Academic literature on the topic 'Plant Mobile Domain (PMD)'

Silencing of transposable elements (TEs) is an essential process to maintain genomic integrity within the cell. InArabidopsis, together with canonical epigenetic pathways such as DNA methylation and modifications of histone tails, the plant mobile domain (PMD) proteins MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEMS (MAIN) and MAIN-LIKE 1 (MAIL1) are involved in TE silencing. In addition, the MICRORCHIDIA (MORC) ATPases, including MORC1, are important cellular factors repressing TEs. Here, we describe the genetic interaction and connection between the PMD and MORC pathways by showing thatMORC1expression is impaired inmainandmail1mutants. Transcriptomic analyses of higher order mutant plants combiningpmdandmorc1mutations, andpmdmutants in whichMORC1expression is restored, show that the silencing defects of a subset of TEs inpmdmutants are most likely the consequence ofMORC1down-regulation. Besides, a significant fraction of up-regulated TEs inpmdmutants are not targeted by the MORC1 pathway.

Abstract Association of RAG2 with the epigenetic marker H3K4me3 through a plant homeodomain (PHD) in the RAG2 non core domain is important for relieving auto inhibition of the RAG recombinase activity for V(D)J recombination. However, little is known regarding the properties of RAG2 that regulate its PHD-dependent interactions with H3K4me3. Accordingly, we measured the localization and dynamics of an N-terminal GFP fusion protein of full length RAG2 (GFP-FL); a T490A mutant of full length RAG2 (GFP-T490A) that does not undergo a regulatory phosphorylation proximal to the PHD region of RAG2; and GFP-labeled core domain of RAG2 (GFP-Core). The proteins were expressed in RAG2−/− pro-B cells, and the H3K4me3 was labeled using monoclonal antibody. Cross-correlation analysis showed that GFP-FL and GFP-Core exhibited similar colocalization with H3K4me3, which was significantly less than colocalization of GFP-T490A with H3K4me3. Blocking H3K4 demethylation using 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDA) caused GFP-FL/H3K4me3 colocalization to approach that of GFP-T490A and H3K4me3, whereas GFP-Core/H3K4me3 colocalization was unchanged. Super resolution imaging showed that RAG2 interactions with H3K4me3 were restricted to interfaces with H3K4me3-enriched puncta, and that GFP-T490A exhibited greater overlap with the H3K4me3-enriched puncta than GFP-FL. Finally, measurement of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching demonstrated that GFP-T490A had a lower mobile fraction and rate of diffusion than GFP-FL in conditions where RAG2 interactions with H3K4me3 were enhanced. These data suggest that RAG2 interactions with H3K4me3 are regulated by Thr490 proximal to the PHD region, such as by a phosphoryation/dephosphorylation cycle.

The torque load spectrum is an important basis for the strength design and durability test verification of tractor power take-off (PTO), and the performance and reliability of tractor PTO directly affect the quality and efficiency of agricultural operations. In this paper, taking the PTO torque load as the object, a PTO loading method based on the dynamic load spectrum acquired in the actual field work was proposed in this paper. Based on the Peak Over Threshold model, the extrapolation of the PTO load spectrum was realized, and the load spectrum throughout the whole life cycle was obtained. On the basis of this, the mobile tractor PTO loading test bench and Fuzzy-Proportional-Integral-Derivative (Fuzzy-PID) controller were developed to achieve the dynamic loading of the PTO load spectrum, and the dynamic characteristics were analyzed and verified by the simulation and laboratory test. The results showed that with the time domain extrapolation method, the load extreme value was expanded from (63.24, 469.50) to (60.88, 475.18), and the coverage was expanded by 1.98%. By comparing with the fitting results, statistical characteristics and rain flow counting results, the load spectrum extrapolation method was effective. In addition, the response time of simulation and laboratory test were 0.05s and 0.75s, respectively; the maximum error was 1.77% and 4.03%, respectively; and the goodness of fit was 16.78 N·m, which indicated that the PTO loading test bench, can accurately restore the dynamic loading of the tractor and the Fuzzy-PID controller had better accuracy and stability. It would provide a reference for the practical application of PTO load spectrum of the tractors.

Chromosomal translocations are genetic rearrangements where a chromosomal segment is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome which give rise to novel chimeras. Chromosomal rearrangements play a significant role in the development of acute leukemias (acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)). Chromosomal translocation events occurring at 11q23 involving the KMT2A or Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene (n=102) can be diagnosed in about 5-10% of all acute leukemia patients (Marschalek Ann Lab Med 2016), especially prevalent in infant acute leukemias (up to 70% of cases). Different chromosomal translocation partner genes (such as AF4, AF6, AF9orENL and ELL) account for the majority of leukemia cases and have their genomic breakpoints within a major breakpoint cluster region (BCR intron 9-11; Meyer et. al. Leukemia 2018). Some rearrangements are specifically associated with particular disease phenotype e.g. the majority of ALL patients (~ 90%) are mainly caused by the following gene fusions, MLL-AF4, MLL-AF9, MLL-ENL. We are interested in a rare but yet drastic chromosomal translocation t(6;11)(q27;q23) which fuses KMT2A/MLL to Afadin (AFDN/AF6) gene. This chromosomal rearrangement has a very poor prognosis (survival-rate is ~10%) and is predominantly diagnosed in patients with high-risk AML. In this project, we investigate the molecular consequences of two different MLL-AF6 fusions and their corresponding reciprocal AF6-MLL fusions. MLL-AF6 fusions are mainly occurring within MLL intron 9 to 11 and are associated with an AML disease phenotype, while the same fusion occurring within the minor breakpoints region in MLL intron 21 until exon (ex) 24 are mainly diagnosed with T-ALL (T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) disease phenotype. The molecular mechanism that determines the resulting disease phenotype is yet unknown. Therefore, we cloned all of these t(6;11) fusion proteins in order to investigate the functional consequences of the two different breakpoints (MLLex1-9::AF6ex2-30, AF6ex1::MLLex10-37; MLLex1-21::AF6ex2-30, AF6ex1::MLLex22-37). All 4 fusion genes were introduced into our inducible Sleeping Beauty system (Ivics et. al. Mobile DNA 2010; Kowarz et. al. Biotechnol J. 2015) and stably transfected reporter cell lines. Basically, these 4 fusion proteins differ only in the presence or absence of their Plant homeodomain 1-3/Bromodomain (PHD1-3/BD) domain (see Figure 1). The PHD domain regulates the epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory functions of wildtype MLL. Subsequently, we analyzed gene expression differences by the MACE-Seq (Massive Analyses of cDNA Ends). MACE data revealed fundamental differences in gene expression profiles when analyzing the two different sets of t(6;11) fusion genes. The resulting profiles have similarities to either AML or T-ALL and might give a rational explanation for the different lineages in these t(6;11) patients. Altogether, these results notably indicate that our study will provide a novel insight into this type of high-risk leukemia and subsequently will be useful for developing of novel and appropriate therapeutic strategies against acute leukemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Ventilation systems are critically important components of many public buildings and workspaces. Proper ventilation is often crucial for preventing accidents, such as explosions in mines and avoiding health issues, for example, through long-term exposure to harmful respirable matter. Validation and maintenance of ventilation systems is thus of key interest for plant operators and authorities. However, methods for ventilation characterization, which allow us to monitor whether the ventilation system in place works as desired, hardly exist. This article addresses the critical challenge of ventilation characterization—measuring and modelling air flow at micro-scales—that is, creating a high-resolution model of wind speed and direction from airflow measurements. Models of the near-surface micro-scale flow fields are not only useful for ventilation characterization, but they also provide critical information for planning energy-efficient paths for aerial robots and many applications in mobile robot olfaction. In this article we propose a heterogeneous measurement system composed of static, continuously sampling sensing nodes, complemented by localized measurements, collected during occasional sensing missions with a mobile robot. We introduce a novel, data-driven, multi-domain airflow modelling algorithm that estimates (1) fields of posterior distributions over wind direction and speed (“ventilation maps”, spatial domain); (2) sets of ventilation calendars that capture the evolution of important airflow characteristics at measurement positions (temporal domain); and (3) a frequency domain analysis that can reveal periodic changes of airflow in the environment. The ventilation map and the ventilation calendars make use of an improved estimation pipeline that incorporates a wind sensor model and a transition model to better filter out sporadic, noisy airflow changes. These sudden changes may originate from turbulence or irregular activity in the surveyed environment and can, therefore, disturb modelling of the relevant airflow patterns. We tested the proposed multi-domain airflow modelling approach with simulated data and with experiments in a semi-controlled environment and present results that verify the accuracy of our approach and its sensitivity to different turbulence levels and other disturbances. Finally, we deployed the proposed system in two different real-world industrial environments (foundry halls) with different ventilation regimes for three weeks during full operation. Since airflow ground truth cannot be obtained, we present a qualitative discussion of the generated airflow models with plant operators, who concluded that the computed models accurately depicted the expected airflow patterns and are useful to understand how pollutants spread in the work environment. This analysis may then provide the basis for decisions about corrective actions to avoid long-term exposure of workers to harmful respirable matter.

Chaperonins cpn60 and cpn10 are essential proteins involved in cellular protein folding. Plant chloroplasts contain a unique version of the cpn10 co-chaperonin, cpn20, which consists of two homologous cpn10-like domains (N-cpn20 and C-cpn20) that are connected by a short linker region. Although cpn20 seems to function like other single domain cpn10 oligomers, the structure and specific functions of the domains are not understood. We mutated amino acids in the “mobile loop” regions of N-cpn20, C-cpn20 or both: a highly conserved glycine, which was shown to be important for flexibility of the mobile loop, and a leucine residue shown to be involved in binding of co-chaperonin to chaperonin. The mutant proteins were purified and their oligomeric structure validated by gel filtration, native gel electrophoresis, and circular dichroism. Functional assays of protein refolding and inhibition of GroEL ATPase both showed (i) mutation of the conserved glycine reduced the activity of cpn20, whether in N-cpn20 (G32A) or C-cpn20 (G130A). The same mutation in the bacterial cpn10 (GroES G24A) had no effect on activity. (ii) Mutations in the highly conserved leucine of N-cpn20 (L35A) and in the corresponding L27A of GroES resulted in inactive protein. (iii) In contrast, mutant L133A, in which the conserved leucine of C-cpn20 was altered, retained 55% activity. We conclude that the structure of cpn20 is much more sensitive to alterations in the mobile loop than is the structure of GroES. Moreover, only N-cpn20 is necessary for activity of cpn20. However, full and efficient functioning requires both domains.

There has been an increased emphasis on plant-based foods and diets. Although mobile technology has the potential to be a convenient and innovative tool to help consumers adhere to dietary guidelines, little is known about the content and quality of free, popular mobile health (mHealth) plant-based diet apps. The objective of the study was to assess the content and quality of free, popular mHealth apps supporting plant-based diets for Canadians. Free mHealth apps with high user ratings, a high number of user ratings, available on both Apple App and GooglePlay stores, and primarily marketed to help users follow plant-based diet were included. Using pre-defined search terms, Apple App and GooglePlay App stores were searched on December 22, 2020; the top 100 returns for each search term were screened for eligibility. Included apps were downloaded and assessed for quality by three dietitians/nutrition research assistants using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the App Quality Evaluation (AQEL) scale. Of the 998 apps screened, 16 apps (mean user ratings±SEM: 4.6±0.1) met the eligibility criteria, comprising 10 recipe managers and meal planners, 2 food scanners, 2 community builders, 1 restaurant identifier, and 1 sustainability assessor. All included apps targeted the general population and focused on changing behaviors using education (15 apps), skills training (9 apps), and/or goal setting (4 apps). Although MARS (scale: 1–5) revealed overall adequate app quality scores (3.8±0.1), domain-specific assessments revealed high functionality (4.0±0.1) and aesthetic (4.0±0.2), but low credibility scores (2.4±0.1). The AQEL (scale: 0–10) revealed overall low score in support of knowledge acquisition (4.5±0.4) and adequate scores in other nutrition-focused domains (6.1–7.6). Despite a variety of free plant-based apps available with different focuses to help Canadians follow plant-based diets, our findings suggest a need for increased credibility and additional resources to complement the low support of knowledge acquisition among currently available plant-based apps. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency.

Throughout history, the quest for sustenance has been a constant struggle. With the advent of agriculture, humankind has witnessed remarkable progress over the centuries. In the present era, the Internet of Things (IoT) has permeated every sphere of life. Inspired by this, We have embarkedon a project to develop an IoT-based application tailored specifically for the agricultural domain, with a focus on revolutionizing plant management. Plant management encompasses a range of agricultural activities, including seedbed preparation, seed sowing, and plant maintenance. Ourwork aims to automate crucial processes such as water irrigation, water storage management, artificial lighting, and plant security systems. To achieve this, We have devised a dedicated mobile application that interfaces withIoT devices. These interconnected devices form a network, enabling real-time data monitoring and seamless activation of various operations within the system. This ambitious work consists of four major modules. To handle each module effectively, an individual nodemcu device has been allocated. By combining the power of IoT technology and agriculture, this work strives to optimize plant management, enhance productivity, and ultimately contribute to the advancement of this vital field

Abstract Helitrons are mobile elements found in the genomes of numerous plant and animal species. Helitrons can mobilize flanking sequences when they transpose, and so have the potential to duplicate genes and remodel genomes. The stony coral Acropora has an expanded immune gene repertoire in comparison to the closely-related anemone species Nematostella, especially in the number of TLR and IL-1R genes. Mechanisms behind the expansion are not currently known. Although helitron sequences have been identified in Nematostella, no helitrons have been identified in Acropora. BLAST searches against the Acropora genome using Nematostella amino acid sequences as queries revealed seven candidate Acropora helitrons. Six of the seven Acropora candidates had large open reading frames in the forward direction. One candidate element was split between two adjacent reading frames. Conserved domain searches were performed within the open reading frames using the databases at NCBI. As expected, Helitron N-like and replicative protein A (RPA) domains were shared between Acropora and Nematostella elements. UPGMA trees were constructed using highly conserved regions, and one candidate Acropora element clustered more closely with the Nematostella reference helitron than with other Acropora sequences. Interestingly, P-loop domains were common to cnidarian helitrons and a subset of plant helitron reference sequences containing plant disease resistance gene motifs in regions overlapping with a nucleotide-binding domain critical for resistance gene function. Together, these studies will help to determine if helitrons played a role in the expansion of the Acropora immune gene repertoire.

In today’s world, agricultural products are becoming increasingly scarce globally due to a variety of factors, and the early and accurate automatic identification of plant diseases can help ensure the stability and sustainability of agricultural production, improve the quality and safety of agricultural products, and help promote agricultural modernization and sustainable development. For this purpose, a lightweight deep isotropic convolutional neural network model, FoldNet, is designed for plant disease identification in this study. The model improves the architecture of residual neural networks by first folding the chain of the same blocks and then connecting these blocks with jump connections of different distances. Such a design allows the neural network to explore a larger receptive domain, enhancing its multiscale representation capability, increasing the direct propagation of information throughout the network, and improving the performance of the neural network. The FoldNet model achieved a recognition accuracy of 99.84% on the laboratory dataset PlantVillage using only 685k parameters and a recognition accuracy of 90.49% on the realistic scene dataset FGVC8 using only 516k parameters, which is competitive with other state-of-the-art models. In addition, as far as we know, our model is the first model that has fewer than 1M parameters while achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in plant disease identification. This proposal facilitates precision agriculture applications on mobile, low-end terminals.

Dans le noyau des cellules eucaryotes, l’ADN forme un complexe avec les protéines histones appelé la chromatine. Les modifications de la chromatine, dites épigénétiques, influencent la transcription des gènes. Ces modifications ont aussi un rôle dans la répression des éléments transposables (ETs). Chez Arabidopsis thaliana, les protéines MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEM (MAIN), MAIN-LIKE 1 (MAIL1) et MAIL2 appartiennent à la famille des Plant Mobile Domain (PMD). Les protéines MAIN et MAIL1 interagissent ensemble ainsi qu’avec PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 7-LIKE (PP7L) afin de réguler la transcription des gènes et réprimer les ETs. Le rôle de MAIL2 dans la cellule reste inconnu. Un homologue de MAIL2, SlPMD2, existe chez Solanum lycopersicum (tomate). Le but de ma thèse a été de décrire plus en détail le mode d’action de MAIN et MAIL1, de comprendre le rôle de MAIL2 dans la cellule et d’explorer le rôle de SlPMD2 chez la tomate. J’ai pu démontrer que MAIN et MAIL1 sont impliquées dans la répression de plusieurs ETs de manière indirecte via le contrôle de la transcription de ICRORCHIDIA 1 (MORC1) qui est un important facteur épigénétique. J’ai pu démontrer par des approches de biochimie que MAIN et MAIL1 interagissent avec la chromatine principalement dans le promoteur de gènes et que ces protéines empêchent la déposition sur certains de ces gènes de la marque épigénétique répressive H3K27me3 par la voie Polycomb. De plus, j'ai montré qu'un motif spécifique d'ADN, que j'ai appelé motif MAIL1-MAIN (M1M), est enrichi dans les régions génomiques liées par MAIN et MAIL1 et pourrait peut-être recruter ces protéines. Par des analyses phénotypiques et transcriptomiques j’ai montré que MAIL2 est requis pour le développement de la graine et pour la bonne transcription de certains gènes. J'ai identifié dans le promoteur de certains de ces gènes dérégulés un motif d'ADN que j'ai appelé le motif MAIL2 (M2M). J’ai pu montrer que dans la tomate SlPMD2 est également requis pour le bon développement de la graine et qu’il contrôle l’expression de plusieurs gènes dans la fleur Enfin, je présente des données préliminaires suggérant que SlPMD2, qui est l'homologue de MAIL2 chez la tomate, est impliqué dans le développement et la germination des graines, très probablement en contrôlant l'expression de gènes spécifiques. Comme chez A. thaliana, j'ai identifié un motif ADN, très similaire au motif M2M, dans le promoteur de plusieurs gènes qui sont misrégulés chez le mutant slpmd2. Dans l'ensemble, mes résultats suggèrent que les protéines PMD pourraient être recrutées dans des régions génomiques spécifiques par le biais d'un motif d’ADN conservé au cours de l'évolution afin d'assurer la correcte expression des gènes, potentiellement en antagonisant la voie Polycomb chez les Angiospermes
In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA interacts with histone proteins to form a complex called chromatin. Epigenetic modifications of chromatin influence gene transcription. These modifications also play a role in silencing of transposable elements (TEs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, the MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEM (MAIN), MAIN-LIKE 1 (MAIL1) and MAIL2 proteins belong to the Plant Mobile Domain (PMD) family. MAIN and MAIL1 interact with each other and with PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 7-LIKE (PP7L) to regulate gene transcription and repress TEs. The role of MAIL2 into the cell remains nknown. A homolog of MAIL2, SlPMD2, exists in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). The aim of my thesis was to describe in more details the mode of action of MAIN and MAIL1, to understand the role of MAIL2 within the cell and to explore the role of SlPMD2 in tomato. I was able to demonstrate that MAIN and MAIL1 are indirectly involved in the silencing of several TEs, by controlling MICRORCHIDIA 1 (MORC1) transcription, which is an important epigenetic factor. Using biochemical approaches, I showed that MAIN and MAIL1 interact with chromatin mainly in gene promoters, and that these proteins prevent the deposition of H3K27me3 mediated by the Polycomb pathway. In addition, I found that a specific DNA motif, called the MAIL1-MAIN (M1M) motif, is enriched at genomic regions targeted by the PMD proteins. Besides, phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses showed that MAIL2 is required for seed development and for the correct expression of several genes, a fraction of them carrying another specific DNA motif called MAIL2 motif (M2M) in their promoter. Finally, I present preliminary data suggesting that SlPMD2, which is the MAIL2 counterpart in tomato, is involved in seed development and germination, most likely by controlling the expression of specific genes. Like in A. thaliana, I identified a DNA motif, which is highly similar to the M2M motif, in the promoter of several genes that are misregulated in the slpmd2 mutant. Altogether, my results suggest that PMD proteins might be recruited at specific genomic regions through an evolutionary conserved DNA motif to ensure the proper expression of genes, possibly by antagonizing the Polycomb pathway in Angiosperms

Au sein du noyau eucaryote, la transcription, première étape de l’expression génique, est régulée par de nombreux facteurs et modifications épigénétiques telles que la méthylation de l’ADN et les modifications chimiques des histones. Les modifications épigénétiques jouent aussi un rôle essentiel dans la répression des séquences d’ADN répétées tels que les éléments transposables (TEs) qui, de par leur nature, peuvent avoir des effets délétères sur l’intégrité de la cellule. Grâce à un crible génétique mené chez la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana, la protéine MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEM (MAIN) a récemment été identifiée comme étant nécessaire pour la répression des TEs. MAIN appartient à la famille des Plant Mobile Domain (PMD) et possède trois proches paralogues : MAIN-LIKE1 (MAIL1), MAIL2 et MAIL3. Le but de ma thèse a été de comprendre les rôles et modes d’action de ces protéines dont les fonctions cellulaires restent mal connues. J’ai pu démontrer que MAIN et MAIL1 interagissent physiquement ensemble, mais aussi avec une phosphoprotéine phosphatase putative nommée PP7L. Grâce à des analyses de transcriptomiques, j’ai pu montrer que de nombreux gènes et TEs étaient communément dérégulés dans les fonds mutants main, mail1 et pp7l, ce qui est en accord avec l’identification d’un complexe protéique MAIN/MAIL1/PP7L. J’ai également initié des expériences de biochimie dans le but de déterminer le mode d’action des protéines MAIN et MAIL1, ainsi que des analyses de transcriptomiques de mutants mail2 et mail3 afin de mieux comprendre le rôle de ces protéines au sein de la cellule
Within the eukaryotic nucleus, transcription, the first step in gene expression, is regulated by numerous factors and epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and chemical modifications of histones. Epigenetic modifications also play an essential role in the répression of repeated DNA sequences such as transposable elements (TEs) which, by their nature, can have deleterious effects on cell integrity. Thanks to a genetic screen conducted in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEM (MAIN) protein has recently been identified as necessary for the repression of TEs. MAIN belongs to the Plant Mobile Domain (PMD) family and has three close paralogues: MAIN-LIKE1 (MAIL1), MAIL2 and MAIL3. The aim of my thesis was to understand the roles and modes of action of these proteins whose cellular functions remain poorly understood. I was able to demonstrate that MAIN and MAIL1 interact physically together, but also with a putative phosphoprotein phosphatase named PP7L. Through transcriptomic analyses, I was able to show that many genes and TEs were commonly deregulated in MAIN, MAIL1 and pp7L, which is consistent with the identification of a MAIN/MAIL1/PP7L protein complex. I have also initiated biochemical experiments to determine the mode of action of MAIN and MAIL1 proteins, as well as transcriptome analyses of mail2 and mail3 mutants to better understand the role of these proteins in the cell

The nuclear power continues to be a safe, reliable, and carbon-free electricity generating source for the United States (U.S.), though the cost of operating and maintaining the current U.S. nuclear power plant fleet has become uncompetitive with other sources. This gap is attributed to the advent of new digital technologies that other electricity generating industries are currently leveraging to streamline work and greatly reduce operating, maintenance, and support costs. To address the gap, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program Plant Modernization Pathway is conducting targeted research and development (R&D) to keep the existing U.S. nuclear power plants economically viable and extend their lifespans by improving their performance through two complementary mission areas:1.Delivering a sustainable business model that enables a cost-competitive U.S. nuclear industry, and2.Developing technology modernization solutions that address aging and obsolescence challenges.Integrated operations for nuclear (ION) is a driving LWRS Program plant modernization research area that focuses on delivering a sustainable business model to provide direction and focus for cross-functional R&D across the LWRS Program that focuses on developing technology modernization solutions. Recent ION research provides a target cost reduction needed in the next 3–5 years for the nuclear industry to remain cost competitive. This research identified major technological advancements (herein referred to as critical work domains) that will significantly reduce cost needed to operate, maintain, and support the existing U.S. nuclear power plant fleet. Some of these key critical work domains include: •Digital instrumentation and control (I&C) and control room modernization•Work/ requirement reduction•Mobile worker technology•Condition-based monitoring•Remote collaboration•Plant automation•Advanced analytics and assuranceThe scope of ION across these critical work domains is to enable transformation of work in a way that improves plant performance and efficiencies through a holistic analysis of the work performed. ION thereby emphasizes the implementation of advanced technologies that eliminate tedious manual tasks, reduce workload, improve team situation awareness, and improve organizational decision-making. To enable the success of ION, this work positions the need to apply a sociotechnical approach that carefully considers the work domain and its constraints to inform the how new technologies can be incorporated to support continued safe and reliable operation of the plant while maximizing the benefits of the new technology. Specifically, this work explores sociotechnical approaches such as cognitive work analysis, co-active design/ interdependency analysis, and systems theoretic process analysis to address the function allocation and data visualization elements of an ION transformation to ensure the economic viability of the existing U.S. nuclear power plant fleet.