Journal articles on the topic 'Plant nutrients'
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1
Mattson, Neil S., and Marc W. van Iersel. "Application of the “4R” Nutrient Stewardship Concept to Horticultural Crops: Applying Nutrients at the “Right Time”." HortTechnology 21, no. 6 (December 2011): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.6.667.
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The 4R nutrient stewardship framework presents four concepts to consider when applying fertilizers in a responsible matter; the “right source” of nutrients should be applied at the “right rate” during the “right time” and supplied to the “right place” to ensure their uptake. In this article, we provide ideas to consider when attempting to provide nutrients at the right time. When nutrients are applied at a time when they are not required by the plant, the result can be economic and environmental losses. Oversupply relative to plant demand can result in losses of applied nutrients because of leaching or volatilization. Undersupply relative to demand, especially in the case of phloem-immobile nutrients, may limit plant growth and yield. Several factors interact to affect plant nutrient demand such as growth stage, life history (annual vs. perennial), environmental conditions, and plant health. Techniques such as soil and tissue testing, isotopic labeling, and spectral reflectance have been used with varying degrees of success and expense to measure plant nutrient demand and guide fertilizer decisions. Besides knowledge of plant nutrient demand, efficient nutrient supply also depends on systems that allow precise spatial and temporal delivery of nutrients. Future improvements to the timing of nutrient delivery will depend on improvement in knowledge of plant nutrient demands. For example, targeted gene expression chips show promise for use in rapidly assessing plant status for a broad suite of nutrients. Future developments that allow more precise nutrient delivery or more robust agroecosystems that scavenge available nutrients before they are lost to the environment will also help producers use nutrients more efficiently.
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Ardianti, Arini Ayu, Faris Nur Fauzi Athallah, Restu Wulansari, and Kurniawan Sigit Wicaksono. "The relationship Between Soil Chemical Properties and Uptake of Tea Plant Nutrient in PTPN VI Jambi." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2022.009.1.20.
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Healthy soil could support plant growth by optimizing the availability of nutrients. The availability of nutrients influences the health of tea plants. Nutrient deficiencies would affect the plant physiology that exhibits the plant withering. This study aimed to define the relationship between soil nutrient availability with plant nutrient uptake. This research was conducted by managing secondary data soil chemical properties, and tea plant nutrients analyzed statistically with Pearson correlation. This study only found a significant correlation between soil pH with P and Mg uptake. Correlation results between soil nutrient and plant nutrient uptake obtained a significantly negative correlation on soil pH with P and Mg nutrients with a correlation value of pH-P (r=-0.52), pH-Mg (r=-0.52). There was no correlation between other soil nutrients and plant nutrient uptake. The results of this study can be used to determine the dose of fertilization and the management recommendation of tea plants.
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Granstedt, Artur. "The potential for Swedish farms to eliminate the use of artificial fertilizers." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 6, no. 3 (September 1991): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004070.
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AbstractThis paper discusses data on plant-nutrient conservation in Sweden between 1950 and 1980 and on plant-nutrient balances in conventional and alternative farming. The amounts of plant nutrients supplied in the form of artificial fertilizer in Sweden increased severalfold between 1950 and 1980. The amounts of N and P applied were four times higher than those recovered in agricultural products. This difference not only represents a loss to farmers but also a burden on the environment. This problem is a consequence of the increased separation of crop management from animal husbandry in Sweden. The flow of plant nutrients through the agroecosystem can be represented as follows: Artificial Fertilizers- > Crop Production-> Animal Husbandry- > Losses (air, water, or immobilization).This paper suggests that all farms in Sweden can operate effectively without relying on applications of highly soluble plant nutrients. By recirculating plant nutrients in manure and cultivating nitrogen-fixing species, the need for artificial fertilizers can be eliminated while minimizing nutrient losses and their associated adverse effects on the environment. Successful alternative farms provide practical examples of how a farming system can eliminate its dependence on applications of highly soluble plant nutrients by stressing effective nutrient economy and biological activity. The strategies they use include: matching animal management practices to the farm's own production of feed, thereby reducing net removal of plant nutrients per unit area (in Sweden 0.6–0.8 animal units per ha); minimizing nutrient losses through careful manure management and by using cover crops; and supplying N by nitrogen-fixing ley species, and P and K by soil weathering and by applying supplementary soil improvement materials.
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Anderson, Wendy B., and William G. Eickmeier. "Nutrient resorption in Claytonia virginica L.: implications for deciduous forest nutrient cycling." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-056.
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According to the vernal dam hypothesis, spring ephemeral herbs temporarily sequester large nutrient pools in deciduous forests prior to canopy closure and return the nutrients to the soil following senescence of aboveground tissues. However, many species resorb nutrients from their leaves back to belowground tissues during senescence, and the degree of resorption is often associated with soil nutrient availability. Species that store large proportions of their absorbed nutrients between years are not participating in the temporary sequestering and rapid recycling of nutrients implied by the vernal dam. We investigated the extent to which Claytonia virginica L. sequestered and returned nutrients to the soil in response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. We tested the effect of nutrient availability on nutrient use efficiency, resorption efficiency, and resorption proficiency (% nutrient in senescent leaves) of Claytonia. Nutrient additions significantly decreased N but not P use efficiency of Claytonia, particularly as the growing season progressed. Nutrient additions also significantly reduced N resorption efficiency from 80 to 47% and decreased P resorption efficiency from 86 to 56%. N and P resorption proficiencies were also significantly lower in senesced leaves of fertilized plants: N concentrations were 2.33% when unfertilized and 4.13% when fertilized, while P concentrations were 0.43% when unfertilized versus 0.57% when fertilized. When unfertilized, Claytonia was more efficient at resorption compared with other spring herbs, but similar to other species when fertilized. However, Claytonia was much less proficient in resorbing nutrients than other reported plants, because senescent tissues maintained substantially higher concentrations of N and P, particularly when fertilized. In conclusion, Claytonia, an important spring ephemeral species, exhibits physiological responses that emphasize its role in the vernal dam by its temporary sequestration and substantial, rapid return of nutrients in deciduous forests. Adding nutrients to the site increases the total mass and the relative proportion of nutrients that Claytonia returns to the soil rather than sequestering between seasons, which ultimately increases nutrient recycling rates within the entire system.Key words: Claytonia virginica, nutrient response, resorption efficiency, nutrient cycling, spring ephemerals, vernal dam.
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Havlin, John, and Ron Heiniger. "Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091349.
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Increasing crop productivity per unit of land area to meet future food and fiber demand increases both soil nutrient removal and the importance of replenishing soil fertility through efficient nutrient management practices. Significant progress in enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in production agriculture requires improved estimates of plant-available nutrients in the root zone, enhanced crop response to applied nutrients, and reduced offsite nutrient transport. This special issue, Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production, presents 15 manuscripts that advance our knowledge of interrelated soil, plant, and management factors important to increasing the nutrient availability and crop recovery of applied nutrients.
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Sivard, Å., T. Ericsson, and B. Larsson. "Strategy for nutrient control in modern effluent treatment plants." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (March 1, 2007): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.224.
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The fate of nutrients in the modern effluent treatment plant depends on several factors, for example type of treatment plant, availability of nutrients in the specific effluent, dosing of nutrients and sludge age/production. New technologies with the aim to increase the efficiency and stability of the conventional activated sludge process have strongly affected the possibilities to control discharge of nutrients in pulp and paper effluents. A paradox is that a reduction of organic material may often lead to an increase of nutrient discharges. It is of the utmost importance that the operators have good knowledge of the factors affecting nutrient uptake and release in order to minimise nutrient discharge and obtain optimal plant performance. Dosing of nitrogen and phosphorus is one key factor in the sensitive balance in most pulp and paper effluent treatment plants. Correct dosing is crucial as high or low doses might lead not only to increased discharge of nutrients but also to severe operational problems with poor sludge quality, which in turn affects the plant performance for longer periods.
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Roberts, Roland K. "Plant Nutrient Demand Functions for Tennessee with Prices of Jointly Applied Nutrients." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 18, no. 2 (December 1986): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200006154.
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AbstractSeveral studies have estimated plant nutrient demand functions for nitrogen, phosphate, and potash. All included own-price effects but excluded prices of jointly applied nutrients. In this study, nutrient demand functions, which include prices of all three nutrients, are estimated for Tennessee by seemingly unrelated regression. Results suggest that cross-price eflfects are important in determining plant nutrient demand, at least in the case of Tennessee, and that multicollinearity need not be a hindrance in all cases to including cross-price eflfects in plant nutrient demand models.
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Asghari, Hamid Reza, and Timothy Richard Cavagnaro. "Arbuscular mycorrhizas enhance plant interception of leached nutrients." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 3 (2011): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10180.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant growth and nutrition. However, their capacity to reduce the leaching of nutrients through the soil profile is less well understood. Here we present results of an experiment in which the effects of forming arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) on plant growth and nutrition, nutrient depletion from soil, and nutrient leaching, were investigated in microcosms containing the grass Phalaris aquatica L. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were grown in a mixture of riparian soil and sand under glasshouse conditions. The formation of AM by P. aquatica significantly increased plant growth and nutrient uptake. Lower levels of NO3–, NH4+ and plant available P in both soil and leachate were observed in columns containing mycorrhizal root systems. These differences in nutrient interception were proportionally greater than the increase in root biomass of the mycorrhizal plants, compared with their non-mycorrhizal counterparts. Taken together, these data indicate that mycorrhizal root systems have an important, but previously little considered, role to play reducing the net loss of nutrients via leaching.
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Limwikran, Tanawan, Irb Kheoruenromne, Anchalee Suddhiprakarn, Nattaporn Prakongkep, and Robert J. Gilkes. "Most Plant Nutrient Elements Are Retained by Biochar in Soil." Soil Systems 3, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3040075.
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Biochar may contain substantial amounts of plant nutrient elements, and at typical rates of application, may supply luxury levels of K, Ca, P, and other plant nutrients. However, little is known of the agronomic effectiveness of these nutrients because they exist in diverse compounds and are located in the microporous matrix of biochar particles. We have identified the compounds and location of nutrient elements in three biochars and observed their release from biochar particles in soil. Much K was quickly released from biochar but little or no Ca, Mg, S, and P were released over eight months, which represents a very different behavior from chemical fertilizers that are mostly water soluble. There is clearly a need to determine the availability to plant nutrients in biochar. Appropriate laboratory methods should be developed for measuring the availability of plant nutrients as standard methods of fertilizer analysis are ineffective.
10
Wright, Robert D. "The Pour-through Nutrient Extraction Procedure." HortScience 21, no. 2 (April 1986): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.2.227.
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Abstract Nutrient absorption and subsequent plant growth is related to an adequate supply of the nutrient in the soil solution. Thus, fertilizer practices in a nursery and greenhouse should attempt to maintain nutrient levels in the soil solution that promote optimal growth (2, 3). Maintenance of nutrients for greenhouse and nursery crops is usually via slow-release fertilizer or frequent additions through the irrigation water, where mass flow rather than diffusion is probably the predominant process by which nutrients move to plant root surfaces. In effect, the container medium serves primarily as mechanical support for the plant, and, in contrast to mineral soil systems, nutrients adsorbed to the medium are insignificant in relation to the rate of nutrient uptake and subsequent plant growth. This is particularly true for macronutrients, although the extent that it applies to micronutrients is still not clear.
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Muhtar, Muhtar, and Zulmiftah Huda. "Desain Kontrol Sistem Telemetri pH Larutan Nutrisi Hidroponik Berbasis Fuzzy Logic." IJEIS (Indonesian Journal of Electronics and Instrumentation Systems) 9, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijeis.49198.
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The utilization of bare areas like narrow tract, building roof, or unused warehouse can be maximized as agricultural land using hydroponics system. Hydroponics is a cultivation technique by using nutrient solution. The plant nutrient is an alternative soil which relate with water acidity (pH), that has reaction with nutrient solubility to plant fertility. In fact, pH of the nutrients can change because of many factors like media of plant. The temperature of nutrient solution affect an ion nutrient absorption by plant root. The higher temperature reduces plant root ability to absorb water and ion nutrients. The more advanced technological developments, the agriculture can be controlled automatically and monitored remotely. The aim of this research is to make design control ph, volume and nutrients solution using fuzzy logic and zigbee pro communication for telematics control of plant hydroponics. The result of this experiment shown that fuzzy logic has effectiveness to control pH of hydroponics. It needs 429 seconds to setting point of range pH 5 ppm to 7 ppm and 459 seconds to setting point of range pH 9 ppm to 7 ppm.
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Teixeira, Leonardo H., Florencia A. Yannelli, Gislene Ganade, and Johannes Kollmann. "Functional Diversity and Invasive Species Influence Soil Fertility in Experimental Grasslands." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010053.
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Ecosystem properties can be positively affected by plant functional diversity and compromised by invasive alien plants. We performed a community assembly study in mesocosms manipulating different functional diversity levels for native grassland plants (communities composed by 1, 2 or 3 functional groups) to test if functional dispersion could constrain the impacts of an invasive alien plant (Solidago gigantea) on soil fertility and plant community biomass via complementarity. Response variables were soil nutrients, soil water nutrients and aboveground biomass. We applied linear mixed-effects models to assess the effects of functional diversity and S. gigantea on plant biomass, soil and soil water nutrients. A structural equation model was used to evaluate if functional diversity and invasive plants affect soil fertility directly or indirectly via plant biomass and soil pH. Invaded communities had greater total biomass but less native plant biomass than uninvaded ones. While functional diversity increased nutrient availability in the soil solution of uninvaded communities, invasive plants reduced nutrient concentration in invaded soils. Functional diversity indirectly affected soil water but not soil nutrients via plant biomass, whereas the invader reduced native plant biomass and disrupted the effects of diversity on nutrients. Moreover, invasive plants reduced soil pH and compromised phosphate uptake by plants, which can contribute to higher phosphate availability and its possible accumulation in invaded soils. We found little evidence for functional diversity to constrain invasion impacts on nutrients and plant biomass. Restoration of such systems should consider other plant community features than plant trait diversity to reduce establishment of invasive plants.
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Bugbee, Bruce. "284 Towards Efficient Nutrient Management in Recirculating Hydroponic Culture." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 491C—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.491c.
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There is an increasing need to recirculate and reuse nutrient solutions to reduce environmental and economic costs. However, one of the weakest points in hydroponics is the lack of information on managing the nutrient solution. Many growers and research scientists dump out nutrient solutions and refill at weekly intervals. Some authors have recommended measuring the concentrations of individual nutrients in solution as a key to nutrient control and maintenance. Dumping and replacing solution is unnecessary. Monitoring ions in solution is unnecessary; in fact the rapid depletion of some nutrients often causes people to add toxic amounts of nutrients to the solution. Monitoring ions in solution is interesting, but it is not the key to effective maintenance. During the past 18 years, we have managed nutrients in closed hydroponic systems according to the principle of “mass balance,” which means that the mass of nutrients is either in solution or in the plants. We add nutrients to the solution depending on what we want the plant to take up. Plants quickly remove their daily ration of some nutrients while other nutrients accumulate in the solution. This means that the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium can be at low levels in the solution (<0.1 mM) because these nutrients are in the plant where we want them. Maintaining a high concentrations of some nutrients in the solution (especially P, K, and Mn) can result in excessive uptake that can lead to nutrient imbalances.
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Steiner, Christoph, Keith Harris, Julia Gaskin, and K. C. Das. "The Nitrogen Contained in Carbonized Poultry Litter is not Plant Available." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0030.
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Abstract Pyrolysis of biomass, reduces its volume, mass, odour, and potential pathogens, while concentrating nutrients in the resulting biochar. However, the plant availability of nutrients in particular of nitrogen remains largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the nutrient availability of carbonized poultry litter. A nutrient poor soil was either fertilized with poultry litter or poultry litter carbonized at 500°C at the rates of 1.5, 3 and 6 t/ha. These organic amendments were compared with corresponding rates of mineral fertilizers (NH4NO3, KCl, CaHPO4, MgSO4) in a pot experiment. After four successive harvests of ryegrass (Lolium sp.) in a greenhouse we analyzed plant nutrient uptake and nutrient concentrations in the soil. While all treatments showed a linear increase in plant growth and nitrogen uptake, the plants fertilized with carbonized poultry litter did not show such a response. The carbonized poultry litter treatment produced more biomass than the unfertilized control, but the tissue concentration of nitrogen was below that of the control. Mehlich 1 extractable nutrients in the soil showed that there is more available phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the soil fertilized with the carbonized poultry manure, but these available nutrients were not utilized due to the nitrogen limitation to plant growth. The results clearly show that nitrogen contained in carbonized poultry litter is not available for plants
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Islam, Waqar, Arfa Tauqeer, Abdul Waheed, and Fanjiang Zeng. "MicroRNA Mediated Plant Responses to Nutrient Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 2562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052562.
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To complete their life cycles, plants require several minerals that are found in soil. Plant growth and development can be affected by nutrient shortages or high nutrient availability. Several adaptations and evolutionary changes have enabled plants to cope with inappropriate growth conditions and low or high nutrient levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized for transcript cleavage and translational reduction, and can be used for post-transcriptional regulation. Aside from regulating plant growth and development, miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating plant’s adaptations to adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, miRNAs are involved in plants’ sensory functions, nutrient uptake, long-distance root transport, and physiological functions related to nutrients. It may be possible to develop crops that can be cultivated in soils that are either deficient in nutrients or have extreme nutrient supplies by understanding how plant miRNAs are associated with nutrient stress. In this review, an overview is presented regarding recent advances in the understanding of plants’ responses to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, copper, iron, boron, magnesium, manganese, zinc, and calcium deficiencies via miRNA regulation. We conclude with future research directions emphasizing the modification of crops for improving future food security.
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Pandey, Meena, Jiban Shrestha, Subash Subedi, and Kabita Kumari Shah. "ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN WHEAT: A REVIEW." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.01.2020.18.23.
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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop that provides ample nutritious calories for humans and animals. The nutrient plays a vital role in the production of wheat. In this review, previous works were evaluated to investigate the role of nutrients, nutrient deficiency and toxicity in wheat. Both macro and micronutrients are necessary for wheat plants. Every nutrient has its own character and is involved in different metabolic processes of plant life. Nutrient deficiency and toxicity conditions inhibit normal plant growth and exhibit characteristic symptoms. For optimal growth, development, and production, plants need all the necessary nutrients in balance. A balanced application of the primary nutrients (N, P, K), secondary nutrient (S) and some other micronutrients (Zn, B) are needed to enhance wheat production. The soil tests and the demand for crop nutrients should be assessed to identify the quantity of fertilizer recommended for the crop. This study would be a valuable means to wheat growers and researchers for sustainable and higher wheat production.
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Masriah, Masriah. "Pengaruh Berbagai Perlakuan Nutrisi Larutan Hidroponik Pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica)." BIOSCIENTIAE 17, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/b.v17i2.3452.
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Hydroponic cultivation systems are often applied to overcome the shortage of agricultural land in this case food crops, especially vegetables. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is the one of various ways to grow crops hydroponically. Hydroponic systems are carried out without the use of soil media and it can be an alternative solution for the efficient use of land. Uniformity of nutrients and nutrient solution concentration levels required to be adjusted. Nutrient solution as a water supply source and minerals. Nutrition is an important factor for the growth and quality of hydroponic plants should be appropriate in terms of the number of ion composition of nutrients. This study aimed to determined the effect of various treatments of hydroponic nutrient solution on plant growth kale. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Kale seed sowing in the growing media rockwool and nourished by nutrient A, nutrient B, combination of nutrients A and B (3: 1), or a combination of nutrients A and B (1: 3). Plant growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and dry weight without root measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA and DMRT test with α = 95%. The results showed that affect the nutrient solution hydroponic plant growth kale. Kale plants with a combination of nutrient A and nutrient B ratio of 3: 1 (treatment C) give the best response compared with other treatments.
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Luo, Jia, Xiaoling Zhou, Yuxin Tian, Yongzhong Chen, and Longshen Chen. "Distribution of nutrients in Camellia oleifera Abel. and their correlation with soil nutrients over the period of fruit maturation." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49530.
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In order to provide the scientific basis for Camellia oleifera nutrient diagnosis and fertilizer formulation, the correlation between soil nutrients and nutrient elements in different organs of Camellia oleifera was studied in ten-year-old Camellia oleifera in Changning city. The results showed that among the nutrient elements, the content of N and P were the highest and lowest in various organs, respectively. Correspondingly, the highest content of macro-element in the soil was Ca. Besides, there were diverse relations among nutrients in soil and those in different organs of Camellia oleifera. Soil nutrients were most closely associated with that of stem, so was soil N, Zn, Mn, Pb and K with the plant nutrients. In addition, soil exchangeable Mn content was positively correlated with nutrients of different organs. Moreover, soil N showed highly significant correlation with N content in stem while soil Cd content was negatively correlated with Cd content of all organs. Thus, there prevails a complex interaction of nutrient elements in the soil and exists a synergy or/and antagonism effect among of elements in plants. Consequently, the understanding of effect of interaction between different elements might provide better idea for achieving the precise fertilization, which could further reduce costs and increase production.
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Manurung, Silvi Khairiyah, and Riri Syafitri Lubis. "Effectiveness of Decision Support System for Hydroponic Plant Nutrient Selection Using Apriori Algorithm Method." Sinkron 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i1.11975.
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Hydroponics is an agricultural system that uses water as its growing medium by adding nutrients to plants without using soil. In hydroponic cultivation, the thing that needs to be considered is the provision of an optimal dose of nutrient solution as a food source for plants. The provision of nutrients that are not in accordance with the needs of plants results in plants stopping growing, so that plants do not take care of each other. The type of nutrition commonly used in hydroponic plants is AB mix. However, the use of AB mix as a hydroponic nutrient also has disadvantages, namely synthetics and the price of AB mix nutrients are quite expensive. Therefore, alternative nutrients are needed that have the potential to be used as hydroponic nutrients. By analyzing hydroponic plant assessment data so that the rules of linkage between combinations of goods are found and form a pattern of itemset combinations with apriori algorithm. The association technique aims to find matching links in the database. From the results of data mining calculations using apriori algorithms, nutrient assessment data on hydroponic plants with the minimum support 20% and the minimum confidence 70%, formed five rules on hydroponic plant nutrition. One of the best rules is that AB mix nutrition is used on cucumber, spinach, celery, and kailan plants, so with 100% probability that POC nutrients will be good to also use on cucumber, spinach, celery, and kailan plants.
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Gao, Jie, Jiangfeng Wang, and Yanhong Li. "Effects of Soil Nutrients on Plant Nutrient Traits in Natural Pinus tabuliformis Forests." Plants 12, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040735.
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In light of global warming, the interaction between plant nutrient traits and soil nutrients is still unclear. Plant nutrient traits (e.g., N and P) and their stoichiometric relationships (N/P ratio) are essential for plant growth and reproduction. However, the specific role of soil nutrients in driving variation in plant nutrient traits remains poorly understood. Fifty natural Pinus tabuliformis forests were used as the research object to clarify the interaction between plant nutrient traits and soil nutrients. We show that: (1) The Nmass, Pmass and N/P ratios of leaves were significantly higher than those of roots. The N/P ratio of both leaves and roots was less than 14. (2) Leaf nutrient traits showed diverse relationship patterns with root nutrient traits throughout the growing period. Significant changes were found in root nutrient PC2 (the second principal component of root nutrient traits) and leaf nutrient PC1 (the first principal component of leaf traits), and non-significant changes were found in other relationships between leaf and root traits (p > 0.05). Root nutrient traits explained 36.4% of the variance in leaf nutrient traits. (3) With the increase in soil nutrient PC2 (related to N), leaf PC2 (related to N) showed a significant trend of first decreasing and then increasing (p < 0.05). Only the soil Nmass was significantly correlated with the leaf Nmass (p < 0.05), which demonstrated that the growth and survival of Pinus tabuliformis forests were mainly affected by N-limitation.
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Cakmakci, Talip, Ozlem Cakmakci, and Ustun Sahin. "The Effect of Biochar Amendment on Physiological and Biochemical Properties and Nutrient Content of Lettuce in Saline Water Irrigation Conditions." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 12 (December 20, 2022): 2560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i12.2560-2570.5653.
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Salinity often increases osmotic stress, reducing plant water uptake and inhibiting the absorption of nutrients and minerals. This imbalance situation causes physiological, biochemical disorders, and nutrient deficiencies in plants. In this study, the effects of biochar application on the physiological properties, nutrient contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of lettuce were investigated under saline irrigation water conditions. For this purpose, four different biochar doses and different irrigation water salinity levels were applied to the lettuce plant. In the study, biochar application under salt stress conditions decreased the Na, Fe, Zn content and antioxidant enzyme activity of the plant. Leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content (SPAD) and some nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, P, Cu and Mn) also increased. Therefore, biochar applied under salt irrigated water conditions offers good potential to reduce the severity of plant exposure to salinity stress. In addition, the biochar amendment helped the plant uptake of nutrients.
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Ma, Qifu, Zed Rengel, and Terry Rose. "The effectiveness of deep placement of fertilisers is determined by crop species and edaphic conditions in Mediterranean-type environments: a review." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08105.
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Much of our knowledge of plant growth in response to soil nutrient supply comes from studies under homogeneous soil conditions. However, the adoption of reduced or nil tillage and shallow banding of fertilisers at the time of seeding causes spatially variable distribution and availability of soil nutrients in agricultural lands. Soil available nutrients, particularly the poorly mobile ones such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu), stratify within the fertilised topsoil. In water-limited environments where the topsoil is prone to drying, soil nutrient stratification may influence nutrient availability and plant uptake because of impeded root growth or reduced diffusion of immobile nutrients to the root surface, or more likely a combination of both factors. Placing fertilisers deeper in the soil profile could increase nutrient acquisition and utilisation by plants as fertiliser nutrients are in the moist soil for a longer part of the growing season. However, the effectiveness of deep placement of fertilisers may also be determined by soil texture, tillage, fertilising history, nutrient mobility, and crop species. In Mediterranean-type climates of southern Australia, a yield response of winter crops to deep fertiliser mostly occurs on infertile sandy soils in low rainfall regions. This contrasts with the responses of winter and summer crops in northern Australia on soils with optimum-to-high nutrients but subjected to rapid and frequent drying of topsoil because of high temperatures and high evaporation demand during the growing season. The pattern of nutrient accumulation by crop species (indeterminate v. determinate) and the mobility of mineral nutrients in the phloem would also modify the effectiveness of deep-placed nutrients under drought. The complexity of plant responses to subsoil nutrition may suggest that before adopting deep fertiliser practice in a paddock it is essential to understand the effects of edaphic and climatic conditions, soil management, and plant–soil interactions in order to achieve maximum yield benefit.
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Thomson, V. P., and M. R. Leishman. "Survival of native plants of Hawkesbury Sandstone communities with additional nutrients: effect of plant age and habitat." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (2004): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03047.
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Australian soils are naturally low in nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Native plants are well adapted to low-nutrient soils, and can be adversely affected when exposed to higher concentrations of nutrients. The Hawkesbury Sandstone soils in northern Sydney are naturally low in nutrients, but often receive additional nutrient input from urban stormwater run-off. Increases in soil nutrients in urban bushland are associated with the presence of exotic species, and the decline in the diversity of native species. This study tested the hypothesis that high concentrations of nutrients, in particular P, in the disturbed soils of urban bushland, reduce survival of native plants. We examined the survival of native species under five different nutrient concentrations that are typical of nutrient-enriched urban bushland soil, in two glasshouse experiments. The experiments examined both survival of seedlings and survival of 6-month-old plants. We used native species that are adapted to both nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich soils. In general, the survival of native plants decreased with increasing nutrient concentrations. At soil total-P concentrations >200 mg kg–1, most plants died. Seedlings were more sensitive to added nutrients than the 6-month-old plants. Species that were from higher-nutrient soil had consistently higher survival than species from low-nutrient soils, under the nutrient addition treatments. These results suggest that at high soil nutrient concentrations typical of stormwater-affected urban bushland, native plant species of low-nutrient soils will be unable to survive. If ecological restoration works are to be done in such areas, replanting with more mature plants from naturally high-nutrient habitats is likely to be the most successful. However, restoration of these areas may have limited success and they are likely to remain dominated by exotic plant species.
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Gustiar, Fitra, Munandar Munandar, M. Amar, Arsi Arsi, Puspa A. Pitayati, Tri O. Amanah, and Nadiya Assyfa. "Growth of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) Hydroponic System Using Nutrients of Catfish Cultivation Waste." Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jlso.11.1.2022.560.
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Organic hydroponic cultivation systems require substitute nutrients other than inorganic fertilizers as a source of plant nutrients. Catfish cultivation waste is one of the potentials that can be used as hydroponic nutrients. This study aimed to find out the concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) from fish cultivation waste as a substitute for commercial inorganic nutrients on the growth of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). This research was carried out in 2 stages, namely the manufacture of LOF from catfish culture waste and experiments using LOF as hydroponic nutrients. The results of this study showed that the increase in LOF nutrient content in anaerobic fermentation was higher than in aerobic fermentation. The use of LOF as a hydroponic nutrient, based on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, SPAD value, root weight, crown weight, and dry weight obtained a smaller value that was significantly different compared to the inorganic nutrient treatment of AB mix. LOF concentration of 20%, both fermented aerobically and anaerobically, gave better growth when compared to higher concentration treatments. The nutrient content in LOF is difficult to adjust to the needs of hydroponic pakcoy, so that it will have a toxic impact on macro nutrients on the other hand, it also provides a response to micro nutrient deficiency.
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Shankar, Tanmoy, Ganesh Chandra Malik, Mahua Banerjee, Sudarshan Dutta, Subhashisa Praharaj, Sagar Lalichetti, Sahasransu Mohanty, et al. "Prediction of the Effect of Nutrients on Plant Parameters of Rice by Artificial Neural Network." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092123.
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Rice holds key importance in food and nutritional security across the globe. Nutrient management involving rice has been a matter of interest for a long time owing to the unique production environment of rice. In this research, an artificial neural network-based prediction model was developed to understand the role of individual nutrients (N, P, K, Zn, and S) on different plant parameters (plant height, tiller number, dry matter production, leaf area index, grain yield, and straw yield) of rice. A feed-forward neural network with back-propagation training was developed using the neural network (nnet) toolbox available in Matlab. For the training of the model, data obtained from two consecutive crop seasons over two years (a total of four crops of rice) were used. Nutrients interact with each other, and the resulting effect is an outcome of such interaction; hence, understanding the role of individual nutrients under field conditions becomes difficult. In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the role of individual nutrients in achieving crop growth and yield using an artificial neural network-based prediction model. The model predicts that growth parameters such as plant height, tiller number, and leaf area index often achieve their maximum performance at below the maximum applied dose, while the maximum yield in most cases is achieved at 100% N, P, K, Zn, and S dose. In addition, the present study attempted to understand the impact of individual nutrients on both plant growth and yield in order to optimize nutrient recommendation and nutrient management, thereby minimizing environmental pollution and wastage of nutrients.
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Reddy Anthay, Swetha, Arun Chokkalingam, Komathi B. Jeyashanker, and Bharathiraja Natarajan. "An analysis on micronutrient deficiency in plant leaf and soil using digital image processing." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i1.pp568-575.
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The plant <span>requires thirteen different nutrients. The two main types of nutrients are micronutrients and macronutrients. Diseases develop due to deficiency of vital nutrients, resulting in colored spots on the leaves. Plant development is affected by toxicity or lack of one or more of these nutrients, resulting in plant death. As a result, a continuous monitoring system is necessary to know the nutritional status of the plants to enhance production efficiency and output. Optical image recognition-based medical technology can identify indicators of inaccuracy faster than the human eye. Consequently, farmers are prepared to take prompt and effective remedial action. This article investigates the nutrient deficits in plants using image processing techniques.</span>
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Greenway, M. "Suitability of macrophytes for nutrient removal from surface flow constructed wetlands receiving secondary treated sewage effluent in Queensland, Australia." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0101.
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From a botanical perspective the major difference between waste stabilisation ponds and wetlands is the dominance of algae or floating plants in the former and emergent plants in the latter. Algae, floating and submerged plants remove nutrients directly from the water column whereas emergent species remove nutrients from the sediment. Water depth is a crucial factor in determining which plant types will become established. Surface flow constructed wetlands offer the greatest potential to grow a wide variety of different types of macrophytes. In assessing the suitability of plant species for nutrient removal, consideration must be given not only to nutrient uptake for growth but also storage of nutrients as plant biomass. A survey of macrophytes in 15 surface flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent was conducted in Queensland; 63 native species and 14 introduced species were found. Emergent species have been able to tolerate deeper water than in their natural environment and permanent waterlogging. All species grew well in the higher nutrient enriched wastewater. Submerged, floating leaved-attached and free floating species had the highest tissue nutrient content, followed by aquatic creepers. All these species remove nutrients from the water column. Emergent species had lower nutrient content but a greater biomass and were therefore able to store more nutrients per unit area of wetland. In order to maximise the efficiency of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal, a range of species should be used. Native species should be selected in preference to introduced/exotic species.
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Huth, Isaac, Christopher Walker, Ramraj Kulkarni, and Terry Lucke. "Using Constructed Floating Wetlands to Remove Nutrients from a Waste Stabilization Pond." Water 13, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131746.
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This study reports the biomass accumulation, plant nutrient concentration, and nutrient uptake rates of plants in a constructed floating wetland (CFW) installed for a sewage treatment application in Australia. Plant biomass accumulation was estimated based on field samplings throughout the duration of the study. Analysis of samples of each plant species was also completed to estimate the mean plant tissue nutrient content. The plant biomass accumulation estimate and the mean plant tissue nutrient concentration were then used to estimate the total nutrient uptake for each species. Each of the species were found to differ in biomass accumulation and plant tissue nutrient concentration and the distribution of biomass and nutrients between the shoots and roots. The nutrient uptake rates varied between the species, with B. articulata having the greatest nutrient uptake rates (shoots: N, 104 ± 31.5 g/m2, P, 12.9 ± 3.87 g/m2; roots: N, 23.9 ± 7.23 g/m2, P, 5.54 ± 1.67 g/m2). Harvesting of the four CFW islands after 375 days of growth removed an estimated 23.2 kg of N and 2.97 kg of P. The results of this study indicate that the use of CFWs with carefully selected plant species can successfully remove significant amounts of nutrients from domestic wastewater.
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Ananthan, S. P. V., N. Ahmad, S. H. Noor, M. S. A. Munaim, S. Alias, H. Hamid, M. Mohammed, and A. Romli. "Formulation of Plant Nutrient with Synbiotic Enhancement." Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (November 21, 2021): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v7i2.3747.
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Oleochemical wastewater discharge from the industry into water sources is one of the main causes of water pollution. A proper treatment is required before the effluent is discharged to the environment. Since the oleochemical wastewater contains nutrients and probiotics that are good for plants, it could be used as a nutrient provider for the plants instead. Therefore, the formulation of synbiotic plant nutrients from this effluent is an effective way of using the oleochemical effluent. This study aimed to formulate the plant nutrients by using industrial wastewater, which contains the synbiotic enhancement and validating the significance of the formulated plant nutrients into three types of plants; Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), Solanum Melongena (Brinjal), and Capsicum annuum (Chilli peppers). Synbiotic is a combination of both prebiotics and probiotics that benefit the host by stimulating the growth of a limited number of health-promoting bacteria. To formulate the plant nutrient, the wastewater was filtered using a cotton cloth before the pre-biotics solution was added. Sample A (filtered wastewater was mixed with Sample B (prebiotics solution) by different percentages, namely F1 (100%:0%), F2 (75%:25%), F3 (50%:50%), F3 (25%:75%), 0%:100% (Sample A to Sample B respectively) and lastly, 50%:50% (Sample C (unfiltered wastewater) to Sample B respectively). The height of the plant and the number of leaves are measured weekly for four months. From the data, it can be seen that F3 gave significant results for the okra plant, in which it gains the highest height of plant compared to the other two plants. On the other hand, F6 give the best results for both the brinjal and the chilli plant where their leaves grow the highest from the second until the fourth month of plant growth. Hence, this research gives an added value to the wastewater, whereas the wastewater is used as the synbiotic plant nutrient enhancer and work best for the plants.
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Yan, Jing, Nathaniel A. Bogie, and Teamrat A. Ghezzehei. "Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone." Biogeosciences 17, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020.
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Abstract. Most plants derive their water and nutrient needs from soils where the resources are often scarce, patchy, and ephemeral. It is not uncommon for plant roots to encounter mismatched patches of water-rich and nutrient-rich regions in natural environments. Such an uneven distribution of resources necessitates plant reliance on strategies for exploring and acquiring nutrients from relatively dry patches. We conducted a laboratory study that elucidates the biophysical mechanisms that enable this adaptation. The roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were laterally split and grown in two adjacent, hydraulically disconnected pots, which permitted precise control of water and nutrient applications to each compartment. We observed that the physical separation of water-rich and nutrient-rich compartments (one received 90 % water and 0 % nutrients and the other received 10 % water and 100 % nutrients) does not significantly stunt plant growth and productivity compared to two control treatments (control 1: 90 % water and 100 % nutrients versus 10 % water and 0 % nutrients; control 2: 50 % water and 50 % nutrients in each compartment). Specifically, we showed that soil dryness does not reduce nutrient uptake, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting compared to control treatments. We identified localized root proliferation in nutrient-rich dry soil patches as a critical strategy that enabled nutrient capture. We observed nocturnal rewetting of the nutrient-rich but dry soil zone (10 % water and 100 % nutrients) but not in the nutrient-free and dry zone of the control experiment (90 % water and 100 % nutrients). We interpreted the rewetting as the transfer of water from the wet to dry zones through roots, a process commonly known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). The occurrence of HR likely prevents the nutrient-rich soil from drying due to permanent wilting and the subsequent decline of root functions. Sustaining rhizosphere wetness is also likely to increase nutrient mobility and uptake. Lack of HR in the absence of nutrients suggests that HR is not entirely a passive, water-potential-gradient driven flow. The density and size of root hairs appeared to be higher (qualitative observation) in the nutrient-rich and dry compartments than in the nutrient-free and dry compartments. We also observed organic coating on sand grains in the rhizosphere of the nutrient-rich and dry compartments. The observations are consistent with prior observations that root hairs and rhizodeposition aid rhizosphere wetting. These findings were synthesized in a conceptual model that explains how plants of dry regions may be adapted to mismatched resources. This study also suggests that separating the bulk of applied nutrients from the frequently irrigated soil region can increase nutrient use efficiency and curtail water pollution from intensive agricultural systems.
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M, Sowmiya, and Krishnaveni S. "Convolutional Neural Network Based Plant Nutrient Deficiency Detection." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 5625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.5625ecst.
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Nutrient deficiency is a condition in plants in which the plant lacks particular amount of nutrients which are essential for the healthy state of a plant. In this paper, an automated nutrition deficiency detection system has been proposed using Convolutional Neural Network. Spatial information in an image is obtained by using Convolutional Neural Network. The proposed system can identify if the following nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are present in proper amounts and holds an accuracy percentage as high as 95%. The final output is an user interface which is made very simple and reliable for the farmers to understand. Just by providing the respective input image, the farmer gets to know what nutrient deficiency the plant is suffering from and also the remedial measures he can take to overcome it. The system also displays the threshold percentage for each of the nutrient deficiency, i.e. the percentage below which the plant starts suffering from each particular deficiency. This system aims to serves as effective tool for nutrient deficiency detection.
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Boddy, Lynne, and Sarah C. Watkinson. "Wood decomposition, higher fungi, and their role in nutrient redistribution." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 1377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-400.
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Dead wood litter input to mature forest ecosystems represents 30–40% of the total biomass, containing about 1–4 and 0.1–0.8 kg/(ha∙year), of N and P, respectively. However, since wood decomposes relatively slowly, it represents a much larger proportion of the standing crop of plant litter on the forest floor, forming a large reservoir of mineral nutrients, which are unavailable for primary producers until they are released by decomposer organisms, primarily basidiomycetes and to a lesser extent ascomycetes. Readily available nutrients are utilized rapidly leaving other nutrients locked up in the recalcitrant lignocellulose complex. As decomposition proceeds the relative concentration of N and P in wood increases (i.e., carbon/nutrient ratio decreases), as C is lost as CO2, but these nutrients are rapidly sequestered in mycelial biomass. Formerly it was thought that nutrients were released when the carbon/nutrient ratio of the wood approximated that of mycelium. However, fungi are inherently greedy using excess nutrients for production of reproductive structures and foraging mycelium. The latter, which is often aggregated to form rhizomorphs or cords, grows out of wood in search of new resources, often forming extensive long-lived networks that exhibit remarkable patterns of reallocation of fungal biomass and nutrients. Within these systems, nutrients are conserved and are often relocated for many metres and may aid in establishment of mycelia in new resources. Nutrients are probably largely released when mycelia are grazed upon by invertebrates, nonbiotically damaged, interact with other fungi and bacteria, or die. Key words: ecology, lignocellulose, basidiomycetes, rhizomorph, translocation.
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Krupa, James J., and J. Matthew Thomas. "Is the common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) carnivorous or was Francis Darwin wrong?" Botany 97, no. 6 (June 2019): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2019-0008.
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Francis Darwin first suggested that the common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.), a biennial species, might be a carnivorous plant. He suggested that this species acquires nutrients from insects that drown in water-holding cups formed at the base of leaves that surround the stems. Since then, other biologists have made the same claim. To test this we addressed the question: does adding invertebrates as supplemental nutrients to water-filled cups of D. fullonum influence reproduction or are nutrients only obtained from the soil? We performed two factorial designed experiments (high-nutrient soil vs. low-nutrient soil) × (fed vs. control) to test this. Fed treatments involved either crickets or liquefied animal solution. We performed a third experiment where teasel plants were grown in nutrient deficient standard carnivorous plant soil mix to determine whether prey supplement influenced growth and reproduction. These experiments revealed that soil nutrients alone influence growth and reproduction. More seeds were produced by plants grown in high-nutrient soil; while curiously, a higher percentage of seeds germinated from plants grown in low-nutrient soil. When teasel rosettes were grown in carnivorous plant soil, plants did not grow, produce stems, or flower, even with animal solution. Thus we found no evidence suggesting common teasel is carnivorous.
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Whalen, Joann K. "Managing Soil Biota-Mediated Decomposition and Nutrient Mineralization in Sustainable Agroecosystems." Advances in Agriculture 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/384604.
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Transformation of organic residues into plant-available nutrients occurs through decomposition and mineralization and is mediated by saprophytic microorganisms and fauna. Of particular interest is the recycling of the essential plant elements—N, P, and S—contained in organic residues. If organic residues can supply sufficient nutrients during crop growth, a reduction in fertilizer use is possible. The challenge is synchronizing nutrient release from organic residues with crop nutrient demands throughout the growing season. This paper presents a conceptual model describing the pattern of nutrient release from organic residues in relation to crop nutrient uptake. Next, it explores experimental approaches to measure the physical, chemical, and biological barriers to decomposition and nutrient mineralization. Methods are proposed to determine the rates of decomposition and nutrient release from organic residues. Practically, this information can be used by agricultural producers to determine if plant-available nutrient supply is sufficient to meet crop demands at key growth stages or whether additional fertilizer is needed. Finally, agronomic practices that control the rate of soil biota-mediated decomposition and mineralization, as well as those that facilitate uptake of plant-available nutrients, are identified. Increasing reliance on soil biological activity could benefit crop nutrition and health in sustainable agroecosystems.
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Raun, W. R., G. V. Johnson, H. Sembiring, E. V. Lukina, J. M. LaRuffa, W. E. Thomason, S. B. Phillips, J. B. Solie, M. L. Stone, and R. W. Whitney. "Indirect measures of plant nutrients." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 29, no. 11-14 (June 1998): 1571–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629809370050.
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Pushpakumara, T. D. C., and W. G. T. Sandakelum. "Heavy Metal Potential of Domestic Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge." International Journal of Advanced Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 4, no. 1 (July 17, 2021): 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijaaeee.503.
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The use of sludge as fertilizers helps to the recycling of nutrients to the environment due to its beginning from wastewater and therefore relatively high content of nutrients and organic matter. However, wastewater does also contain hazardous compounds like heavy metals and micro pollutants which eventually are separated to the sludge during the treatment processes at the wastewater treatment plant. In order to improve the sludge quality, source tracking is a relatively cheap and effective way to find and eliminate hazardous compounds and prevent them from ending up in the sludge. The aim with this thesis was to investigate the fertilizer potential in sludge from wastewater treatment plant. The sludge is analyzed in terms of nutrient and heavy metal contents as well as physiochemical parameters. In order to determine the potential as fertilizer, the quality of the sludge is compared with other fertilizer alternatives, other sludge types and regulations for sludge use in agriculture. The work with sludge quality improvements in Gaborone is also investigated. Sludge from different stages along the treatment processes were collected in order to see differences in quality related to the treatment. The results shows that the samples of primary an aerobically treated sludge tend to have higher heavy metal content than the secondary sludge. The quality of the dry sludge samples indicates lower nutrient content than both the primary and secondary sludge, but similar heavy metal content. The analysis of dry sludge from indicates a low nutrient value and high heavy metal content in comparison to other selected fertilizer options and sludge from other. The processes for removal of nutrients from the wastewater are an important factor for the nutrient content in the sludge. Keywords wastewater; fertilizers; nutrients; sludge treatment
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Comerford, N. B., W. P. Cropper, Jr., Hua Li, P. J. Smethurst, K. C. J. Van Rees, E. J. Jokela, H. Adégbidi, and N. F. Barros. "Soil supply and nutrient demand (SSAND): A general nutrient uptake model and an example of its application to forest management." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-112.
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Models of soil nutrient bioavailability and uptake assist in nutrient management and lead to a better understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil-plant system. SSAND (Soil Supply and Nutrient Demand) is a steady state, mechanistic nutrient uptake simulation model based on mass flow and diffusive supply of nutrients to roots. It requires user inputs for soil and plant parameters to calculate a nutrient’s concentration at the root surface and the subsequent uptake by a plant root and/or extrametrical mycorrhizal hyphae. It can be considered a sub-model linked to hydrological or plant growth models. SSAND provides a basis for simulating nutrient uptake under different soil-plant scenarios, including multiple soil compartments, net mineralization inputs, changing root growth, changing mycorrhizal hyphae growth, changing soil water content and multiple fertilizer events. It incorporates uptake from roots and mycorrhizal hyphae, including the potential competition between these entities. It should be useful for simulating the effects of climate change on soil nutrient bioavailability. It should also be a useful tool for managers in evaluating fertilizer regime options. Key words: Nutrient bioavailability, nutrient uptake modeling, phosphorus uptake, mycorrhizae, Spodosols, climate change
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Schoenau, J. J., and J. G. Davis. "Optimizing soil and plant responses to land-applied manure nutrients in the Great Plains of North America." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-115.
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Animal manures are recognized as valuable sources of plant nutrients in cropping systems and also play a role in soil improvement through the input of organic matter. Using recent research examples from Saskatchewan and Colorado, this paper covers beneficial management practices for effective recycling of manure nutrients applicable to the Great Plains region of North America. Challenges in using animal manures as fertilizers include low nutrient content per unit weight, variability and availability of nutrient content, and a balance of available nutrients that often does not meet the relative nutrient requirements of the crop. Examples of imbalances that may arise requiring special management considerations include low available N content relative to available P for many solid manures, and low available S relative to N for some liquid manures. Application decisions are best supported by manure and soil analyses, with nutrient balance issues addressed by rate adjustments and the addition of supplemental commercial fertilizer to avoid deficiency or loading of specific nutrients. Placement of manure into the soil by injection or incorporation is desirable in that nutrient losses by volatilization and runoff are reduced and crop recovery is increased. Balancing the rate of nutrient application with crop requirement and removal over time is key to avoiding nutrient loading on soils receiving repeated applications of manure. Key words: Manure management, nutrient cycling, beneficial management practices, Great Plains
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Anderson, Wendy B., and William G. Eickmeier. "Physiological and morphological responses to shade and nutrient additions of Claytonia virginica (Portulacaceae): implications for the "vernal dam" hypothesis." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-134.
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Because of their unique phenology and physiology, spring ephemeral herbs are believed to play an important role in intrasystem nutrient cycling in deciduous forest ecosystems. It was hypothesized that they function as a "vernal dam" by temporarily sequestering nutrients and preventing leaching from the system during a period of high nutrient availability. However, spring ephemerals require high-irradiance growing conditions. How do their physiological and morphological responses to ambient light and shade limit their ability to sequester excess nutrients? We performed field experiments using Claytonia virginica L. as a model to test several responses to shade and increasing levels of nutrient additions. We also examined the biomass responses and nutrient storage capacities of other spring ephemeral herbs. In C. virginica, shading reduced ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) activity, photosynthesis rate, specific leaf weight, leaf width/length (W/L), and biomass; nutrient additions increased W/L and biomass only under unshaded conditions. Other herbs responded similarly but reached maximum biomass at lower nutrient addition levels than C. virginica. Shading reduced and nutrient additions increased nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in both C. virginica and other herbs. Shaded herbs generally reached nutrient saturation at lower nutrient addition levels than unshaded herbs. Overall, unshaded plants sequestered larger amounts of nutrients than shaded plants. This pattern is best explained by a reduction in biomass under shaded conditions. We concluded that C. virginica and other spring herbs, although important components in forest nutrient cycling in the early spring, are limited in their capacity to store excess nutrients, particularly when shaded.Key words: Claytonia virginica, nutrient cycling, spring ephemerals, vernal dam.
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Lee, P. F. "Ecological relationships of wild rice, Zizania spp. 10. Effects of sediment and among-population variations on plant density in Zizania palustris." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-118.
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The influence of nutrients and intraspecific variations in growth form were examined for their effect on plant density in stands of northern wild rice, Zizania palustris L. In a field situation, densities of a size-restricted wild rice population increased as nutrient levels in the sediment increased. No self-thinning occurred until the population density exceeded 350 plants/m2. A series of controlled experiments examined whether these wild rice densities were determined by resource depletion and (or) intraspecific competition. As nutrient levels increased under constant plant densities, tillering, dry weight, and seed production increased more for populations with the capacity for higher vegetative and reproductive potential. As plant densities increased under constant nutrient levels, height, weight, and seed production declined but inequality of individual plants increased. When both nutrient levels and population densities were increased simultaneously, seed production per panicle declined at higher densities under unfertilized conditions but was unaffected in the treatment with the highest fertilizer level. It was hypothesized that plant densities under field conditions were the result of an integrated mechanism that was influenced by nutrients and the degree of asymmetric competition characteristic of the population. As nutrient levels increase, plant densities would be expected to decrease for populations with high levels of asymmetric competition and increase for populations with low levels of asymmetric competition.Key words: wild rice, density effects, nutrients, intraspecific variation.
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Sawan, Zakaria M. "Plant Growth Retardants, Plant Nutrients, and Cotton Production." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 44, no. 8 (April 28, 2013): 1353–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2012.756509.
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Hagiwara, Yousuke, Naoki Kachi, and Jun-Ichirou Suzuki. "Effects of temporal heterogeneity of watering on size of an annual forb, Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae), depend on soil nutrient levels." Botany 86, no. 10 (October 2008): 1111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-064.
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Temporal heterogeneity of watering affects plant growth. When the same total amount of water is supplied, frequent watering leads to greater plant size than infrequent watering. However, the effects of a given watering regime can differ when nutrient levels vary. An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that the effects of temporal heterogeneity of watering on plant growth also vary as a function of nutrient levels. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton was grown using different combinations of nutrient levels and watering frequencies, with total water held constant across the treatments. The effects on plant size were analysed after 36 d. Under nutrient-rich conditions, frequent watering resulted in significantly larger plants than infrequent watering. However, under nutrient-poor conditions, no significant difference was detected between the different watering frequencies. The temporal heterogeneity of watering thus appears to have different effects on plant growth at different nutrient levels. Therefore, the watering heterogeneity should be examined with nutrients as unity, because the watering heterogeneity and nutrients affect plant growth in an interactive manner.
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Adomako, Michael Opoku, Sergio Roiloa, and Fei-Hai Yu. "Potential Roles of Soil Microorganisms in Regulating the Effect of Soil Nutrient Heterogeneity on Plant Performance." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122399.
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The spatially heterogeneous distribution of soil nutrients is ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems and has been shown to promote the performance of plant communities, influence species coexistence, and alter ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Plants interact with diverse soil microbial communities that lead to an interdependent relationship (e.g., symbioses), driving plant community productivity, belowground biodiversity, and soil functioning. However, the potential role of the soil microbial communities in regulating the effect of soil nutrient heterogeneity on plant growth has been little studied. Here, we highlight the ecological importance of soil nutrient heterogeneity and microorganisms and discuss plant nutrient acquisition mechanisms in heterogeneous soil. We also examine the evolutionary advantages of nutrient acquisition via the soil microorganisms in a heterogeneous environment. Lastly, we highlight a three-way interaction among the plants, soil nutrient heterogeneity, and soil microorganisms and propose areas for future research priorities. By clarifying the role of soil microorganisms in shaping the effect of soil nutrient heterogeneity on plant performance, the present study enhances the current understanding of ecosystem nutrient dynamics in the context of patchily distributed soil nutrients.
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Rodgers, Dylan, Eugene Won, Michael B. Timmons, and Neil Mattson. "Complementary Nutrients in Decoupled Aquaponics Enhance Basil Performance." Horticulturae 8, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020111.
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Aquaponics combines raising fish and growing plants by recycling water and nutrients to reduce water consumption and reliance on chemical fertilizers. Coupled aquaponics systems recirculate water between fish and plant crops, whereas decoupled systems send mineralized fish effluent and wastewater unidirectionally to an independent hydroponic loop. Decoupling enables changes to the water, such as pH adjustments and complementary nutrient additions, to promote plant performance. In this study, basil, Ocimum basilicum (L.), was transplanted into 4 L containers filled with decoupled aquaponic (DAP), nutrient-complemented decoupled aquaponic (DAP+), or chemical-based conventional hydroponic (CON) nutrient solutions and grown for 21 days at pH 5.8. Plants grown in DAP+ and CON had greater biomass, height, and Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll index and lower root:shoot biomass ratios than those in DAP. Shoot fresh and dry biomass was 11% greater for CON than DAP+, while height, SPAD chlorophyll index, and root:shoot ratio did not differ. We concluded that added nutrients in DAP+ enhanced performance compared to DAP, and the biologically derived nutrition in DAP+ enhanced performance to be similar, but not equal, to CON. We cannot recommend specific adjustments to the targeted blend of complementary nutrients tested, but findings suggest that complementary nutrients are effective in decoupled aquaponics.
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Wibisono, Vicky, and Yudi Kristyawan. "An Efficient Technique for Automation of The NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) Hydroponic System Using Arduino." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (IJAIR) 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/ijair.v3i1.3209.
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Hydroponic Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is most widely applied on a home and industrial scale. One of the drawbacks of the NFT hydroponic system is that it is very dependent on electricity for 24 hours to power the water pump. The basic principle of the NFT hydroponic system is to flow nutrients to plant roots with a shallow and circulating nutrient layer so that plants get enough water, nutrients, and oxygen. Therefore, the role of the water pump in the hydroponic NFT system is crucial. This research makes the automation of the NFT hydroponic system more efficient using Arduino. There are two main parts to this automation system: the control of pH levels and nutrient distribution. The pH sensor is used to control the pH level of nutrients, and the ultrasonic sensor is used for nutrient distribution. Efficiency is emphasized more on the distribution of nutrients because it absorbs more electrical energy. The method used is to flow the nutrients in the reservoir to a storage tank that is located higher than the plant using a water pump with a large discharge. Nutrients are transported to each plant using the force of gravity. The nutrient volume is controlled automatically using an ultrasonic sensor in the storage tank. The water pump is only activated by the ultrasonic sensor readings on the storage tank. So that the need for electricity to turn on the water pump is reduced, based on tests carried out on the use of a 220-volt AC / 50 Hz / 125-watt water pump and the use of a 250-liter nutrient storage tank, it can be concluded that the system that has been created can save 70% of electricity consumption.
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Westermann, Dale, Henry Terán, Carlos Muñoz-Perea, and Shree Singh. "Plant and seed nutrient uptake in common bean in seven organic and conventional production systems." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 1089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps10114.
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Westermann, D. T., Terán, H., Muñoz-Perea, C. G. and Singh, S. P. 2011. Plant and seed nutrient uptake in common bean in seven organic and conventional production systems. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1089–1099. Knowledge of plant and seed nutrient uptake by crop cultivars in organic and conventional production systems (PS) is essential for breeding the most appropriate genotypes for each PS. The objective was to determine the plant and seed uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) by 16 common bean genotypes. We also identified genotypes efficient in plant and seed nutrient uptake across seven organic and conventional PS. A randomized complete block design with four replicates (one plot per replicate) was used for evaluation in each of seven organic and conventional PS in 2003 and 2004. The effects of plant and seed uptake of nutrients, genotypes, PS, and the genotype × PS interaction were significant (P≤0.05). Plant and seed uptake of nutrients decreased in on-station continual dry bean and drought-stressed and on-farm organic low-input compared with on-station conventional irrigated and on-farm organic high-input PS. Common bean genotypes with higher biomass yield, in general, also had higher nutrient uptake, regardless of PS. In general, N and P uptakes were high and that for Mn was markedly low among common bean genotypes. Pinto CO46348, Bill Z, and Othello and Mexican red NW-63 and UI 239 were high-yielding and used nutrients more efficiently across seven organic and conventional PS and years. Other cultivars either had low biomass and seed yield (e.g., Common Pinto, Topaz, Common Red Mexican, UI 59) or were more efficient at whole-plant uptake or seed uptake of nutrients, but not both (e.g., Matterhorn, UI 465). Use of the above five genotypes should be maximized for production in both organic and conventional PS, and for breeding high-yielding broadly adapted cultivars efficient in plant and seed nutrient uptake in organic and conventional PS.
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Thomas, Subin, and Dr M. Nandhini. "A Study on the Farmers’ Awareness and Acceptance of Biofertilizers in Kottayam District." GIS Business 14, no. 6 (December 6, 2019): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i6.13572.
Full textAbstract:
Biofertilizers are fertilizers containing microorganisms that promote plant growth by improving the supply of nutrients to the host plant. The supply of nutrients is improved naturally by nitrogen fixation and solubilizing phosphorus. The living microorganisms in biofertilizers help in building organic matter in the soil and restoring the natural nutrient cycle. Biofertilizers can be grouped into Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers, Phosphorous-solubilizing biofertilizers, Phosphorous-mobilizing biofertilizers, Biofertilizers for micro nutrients and Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. This study conducted in Kottayam district was intended to identify the awareness and acceptance of biofertilizers among the farmers of the area. Data have been collected from 120 farmers by direct interviews with structured questionnaire.
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Elemike, Elias, Ifeyinwa Uzoh, Damian Onwudiwe, and Olubukola Babalola. "The Role of Nanotechnology in the Fortification of Plant Nutrients and Improvement of Crop Production." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030499.
Full textAbstract:
Nutrient deficiency in food crops is seriously affecting human health, especially those in the rural areas, and nanotechnology may become the most sustainable approach to alleviating this challenge. There are several ways of fortifying the nutrients in food such as dietary diversification, use of drugs and industrial fortification. However, the affordability and sustainability of these methods have not been completely achieved. Plants absorb nutrients from fertilizers, but most conventional fertilizers have low nutrient use and uptake efficiency. Nanofertilizers are, therefore, engineered to be target oriented and not easily lost. This review surveys the effects of the addition of macro- and nanonutrients to soil, the interaction, and the absorption capability of the plants, the environmental effect and food content of the nutrients. Most reports were obtained from recent works, and they show that plants nutrients could be enriched by applying nanoparticulate nutrients, which are easily absorbed by the plant. Although there are some toxicity issues associated with the use of nanoparticles in crop, biologically synthesized nanoparticles may be preferred for agricultural purposes. This would circumvent the concerns associated with toxicity, in addition to being pollution free. This report, therefore, offers more understanding on the application of nanotechnology in biofortification of plant nutrients and the future possibilities offered by this practice. It also highlights some of the ills associated with the introduction of nanomaterials into the soil for crop’s improvement.
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Wu, Junen, Huanhuan Zeng, Fan Zhao, Chunfeng Chen, Xiaojin Jiang, Xiai Zhu, Pingyuan Wang, Zhixiang Wu, and Wenjie Liu. "The Nutrient Status of Plant Roots Reveals Competition Intensities in Rubber Agroforestry Systems." Forests 11, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111163.
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Controversial competition theories may confuse the current understanding of belowground plant competition and thus result in incorrect diagnoses and mitigation strategies for nutrient competition. As such, the management of nutrient competition is a major challenge in the application and development of rubber agroforestry systems (AFSs). To explore the effects of plant competition on the nutrient status of rubber AFSs, this study measured the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of the litter and soil and in plant leaves, stems, and roots from five rubber plantations (i.e., rubber monocultures and rubber mixed with cocoa, coffee, tea, and Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr., 1910)). The relative competition intensity indexes were calculated to evaluate the competition intensity of each mixed-species system, and Bayesian networks were established to investigate the linkage effects of interspecific competition for nutrients. This study demonstrated that rubber trees had weak competition with cocoa trees, moderate competition with F. macrophylla and tea trees, and intense competition with coffee trees. With the increase in competition intensity, the negative effects of interspecific competition on soil gradually offset the improvement in soil nutrients achieved with intercropping. Nitrogen and phosphorous translocation from the stems to the roots was enhanced by competition. However, enhanced nutrient allocation to roots may have led to insufficient nitrogen and phosphorous supplies in plant leaves. The quality of the litter therefore decreased because the nutrient status of fallen leaves determines the initial litter conditions. Such consequences may reduce the release of nutrients from the litter to the soil and thus increase soil nutrient depletion. This study revealed that competition effects were most obvious for the root nutrient status, followed by the stem and leaf nutrient statuses. Moreover, this study further demonstrated that the nutrient concentration of plant roots can better indicate the intensity of nutrient competition than the nutrient concentration of other plant organs.
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Kusanur, Vrunda, and Veena S. Chakravarthi. "A Study of Factors Influencing Plant Growth by WSN Approach and Plant Nutrient Deficiency Classification in Tomato Using SVM." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (May 31, 2021): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05213.
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Soil temperature and humidity straight away influence plant growth and the availability of plant nutrients. In this work, we carried out experiments to identify the relationship between climatic parameters and plant nutrients. When the relative humidity was very high, deficiency symptoms were shown on plant leaves and fruits. But, recognizing and managing these plant nutrients manually would become difficult. However, no much research has been done in this field. The main objective of this research was to propose a machine learning model to manage nutrient deficiencies in the plant. There were two main phases in the proposed research. In the first phase, the humidity, temperature, and soil moisture in the greenhouse environment were collected using WSN and the influence of these parameters on the growth of plants was studied. During experimentation, it was investigated that the transpiration rate decreased significantly and the macronutrient contents in the plant leave decreased when the humidity was 95%. In the second phase, a machine learning model was developed to identify and classify nutrient deficiency symptoms in a tomato plant. A total of 880 images were collected from Bingo images to form a dataset. Among all these images, 80% (704 images) of the dataset were used to train the machine learning model and 20% (176 images) of the dataset were used for testing the model performance. In this study, we selected K-means Clustering for key points detection and SVM for classification and prediction of nutrient stress in the plant. SVM using linear kernel performed better with the accuracy rates of 89.77 % as compared to SVM using a polynomial kernel.