Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plant Nutrition'
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1
Lopez, Ashley Karisa. "Power Plant, Plant-Based Nutrition Services| A Business Plan." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10639050.
Full textAbstract:
Today, obesity has become the number one concern of kids and teens. About one in three Americans are overweight or obese. This in part is due to the consumption of highly commercialized and processed foods that lack the essential nutrients in maintaining a healthy weight in addition to normal cholesterol and blood pressure levels. Studies have shown that eating habits are learned early in life and are carried on throughout the rest of their lives. As children grow older into their adolescent years, they are more aware of their eating habits and have gained more autonomy in regards to food choices.
Plant-based foods have shown to drastically improve the overall health of individuals with high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and excess weight.
Power Plant is a facility that intends offer plant-based nutritional services in the form of informative lectures, interactive workshops, one-on-one nutritional guidance by appointment, with access to peer-mentors for additional support and guidance. Power Plant will dedicate their services to the Whittier Union high school district, surrounding community colleges, and universities in the Los Angeles County area.
Power Plant’s unique program design, physician referrals and the critical need of our generations to come, are all factors that will contribute to its success in the Los Angeles County community and for years to come.
2
Kering, Maru K. Blevins Dale G. "Manganese nutrition and photosynthesis in NAD-malic enzyme C-4 plants." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7201.
Full textAbstract:
Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on February 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Dale Blevins. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
3
Ye, Zhengqian. "Effect of low temperature on boron nutrition of oilseed rape and sunflower." Thesis, Ye, Zhengqian (2004) Effect of low temperature on boron nutrition of oilseed rape and sunflower. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2004. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/418/.
Full textAbstract:
Several reports appear in the literature linking low temperature damage in plants with boron (B) deficiency and alleviation of low temperature injury with B application has been reported in some crops and trees. These results imply that low temperature might increase plant B requirements, beside the reduction of B uptake by plant roots, or that low B tissues might be more sensitive to cold temperature damage than B adequate tissues. In controlled experiments, it has been shown that low root zone temperature (RZT) induces B deficiency in cassava, a tropical root crop. Apart from this, there are few definitive detailed investigations on low temperature effects on B nutrition of plants, including temperate species which are more tolerant of low temperature.
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), a crop sensitive to low B supply, is a major crop in the middle and lower Yangtse river basin, China, where low B soils are widespread. Appearance of B deficiency in oilseed rape often coincides with cold weather during its winter and spring growth. However, the incidence and severity of B deficiency of oilseed rape plants and the efficacy of B fertilization varies from year to year and location to location in ways that are not explained simply by differences in cultivar, agronomy or soil B levels. Low temperature is probably one of the important environmental factors influencing growth and yield of oilseed rape in relation to B nutrition.
Therefore,the objective of the studies in this thesis was to investigate mechanisms of low temperature effects on B nutrition of plants with emphasis on oilseed rape. Field and glasshouse experiments were carried out and the physiological basis of plant response to B at different air and root temperatures is discussed.
A field experiment with oilseed rape cv. Zheyouyou 2 was carried out on a red soil (Hapludult, US Soil Taxonomy) with low B availability in Zhejiang province, China. Canopy covers made from transparent plastic sheets, which increased night temperatures by up to 1.5 oC around shoots for 15 days in early February, strongly increased shoot dry weight at all levels of B supply. Furthermore, covering plants increased shoot dry weight of B deficient plants without increasing their leaf B concentration. This suggests that internal B requirements were decreased by canopy covering, possibly due to higher temperatures within the canopy.
Experiments conducted to investigate the effect of RZT (10 and 20 oC) on oilseed rape cv. Hyola 42 response to B in solution culture, in summer and winter, showed that regardless of canopy conditions, low RZT (10 oC) promoted the distribution of shoot B towards the actively growing leaves, especially when B supply was low. At low B supply, B deficiency symptoms appeared later at 10 oC than 20 oC RZT and B concentrations in the youngest fully opened leaves (YOL) were higher in plants grown at RZT of 10 oC than that at 20 oC. Growth of plant dry weight (DW) was not affected by RZT in the summer but was greatly reduced at 10 oC than 20 oC in winter. In B adequate plants, shoot to root ratio (S/R ratio) was not affected by RZT regardless of canopy conditions. By contrast, S/R ratio was smaller in low B plants at 10 oC than 20 oC. In addition, low RZT delayed occurrence of plant B deficiency symptoms regardless of plants' pre-treatment RZT (either 10 or 20 oC). These results appeared to contradict the response to low RZT found in previous studies with cassava.
In a subsequent experiment, low RZT of 5 oC not only greatly reduced plant DW production of oilseed rape, but also accentuated plant B deficiency. Partitioning of B into the young growing shoots was also depressed and a significant decrease of B concentration in the youngest shoot parts was caused by 5 oC RZT in comparison with that at the control RZT (10 oC). Similar results were also observed in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Hysun 25). But B deficiency symptoms in sunflower were induced by RZT as high as 12 oC, when plants were supplied with 0.25 mcg B, whilst these plants were free from B deficiency at warmer RZT (17 - 27 oC). Higher external B concentrations were required at such RZT (Chilling temperature) for plant growth free from B deficiency. Therefore, there is a RZT threshold below which an increased response to B is expected in plants of oilseed rape and sunflower. And in the range of chilling RZT, the external B requirement for shoot growth increased with lower RZT. The threshold RZT was considerably higher in the chilling-sensitive plant species, sunflower, than in oilseed rape, a chilling-resistant plant species.
At chilling RZT, leaf functioning was impaired by low B supply as measured by potassium (K) leakage from the youngest mature leaf blade (YML) of sunflower, whereas it was much less directly affected by RZT, and there was no effect of RZT on B- adequate plants. By contrast to leaves, root function was impaired more by chilling RZT than low B.
Despite their different threshold RZT, in both oilseed rape and sunflower, the rates of B uptake (BUR) and B translocation from root to shoot (BTR) were dramatically depressed by chilling RZT especially at low B supply (0.2 mcg B): being only 30% of those at the control (5 oC vs 10 oC RZT) in oilseed rape and 33% (10 oC vs 20 oC RZT) in sunflower, respectively. By contrast, there was little or no difference over a range of warmer RZT (10 - 20 oC for oilseed rape, and 20 - 27 oC for sunflower). It is predicted that higher rates of B application will be required for plant growth when soil temperature is below a critical threshold, which is between 5 and 10 oC for oilseed rape, and about 17 oC for sunflower, respectively. Below the threshold RZT plant B deficiency was induced and accentuated due to impairment of B translocation into growing shoot parts besides the decrease of B uptake rate and B transport rate and greater shoot to root ratio.
In comparison with RZT, little is known about causal mechanisms linking cold air temperature and B nutrition. Experiments in this thesis showed not only B transport to the shoot was strongly reduced by low night air temperature during a 6 day period (11.719.4 vs 15.5 - 23.5 oC), but also that an overnight chilling (at 0 oC) could cause more severe injury to low B than adequate B leaves of oilseed rape plants, expressed by higher solute leakage, in comparison with control (at 10 oC). Moreover, after chilling treatment, solute leakage from low B leaves was increased by exposure to light, which suggests that low temperature injury to leaves in low B plants after a freezing night in the field is at least partly a consequence of light induced damage of leaves.
In summary, at chilling temperature, B uptake, transport and partitioning into growing shoots are strongly impaired, and B use efficiency in the growing tissues might be reduced as well. Low temperature contributes to plant B deficiency also by increasing S/R ratio, so that shoot B demand is not satisfied by available B. Furthermore, low air temperature might increase the internal B requirement for shoot growth. To further understand mechanisms of low temperature, especially the air temperature, effects on plant responses to B, more research is needed, such as the relationship between low temperature and B incorporation into cell walls which may play an important role in leaf tolerance to chilling temperature.
4
Ye, Zhengqian. "Effect of low temperature on boron nutrition of oilseed rape and sunflower." Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060510.154332.
Full textAbstract:
Several reports appear in the literature linking low temperature damage in plants with boron (B) deficiency and alleviation of low temperature injury with B application has been reported in some crops and trees. These results imply that low temperature might increase plant B requirements, beside the reduction of B uptake by plant roots, or that low B tissues might be more sensitive to cold temperature damage than B adequate tissues. In controlled experiments, it has been shown that low root zone temperature (RZT) induces B deficiency in cassava, a tropical root crop. Apart from this, there are few definitive detailed investigations on low temperature effects on B nutrition of plants, including temperate species which are more tolerant of low temperature.
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), a crop sensitive to low B supply, is a major crop in the middle and lower Yangtse river basin, China, where low B soils are widespread. Appearance of B deficiency in oilseed rape often coincides with cold weather during its winter and spring growth. However, the incidence and severity of B deficiency of oilseed rape plants and the efficacy of B fertilization varies from year to year and location to location in ways that are not explained simply by differences in cultivar, agronomy or soil B levels. Low temperature is probably one of the important environmental factors influencing growth and yield of oilseed rape in relation to B nutrition.
Therefore,the objective of the studies in this thesis was to investigate mechanisms of low temperature effects on B nutrition of plants with emphasis on oilseed rape. Field and glasshouse experiments were carried out and the physiological basis of plant response to B at different air and root temperatures is discussed.
A field experiment with oilseed rape cv. Zheyouyou 2 was carried out on a red soil (Hapludult, US Soil Taxonomy) with low B availability in Zhejiang province, China. Canopy covers made from transparent plastic sheets, which increased night temperatures by up to 1.5 oC around shoots for 15 days in early February, strongly increased shoot dry weight at all levels of B supply. Furthermore, covering plants increased shoot dry weight of B deficient plants without increasing their leaf B concentration. This suggests that internal B requirements were decreased by canopy covering, possibly due to higher temperatures within the canopy.
Experiments conducted to investigate the effect of RZT (10 and 20n oC) on oilseed rape cv. Hyola 42 response to B in solution culture, in summer and winter, showed that regardless of canopy conditions, low RZT (10 oC) promoted the distribution of shoot B towards the actively growing leaves, especially when B supply was low. At low B supply, B deficiency symptoms appeared later at 10 oC than 20 oC RZT and B concentrations in the youngest fully opened leaves (YOL) were higher in plants grown at RZT of 10 oC than that at 20 oC. Growth of plant dry weight (DW) was not affected
by RZT in the summer but was greatly reduced at 10 oC than 20 oC in winter. In B adequate plants, shoot to root ratio (S/R ratio) was not affected by RZT regardless of canopy conditions. By contrast, S/R ratio was smaller in low B plants at 10 oC than 20 oC. In addition, low RZT delayed occurrence of plant B deficiency symptoms regardless of plants¡¦ pre-treatment RZT (either 10 or 20 oC). These results appeared to contradict the response to low RZT found in previous studies with cassava.
In a subsequent experiment, low RZT of 5 oC not only greatly reduced plant DW production of oilseed rape, but also accentuated plant B deficiency. Partitioning of B into the young growing shoots was also depressed and a significant decrease of B concentration in the youngest shoot parts was caused by 5 oC RZT in comparison with that at the control RZT (10 oC). Similar results were also observed in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Hysun 25). But B deficiency symptoms in sunflower were induced by RZT as high as 12 oC, when plants were supplied with 0.25 £gM B, whilst these plants were free from B deficiency at warmer RZT (17 - 27 oC). Higher external B concentrations were required at such RZT (Chilling temperature) for plant growth free from B deficiency. Therefore, there is a RZT threshold below which an increased response to B is expected in plants of oilseed rape and sunflower. And in the range of chilling RZT, the external B requirement for shoot growth increased with lower RZT. The threshold RZT was considerably higher in the chilling-sensitive plant species, sunflower, than in oilseed rape, a chilling-resistant plant species.
At chilling RZT, leaf functioning was impaired by low B supply as measured by potassium (K) leakage from the youngest mature leaf blade (YML) of sunflower, whereas it was much less directly affected by RZT, and there was no effect of RZT on B- adequate plants. By contrast to leaves, root function was impaired more by chilling RZT than low B.
Despite their different threshold RZT, in both oilseed rape and sunflower, the rates of B uptake (BUR) and B translocation from root to shoot (BTR) were dramatically depressed by chilling RZT especially at low B supply (0.2 £gM B): being only 30% of those at the control (5 oC vs 10 oC RZT) in oilseed rape and 33% (10 oC vs 20 oC RZT) in sunflower, respectively. By contrast, there was little or no difference over a range of warmer RZT (10 - 20 oC for oilseed rape, and 20 ¡V 27 oC for sunflower). It is predicted that higher rates of B application will be required for plant growth when soil temperature is below a critical threshold, which is between 5 and 10 oC for oilseed rape, and about 17 oC for sunflower, respectively. Below the threshold RZT plant B deficiency was induced and accentuated due to impairment of B translocation into growing shoot parts besides the decrease of B uptake rate and B transport rate and greater shoot to root ratio.
In comparison with RZT, little is known about causal mechanisms linking cold air temperature and B nutrition. Experiments in this thesis showed not only B transport to the shoot was strongly reduced by low night air temperature during a 6 day period (11.719.4 vs 15.5 ¡V 23.5 oC), but also that an overnight chilling (at 0 oC) could cause more severe injury to low B than adequate B leaves of oilseed rape plants, expressed by higher solute leakage, in comparison with control (at 10 oC). Moreover, after chilling treatment, solute leakage from low B leaves was increased by exposure to light, which suggests that low temperature injury to leaves in low B plants after a freezing night in the field is at least partly a consequence of light induced damage of leaves.
In summary, at chilling temperature, B uptake, transport and partitioning into growing shoots are strongly impaired, and B use efficiency in the growing tissues might be reduced as well. Low temperature contributes to plant B deficiency also by increasing S/R ratio, so that shoot B demand is not satisfied by available B. Furthermore, low air temperature might increase the internal B requirement for shoot growth. To further understand mechanisms of low temperature, especially the air temperature, effects on plant responses to B, more research is needed, such as the relationship between low temperature and B incorporation into cell walls which may play an important role in leaf tolerance to chilling temperature.
5
Matlhoahela, Patience Tshegohatso. "Mineral nutrition of cultivated South African proteaceace." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1106.
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6
Marazzi, Cristina. "Plant sulphur nutrition influencing host-plant selection and performance of insect herbivores /." Basel : [s.n.], 2003. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_7004.
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7
Mohamed, Fatheya. "Mineral analysis and proximate composition of leaves of (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) in response to boron application in pot experiments." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2793.
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Thesis (MTech (Agriculture)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Choumollier (narrow-stem kale) (Brassica oleracea, L.) has been progressively used in recent years as a supplementary forage harvest in many countries with a temperate climate. Boron (B) and calcium (Ca) are the two most important elements for supporting plant structure and function of plasma membranes. Boron nutrition is vital for obtaining high quality yields in vegetables. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which boric acid concentration can affect growth parameters (plant height, leaf numbers, chlorophyll levels, and leaf size) of Brassica olereacea var. acephala at different stages of growth and development. Treatment comprised of four concentrations of boron (0.3 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg). Yield and physiological growth responses were measured during the course of the study to ascertain effectiveness and influence of boron treatments on the test crops. Leaves of B. oleracea were harvested at weekly intervals (W1, W2, W3, W4 and W5) after each treatment regimen for approximate basic mineral analysis and composition. Soil pH did not vary much among the various orchard blocks tested, regardless of soil depth. Exchangeable cations Na+ and K+ levels did not vary significantly, but Ca2+ and Mg2+ levels fluctuated considerably among orchards analyzed. The Control Orchard exhibited a higher P content than the other orchards. Ca, Mg, Cu and B levels did not vary significantly among the orchards, but Na, Fe and Zn levels were markedly raised in the Orchard treated with 0.3 mg/kg boron) relative to the Control Orchard. Chlorophyll fluorescence was significantly dependent on the treatment dose of boron as compared to control. Chlorophyll fluorescence also increased significantly with the growth period, i.e., the duration following the initial treatment at all doses of boron. Boron at all did not significantly affect leaf count, leaf length and plant height. The work may add to the body of knowledge on the influence of boron on the physiological performance, mineral contents and proximate composition of leaves of the species. Furthermore, the findings may have important applications in achieving high quality yields in vegetable crops.
8
Tancock, Nigel Philip. "The influence of complexation on micronutrient uptake by plants and on plant growth." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341363.
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Lees, Robert. "Photosynthesis and nutrition in in vitro plants." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1993. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20823/.
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The successful micropropagation of woody or herbaceous perennial plants is often limited by large losses which occur as plants are transferred from culture to soil. Poor photosynthetic capability may be partly responsible for losses at this stage. Results show that growth irradiance, CO 2 and carbohydrate in the growth medium are all factors which combine to affect the development of photosynthetic capability in vitro. Low capacity for the photochemical dissipation of excess light energy is primarily a result of endproduct inhibition of photosynthesis by accumulated leaf carbohydrate, and results in plants being extremely sensitive to photoinhibition. Manipulation of carbohydrate in the growth medium and growth irradiance may result in increased photosynthetic capability of plants transferred to soil, and can increase survival. This appears to be a result of increased energy supply for growth during the first few days ex vitro. Manipulation of carbohydrate in the growth medium and growth irradiance also affect growth morphology. In particular, root production in woody material can be affected, and can have a significant effect on nursery survival.
10
Stangoulis, James Constantine Roy. "Genotypic variation in oilseed rape to low boron nutrition and the mechanism of boron efficiency." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs7856.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 132-159. Boron efficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napua L. and B. juncea L.) was investigated in a wide range of genotypes. Using a solution culture screening of 10 day old seedlings, root length best described shoot growth response, and was used to characterise a total of 65 genotypes. Varieties and breeders lines tolerant of B-deficient growing conditions were identified, and the screening process validated through field trials. B responses in plants sampled at the 'green bud' stage indicated that vegetative growth is important in B efficiency. Studies were conducted to investigate the mechanism of B efficiency in oilseed rape. Results suggest no association between B efficiency and the capacity to acidify the root rhizosphere, or an increased translocation of B from root to shoot. Boron retranslocation was also studied as a mechanism of B efficiency.
11
Tew, Jason. "Humic and Fulvic Acids: Effects on Plant Nutrition and Growth." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6709.
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Humic substances are reported to improve plant growth and nutrient uptake, with iron the most studied nutrient. The most common forms of iron in soils are iron oxides, which are stable under aerobic conditions and unavailable for plant uptake. Iron deficient plants become chlorotic, which reduces growth and yield. To determine if humic substances can reduce iron chlorosis, five commercially available organic acids were tested on maize grown in sand columns at high pH. The dry granular humic acid from Aldrich Chemical Company applied at 84.4 g/liter of sand by volume (5% by mass) and 1 g/liter added with irrigation water, significantly reduced iron chlorosis (p
12
Frakes, Mitchell Laura Ann. "BORON NUTRITION OF BURLEY AND DARK TOBACCO." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/51.
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The incidences of suspected Boron (B) deficiency have increased recently in Kentucky tobacco fields, potentially due to recent changes in management practices. The symptoms observed in the field include; hollow stalk, stunted growth, deformed or no bud formation, small slits on the lower leaf midrib and uncontrollable breaking of the midrib approximately two inches from the stalk. B is a micronutrient tobacco needs in minute amounts, however excessive additions of B could cause toxicity. The objectives of this work were to 1) establish critical points for B sufficiency, 2) describe and define B deficiency and toxicity symptoms and 3) develop field strategies to aid in the mitigation of B deficiency. A general nutrient response curve was generated utilizing solution culture experiments. The peak of the response curve appeared to occur at solution B concentration of 100 µM. Trace-levels of B contamination and small plant size in the solution culture limited the development of deficiency symptoms. Toxicity was observed at solution concentrations of 400 µM and above. Despite choosing sites with a history of B deficiency, deficiency symptoms were not observed during this study. Toxicity was observed when 0.56 kg B/ha or greater was applied as simulated transplant water treatments. No toxicity was observed when B was applied as a soil broadcast or foliar application. Recommendations are to apply B with caution as a broadcast application to avoid potential problems with toxicity. Additional research is required to refine the nutrient response curve and better understand B deficiency.
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Lonergan, Paul Francis. "Genetic characterisation and QTL mapping of zinc nutrition in barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl847.pdf.
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Stone, Bethany. "The effects of boron deficiency and aluminum toxicity on plant magnesium /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036861.
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Baylis, Mathew. "The role of nutrition in an ant - lycaenid - host plant interaction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235992.
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Wan, Hon Chi Judy. "Interaction of earthworms and microorganisms on nutrient availability and crop growth." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/588.
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Rossouw, Alex. "The marketability of small scale hydroponic systems for the horticultural industry in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2539.
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Thesis (MTech (Horticultural Science))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Hydroponics, i.e. plant cultivation in mineral-rich water is a synergy between plant, human, and machine. For decades the hydroponic garden has been offered on horticultural markets, and was repeatedly innovated to better meet consumer horticultural needs. Currently, platform convergences with electronic control systems can possibly enable more efficient products for direct consumer hydroponic cultivation. This means that, like many appliances in the home; hydroponic plant cultivation can become somewhat automated. Marketing and product innovation can help calibrate optimal New Product Development NPD of hydroponic gardens for people. The literature review grasps how consumers are subjected to a changing environment together with changing technology such as hydroponics, plant nutrition, and even garden automation. Market research frameworks namely Morphological Analysis (MA) and Conjoint Analysis (CA) are the tools deployed here for profiling and prioritising these products for horticultural consumers. Firstly, a qualitative analysis identifies conceptual sets for structures, inputs, and controls, which all harmonise into new intersections cultivation, hydroponics, and automation and the e-garden concepts. The MA next produces, and organises secondary data into constraints for the CA. Here, general hydroponic cultivation is first decomposed into all its many component parts which collectively describe the whole, where these parts are then classed along various attributes namely: garden plane xA, automation xB, performance xC, organics xD, and price xE So garden plane is composed of level and vertical gardens, garden automation is composed of manual and automatic gardens, garden performance is composed of casual and high-performance gardens, garden organics is composed of non-organic and organic gardens, and garden price although quantitative is simply composed of R2500 and R5000. These classes of attributed data can now become treated as categorical factors using indicator or dummy variables. Secondly, the CA determines how these attributes are most preferred by horticultural consumers at garden centre clusters. This involves measuring respondent preferences levels, to compute the part-worth utility for each attribute found in the MA. Factors such as garden organics, price, and automation hold adjusted alpha significance. Mainly, garden organics contributed to response effects, while price has negative slope and is second, while automation comes third. A combination of garden automation and organics is found to optimise consumer utility for Hydroponic Garden(s) HG.This research illuminates how horticultural consumers may prefer various HG, by understanding HG and how they can better benefit these people.
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Mariot, E. J. "The nutritional ecology of Lupinus albus L. with special reference to phosphorus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370288.
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Tariq, Mohammad. "Effect of boron supply on the availability of nutrients in soil and uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363708.
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Muthaukrishnan, L. "Effect of site of infection on host plant growth and metabolism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379917.
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Lee, Ching-pong, and 李靖邦. "A study of peer collaboration in developing conceptual understanding of plant nutrition." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31961368.
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Ching-pong, Lee. "A study of peer collaboration in developing conceptual understanding of plant nutrition." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2130421X.
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Yoshida, Hiroshi. "Fungal response to plant sugars: nutrition, metabolic state changes, and differentiation switching." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242714.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第21837号
農博第2350号
新制||農||1069(附属図書館)
学位論文||H31||N5209(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 田中 千尋, 教授 本田 与一, 准教授 刑部 正博
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Moorby, H. "Environmental conditions affecting acid-base changes around plant roots." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375279.
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Wang, Anita Wen Tao. "Loss of lysine in plant foods." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27713.
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Humans obtain approximately 70% of their dietary protein from plant sources on a
global basis. In developing countries, vegetable protein intake is higher than in
developed countries (Lusas and Rhee, 1986). Cereals, pulses and oilseeds are not
only very important plant foods in the human diet, but also the main components of
feeds for livestock, which can be considered as source of dairy products and meat
for humans (Lasztity and Hidvegi, 1983). Cereals contribute the major dietary
source of carbohydrates, and a substantive source of protein, vitamins, and
minerals. Oilseeds are one of the main sources of lipid, and pulses supply protein
and / or lipid. In many countries, including developed and developing countries,
wheat products are consumed as a major component of the diet. Wheat flour is one
of the most important foods in many countries in the world. Wheat grain contains
6-20% protein, 63-77% starch, approximately 2% fat, 2.0-2.7% crude fiber and
1.4-2.0% ash, depending in part on variety and class, and on environmental
conditions during growth (Pomeranz, 1988). In many Asian countries, rice is the
main cereal in the diet.
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Iason, G. R. "The biology of feeding and nutrition of mammalian herbivores : plant and animal processes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592601.
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Monakisi, Charlotte. "N₂ fixation, plant mineral nutrition and C metabolites in cowpea/maize cropping systems." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25932.
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The objective of this study was (1) quantify N₂ fixation in sole and mixed cropped cowpea, (2) To access nutrient assimilation by component species in the cropping system, and (3) to determine the effects of cropping system on C metabolites. At harvest the dry mass of both cowpea and maize were highest in sole crops. There was a significant difference in % nitrogen of maize and cowpea plants from the different cropping systems. Total nitrogen content was highest in sole cropped maize and cowpea plants with sole cowpea fixing the most N₂. δ¹⁵N values were lower for the shoots of symbiotic cowpea compared to the maize. Root δ¹⁵N values were also generally lower in cowpea than in maize. The %N derived from fixation (Ndfa) was similar for sole, intra and intercropped cowpea. However the amount of N fixed was significantly greater in sole cowpea compared to intra- and intercropped cowpea. When nutrient uptake and assimilation was assessed in the cropping system, it was found that mineral elements such as Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and B occurred in significantly greater concentrations in the N₂-fixing legume compared to the cereal partner. However the concentration of soluble sugars and starch remained the same for both shoot and roots of cowpea and maize plants in the cropping system.
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Tushani, Samira Abdul-Majid. "Role of root phosphatases in the phosphorus nutrition of Carex flacca schreber." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267818.
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Schalau, Jeff W. "Laboratories Conducting Soil, Plant, Feed, or Water Testing." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625536.
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Morris, Michael Roger. "The contribution of spawning pacific-salmon to nitrogen fertility and vegetation nutrition during riparian primary succession on an expansive floodplain of a large river." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09302008-151352/.
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Li, Maolin. "Adsorption characteristics and dynamics of soil organic phosphorus and its significance for plant nutrition /." Beuren ; Stuttgart : Grauer, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009665345&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Liu, Jiping. "Characterization and molecular cloning of sos3: A gene important for salt tolerance and potassium nutrition in higher plants." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283921.
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The major goal of my dissertation research was to use genetic approaches to identify and characterize the components (genes) that are important for salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Identification and characterization of such genes might provide insights into why these genes are important, and how these genes function in salt response and salt tolerance in higher plants. During my dissertation research, the sos3-1 mutant was isolated and characterized. The mutant plants are hypersensitive to Na⁺ and unable to grow with low K⁺. Increased Ca²⁺ levels can partially suppress the growth defect of the mutant plants under salt stress and fully restore their growth under low K⁺. These results suggest that SOS3 may be a Ca²⁺-mediated regulator that controls K⁺ and Na+ homeostasis in Arabidopsis. The SOS3 gene was cloned by map-based cloning techniques. SOS3 encodes a protein sharing significant sequence similarity with the B subunit of calcineurin from yeast and neuronal calcium sensor from animals. SOS3 contains three putative EF-hand calcium binding domains and a putative myristoylation motif at its NH₂-terminus. SOS3 binds calcium and is myristoylated in vitro. A mutation in SOS3 that destroys the conserved myristoylation motif abolishes SOS3 myristoylation, but not its calcium binding in vitro. Furthermore, the defect in Ca²⁺ binding of the sos3 does not affect its myristoylation. These results indicate the independence of calcium binding and myristoylation of SOS3. Mutant sos3-1 has a nine-base-pair deletion in the second conserved EF-hand Ca²⁺ binding domain, which leads to misfunction. of sos3 in vivo. To determine if myristoylation is also important for SOS3, the wild-type SOS3 cDNA and the SOS3 cDNA with a disrupted conserved myristoylation sequence were tested for their capability to complement the sos3-1. It was found that an intact conserved myristoylation sequence is essential for SOS3 function. These results indicate that both calcium binding and myristoylation are essential for the function of SOS3.
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Nengas, Ioannis. "Evaluation of animal and plant by-products as constituents in diets for seabream Sparus aurata L." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2406.
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The principle aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional value of animal and plant by-products, with the objective of improving the cost effectiveness of diets for culturing seabream (Sparus aurata). The programme of work was initially directed towards applying the current methodology used in fish nutrition research to establish reliable digestibility coefficients for various feed ingredients. A selection of animal and plant materials were tested for digestibility within a reference basal diet designed for seabream. Ingredients for special consideration included poultry by-product meal, feather meal, meat and bone meal, solvent extracted and full fat soyabean meal as well as various other plant derived mater1als. Comparative values for protein, energy and lipid digestibility coefficients were assessed. On the basis of these measurements, experiments were undertaken to evaluate the optimum inclusion levels of promising protein and energy sources as a replacement for the fishmeal component in diets for seabream. Emphasis was made on recent advances in feed processing technology. Raw materials were evaluated in terms of proximate analysis, amino acid profiles and the degree of heat treatment effects on protein quality and availability. Several indices relating to these included lysine availabil1ty, cresol red values and trypsin inhibitor levels for soya products. Growth performance and feed utilization trials were conducted mainly on juvenile fish in recirculation systems under controlled conditions of temperature and salinity. Nutritional parameters such as specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ~FE) and protein utilization parameters were determined 1n each successive trial. The results were favourable with respect to the partial inclusion of animal products in seabream diets. Poultry byproduct meals proved encouraging even at high inclusion levels. The growth performance of fish fed soyabean meal and full fat soya were initially favourable and merited further consideration. These preliminary trials led to a series of practical diet formulations to contain multi-in9redient components, which confirmed previous findings. Var1able results, however, were reported for full fat soyabean meal in this experiment. Finally, the programme of research was presented in the context of the rapidly expanding mariculture industries of southern Europe w1th a particular relevance to Greece.
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Loma, Mercado Karem Khaterine. "The Nutritional Characterization of the Carob Tree in the Department of Cochabamba." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5385.
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The nutritional value for the following species have been determined: P.pallida, P.laevigata var. andicola, P.flexuosa, P.nigra, P.alba of the genus Proposis. To obtain this purpose surveys were done about the use and consumption of the Carob Tree in the High and Central Valleys of the Cochabamba Department. As a result of the surveys it was determined that the consumption of the pods made up for 54% of human nourishment. The species that were consumed the most were P.pallida and P.laevigata var. andicola. Within the uses of these leguminous pods, the pods are directly consumed in their raw form and on a lesser scale in their cooked form. It was also observed that a minority use it as flour which is then ingested principally in the form of pito and api. Afterwards a chemical bromatologic analysis was done and it was determined that there was a high content of carbohydrates and fiber, a relatively good percentage of protein and a low ethereal extract, standing out more than the minerals calcium and iron. It was also determined that the highest content of protein and ethereal extract show P.laevigata var. andicola and P.nigra, the fiber P.laevigata var. andicola, and P.pallida calories. The species with the most concentration of the minerals phosphorus, iron, and calcium were P.pallida and P.nigra. The biological tests for the protein quality performed for the two species that were the most consumed show poor results of Real Digestibility (Dr), Net Use of Real Protein (UNPr), Real Biological Value (VBr), and the Relation of the Efficiency of Protein (PER). These are considerably becoming better through a thermic process (toasted 10min). The leguminous cereal complementation (corn-carob tree), favorably increased all of the biological indexes. The species P.pallida showed superiority compared to the results obtained for P.leavigata var. andicola. In the meantime these species can be considered a good energy source and with the combination of cereals can effectively cover caloric protein deficiencies.
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Ingarfield, Patricia Jean. "Effect of water stress and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the plant growth and antioxidant potential of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis and Pelargonium sidoides DC." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2794.
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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Pelargoniums have been studied extensively for their medicinal properties. P. reniforme and P. sidoides in particular are proven to possess antimicrobial, antifungal and antibiotic abilities due to their high antioxidant potential from compounds isolated from their tuberous roots. These plants have now been added to the medicine trade market and this is now causing concern for conservationists and they are generally harvested from the wild populations. This study evaluated the effect of water stress alone and in conjunction with arbuscular mycorrhiza on two species of Pelargoniums grown in a soilless medium. The experiment consisted of five different watering regimes which were applied to one hundred plants of each species without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza and to one hundred plants of each species in conjunction with inoculation with AM. All the plants in the experiment were fed with a half-strength, standard Hoagland nutrient solution at varying rates viz. once daily to pot capacity, every three days to pot capacity, every six days to pot capacity, every twelve days to pot capacity and every twenty-four days to pot capacity. The objectives of the study were to measure the nutrient uptake, SPAD-502 levels (chlorophyll production) and metabolite (phenolics) formation of both species, grown under various rates of irrigation and water stress, as well with or without the addition of arbuscular mycorrhiza at planting out. Each treatment consisted of 10 replicates. SPAD-502 levels were measured weekly using a hand held SPAD-502 meter. Determination of nutrient uptake of macronutrients N, K, P, Ca, Mg and Na and micronutrients Cu, Zn, Mn, Al and B were measured from dry plant material at the end of the experiment by Bemlab, 16 Van Der Berg Crescent, Gants Centre, Strand. Plant growth in terms of wet and dry shoot and root weight were measured after harvest. Determination of concentrations of secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds) were assayed and measured spectrophotometrically at the end of the experiment. The highest significant reading of wet shoot weight for P. reniforme was taken in treatments 1 and 2 with and without mycorrhiza i.e. WF1, WF1M, WF2 and WF2M, with the highest mean found in WF1 with no mycorrhiza. This indicates that under high irrigation AM plays no part in plant growth, possibly due to leaching. More research is necessary in this regard. With regard to wet root weight, this was found to be not significant in any of the treatments, other than the longest roots being found in WF4. Measurements for dry root weight showed that WF1,2,3 and 5 were the most significant at P≤ 0.001 significance, with the highest weight found at treatment being WF3 and WF3M. The highest mean of shoot length of the plants was measured in treatment WF2 at moderate watering, but no statistical difference was found with water application and mycorrhiza addition. Nutrient uptake was increased in P. sidoides in all the different watering levels in the experiment except in the uptake of Mg. AM inoculation showed an increase in the uptake of Ca, while absorption of N occurred at higher water availability. K uptake was enhanced by the addition of AM in high water availability and K utilisation decreased as water stress increased. Medium to low watering resulted in higher leaf content in P. sidoides while the interaction between water availability and AM inoculation increased chlorophyll production towards the end of the experiment.
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Ankrom, Katharine Elizabeth. "Identification of a new nematode species in Ohio and soil factor effects on plant nutrition of soybean." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468842700.
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Lindhorst, Kathleen. "Antioxidant activity of phenolic fraction of plant products ingested by the Maasai." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/MQ44206.pdf.
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Liu, Juhong. "Cobalt : physiological effects and uptake mechanisms in plants /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl7835.pdf.
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Alloush, Ghiath Ahmad. "The mechanism of mobilization of iron from soil minerals in the rhizosphere of Cicer arietinum L." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277495.
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Zeitouny, Joelle. "Wild edible plant consumption and age-related cataracts in a rural Lebanese elderly population: a case control study." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19235.
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The Mediterranean diet is characterized by considerable diversity and high consumption of wild leafy greens which are excellent sources of antioxidants, including lutein and zeaxanthin. The latter are the only carotenoids present in the human lens and observational and intervention studies suggest they may be protective against age-related cataracts. To better understand the role of dietary diversity in general (and lutein and zeaxanthin in particular) in preventing age-related cataracts and the determinants of wild leafy greens' consumption, dietary and socioeconomic data were collected from one hundred cases and one hundred controls randomly selected from Hermel, a poor and fairly traditional Lebanese rural area. Results showed that dietary diversity and antioxidants (including but not limited to lutein and zeaxanthin) are inversely related to age-related cataracts and that wild leafy greens seem to contribute substantially to the protection against age-related cataracts by optimizing nutrient and antioxidant intake especially in those of low socio-economic status.Le régime Méditerranéen est caractérisé par une diversité considérable et une consommation élevée de plantes vertes sauvages, qui constituent d'excellentes sources d'antioxydants, y compris la lutéine et zéaxanthine. Ces-derniers sont les seuls caroténoïdes présents dans la lentille humaine et des études observationnelles et interventionnelles suggèrent qu'ils pourraient protéger contre la cataracte liée à l'âge. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle de la diversité alimentaire en général (et de la lutéine et zéaxanthine en particulier) dans la prévention de la cataracte liée à l'âge et les déterminants de la consommation de plantes vertes sauvages, des données socio-économiques et alimentaires ont été collectées de cent cas et cent témoins sélectionnés arbitrairement de Hermel, une région rurale pauvre et traditionnelle libanaise. Les résultats ont montré que la diversité alimentaire et les antioxydants (y compris mais non limité à la lutéine et zéaxanthine) sont inversement reliés à la cataracte liée à l'âge et que les plantes vertes sauvages sembleraient contribuer substantiellement à la protection contre la cataracte liée à l'âge en optimisant l'apport de nutriments et d'antioxydants, particulièrement chez les personnes ayant un statut socio-économique peu élevé.
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Orsini, Elena. "Understanding molecular and physiological aspects of plant mineral nutrition : strategies for phosphorus and sulfur uptake /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17608.
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Rein, William Henry. "Stock plant nutrition and stem cutting water relations during propagation of four woody nursery crops." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41616.
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To evaluate the effects of stock plant nutrition and propagation medium moisture content on stem cutting propagation, two separate studies were conducted. In one study, stem cuttings of Juniperus horizontalis Moench ‘Wiltonii’, Rhododendron (Lindl.) Planch ‘Hino-Crimson’, and Ilex crenata ‘Helleri’, were propagated in 1 peat : 1 perlite (v/v) at 125 %, 250 %, 375 %, 500 %, and 625 % moisture. Stem cutting survival and rooting, midday xylem water potential, and basal water uptake all generally increased with increasing medium moisture level. Incidence of cutting basal rot was not directly related to medium moisture level, but was related to species and growth stage of the stock plant. Basal water uptake by cuttings was highest during the first few days after insertion and thereafter decreased until root emergence. Propagation was most successful in the wettest medium (625 %).
In a second study, containerized stock plants of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Rotundifolia’ were liquid-fertilized with 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg N · liter⁻¹ in two forms (100 % NH₄NO₃ or 50 % Urea + 50 % NH₄NO₃) in a factorial treatment design. Percent rooting of stem cuttings decreased linearly with fertilizer rate. Leaf and stem percent N increased from suboptimal to excessive levels with fertilizer rate. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) levels increased in leaves and remained constant in stems with increasing fertilizer rate. Stem cutting percent moisture was highly correlated with fertilizer rate. The form of N applied made no statistical difference in these trends. The decrease in percent rooting with increasing fertilizer rate was attributed to increases in shoot growth activity.Master of Science
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Molteno, Steve. "The characterization of Rooibos tea soils and their effects on nitrogen nutrition of the plant." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26686.
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Alzaghibi, Mohammed Abdullah. "Instructional design : development, implementation and evaluation of a teaching sequence about plant nutrition in Saudi." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1084/.
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The aim of this study was to design, implement and evaluate a teaching sequence about plant nutrition for male Saudi students aged 15-16. Considering the Saudi context, conducting a study related to developing instructional materials is likely to be beneficial as the Ministry of Education is currently reforming science education, including developing new science textbooks. The choice to target plant nutrition was influenced by the significance of this topic in school biology and the widespread misunderstandings that students hold about it. A case study methodology employing a design research approach was used, involving four teachers and 131 students (from two schools). A design model was used to design the teaching sequence that brings together, using specific design tools, theoretical perspectives on learning and teaching, and empirical findings on students’ ideas about plant nutrition to inform specific decisions about teaching plant nutrition in the Saudi context. The resulting design was evaluated using an evaluation model that measures the match between what was intended from teachers and students and what they actually did, and what was expected from students in terms of learning and what they actually learnt. Data were collected using videos, written probes, interviews and classroom written work. Findings from the evaluation suggest that the sequence helped students to acquire factual knowledge relating to photosynthesis, as well as develop a conceptual understanding of the nature of plant food and the source of extra biomass. However, it was less effective with regard to promoting long-term retention of conceptual understanding. This limited effectiveness may be due to overlooking the relationships between photosynthesis and respiration, food and energy in the design, and providing a relatively limited focus on the construction and practice of scientific explanations. Based on evaluation results, some revisions were identified and a set of guidelines for teaching plant nutrition in Saudi schools was developed. Findings from interviews with teachers and students point out that both the teachers and students appreciated the sequence and associated pedagogic strategies, although these differed considerably from usual practice. Some general implications for designing and evaluating teaching sequences are proposed. In addition, specific implications for teaching scientific concepts in the Saudi context as part of a reform of science education are highlighted. Finally, suggestions for future research are identified.
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Satija, Ambika. "Plant-Based Diets and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201752.
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Plant-based diets, defined as “vegetarian” diets, are associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD). To examine the health effects of gradual reductions in animal food consumption while increasing plant food intake, and to distinguish between healthy and less healthy plant foods, we created three graded plant-based diet indices using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (SFFQ). In the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), all plant foods received positive scores while animal foods received reverse scores. In the healthful PDI (hPDI) healthy plant foods (e.g. whole grains, fruits) received positive scores, while less healthy plant foods (e.g. sweetened beverages, refined grains) and animal foods received reverse scores. In the unhealthful PDI (uPDI) less healthy plant foods received positive scores, while healthy plant foods and animal foods received reverse scores. This dissertation examined the reliability and validity of these diet indices, and evaluated their associations with T2D and CHD incidence.
In chapter 1, we used data from The Women’s and Men’s Lifestyle Validation Studies (n=1354) to examine the reliability and validity of SFFQ-assessed plant-based diet indices. We found reasonable one-year reliability for the SFFQ-assessed indices. The indices correlated with energy-adjusted 7-day diet record nutrients and plasma biomarkers in expected directions, with hPDI associated with high dietary quality, and uPDI associated with poor diet quality.
In chapters 2 and 3, we examined the associations of these indices with T2D and CHD. We included ~70,000 women from Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1984-2012), ~90,000 women from NHS2 (1991-2011), and ~40,000 men from Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2010). Dietary data were collected every 2-4 years using SFFQs. We documented 16,162 incident T2D, and 7754 incident CHD cases during ~4,00,000 person-years of follow-up. In pooled multivariable-adjusted analysis, PDI was inversely associated with T2D and CHD. hPDI had a stronger inverse association with both endpoints, while uPDI was positively associated with both diseases.
In conclusion, we found reasonable reliability and validity for three graded plant-based diet indices assessed with SFFQs. Our study suggests that plant-based diets, especially when rich in high-quality plant foods, are associated with substantially lower risk of T2D and CHD.
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Grandi, Sonia. "Social and health implications of plant remedies of the James Bay Cree for symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18294.
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In order to develop a culturally appropriate strategy to contend with the rising type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) epidemic among Canadian Aboriginals, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. The study assessed current consumption trends of traditional foods (TF) and medicines (TM) and in vitro antioxidant and anti-atherogenic potential of eight medicinal plants used for treatment of symptoms of DM2. Interviews with 173 adults of Mistissini revealed a decreased consumption of TFs and TMs in younger generations in comparison to elders (p<0.05). Four plants demonstrated free radical scavenging activity akin to standard controls (p<0.05). All plants effectively protected against the cytotoxic effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) in relation to controls (p<0.05). All plants significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation compared to ox-LDL (p<0.05). Further animal and clinical trials are needed, but these plants, may in the least, contribute positively to an intervention strategy incorporating traditional plants in treatment of symptoms of DM2.À fin de développer une stratègie qui contreint à l’augmentation marqué du diabète du type 2 (DM2), l’épidemie affectant les peuples Indigènes du Canada, certaines analyses qualitatives et quantitatives ont été realisées. L’étude à demontré les habitudes de consommation des aliments traditionnels et médicinales ainsi que le potentiel antioxydants et cardioprotecteurs in vitro de huit plantes médicinales utliser pour le traitement des symptômes du DM2. Des entrevues avec 173 adultes venant de Mistissini a révélé une diminution de la consommation d’aliments et de médecines traditionnelles pour la génération plus jeune contrairement aux aînés (p<0.05). Quatre plantes ont révélé une activité comparable aux contrôles pour réduire les radicaux oxydants (p<0.05). Toutes les plantes ont démontré une protection contre les effets cytotoxiques du lipoprotéine à basse densité oxyder (ox-LDL) par rapport aux contrôles (p<0.05). Toutes les plantes ont empêché significativement la péroxydation des lipides comparés à ox-LDL (p<0.05). Des études cliniques et in vivo seront necessaires, mais ces plantes, néanmoins, contribuent positivement à une stratégie interventionel pour DM2.
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Yong, Yi. "Antioxidant capacity and bioavailabilty of active constituents of «Larix laricina», a medicinal plant used to treat Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117185.
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and contribute to the onset of many associated complications. Larix laricina is a native medicinal plant highly respected by the Cree elders and healers of James Bay, Québec, and has been used to treat diabetes related symptoms for generations. Previous studies have validated the strong anti-diabetic potential of L. laricina as well as its significant antioxidant activities and high polyphenol content. Here, we explore antioxidant activity as an underlying mechanism of anti-diabetic effects of L. laricina, hypothesizing that polyphenols represent the most active constituents, efficiently scavenging endogenous and deleterious ROS. This thesis investigated the antioxidant capacity and bioavailability of active constituents of L. laricina. Using Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) assay, the antioxidant potential of L. laricina extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated and major antioxidants were identified. Using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal absorption and liquid chromatography – mass spectroscopy (ESI-LC-MS/MS) to detect and quantify metabolites, the permiability to active constituents were determined. The L. laricina crude extract possessed strong antioxidant potential in vitro (7.1 ± 0.3 Trolox equivalents (TE) μM /mg). Among the L. laricina 16 fractions, fraction 10 showed the highest antioxidant capacity (21.840 ± 1.679 μM TE/mg). Among the isolated pure compounds, the stilbene rhaponticin identified from fraction 10 showed the strongest antioxidant activity (24.620 ± 1.116 μM TE/mg). The subsequent Caco-2 transport study demonstrated that none of the identified compounds were detectable in basolateral samples after treatment with crude extract. In monolayers treated with fraction 10 (60% rhaponticin), however, small quantities of rhaponticin were detected in basolateral samples. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of rhaponticin were 1.857 × 10-8 cm/sec (0 min – 60 min) and 1.455 × 10-9 cm/sec (60 min – 120 min). In the ORAC assay of basolateral samples, L. laricina crude extract and rhaponticin showed a trend for stronger antioxidant benefits compared with control.L. laricina possesses very significant antioxidant potential in vitro, specifically its most active constituent, rhaponticin. However, rhaponticin and other active constituents appear to possess low permeability in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. More study is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms regulating the absorption of polyphenols including rhaponticin of L. laricina.Les espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ROS) jouent un rôle central dans la pathogenèse de diabète de type 2 (DT2) et contribuent à l'apparition de nombreuses complications diabétiques. Une plante médicinale indigène au Canada, Larix laricina est hautement respecté par les aînés et guérisseurs Cris de la région baie James, au Québec, qui l'utilisent pour traiter les symptômes liés au diabète depuis des générations. Plusieurs études antérieures démontrent la potentiel antidiabétique de L. laricina ainsi que ses puissantes propriétés antioxydantes et une richesse en composés polyphénoliques. Ici, nous explorons les activités antioxydantes comme un mécanisme sous-jacent des effets anti-diabétiques de L. laricina en faisant l'hypothèse que les polyphénols représentent les éléments les plus actifs, balayagant ROS. Cette thèse porte sur la capacité antioxydante et la biodisponibilité des principes actifs de L. laricina.En utilisant l'analyse de capacité d'absorption des radicaux oxygénés (ORAC), le potentiel antioxydant des extraits et des composés isolés a été évalué et les antioxydants majeurs ont été identifiés. En servir des cultures monocouche de cellules Caco-2 comme modèle de l'absorption intestinale et la chromatographie liquide - spectrométrie de masse (ESI-LC-MS/MS) pour détecter et quantifier les métabolites, la perméabilité de constituants actifs ont été déterminés.L'extrait brut L. laricina possédait un potentiel antioxydant puissant in vitro (7.1 ± 0.3 équivalents Trolox (TE) μM /mg). On a ensuite poursuivi les actifs par la méthode dite de fractionnement guidé par épreuves les bioessais. Parmi les 16 fractions de l'extrait brut, la fraction 10 a montré la plus grande capacité antioxydante (21.8 ± 1.7 μM TE / mg). Parmi les composés isolés purs, la rhaponticin – un glycoside stilbène identifiés à partir de la fraction 10 – a montré l`activité antioxydante la plus forte (24.6 ± 1.1μM TE / mg). L'étude ultérieure de transport à travers les monocouches Caco-2 a démontré qu'aucun des composés identifiés ont été décelés dans les échantillons basolatérales après le traitement avec l'extrait brut. En monocouches traités par fraction 10 (60% rhaponticin), cependant, de petites quantités de rhaponticin ont été détectés dans des échantillons basolatéral. Les coefficients de perméabilité apparente (Papp) de rhaponticin étaient 1.86 × 10-8 cm / s (0 - 60 mn) et 1.46 × 10-9 cm / s (60 min - 120 min). Toutefois, les analyses ORAC avec les échantillons récoltées basolatérales indiquaient que l'activité antioxydantes ont augmenté avec le temps de manière légèrement et non-significativement plus accélérée si le côté apical a été traitée avec l'extrait brut ou rhaponticin par rapport au témoin.L. laricina possède un potentiel antioxydant très significative in vitro, en particulier sa composante la plus active, rhaponticin. Cependant, rhaponticin et d'autres constituants actifs semblent posséder une faible perméabilité dans le modèle Caco-2 monocouche cellulaire. Plus d'études sont nécessaires pour élucider les mécanismes sous-jacents régissant l'absorption des polyphénols dont rhaponticin de L. laricina.
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Thomas, C. L. "High throughput phenotyping of root and shoot traits in Brassica to identify novel genetic loci for improved crop nutrition." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43440/.
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Despite the success of breeding for high-yielding varieties during and since the ‘Green Revolution’, there are still an ever increasing number of people who suffer from malnutrition, due to both inadequate calorie intake and ‘hidden hunger’ from insufficient essential nutrients. There are also adverse impacts of such high-input, intensive agriculture on the wider environment. It is necessary therefore to focus breeding efforts on improving nutrient uptake and composition of crops, as well as improved yield. Roots have been an under-utilised focus of crop breeding, because of difficulty in observation and accurate measurement. Furthermore, genetic diversity in crop roots may have been lost in commercial varieties because of the focus on above-ground traits and the use of fertilisers. Techniques which can accurately measure phenotypic variation in roots, of a diverse range of germplasm at a high throughput, would increase the potential for identifying novel genetic loci related to improved nutrient uptake and composition. The aim of this PhD was to screen at high throughput in a controlled-environment, the roots of an array of Brassica napus germplasm. The validity of the system to predict field performance, in traits including early vigour, nutrient composition and yield was assessed. Genetic loci underlying variation for the root traits were also investigated. A high throughput screen of the mineral composition of a mutagenised B. rapa population was also conducted, with the aim of identifying mutants with enhanced mineral composition of human essential elements, particularly magnesium. It has been demonstrated that root traits in the high throughput system can predict field performance, particularly primary root length which has the greatest ‘broad-sense heritability’ and relates to early vigour and yield. Lateral root density on the otherhand was found across the studies to relate to mineral composition, particularly of micro-nutrients. Genetic loci underlying root traits, and enhanced magnesium accumulation have been identified, and have potential for use in breeding Brassica with improved mineral nutrition.
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Ades, Dennis Raymond. "The role of iron nutrition in regulating patterns of photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in the green alga Scenedesmus quadricauda." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3649.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of iron nutrition on patterns of photosynthetic behavior, nitrogen metabolism, and fixed-carbon allocation is reported for a common freshwater green alga. Cultures of Scenedesmus quadricauda were grown in Fraquil medium in which iron concentrations ranged from 1.0 μM to 0.01 μM (log 10-6 to 10-8 M, respectively). Carbon 14 and nitrogen uptake experiments were conducted at photosynthetically saturating and subsaturating photon flux densities.
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Cruz, David Ricardo Jimenez. "Influence of soils, nutrition, and water relations upon charcoal rot disease processes in Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10747.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Plant Pathology
Christopher R. Little
Christopher R. Little
Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is the most important soybean disease in Kansas. Several strategies have been recommended to control this disease including crop rotation, lower plant densities, biological control, plant resistance and tolerance, and fungicide application. However, those techniques have not been completely effective and the information concerning soil texture, irrigation and micronutrient fertility (particularly manganese) upon charcoal rot disease severity and the pathogen population is limited. The objective of this study was to determine key factors that affect the biology of M. phaseolina and charcoal rot processes under laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions. M. phaseolina microsclerotia were produced from PDA pure isolate and infested Japanese millet in the laboratory and characterized by different techniques such as serial dilutions in semi selective media with the aim to produce quality inoculum to reliably infect soybean seedling roots under greenhouse conditions; production of inoculum by infesting Japanese millet was the most efficient method. Root colonization and root infection of soybean seedlings was assessed through the use of M. phaseolina inoculum under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Root infection by M. phaseolina and microsclerotia longevity in soil is determined by environmental factors such as soil moisture content, soil texture and source of inoculum. The objective of the greenhouse study was to determine the impact of these variables on seedling root infection at the V1 and V2 development stages. Artificial soils with different textures were infested; M. phaseolina microsclerotia and soybean seedlings were exposed to different soil moisture contents including pot saturation, pot (field) capacity, and permanent wilting point. Soil populations and levels of root colonization for the stages were assessed by estimating CFUs and root length. Results indicate that soil texture has a significant impact upon root morphology and root length. Root populations of M. phaseolina were significantly higher in sandy soil textures and lower in the fine-textured soils, suggesting an impact of soil water holding capacity in the root infection process. The effect of water stress on seedling root colonization by M. phaseolina indicates that early infection may be more important than previously thought. A field study was also conducted to determine the effect of the aforementioned variables in a 2-year field experiment conducted at two Kansas locations. Pathogen colonization was iii assessed by measuring colony-forming units (CFUs) from ground root tissue at R2-R4 (post-flowering/early pod development) and R8 (maturity) stages. Soil populations (pre-planting and post-harvest) of M. phaseolina, yield parameters, and plant characteristics were obtained. Results indicated that there are complex relationships between soil physiochemical properties (pH, NPK content, exchangeable cations, and organic matter) and soil texture (sand, soil, and clay composition), which may mitigate disease severity and pathogen levels in host tissue. Results also indicated that in natural M. phaseolina-infested soils, cropping history and soil texture play an important role in charcoal rot processes and influence the levels of pathogen soil populations, root colonization at maturity and, more importantly, soybean yield.