Although multiple well-defined endogenous and exogenous flowering regulators have been reported, new ones are constantly being discovered. Here, we confirm that a novel plant growth regulator guvermectin (GV) induces early flowering in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, our genetic experiments newly demonstrated that WRKY41 and its homolog WRKY53 were involved in GV-accelerated flowering as positive flowering regulators. Overexpression of WRKY41 or WRKY53 resulted in an early flowering phenotype compared to the wild type (WT). In contrast, the w41/w53 double mutants showed a delay in GV-accelerated flowering. Gene expression analysis showed that flowering regulatory genes SOC1 and LFY were upregulated in GV-treated WT, 35S:WRKY41, and 35S:WRKY53 plants, but both declined in w41/w53 mutants with or without GV treatment. Meanwhile, biochemical assays confirmed that SOC1 and LFY were both direct targets of WRKY41 and WRKY53. Furthermore, the early flowering phenotype of 35S:WRKY41 lines was abolished in the soc1 or lfy background. Together, our results suggest that GV plays a function in promoting flowering, which was co-mediated by WRKY41 and WRKY53 acting as new flowering regulators by directly activating the transcription of SOC1 and LFY in Arabidopsis.

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33

Fry, Jack D. "Centipedegrass Response to Plant Growth Regulators." HortScience 26, no. 1 (January 1991): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.1.40.

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A field study was conducted in southern Louisiana to screen several plant growth regulators (PGRs) for efficacy in suppressing centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] vegetative growth and seedhead production. PGRs were applied in three sequential treatments in 1988 and included ethephon, glyphosate, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, sethoxydim, and sulfometuron methyl. Ethephon (5.0 kg·ha-1) suppressed mean centipedegrass vegetative growth by 15% with no turf injury. Mefluidide (0.6 kg·ha-1) and ethephon reduced mean seedhead number by 55% and 61%, respectively. Glyphosate (0.6 kg·ha-1) suppressed vegetative and reproductive growth, but caused unacceptable phytotoxicity and reduced centipedegrass cover and quality during Spring 1989. Use of ethephon or mefluidide to reduce trimming requirements or mower operation in hazardous areas may be an effective means of inhibiting centipedegrass growth. Chemical names used: N -(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate); N -[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluromethyl) sulfonyl]amino] phenyl]acetimide (mefluidide); 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl] -5[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cycIohexen-l-one (sethoxy-dim); 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2 -pyrimidinyl) amino] carbonyl]amino] sulfonyl]benzoic acid (sulfometuron methyl); (2-chloroethyl) phosphoric acid (ethephon); (±)-(R*R*)β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(l,l-dimethylethyl) -1 H -l,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

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34

Kreuser, W. C., J. R. Young, and M. D. Richardson. "Modeling Performance of Plant Growth Regulators." Agricultural & Environmental Letters 2, no. 1 (January 2017): 170001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/ael2017.01.0001.

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Brunoni, Federica, Jesús Mª Vielba, and Conchi Sánchez. "Plant Growth Regulators in Tree Rooting." Plants 11, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11060805.

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36

Cooper, Jessica, and Nicole Donofrio. "Regulators unite to enable plant entry." Nature Microbiology 6, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-021-00987-9.

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37

K. Singh, Saurabh, Ashvin A. Bhople, Paresh P. Kullarkar, Nikhil Bhople, and Ajay Jumale. "Plant Growth Regulators and Strawberry Production." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 08 (August 10, 2018): 2413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.243.

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38

Kitahara, Takeshi, and Koji Matsumura. "Synthesis of Brevicompanines, Plant Growth Regulators." HETEROCYCLES 54, no. 2 (2001): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-00-s(i)51.

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39

Krug, Brian A., Brian E. Whipker, Ingram McCall, and John M. Dole. "Narcissus Response to Plant Growth Regulators." HortTechnology 16, no. 1 (January 2006): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.1.0129.

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Three experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on `Tete a Tete', `Dutch Master', and `Sweetness' narcissus (Narcissus pseudonarcissus). Ethephon foliar sprays (500 to 2500 mg·L-1) and substrate drenches of flurprimidol and paclobutrazol (0.25 to 4 mg/pot a.i.) did not control height during greenhouse forcing of `Tete a Tete' at any concentration trialed. Stem stretch was controlled during postharvest evaluation with ethephon foliar sprays ≥1000 mg·L-1, flurprimidol substrate drenches ≥0.5 mg/pot a.i., and paclobutrazol substrate drenches of 4 mg/pot a.i. A second experiment investigated preplant bulb soaks of flurprimidol (10 to 40 mg·L-1) applied to `Dutch Master' and `Tete a Tete' narcissus bulbs. Flurprimidol preplant bulb soaks controlled postharvest stretch on `Tete a Tete' and `Dutch Master' at concentrations ≥15 and ≥10 mg·L-1, respectively. A third experiment was conducted with paclobutrazol (75 to 375 mg·L-1) on `Tete a Tete' and `Dutch Master' and three concentrations of flurprimidol on `Sweetness' to determine optimal soak recommendations. Paclobutrazol preplant bulb soaks ≥75 mg·L-1 controlled postharvest stretch of `Tete a Tete' and `Dutch Master', while 37.5 mg·L-1 of flurprimidol controlled postharvest stretch of `Sweetness'. Based on the results of these experiments, growers can now select a PGR to help control excessive plant growth.

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Eberle, Joachim, Angelika Arnscheidt, Dieter Klix, and Elmar W. Weiler. "Monoclonal Antibodies to Plant Growth Regulators." Plant Physiology 81, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.81.2.516.

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41

Cutler, Horace G., and John M. Wells. "Unusual plant‐growth regulators from microorganisms." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 6, no. 4 (January 1988): 323–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352688809382254.

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42

Novikova, G. V., A. V. Nosov, N. S. Stepanchenko, A. A. Fomenkov, A. S. Mamaeva, and I. E. Moshkov. "Plant cell proliferation and its regulators." Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 60, no. 4 (June 18, 2013): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1021443713040109.

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43

Willmann, Matthew R. "Sterols as regulators of plant embryogenesis." Trends in Plant Science 5, no. 10 (October 2000): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(00)91717-5.

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44

Baltas, M., M. Benbakkar, L. Gorrichon, and C. Zedde. "Plant growth regulators G1, G2, G3." Journal of Chromatography A 600, no. 2 (May 1992): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)85566-c.

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45

Cigel, Camila, Clovis Arruda Souza, Gesieli Priscila Buba, Guilherme Kender Drösemeyer, and Lucas Grillo Oliveira. "Efficacy of growth regulators in a lodging-sensitive wheat cultivar: grain yield, crop economic profitability and flour industrial quality." January 2023, no. 17(01):2023 (January 10, 2023): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.01.p3723.

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Growth regulators in annual crops such as wheat are being used for reducing plant lodging. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of applying different growth regulators on grain yield, industrial quality of flour, and the economic viability of a lodging-sensitive wheat cultivar, namely TBIO-Pioneiro. The RDB experimental design consisted of five treatments and nine replicates. The treatments used the following regulators: trinexapac-ethyl (T1), ethephon (T2), prohexadione calcium (T3), chlormequat chloride (T4) and a control (untreated) (T5). The rates were determined according to the manufacturer’s recommendations for other crops. Plant height was reduced with application of regulators, for example, trinexapac (93.1 cm), and control (100.7 cm). This same growth regulator tested increased TGW (36.2 g) over the control (33.6 g) making plant lodging lowest (from 34%-control to about 10%-treated). Grain yields with application of growth regulators were higher than control (3.1 t ha-1), ranging from 148.9 to 158.9% (means regulator-treated of 4.8 t ha-1). Regarding grain alveograph indices, there was an increase in gluten strength (W) with the use of ethephon (309 10-4J), prohexadione (309.3 10-4J), and chlormequat (309 10-4J), compared with control (240.3 10-4J). The economic return on investment was higher than the control, of up to 35.7%. It is concluded that application of prohexadione, ethephon and chlormequat changes the gluten strength of wheat grains and that the growth regulators tested are efficient in controlling lodging, reducing plant height and increasing grain yields, thus providing productive stability and higher financial returns in wheat cropping.

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Choi, Naeyeoung, Jong Hee Im, Eunhye Lee, Jinjeong Lee, Changhyun Choi, Sang Ryeol Park, and Duk-Ju Hwang. "WRKY10 transcriptional regulatory cascades in rice are involved in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 12 (March 30, 2020): 3735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa135.

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Abstract WRKY proteins play essential roles as negative or positive regulators of pathogen defense. This study explored the roles of different OsWRKY proteins in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection in rice. Assays of disease in OsWRKY10KD and OsWRKY88KD lines following infection with an incompatible Xoo race, which induced Xa1-mediated resistance in wild-type plants, showed that OsWRKY10 and OsWRKY88 were positive regulators of Xa1-mediated resistance. OsWRKY10 also acted as a positive regulator in basal defense by directly or indirectly activating transcription of defense-related genes. OsWRKY10 activated the OsPR1a promoter by binding to specific WRKY binding sites. Two transcriptional regulatory cascades of OsWRKY10 were identified in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance. In the first transcriptional regulatory cascade, OsWRKY47 acted downstream of OsWRKY10 whereas OsWRKY51 acted upstream. OsWRKY10 activated OsPR1a in two distinct ways: by binding to its promoter and, at the same time, by indirect activation through OsWRKY47. In the second transcriptional regulatory cascade, OsWRKY47 acted downstream of OsWRKY10, and OsWRKY88 acted upstream. These OsWRKY10 transcriptional regulatory cascades played important roles in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance to enable the mounting of a rapid immune response against pathogens.

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Galkin, A. P., L. G. Lioshina, T. V. Medvedeva, O. V. Bulko, and V. P. Kukhar. "Regulatory regions of plant genes promoters and proteins-regulators of promotive activity." Biopolymers and Cell 20, no. 5 (September 20, 2004): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0006be.

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Silva, Dayane Mércia Ribeiro, Isabelly Cristina da Silva Marques, Beatriz Lívero Carvalho, Eduardo Santana Aires, Francisco Gilvan Borges Ferreira Freitas Júnior, Fernanda Nery Vargens, Vinicius Alexandre Ávila dos Santos, et al. "Application of Plant Growth Regulators Mitigates Water Stress in Basil." Horticulturae 10, no. 7 (July 11, 2024): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10070729.

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Abiotic stresses, such as water limitation, are significant limiting factors in basil production. One alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of this stress on plants is using plant growth regulators. This study’s objective is to evaluate different doses of plant regulators in basil under water deficiency conditions. A randomized block experimental design in a factorial scheme with two factors was used: the first factor referred to the water regimes of 50% and 100% stomatal conductance, the second to different doses of the plant regulator mixture: 0 mL L−1 (control), 3 mL L−1, 6 mL L−1, 9 mL L−1, and 12 mL L−1. Each treatment consisted of 12 pots per repetition. Biometric parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and gas exchange were analyzed. The plant regulator positively influenced basil plants under water deficiency, with the most pronounced effects observed at the 12 mL L−1 dose: a 17% increase in the number of leaves, a fourfold increase in CO2 assimilation and carboxylation efficiency, and a sevenfold increase in water use efficiency. Therefore, the application of plant regulators on basil is recommended to mitigate the negative effects of water stress, with the most significant results observed at a dose of 12 mL L−1.

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49

Media, Media, Zozy Aneloi Noli, and M. Idris. "An Overview: Effect of Plant Growth Regulatory on Orchid Propagation through The Thin Cell Layer technique." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 39, no. 2 (July 30, 2023): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v39.2.5506.

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Thin cell layer (TCL) is a micropropagation method using thin-sized explants. A TCL can be prepared from any explant source and the thichness of explant less than 5 mm. TCL is more efficient in producing total plantlet output than conventional in vitro methods. TCL have been applied to the in vitro culture of orchids, field, vegetable crops and medicinal plants The successful in vitro orchid propagation is influenced by many factors, such as plant genotype and media composition. Additions of plant growth regulator (PGR) in media culture is essential factor. The formation of complete plant depent on concentration and type of plant growth regulator. TCL explants require growth regulators to form an embryonic callus and zygotic embryos. Explant in medium without supplemented of growth regulators resulted in browning and failed to grow. The most commonly plant growth regulator in tissue culture are thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and meta-Topolin. Recently, microalgae can also be used as an alternative source of hormones to increase plant growth through in vitro culture techniques

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McCoy, Rachel M., Russell Julian, Shoban R. V. Kumar, Rajeev Ranjan, Kranthi Varala, and Ying Li. "A Systems Biology Approach to Identify Essential Epigenetic Regulators for Specific Biological Processes in Plants." Plants 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020364.

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Upon sensing developmental or environmental cues, epigenetic regulators transform the chromatin landscape of a network of genes to modulate their expression and dictate adequate cellular and organismal responses. Knowledge of the specific biological processes and genomic loci controlled by each epigenetic regulator will greatly advance our understanding of epigenetic regulation in plants. To facilitate hypothesis generation and testing in this domain, we present EpiNet, an extensive gene regulatory network (GRN) featuring epigenetic regulators. EpiNet was enabled by (i) curated knowledge of epigenetic regulators involved in DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and siRNA pathways; and (ii) a machine-learning network inference approach powered by a wealth of public transcriptome datasets. We applied GENIE3, a machine-learning network inference approach, to mine public Arabidopsis transcriptomes and construct tissue-specific GRNs with both epigenetic regulators and transcription factors as predictors. The resultant GRNs, named EpiNet, can now be intersected with individual transcriptomic studies on biological processes of interest to identify the most influential epigenetic regulators, as well as predicted gene targets of the epigenetic regulators. We demonstrate the validity of this approach using case studies of shoot and root apical meristem development.

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