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Academic literature on the topic 'PLANT INTERGRATED PROPORTIONAL INTEGRATED'
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Journal articles on the topic "PLANT INTERGRATED PROPORTIONAL INTEGRATED"
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Kumar Seth, Aakash, and Mukhtiar Singh. "Plant integrated proportional integrating based control design for electric vehicle charger." Computers and Electrical Engineering 105 (January 2023): 108522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108522.
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Gokul, A. P., Arun Palanimuthu, and P. B. Shabitha. "Studies on Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality Characters of Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Dennst.) Nicolsan) cv. Gajendra." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 21 (October 16, 2023): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i213960.
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The investigation was carried out to study the intergrated nutrient management practices on yield and quality characters of Elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus paeonifolius (Dennst.) Nicolsan) cv. Gajendra. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments with three replications and conducted at farmer’s field at Thirukkanur village, Villianur, Puducherry during the year 2020 with spacing 60 x 60 cm. Elephant foot yams corms were cut into 800 g for planting, after cutting corms were dipped in cow dung slurry and placed for drying. The treatments comprised of three levels of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF - 80:40:100 Kg NPK ha-1) viz., 75%, 100% and 150% along with organic inputs viz., FYM (20 t ha-1), Vermicompost (5 t ha-1) and (CBF 5 Kg ha-1), organic manures of different combinations were applied as basal; where as recommended dose of fertilizer were also applied combined with organic manures. The observations were recorded at 190 days after planting. The results recorded maximum values for yield parameters viz., Culm girth (14.60 cm), Corm circumference (46.86 cm), Single Corm weight (48.21 Kg) plant-1, Yield plant-1 (2.42 Kg), Yield per plot (60.76 Kg), Total yield (40.15t ha-1) whereas quality parameters such as Moisture content (79.64 %), Starch content (18.02 %), Crude protein(6.11 %), Calciumoxalate (12.18 mg g-1), Total sugar content (2.62 mg g-1) and β carotene (0.19µg g-1). From the experiment, it was concluded that the integrated nutrient management viz., combination of vermicompost with 100 per cent RDF along with consortium biofertilizer were identified as the best treatment to increase quality and yield.
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Huang, Jianfeng, Jianlong Zhang, and Chengliang Yin. "Comparative study of motor speed synchronization control for an integrated motor–transmission powertrain system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 4 (July 13, 2019): 1137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019862894.
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This paper compares several kinds of methods for motor speed synchronization control, which plays an important role in gear shifting of emerging clutchless automated manual transmissions for battery electric vehicles and other powertrain systems for hybrid electric vehicles. Specifically, four controllers, namely, proportional-integral control, disturbance observer–based proportional control, integral sliding mode–based proportional control, and disturbance observer–based act-and-wait control, are compared in transient responses regarding settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error. Each is formulated by combining one nominal controller for speed tracking and another for disturbance compensation. For disturbance observer–based proportional control, model-based determination of the feedback gain and disturbance observer gain is discussed. Simulations and experiments are carried out to study effects of different controller parameter settings and evaluate performances of different methods under different operation conditions with disturbances and uncertainties like plant parameter drift, communication time delay, unknown load torques, and so on. Based on the results, it is advised that disturbance observer–based proportional control with the reference signal set as the nominal speed trajectory be used in practice, since it comes with merits of few controller parameters to be determined as well as robust, consistent, and satisfactory performances.
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Gül, Ozan, and Nusret Tan. "Application of fractional-order voltage controller in building-integrated photovoltaic and wind turbine system." Measurement and Control 52, no. 7-8 (July 17, 2019): 1145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019858213.
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The share of electricity generation based on clean, inexhaustible and continuous energy sources, such as solar and wind, in total energy production, is rising day by day due to its significant advantages such as having the less negative impact on global climate and environmental pollution and not requiring fuel for energy production. It is reported that commercial and residential buildings correspond to about 20.1% of the world energy consumption, so it is necessary to provide energy needs of buildings with hybrid renewable energy systems. When using non-continuous energy sources such as solar panel and wind turbines, it is important to ensure ensuring a stable and quality power flow to the building while the power demands of building show very sharp variability. This work presents a voltage control system using fractional-order operators in the smart residential building-integrated hybrid renewable power plant (solar + wind). In this research article, fractional-order proportional–integral/proportional–integral–derivative controllers are proposed on a synchronous frame for a pulse-width modulation based three-phase voltage source inverter in residential building-integrated solar panel and wind turbines system (building-integrated photovoltaic/wind turbine system) in order to improve the quality of injected voltage to building. When comparing the effect of closed-loop voltage control system with integer order controllers (proportional–integral and proportional–integral–derivative) on the power quality at the building distribution by analyzing the simulation results for proposed case study, use of fractional-order voltage controllers for nonlinear system such as building integrated with hybrid renewable sources is more suitable than using integer order voltage controllers.
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Sadras, Victor O. "A quantitative top-down view of interactions between stresses: theory and analysis of nitrogen - water co-limitation in Mediterranean agro-ecosystems." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 11 (2005): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05073.
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The multiple factors constraining the growth, reproduction, and survival of diverse organisms are often non-additive. Research of interacting factors generally involves conceptual models that are specific for target organism, type of stress, and process. As a complement to this reductionist, bottom-up view, in this review I discuss a quantitative top-down approach to interacting stresses based on co-limitation theory. Firstly, co-limitation theory is revised. Co-limitation is operationally identified when the output response of a biological system (e.g. plant or population growth) to two or more inputs is greater than its response to each factor in isolation. The hypothesis of Bloom, Chapin, and Mooney, that plant growth is maximised when it is equally limited by all resources, is reworded in terms of co-limitation and formulated in quantitative terms, i.e. for a given intensity of aggregate stress, plant growth is proportional to degree of resource co-limitation. Emphasis is placed on the problems associated with the quantification of co-limitation. It is proposed that seasonal indices of nitrogen and water stress calculated with crop simulation models can be integrated in indices accounting for the aggregated intensity of water and nitrogen stress (SWN), the degree of water and nitrogen co-limitation (CWN), and the integrated effect of stress and co-limitation (SCWN = CWN/SWN). The expectation is that plant growth and yield should be an inverse function of stress intensity and a direct function of co-limitation, thus proportional to SCWN. Secondly, the constraints imposed by water and nitrogen availability on yield and water use efficiency of wheat crops are highlighted in case studies of low-input farming systems of south-eastern Australia. Thirdly, the concept of co-limitation is applied to the analysis of (i) grain yield responses to water–nitrogen interactions, and (ii) trade-offs between nitrogen- and water-use efficiency. In agreement with theoretical expectations, measured grain yield is found to be proportional to modelled SCWN. Productivity gains associated with intensification of cropping practices are interpreted in terms of a trade-off, whereby water-use efficiency is improved at the expense of nitrogen-use efficiency, thus leading to a higher degree of resource co-limitation.
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Chatterjee, Aditi, Kanungobarada Mohanty, Vinaya Sagar Kommukuri, and Kishor Thakre. "Model predictive current controller for performance enhancement of grid-integrated single-phase photovoltaic distributed generation plants." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 762–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216665686.
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Acknowledgement of renewable sources of energy as substitute energy sources for power production has expanded the number of distributed generation plants being incorporated into the conventional power distribution system. The single-phase voltage source inverter allying the photovoltaic plant with the grid has to address various issues identified with the quality of current injected into the grid, output power factor and power exchange between the plant and the grid. This paper concentrates on the investigation, design and implementation of a digital predictive current control technique known as the model predictive current controller for the control of single-phase photovoltaic distributed generation plants. The performance of the controller is evaluated under varied operating conditions. The proposed current controller is compared with the conventional proportional–integral controller in terms of its design methodology, steady state and dynamic response. The simulation and experimental results validates the effectiveness of the proposed model predictive current controller.
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Piano, Jeferson Tiago, Jonas Francisco Egewarth, Jucenei Fernando Frandoloso, Eloisa Mattei, ,. Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego, and Juan López de Herrera. "Decomposition and nutrients cycling of residual biomass from integrated crop-livestock system." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(05) 2019 (May 20, 2019): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.05.p1488.
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The objective was to evaluate the decomposition and nutrient release of biomass from maintenance of fallow or oat crop (IPR 126), managed in integrated crop-livestock, during the soybean crop cycle (85 days) in no tillage system in two years (2014 and 2015). The design was a randomized complete block in a subdivided plot scheme, with the parcel consisting of four plots (four straws, from fallow or oat cultivation) and the subplots (evaluation periods 0, 10, 35, 60 and 85 DAS) with the evaluation times throughout the crop cultivation soybean. The amount of biomass and the content of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn were calculated. The amount of biomass and nutrients presents a similar pattern of decrease in their values; however, the climatic conditions and the C/N ratio play an important role in the decomposition and mineralization of nutrients. The mineralized amount of N, K, P, Ca, Mg and Zn is directly proportional to their initial content in the biomass, and K nutrient is quickly released from crop residues. Most of the nutrients studied were released during the soybean crop development cycle, favoring its development; this can provide a reduction of external inputs in the property.
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Bakhtiar, Toni, Ihza Rizkia Fitri, Farida Hanum, and Ali Kusnanto. "Mathematical Model of Pest Control Using Different Release Rates of Sterile Insects and Natural Enemies." Mathematics 10, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10060883.
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In the framework of integrated pest management, biological control through the use of living organisms plays important roles in suppressing pest populations. In this paper, the complex interaction between plants and pest insects is examined under the intervention of natural enemies releases coupled with sterile insects technique. A set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is developed in terms of optimal control model considering characteristics of populations involved. Optimal control measures are sought in such a way they minimize the pest density simultaneously with the control efforts. Three different strategies relating to the release rate of sterile insects and predators as natural enemies, namely, constant, proportional, and saturating proportional release rates, are examined for the attainability of control objective. The necessary optimality conditions of the control problem are derived by using Pontryagin maximum principle, and the forward–backward sweep method is then implemented to numerically calculate the optimal solution. It is shown that, in an environment consisting of rice plants and brown planthoppers as pests, the releases of sterile planthoppers and ladybeetles as natural enemies can deteriorate the pest density and thus increase the plant biomass. The release of sterile insects with proportional rate and the release of natural enemies with constant rate are found to be the most cost-effective strategy in controlling pest insects. This strategy successfully decreases the pest population about 35 percent, and thus increases the plant density by 13 percent during control implementation.
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Buffo, Giulio, Domenico Ferrero, Massimo Santarelli, and Andrea Lanzini. "Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (ReSOC) as flexible polygeneration plant integrated with CO2 capture and reuse." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911302009.
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This work presents the concept of a Reversible Solid Oxide Cell (ReSOC) system localized in an urban residential district. The system is operated as a polygeneration plant that acts as interface between the electricity grid and the local micro-grid of the district. The ReSOC plant produces hydrogen via electrolysis during periods of low electricity demand (i.e., low-priced electricity). Hydrogen is used for multiple city needs: public mobility (H2 bus fleet), electricity production delivered to the micro-grid during peak-demand hours, and heat (accumulated in a storage) provided to the local district heating (DH) network. An additional option analyzed is the use of part of the H2 to produce DME using CO2 captured from biogas obtained from municipal solid wastes. The DME is used for fueling a fleet of trucks for the garbage collection in the residential district. A traditional CO2 removal process based on liquid MEA thermally integrated with the ReSOC system is studied. A time-resolved model interfaces the steady-state operating points with the thermal storage and the loads (electrical, H2 buses, DME trucks, heat), implementing constraints of thermal and H2 self-sufficiency on the system. Neglecting the DME option, the average daily roundtrip electric efficiency is about 38%, while the annual efficiency, which includes H2 mobility and thermal energy to DH, reaches 68%. When the DME option is considered, the thermal demand for CO2 removal and conversion process reduces the heat availability for DH, while the need for additional H2 for DME synthesis increases the electricity consumption for water electrolysis: both these phenomena imply a reduction of system efficiency (-9%) proportional to DME demand.
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McMurtry, Mark, and Douglas Sanders. "PERFORMANCE OF AN INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE~ OLERICULTURE SYSTEM AS INFLUENCED BY COMPONENT RATIO." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1151F—1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1151.
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Fish and vegetable production were linked in a recirculating water system. Hybrid tilapia were grown in tanks and fed a commercial feed. Tomato or cucumber were grown in sand biofilters associated with each tank. Four tank to biofilter volume ratios, ranging from 1:0.67 to 1:2.25, were studied by varying the biofilter size. Plant populations were directly proportional to biofilter volume and surface irrigated 8 times daily with aquacultural `waste' water, Biofilter drainage returned to the fish tanks by gravity. Each system received identical nutrient inputs and plants received equal water. Biological filtration, aeration, and mineral assimilation by plants maintained water quality under rapid fish growth rates. Dissolved oxygen levels, make-up water, fish biomass increase and growth rates increased with biofilter volume. Total fruit yield increased but yield per plant decreased with increasing biofilter volume. Caloric content of the increase in fish biomass per liter of total water decreased white that of tomato increased with increasing biofilter volume. Calories in the combined yields per liter of water used did not differ by treatment. Total protein production per liter of water used decreased with increasing biofilter volume. Both caloric value and protein production in the combined outputs increased with biofilter volume irrespective of water consumption. Annualized economic value from the combined fish and `Laura' tomato production per composite unit area ranged from $98 to $124 m-2 with decreasing tank to biofilter ratio.
Conference papers on the topic "PLANT INTERGRATED PROPORTIONAL INTEGRATED"
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Iester, Federico, Luca Mantelli, Michele Bozzolo, Loredana Magistri, and Aristide Fausto Massardo. "Performance Assessment of an Innovative Turbocharged Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-103513.
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Abstract This paper presents an innovative turbocharged proton-exchange membrane fuel cell system (TC-PEMFC) fuelled by hydrogen. Their high efficiency and absence of pollutant emissions allowed interest in hydrogen-powered PEMFCs to grow constantly over the past few decades. Nowadays, both industry and academia consider PEMFCs as one of the most promising solutions to replace conventional fossil fuel plants and achieve decarbonization of the energy and transportation sectors. The system proposed in this study further improves the performance of standalone PEMFCs (generally within the 60–40% range), using the pressurization of the fuel cells. Two separate stacks are operated in parallel and integrated with a turbocharger, which pressurizes the cathode air flows. Before being discharged into the ambient, the PEMFC outlet flow expands in the turbine, providing part of the mechanical power absorbed by the compressor and increasing the net power output of the plant. The remaining part is supplied by an electrical motor connected to the shaft of the turbocharger. To guarantee the proper operation of the PEMFCs in terms of mass flows, pressures, temperatures, chemical compositions and humidity, the layout incorporates many auxiliary components. They include a polymeric membrane cross-flow humidifier on the cathode side, a gas-to-gas heat exchanger on the air loop, a side channel blower on the anode recirculation and a liquid cooling system for the stacks. A dedicated control system was designed to keep all the operative parameters of the plant on the proper values. A proportional-integral-derivative controller and a set of look-up tables regulate the opening of fuel and bypass valves, as well as the rotational speed of turbocharger, cooling fluid pump and blower. To fully understand the potential of this innovative solution, Rolls-Royce Solutions and Thermochemical Power Group (University of Genoa) developed a simulation model using GT-Power, a commercial software by Gamma Technologies Inc. The complete layout of the system was recreated within GT-Power relying on its extensive library of components. This is the first time a turbocharged PEMFC system was modelized including all the main balance of plant components and implementing the full control logics. The model was used to simulate the TC-PEMFC system under different conditions, to monitor its operative parameters, and to compare its performance with a standalone PEMFC. The promising results obtained during this analysis confirm the potential of the turbocharged layout and open the way for even more sophisticated simulation studies and experimental activities.