Journal articles on the topic 'Plant heterosis'
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Banerjee, P., and P. Kole. "Heterosis, inbreeding depression and their relationship with genetic divergence in sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.)." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 58, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.58.2010.3.15.
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Seven parents (CST2002, MT34, OS-Sel-2, TKG22, AAUDT9304-14-4, B67 and Rama), their 21 F 1 s and 21 F 2 s were grown in summer 2003 in a randomized block design with three replications. Heterosis and inbreeding depression were studied for seven important yield-contributing characters (plant height, branch number plant −1 , capsules plant −1 , seeds capsule −1 , 1000-seed weight, stick yield plant −1 and seed yield plant −1 ). Maximum heterosis for seed yield plant −1 over the mid- and better-parent was recorded in CST2002×TKG22 (43.30%) and MT34×B67 (27.22%), respectively. Mid-parent heterosis for seed yield plant −1 was due to cumulative heterosis for various important component traits, such as capsules plant −1 , seeds capsule −1 and 1000-seed weight. Inbreeding depression was highest for seed yield, followed by 1000-seed weight, capsules plant −1 , branch number and plant height, indicating the predominance of non-additive genetic effects. B67×Rama exhibited significant positive heterosis in F 1 , but non-significant inbreeding depression in F 2 for seed yield. This cross can be utilized as basic material for identifying better pure lines. The clustering pattern indicated that in general genetically diverse parents exhibited more heterosis, as evident in the majority of the crosses.
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Rehman, Attiq ur, Trang Dang, Shanzay Qamar, Amina Ilyas, Reemana Fatema, Madan Kafle, Zawar Hussain, Sara Masood, Shehyar Iqbal, and Khurram Shahzad. "Revisiting Plant Heterosis—From Field Scale to Molecules." Genes 12, no. 11 (October 24, 2021): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12111688.
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Heterosis refers to the increase in biomass, stature, fertility, and other characters that impart superior performance to the F1 progeny over genetically diverged parents. The manifestation of heterosis brought an economic revolution to the agricultural production and seed sector in the last few decades. Initially, the idea was exploited in cross-pollinated plants, but eventually acquired serious attention in self-pollinated crops as well. Regardless of harvesting the benefits of heterosis, a century-long discussion is continued to understand the underlying basis of this phenomenon. The massive increase in knowledge of various fields of science such as genetics, epigenetics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics persistently provide new insights to understand the reasons for the expression of hybrid vigor. In this review, we have gathered information ranging from classical genetic studies, field experiments to various high-throughput omics and computational modelling studies in order to understand the underlying basis of heterosis. The modern-day science has worked significantly to pull off our understanding of heterosis yet leaving open questions that requires further research and experimentation. Answering these questions would possibly equip today’s plant breeders with efficient tools and accurate choices to breed crops for a sustainable future.
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V. N. Chinchane, K. H. Deshmukh, and A. V. Shinde. "Study on Heterosis for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Desi Cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1010.016.
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The present investigation entitled “Studies on Heterosis for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Desi Cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) was undertaken with the objective to study the scale of heterosis over mid parent (Average heterosis), better parent (Heterobeltiosis) and standard check (Standard heterosis). The line x tester method of analysis was followed involving four females viz., PA 811, PA 839, PA 808 and PAIG 380 and six males viz. AKA 8, JLA 505, PA 812, AKA 7, PA 08 and Phule Dhanwantry for study of heterosis for various yield and yield contributing characters. The F1’s and theis parents were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with two replications. Observations were recorded on Days to 50 % flowering, Plant height (cm), Number of sympodia, Number of bolls/plant, Boll weight (g), Seed index, Seed cotton yield/plant (g) and Lint index. The magnitude of heterosis was highest for seed cotton yield per plant, which was recorded to the extent of 115.28 % over standard check PKV Suvarna in the cross PAIG 380 x AKA 8 followed by 109.68 % over standard check PKVDH 1.
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Feng, Shouqian, Xiaoliu Chen, Shujing Wu, and Xuesen Chen. "Recent Advances in Understanding Plant Heterosis." Agricultural Sciences 06, no. 09 (2015): 1033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2015.69098.
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Hale, Anna L., and Mark W. Farnham. "Heterosis for Horticultural Traits in Broccoli." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 990C—990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.990c.
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Over the last 3 decades, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) hybrids made by crossing two inbred lines replaced open-pollinated populations to become the predominant type of cultivar. The change to hybrids evolved with little or no understanding of heterosis or hybrid vigor in this crop. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine levels of heterosis expressed by a set of hybrids derived by crossing relatively elite, modern inbreds (n = 9). A total of 36 hybrids formed by crossing nine parents were evaluated for horticultural characters, including head weight, head stem diameter, plant height, plant width (in a row), and maturity (e.g., days from transplant to harvest) in four environments. When averaged across all four environments, roughly half of the hybrids exhibited high parent heterosis for head weight (1 to 30 g) and stem diameter (0.2 to 3.5 cm). Almost all hybrids showed high parent heterosis for plant height (1 to 10 cm) and width (2 to 13 cm). Unlike other traits, there was negative heterosis for maturity, indicating that heterosis for this character in hybrids is expressed as earliness. With modern broccoli inbreds, heterosis for head characteristics appears less important than for traits that measure plant vigor.
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Goryanina, Tatyana Aleksandrovna. "Features of inheritance of productivity traits by winter rye hybrids in the first generation." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i2pp14-19.
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The results of the study of the inheritance of productivity traits by hybrids of the first generation of winter rye in the fields of the Samara Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences for 2012-2013 are presented. Inheritance of traits and heterosis (hypothetical and somatic) depend not only on the parental forms, but also on climatic factors. Heterosis for grain weight spike is positively correlated with an increased number of spikelets of the spike, number and weight of grains, and plants, weight of ear, degree of dominance and decreases with an increase in internode length (r=-0,23... -0,30). Heterosis for plant height correlated with an increase in the mass of 1000 grains and the "degree of dominance (hp)" plant height, hypothetical increases with increasing productive tillering (r=0,30±0,18), true - decreases with increasing number of grains per spike (r=-0,33±0,18). Heterosis for number of grains per spike increases with increasing number and weight of grain per spike and plant, weight of spike, heterosis for grain weight spike, "the degree of dominance (hp)" weight of grain per spike and number of grains and decreases with increasing the length of the top internode (r=-0,48... -0,49). The heterosis for 1000-grain weight manifested by increasing productive tillering, ear length, the heterosis of grain weight from the ear of heterosis for number of grains, the "degree of dominance (hp)" on the weight of grains in spike, weight of 1000 grains and decreases with increasing number of grains (r=-0,22 -0,33...), true of heterosis for plant height (r=-0,21... -0,22), "degree of dominance (hp)" the number of grains (r=-0,34... -0,38).
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RAIKWAR, R. S. "Heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and its components traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i2.99007.
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Heterosis and inbreeding depression was analysed using a set of diallel crosses involving 10 diverse parents (excluding reciprocals). Heterosis over standard parent for grain yield per plant ranged from -9.65–45.45 (%) and -14.78–12.05 (%) under normal and late sown conditions, respectively and heterosis over better-parent for grain yield per plant ranged from -26.43–70.77(%) and -32.16–12.05(%) respectively. Nature and magnitude of heterosis and inbreeding depression varied across crosses, characters as well as environments. Considering the very high degree of heterosis in desirable direction, the importance of non-additive components of genetic variance was observed for yield and most of the yield contributing components. Cross II (K 603 × Azad) and cross IV (RD 2618 × PL 708) revealed better specific cross combinations to be used for heterosis. The study revealed good scope for commercial exploitation of heterosis as well as isolation of pure lines among the progenies of heterotic F1 for improvement of yield levels in barley.
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Pandini, Fábio, Natal Antonio Vello, and Ângela Celis de Almeida Lopes. "Heterosis in soybeans for seed yield components and associated traits." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45, no. 4 (December 2002): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132002000600001.
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The objective of this research was to quantify heterosis of agronomic traits and evaluate direct and indirect correlations among seed yield and other traits. A diallel involving six parents was grown in two localities. Seed yield (PG), one-hundred seed weight (PCS), number of pods per plant (NV), weight of aerial part of the plant (PPA), harvest index (IC) and number of seeds per pod (NGV) were evaluated. Positive values of heterosis were detected for all traits. Estimates of heterosis components were significative for most traits, showing effects of aditivity and dominance. The specific heterosis was more important than the variety heterosis, mainly in the locality Anhembi. MTBR-95-123800 presented the best potential per se and as parent in crosses, but it was excelled by some of the hybrids in the two localities. Number of pods per plant demonstrated to be suitable for indirect selection for PG.
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Ray, Shuma Rani, A. K. M. Aminul Islam, M. G. Rasul, M. M. Hasan Aminul Saikat, and J. U. Ahmed. "Heterobeltiosis and Economic Heterosis for Grain Yield Related Traits of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v9i1.34038.
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Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population and to increase the yield potential of rice would be a key factor for mitigating global demands of about 810 million tons of rice by 2025. To exploit the economic importance of heterosis, quantitative valuation was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications for 16 agronomic traits of 5x5 half diallel populations during boro season of 2017-2018. Diallel populations were generated by using five selected parents (P1: BRRI dhan28, P2: BRRI dhan74, P3: BINA dhan10, P4: IR59418-7B-21-3 and P5: BRRI dhan67) where, P1 was considered as standard check to estimate the economic heterosis. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variability among the genotypes for most of the traits except grain length and length-breadth ratio. The results showed that none of the hybrid combination performed better for all the traits over the three types of heterosis. The highest relative heterosis was recorded in P3×P4 followed by P4×P5 for grain yield plant-1, filled grains panicle-1, effective tillers plant-1. Majority of the cross combinations (>60%) revealed highly significant positive heterosis for grain yield plant-1 over mid parent. Heterobeltiosis for grain yield plant-1 was observed significant for 50% cross combinations and could be utilized in hybrid breeding. Whereas, more than 70% crosses exhibited undesirable negative standard heterosis for grain yield plant-1. Only two cross combinations (P3×P5 and P3×P4) among ten revealed significant positive economic heterosis for grain yield plant-1 and those could be exploited in rice breeding.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(1): 45-53
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Zakeri Haddadan, Assadollah, Mehdi Ghaffari, Eslam Majidi Hervan, and Bahram Alizadeh. "Impact of parent inbred lines on heterosis expression for agronomic characteristics in sunflower." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 56, No. 3 (June 22, 2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/100/2019-cjgpb.
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To study the impact of parent-inbred lines on the heterosis expression of the agronomic characteristics in sunflower hybrids, 24 sunflower hybrids along with the parent lines were evaluated for their agronomic characteristics as a randomised complete block design with three replications in the 2018–2019 growing seasons in Karaj, Iran. According to the results, the hybrids R29 × A346, R19 × A346, R29 × A40 had the highest achene yield (4 159, 4 143 and 4 108 kg/ha, respectively), but the highest heterosis was observed in R29 × A212 and R19 × A212 (182 and 181%, respectively) suggesting that the incidence of heterosis is related to the relative performance of both the parents and hybrids. The results confirmed the heterosis expression for most of the agronomic traits. The heterosis for the days to flowering and maturity were negative. All the mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for the plant height, head diameter, stem diameter and achene number were positive, while only the plant height was positive for the best parent heterosis (BPH). Almost all the MPH and BPH of the crosses for the achene and oil yield were positive, which indicates a considerable heterosis for the achene and oil yield. The results showed that the relative impact of the restorer (R)-lines was higher than the cytoplasmic mail sterile (CMS)-lines on the heterosis expression for the days to maturity, stem diameter, achene number per head and achene and oil yield. The CMS-lines had more of an impact on the heterosis expression for the plant height and the relative impact of the R-lines and CMS-lines were almost similar for the days to flowering, head diameter, achene weight and oil content. Due to the higher relative impact of the paternal lines on the heterosis expression for half of the studied characteristics in this study, choosing suitable parental lines will have a crucial role in breeding the sunflowers for a desired trait.
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Thomson, NJ, and DJ Luckett. "Heterosis and combining ability effects on cotton. II. Heterosis." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 6 (1988): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880991.
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The yield and quality of a diverse range of cotton hybrids was measured in one, or more, of a number of experiments conducted in the Ord River valley, Western Australia (15�S.) and the Namoi River valley, New South Wales (30�S.). Two of the experiments were diallels, one involving nine parents, the other thirteen parents. In both the plant and subsequent ratoon crops, mean yield of the hybrids was significantly greater than the mean yield of the parents, and the hybrids had significantly longer and stronger fibre. A few hybrids in both diallels significantly outyielded commercial controls by between 15 and 35% in both the plant and ratoon crops. Subsequently, in other experiments including one with near-commercial large plots, the high performers from the diallel experiments were inconsistent for yield, usually exhibiting little or no heterosis above that of the best commercial cultivars. Other hybrids tested in these experiments also generally failed to outyield the commercial controls, although a number had higher-quality fibre. It was concluded the heterosis for yield is not consistent enough under high-yielding Australian conditions to warrant the commercial production of hybrid cotton seed. Some hybrids, however, especially the interspecific G. hirsutum x G. barbadense ones, have the stronger, finer fibre that appears better suited to cotton spinning equipment now being developed, and this aspect could justify reappraisal of this conclusion in the future.
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Grant, I., and W. D. Beversdorf. "Heterosis and combining ability estimates in spring-planted oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-069.
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A 6 × 6 diallel cross was conducted in spring-planted oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in 1983 at Elora and Dundalk, Ontario. The F1 hybrids exhibited positive heterosis for seed yield, of up to 72%, over the higher-yielding parent in the hybrid crosses. Heterosis for 1000 seed weight, percent oil, plant height, and lodging resistance was nonsignificant; negative heterosis for percent protein was observed with some hybrids. Generally, the hybrids were intermediate to the parents in flowering date and physiological maturity. Specific combining ability was more important than general combining ability for seed yield, percent oil, percent protein, plant height (Dundalk), and lodging resistance (Elora); specific combining ability was as important as general combining ability for 1000 seed weight, physiological maturity, plant height (Elora), and lodging resistance (Dundalk). The cultivars 'Topas' and 'Regent' were the best general combiners for seed yield. The best specific combinations for seed yield heterosis, 'Westar' × 'Hanna', 'Regent' × 'Liné', and 'Regent' × 'D-1', exhibited average high-parent heterosis values of 50, 38, and 30%, respectively. The results demonstrated that considerable potential exists for producing high-yielding single-cross hybrids of oilseed rape. Commercial exploitation of this heterosis will depend on the successful development of suitable pollination control mechanisms.Key words: Brassica napus, oilseed rape, F1 hybrid, heterosis, combining ability.
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Simi, F., NA Ivy, HB Saif, S. Akter, and MFA Anik. "Heterosis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 4 (February 27, 2018): 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i4.35801.
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Heterosis for quantitative characters in 39 cucumber genotypes (19 parents and 20 F1 s) were investigated at the farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during March-November, 2013. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the parents and hybrids for 19 characters studied. Considerable coefficient of variation were observed for branches per plant, flesh thickness, placental thickness, fruit length ,fruit width, male and female flowers per plant, leaf length, leaf breadth, vine length, fruits per plant , fruit yield per plant indicating the scope of selection for those characters. The characters like branches per plant, male and female flowers per plant, fruit length, fruit weight, fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant contributed the maximum variability towards divergence among cucumber genotypes. Heterosis study depicted that the crosses Sobujsathi × Baromashi, Sobujsathi × Khira, Himaloy × Khira, exhibited significant positive heterosis for 50 % female flowering; Himaloy × Baromashi, Baromashi× Greenking for fruit length; Baromashi × Hero, Yuvraj × Khira for single fruit weight. Where Sobujsathi × Baromashi, Shila× Khira , Modhumoti × Hero and Modhumoti × Khira exhibited significant positive heterosis and heterobeltiosis for yield per plant. The highest positive heterotic effect for no. of fruits per plant was observed in Modhumoti × Baromashi (20%). The highest heterobeltiosis effect was found in hybrid Himaloy × Yuvraj (24.5%) followed by Sobujsathi× Khira (11.2 %), Modhumoti × Baromashi (10.0 %). Four crosses exhibited significant positive better parent heterotic effect for this trait and the combination Sobujsathi × Baromashi had the maximum heterosis on yield (47.6%). The maximum heterobeltiosis effect was found in Shila × Khira (27.73 %) followed by Modhumoti × Hero (15.14%) and Modhumoti × Khira (10%) for fruit yield.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 731-747, December 2017
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Jahan, TA, AKMA Islam, MG Rasul, MAK Mian, and MM Haque. "Heterosis of qualitative and quantitative characteristics in sweet gourd (Cucurbita moschata duch.ex poir)." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 51 (May 28, 2012): 6186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.51.10600.
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The heterotic effects and genetic components of variation for qualitative and quantitative characters were estimated in sweet gourd. The phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters indicating that environment played a considerable role on the expression of these characters. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance found in parents and hybrids for number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight and fruit yield suggested that improvement would be effective through phenotypic selection. Both positive and negative heterosis was observed for different qualitative and quantitative characters in F1 hybrids of sweet gourd. None of the hybrids exhibited maximum heterosis for all the traits, but significant and desirable level of heterosis over mid parent and better parent was obtained in several hybrids for the different traits. For node number of first female flower, two hybrids, OP 10×OP 24 and OP 10×OP 20 recorded the highest significant positive mid and better parent heterosis, respectively. The highest significant (p<0.05) positive mid and better parent heterosis for female flowers per plant was exhibited by the hybrid OP 20×OP 02. Significant (p<0.05) and desirable level of mid and better parent heterosis was exhibited by six and four hybrids, respectively, for fruits per plant and fruit yield per plant. The hybrids OP 10×OP 20 and OP 20×OP 02 showed the highest significant (p<0.05) positive mid parent and better parent heterosis for % reducing sugar, respectively. None of the hybrids showed significant (p>0.05) heterosis over mid and better parent for brix content. The hybrids OP 10×OP 02 and OP 04×OP 02 showed significant mid parent heterosis for carotene content. Four hybrids, OP 10×OP 20, OP 20×OP 02, OP 10×OP 02 and OP 04×OP 02 exhibited significant (p<0.05) positive heterosis for majority of the characters studied and were identified as promising for commercial cultivation. We concluded that performance of these hybrids needs to be further evaluated in multi location or on farm trial prior to commercial use.
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Shinda, Cecilia A., Josiah N. Gitari, Paul N. Nthakanio, Steven Runo, Bernard Gichimu, and Samuel Maina. "PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF CROSSES BETWEEN GADAM AND HARDCORE TANNIN SORGHUM IN HYBRID LINES PRODUCTION." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 9, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2021.9(4).417.431.
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Gadam cultivar of sorghum has been characterized by low yields compared to the international yield levels of sorghum. In this research, Gadam was crossed with Serena, Seredo, and Kari/Mtama-1 in an attempt to increase yield through heterosis. The objective of this study was to determine the level of compatibility and heterosis in crosses between Gadam and the three sorghum lines in a reciprocal crossing. Gadam was crossed with the three lines and their reciprocals to make six treatments that were subjected to compatibility and heterosis tests. The F1 hybrid lines and their parental controls were sown in a randomized complete block design in three replicates. Compatibility and heterosis data variances were analyzed using R statistical software. The cross between Gadam x Serena, Serena x Gadam and the parent Gadam exhibited moderate mean plant height ranging from 99.5 cm to 120.5 cm. The cross Gadam x Serena recorded a desirable negative mid-parent heterosis of -19.89 and -16.16 for plant height and days to maturity respectively. All F1 hybrids recorded positive mid-parent heterosis for the panicle length, the number of reproductive tillers, a thousand seed weight, and the number of tillers per plant. The crosses Gadam x Seredo, Seredo x Gadam, Gadam x Serena and Kari/Mtama-1 x Gadam recorded significantly lower grain filling percentages compared to their parents. In conclusion, the F1 hybrids differed significantly from their reciprocal crosses especially in days of heading, flowering, and maturity indicating a significant maternal influence in these traits. Also, the mid-parent and better parent heterosis had a nonsignificant difference in quantitative traits assessed except for the plant height and grain filling percentage.
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Emrey, Tafere Mulualem. "The Application of Molecular Marker on Crop Heterosis Development: A Review Paper." Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 5 (April 15, 2022): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol10n5pp5160.
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Heterosis has historically been exploited in plants; however, its underlying genetic mechanisms and molecular basis remain elusive. The use of molecular markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting agriculturally important traits has become a key approach in plant genetics-both for understanding the genetic basis of these traits and to help design novel plant improvement programs. Hybrids are commercially successful in many crops, including sorghum. Development of hybrids through the exploitation of heterosis involves evaluation of hundreds of test crosses in the field, making it input and resource intensive. Therefore, plant breeders are interested in methods that can forecast the potential parental combinations so that only limited test crosses can be evaluated for heterosis. The availability of genomic tools such as DNA markers and gene expression platforms has encouraged research groups globally to work toward the prediction of heterosis. This review is intended to be a summary of recent developments in molecular markers and their applications in plant breeding and is devoted to early researchers with a little or no knowledge of molecular markers. Overall, this review reveals about the role of various recently developed molecular markers in the improvement of crop. Molecular markers act as a breakthrough for the researchers who aim to enhance crop breeding and its role in heterosis.
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Singh, A. K., A. K. Mall, and P. K. Singh. "Stability factor and heterosis for yield and yield determinants over environments in Indian rapeseed, Brassica rapa var. yellow sarson." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1581.
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Forty-four yellow sarson hybrids developed by line x testers mating design (3 pistillate lines x 9 male parents) were studied along with parents and a standard check for heterosis of yield determinant characters in two environments [Genetics and Plant Breeding Farm (E1), Kumarganj and CRS, Masodha (E2)]. Significant desired heterobeltiosis ranged from 4.52 to 44.86 per cent in E1 and 13.42 to 62.07 per cent in E2 while, standard heterosis ranged from -6.64 to 23.01 per cent in E1 and -6.30 to 21.85 per cent for seed yield plant-1 . Other characters also showed considerable heterosis over better parent and standard check. The crosses L2 x T1 and L3 x T1 were identified as potential for commercial exploitation of heterosis both for seed yield plant-1 and oil content. High heterotic hybrids in both the environments viz., L8 x T1 and L9 x T1 showed stability in performance for nine characters including seed yield plant-1 where as among parent NDYS-141 showed near unity ratio of stability factor for five characters. L9 x T1 followed by L8 x T1 could be identified as most promising crosses on the basis of stability, per se performance, standard heterosis, high GCA and significant SCA effects.
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Li, Ru, Min Tian, Shanshan Nie, and Lugang Zhang. "Changes in Alternative Splicing Revealed Special Metabolic Pathways Related to Heterosis of Heading Chinese Cabbage." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010017.
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As an important genetic improvement technique in current production practice, heterosis is widely used to enhance the productive traits of hybrid progeny from their parents. Alternative splicing (AS) analysis can be used as a method for exploring the molecular manifestations of heterosis. In our research, 16 hybrids and their parents were utilized to analyze the heterosis performance and AS events. Statistics of plant gross weight (PGW) showed that these hybrids had prominent heterosis, with the mid-parent heterosis values (MPV) ranging from 15.69% to 233.98%. Through pairwise comparison among the female parent, male parent, and hybrid, there were 2980–3205 AS events in each combination, with intron retention being the most common type followed by alternate 3’ splice site, alternative 5’ splice site, skipped exon, and mutually exclusive exon.There were 263–409 differential AS genes (DASGs) between the female parent and the hybrid, and 234–425 DASGs between the male parent and the hybrid in cross combinations. The DASGs were significantly enriched in 33 metabolic pathways in 16 cross combinations, and DASGs of different cross combinations were enriched in different metabolic pathways. Moreover, 76 DASGs in the strong heterosis combinations were identified and significantly enriched in the metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism. Further analysis revealed that most of these DASGs in amino acid metabolism were expressed differently in strong heterosis combinations. In addition, the expression levels of BraA06g014310.3C and BraA03g041700.3C in amino acid metabolism significantly correlated with PGW. These results could provide an index for future studies of the genetic and molecular mechanism of heterosis in hybrids.
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Patwary, MM Alam, M. Mizanur Rahman, Shahabuddin Ahmad, MA Khaleque Miah, and Haimonti Barua. "Study of heterosis in heat tolerant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during summer." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 3 (November 11, 2013): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16980.
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An experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Field of Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Cente, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during May to October 2008 to study heterosis using eight parents viz., P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, and P8. Most of the combinations showed better parent heterosis for earliness. Eight crosses showed positive heterosis for flower production. The highest heterotic effect for fruit set (%) was found in the cross P6 × P7 (62.59%) followed by that in P7 × P8 (60.49%) and P1 × P7 (40.00%). For fruits per plant, 8 crosses provided more than 15 % heterosis over better parent. Considering fruit yield per plant, higher degree of heterosis was manifested by 24 hybrids over better parent ranging from 13.58 to 282.63 %. Cross combination P4 x P7 showed the maximum significant positive heterosis followed by P6 x P7 (187.84 %), P4 x P8 (166.97 %), P3 x P7 (146.08 %), P3 xP6 (103.92 %), and P1 X P7 (100.45 %) and the minimum in P4 x P6 (13.58 %). For viable pollens, P3 x P5 (20.56 %) exhibited the highest positive heterosis. In case of shelf life, the highest heterosis was observed by the cross P3 x P6 (22.78 %) followed by that in P4 x P6 (22.29 %) and P2 x P6 (14.40 %). For fruit flesh thickness, 12 hybrids exhibited more than 10 % heterosis. Pollen tubes as well as viable pollens showed positive correlation with fruit set. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16980 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 531-544, September 2013
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Ushakumari, R., R. Muthukamatchi, and G. Thamodharan. "Heterosis analysis in relation to drought tolerance in rice land races and their genotypes." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.540.
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An experiment was conducted in rice to study the heterosis for drought tolerance and grain yield in 24 hybrids developed from six landraces viz., Kallurundaikar, Kuliadichan, Kuruvaikalangiam, Mattaikar, Nootripathu and Vellaichithiraikar used as lines and four high yielding varieties viz., PMK 3, MDU 5, ASD 16 and ADT 36 used as testers for physio-morphological traits by Line x tester analysis. The experimental results revealed that the hybrids viz., Nootripathu / MDU 5, which had significant standard heterosis for eight characters namely days to 50% flowering, plant height, productive tillers, root length, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, harvest index and grain yield per plant, Nootripathu / PMK 3 exhibited significant standard heterosis for seven characters namely plant height, root length, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, 100 grain weight, harvest index, and grain yield per plant were found to be superior hybrids over the standard check variety PMK 3. High proline content which is an index for drought tolerance was recorded in hybrid Kuruvaikalangiam / ADT 36 (11.94%) exhibited significant standard heterosis which is found to be drought tolerant among the hybrids.
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Sharma, Vijay, and Kamaluddin. "Heterosis for yield and physio-biochemical traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different environmental conditions." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49618.
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The heterosis study for grain yield and yield attributes was carried out in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through half diallel mating design in four environments. The pooled analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the environments for all the characters, indicating that environments had significant effect on the expression of different characters. The variance due to parents and F1 was also significant for all the characters, indicating significant difference between parents and hybrids and average heterosis was there. The magnitude of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis altered for all the crosses and for all the characters. For the traits viz., total protein content, chlorophyll content, proline content, chlorophyll stability index and grain yield per plant quite a large number of crosses manifested positive significant heterosis over the checks. The hybrids HI 1544 × HD 2987, Raj 4037 × HD 2987, PBW 175 × HD 2987, HD 2932 × Raj 4079 and PBW 175 × Lok 1 exhibited the highest, significant and positive heterotic effect and mean performance for grain yield per plant and some of its important component traits. This could be exploited commercially for heterosis breeding in wheat.
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Pandey, R. M. "Nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heterosis and inbreeding depression in Amaranthus." Genetika 39, no. 2 (2007): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0702251p.
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Combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression were estimated in grain amaranths for ten characters. Non-additive genetic variance was predominant for majority of characters in both F1 and F2 generations. The parent AG-21 was good general combiner for yield/plant also showed high GCA effects for panicles/plant and harvest index in both F1 and F2 generations. Seven characters, the best F2s on the basis of SCA involves one parent with high GCA effect and the other with poor or average GCA effects. The hybrids which exhibited highest heterosis also showed high inbreeding depression. Heterosis over better parent was highest for economic grain yield (145.047%), followed by panicles/plant (113.675%), panicle length (33.656%) and grain weight/panicle (23.566%).
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Zheng, Yucheng, Pengjie Wang, Xuejin Chen, Yun Sun, Chuan Yue, and Naixing Ye. "Transcriptome and Metabolite Profiling Reveal Novel Insights into Volatile Heterosis in the Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis)." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 17, 2019): 3380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183380.
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Tea aroma is a key indicator for evaluating tea quality. Although notable success in tea aroma improvement has been achieved with heterosis breeding technology, the molecular basis underlying heterosis remains largely unexplored. Thus, the present report studies the tea plant volatile heterosis using a high-throughput next-generation RNA-seq strategy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Phenotypically, we found higher terpenoid volatile and green leaf volatile contents by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the F1 hybrids than in their parental lines. Volatile heterosis was obvious in both F1 hybrids. At the molecular level, the comparative transcriptomics analysis revealed that approximately 41% (9027 of 21,995) of the genes showed non-additive expression, whereas only 7.83% (1723 of 21,995) showed additive expression. Among the non-additive genes, 42.1% showed high parental dominance and 17.6% showed over-dominance. Among different expression genes with high parental dominance and over-dominance expression patterns, KEGG and GO analyses found that plant hormone signal transduction, tea plant physiological process related pathways and most pathways associated with tea tree volatiles were enriched. In addition, we identified multiple genes (CsDXS, CsAATC2, CsSPLA2, etc.) and transcription factors (CsMYB1, CsbHLH79, CsWRKY40, etc.) that played important roles in tea volatile heterosis. Based on transcriptome and metabolite profiling, we conclude that non-additive action plays a major role in tea volatile heterosis. Genes and transcription factors involved in tea volatiles showing over-dominance expression patterns can be considered candidate genes and provide novel clues for breeding high-volatile tea varieties.
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Dimitriev, V. L., L. G. Shashkarov, L. V. Yeliseeva, I. P. Yeliseev, M. I. Yakovleva, and A. V. Chernov. "Features of the heterosis manifestation in monoecious hybrids of cannabis-free hemp and their resistance to adverse environmental conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 981, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 022013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/981/2/022013.
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Abstract The article deals with the manifestation of heterosis by economically valuable traits in monoecious hybrids of hashishfree monoecious hemp. Heterosis is one of the reserves for increasing yields and improving the quality of hemp products. In terms of seed harvest, the vast majority of combinations exceed parental varieties. The highest outbreak of heterosis was obtained by crossing varieties Glukhovskaya-10 and YSO-1. In relation to the most productive parent, the degree of heterosis reaches 38.5%. An increase in seed harvest is a derivative of the heterosis of several components: the weight of the plant, the length of the inflorescence, the weight of seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 seeds and the number of seeds per plant. Of these, the most important are the weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds. According to the harvest of straw and fiber, the manifestation of heterosis is limited. Most hybrids have indicators equal to those of the best parental varieties. However, these hybrids significantly exceed the best monoecious variety YSO-1 recommended for cultivation, which is of practical interest. Hybrid plants are more resistant to adverse conditions than the parent varieties. Homeostasis of hybrids depends on the degree of heterozygosity of the organism, as well as the nature of the interaction of alleles of heterozygous loci. The results of our research show that it is possible to consciously control the process of obtaining highly productive hybrid seeds, spending a small amount of labor and funds for its implementation.
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Dickert, T. E., and W. F. Tracy. "Heterosis for Flowering Time and Agronomic Traits among Early Open-pollinated Sweet Corn Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 5 (September 2002): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.5.793.
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Heterosis in corn (Zea mays L.) usually results in earlier flowering, larger plants, and increased yield. In extremely early sweet corn the effect of heterosis on flowering time may be reduced or eliminated due to developmental and physiological requirements for vegetative growth before the transition to reproductive phase. The objective of this study was to determine the level of heterosis and the combining ability for flowering time and other agronomic traits in a diallel cross of six very early open-pollinated sweet corn cultivars. The diallel was grown in 1995 and 1996. Hybrids and parents averaged over hybrids differed for silk date, plant height, ear height, 10-ear weight, ear length, and 100-kernel weight but did not differ for row number and ear width. Heterosis for silk date was significant, but the difference between parents and hybrids was very small, 0.5 day. No hybrids were earlier than the earliest parent, and average midparent heterosis was -0.8%. In contrast midparent heterosis was significant and relatively high for 100-kernel weight (10.0%), ear length (12.9%), ear height (8.6%), plant height (9.0%), and 10-ear weight (28.2%). The traits with low heterosis had very high general combining ability/specific combining ability ratios while these ratios were much smaller in traits with high heterosis. Heterosis for many of the traits, including 10-ear weight, was higher than published values. Conversely, heterosis for flowering time was small, compared to other traits in this study and to published values for silk date, indicating that this extremely early germplasm may be at or near the limit for flowering time under the photoperiod and temperatures typical of summer in Madison, Wis. (43.05°N, 89.31°W).
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Rashid, M. H., A. K. M. Aminul Islam, M. G. Rasul, M. M. H. Saikat, and J. U. Ahmed. "Estimation of Magnitude of Heterosis and Heritability in Sunflower in 8X8 Half Diallel Population." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i1.18026.
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Selected eight inbreed line were used in crossing as half diallel fashion to find out different genetic parameter as well as targeting superior combination for hybrid vigour. Sunflower first introduce in Bangladesh 1980 by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute and Mennonite Central Committee. BARI Sunflower-1(Kironi) and BARI Sunflower-2 is only two released variety. But major obstacles for sunflower cultivation are both varieties are more than 1.50m height and require > 100 days for maturity. As this country is facing climate change unfavorable weather, sunflower cannot withstand in stormy weather. Specially at the time of prematurity stormy weather causes lodging due to over height, it is essential to develop dwarf stature plant. Due to strong crop competition in winter it cannot fit in major cropping pattern T-Aman-Mustard-Boro due to it long duration. Bangladesh has accessible land of 0.85 million hectares in saline areas (Banik et al., 2011). These lands can be used for sunflower cultivation as it is moderately saline tolerant (Rahman et. al. 2018). On the other hand in different part of Bangladesh (e.g. Cumilla, Manikgonj, Sherpur, Jamalpur, Netrokina, Tangail, Dinajpur, etc.), a huge amount of lands are kept fellow after T. Aman harvest. These current fellow lands can be easily used by sunflower cultivation if short duration varieties are available. Both plant height and days to maturity were considered as favorable for negative heterosis to obtain dwarf plant stature and short duration plant to fit in existing cropping pattern in Bangladesh. Positive heterosis is considered desirable for other yield contributing traits. The hybrid HE15, HE17 and HE16 showed significant negative heterosis both for mid parent and better parent. Negative heterosis for plant height is desirable to adopt hybrid in unfavorable weather condition. The Hybrid HE15 showed both for significant negative mid parent and better parent heterosis. High heritability along with significant mid parent and better parent heterosis indicate scope of utilization of hybrid as commercial and further use in breeding programmes. Several outstanding cross combinations, HE17, HE16, HE14, HE15, and HE18 showed significant and desirable heterosis for seed yield per plant over mid parent and better parent. The hybrid combinations HE17, HE16 and HE14 could be utilized to exploit the heterosis as well as commercial multiplication of seed to get direct benefit by the farmers.
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Vazquez, J. F., and E. Sanchez-Monge. "Correlations, epistasis, and heterosis of plant height and internode length in barley." Genome 29, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-091.
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The correlation between total height and its components, and between these and yield components, and the presence of nonallelic interactions and heterosis were studied in barley by means of a 6 × 6 diallel cross. The estimation of interaction and heterosis parameters were made in P1, P2, F1, F2, B1, and B2 generations according to the Jinks and Jones model. Total height had a positive correlation with each internode length. The values of such correlations seemed to indicate that peduncle length could be a good index of total height. The plants with short basal internodes had less total height and longer intermediate internodes. The positive correlation of total height with yield and its components suggests that the selection for short culm and short basal internodes would be to the detriment of yield. The predominant interaction was of the duplicate type, the total height being the character with greater epistasis. In the crosses with heterosis, this was always positive. 'Albacete' × M-168 and A.1.-2 × M-168 were the crosses where the selection for short culm and lodging resistance would be most effective. Key words: diallel cross, correlations, epistasis, heterosis, barley.
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Valdes Restrepo, Magda Piedad, Sanin Ortiz Grisales, and Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera. "Heterosis for ether extract production and its components in seed of Cucurbita argyrosperma." Agronomía Colombiana 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v35n3.64253.
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Twenty-one genotypes (six parental lines and 15 direct crosses) of butternut squash (Curcurbita argyrosperma subsp. sororia) were evaluated at the Experimental Center of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Candelaria (Valle del Cauca, Colombia) during the second semesters of 2012 (2012B) and the first semester of 2013 (2013A). Heterotic effects (average, variety, and specific) were determined for ether extract production per plant (EEPP) and the following components: percentage ether extract (EE) in seed, seed weight per fruit (SWF), 100-seed weight (100- SW), and number of fruits per plant (NFP). The methodology of Gardner and Eberhart (1966) was used in a randomized complete block experiment design with four replicates (five plants per replicate). Variety heterosis accounted for 48% of the variation of total heterosis for EEPP. Variety heterosis was better expressed in 2013 first semester, with significant differences for EEPP, SWF, and 100-SW; average heterosis was significant for EEPP and EE. In 2012 second semester, heterosis was significant for SWF, indicating genetic divergence between hybrids and parents. Introductions 256 and 132 expressed the greatest effects of variety heterosis for EEPP and superior segregants should be selected from these two parental lines. No significant differences were observed on specific heterosis; however, the best hybrid in terms of EEPP at 2013 first semester came from crosses 256×132 and 140×260.
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Li, Xin, Xianran Li, Eyal Fridman, Tesfaye T. Tesso, and Jianming Yu. "Dissecting repulsion linkage in the dwarfing gene Dw3 region for sorghum plant height provides insights into heterosis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 38 (September 8, 2015): 11823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509229112.
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Heterosis is a main contributor to yield increase in many crop species. Different mechanisms have been proposed for heterosis: dominance, overdominance, epistasis, epigenetics, and protein metabolite changes. However, only limited examples of molecular dissection and validation of these mechanisms are available. Here, we present an example of discovery and validation of heterosis generated by a combination of repulsion linkage and dominance. Using a recombinant inbred line population, a separate quantitative trait locus (QTL) for plant height (qHT7.1) was identified near the genomic region harboring the known auxin transporter Dw3 gene. With two loci having repulsion linkage between two inbreds, heterosis in the hybrid can appear as a single locus with an overdominance mode of inheritance (i.e., pseudo-overdominance). Individually, alleles conferring taller plant height exhibited complete dominance over alleles conferring shorter height. Detailed analyses of different height components demonstrated that qHT7.1 affects both the upper and lower parts of the plant, whereas Dw3 affects only the part below the flag leaf. Computer simulations show that repulsion linkage could influence QTL detection and estimation of effect in segregating populations. Guided by findings in linkage mapping, a genome-wide association study of plant height with a sorghum diversity panel pinpointed genomic regions underlying the trait variation, including Dw1, Dw2, Dw3, Dw4, and qHT7.1. Multilocus mixed model analysis confirmed the advantage of complex trait dissection using an integrated approach. Besides identifying a specific genetic example of heterosis, our research indicated that integrated molecular dissection of complex traits in different population types can enable plant breeders to fine tune the breeding process for crop production.
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Fortuny, Agustina P., Rodrigo A. Bueno, Javier H. Pereira da Costa, María Inés Zanor, and Gustavo R. Rodríguez. "Tomato fruit quality traits and metabolite content are affected by reciprocal crosses and heterosis." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 15 (May 20, 2021): 5407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab222.
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Abstract Heterosis occurs when the F1s outperform their parental lines for a trait. Reciprocal hybrids are obtained by changing the cross direction of parental genotypes. Both biological phenomena could affect the external and internal attributes of fleshy fruits. This work aimed to detect reciprocal effects and heterosis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit quality traits and metabolite content. Twelve agronomic traits and 28 metabolites identified and estimated by 1H-NMR were evaluated in five cultivars grown in two environments. Given that the genotype component was more important than the phenotype, the traits were evaluated following a full diallel mating design among those cultivars, in a greenhouse. Hybrids showed a higher phenotypic diversity than parental lines. Interestingly, the metabolites, mainly amino acids, displayed more reciprocal effects and heterosis. Agronomic traits were more influenced by general combining ability (GCA) and metabolites by specific combining ability (SCA). Furthermore, the genetic distance between parental lines was not causally related to the occurrence of reciprocal effects or heterosis. Hybrids with heterosis and a high content of metabolites linked to tomato flavour and nutritious components were obtained. Our results highlight the impact of selecting a cultivar as male or female in a cross to enhance the variability of fruit attributes through hybrids as well as the possibility to exploit heterosis for fruit composition.
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Bate, Nicholas J., Stewart B. Rood, and Terence J. Blake. "Gibberellins and heterosis in poplar." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-165.
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To investigate the possible involvement of gibberellins (GAs) in heterosis of hybrid poplar, six poplar clones were studied, including two Populus deltoides clones and two interspecific hybrid clones (P. ×euramericana = P. deltoides × P. nigra) originating from crosses with each of the P. deltoides clones. In field conditions in Ontario, Canada, the interspecific hybrids were consistently taller and had greater shoot dry weights than their parental P. deltoides clones. Shoot dry weights and heights were highly correlated across the six clones, as clonal rankings for these parameters were identical. Endogenous GA-like substances were extracted, purified, chromatographed on silica gel partition columns, and quantified by the cv. Tan-ginbozu dwarf rice bioassay. Bioactive peaks were further chromatographed on reversed-phase C18 HPLC and again bio-assayed. Statistically significant differences in concentrations of total GA-like substances were observed. With one exception, the rankings for the concentrations of GA-like substances and those of GA1-like plus GA19-like substances were similar to the rankings for height growth. Gibberellins A1 and A19 have been identified from the tissue of hybrid poplar by capillary gas chromatography – selected ion monitoring (GC–SIM), and GA1 was also identified by GC–SIM in this tissue. In three of four comparisons, interspecific hybrids contained significantly higher concentrations of GA-like activity than their corresponding parental clones. Thus, a correlation was observed between the concentration of endogenous GA-like activity and hybrid vigor for height growth and shoot dry weight in poplar.
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Gvodzenovic, Sandra, Dejana Pankovic-Saftic, Sinisa Jocic, and Velimir Radic. "Correlation between heterosis and genetic distance based on SSR markers in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 54, no. 1 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0901001g.
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The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between SSR based genetic distance (GD) of new NS sunflower inbred lines and heterosis for six agronomic traits. Twenty three sunflower inbred lines (20 restorer lines and three female lines used as testers) and their hybrids were examined for plant height, head diameter, thousand seed mass, oil content, seed yield per plant and oil yield per plant. Significant heterosis was observed in hybrid combinations for all examined traits except oil content. Genetic distance between pairs of tested sunflower inbred lines ranged from 0.13 to 0.8. There was no significant positive correlation between genetic distance and mid- and better-parent heterosis, specific combining ability and mean value in any of the examined traits for all 60 hybrids. A highly significant negative correlation was found between GD and mean oil percentage (r=-0.33 p<0.01). Although GD was generally a poor predictor of heterosis, better results are obtained if hybrid combinations for each tester and each trait are analyzed separately.
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Lal, Chhagan, A. S. Shekhawat, Jogendra Singh, S. S. Rajput, Sheetal Raj Sharma, and Pawan Kumar. "Heterosis studies in 6-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare) under different sowing condition." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 7 (October 6, 2020): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i7.105600.
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A set of diallel crosses involving 10 diverse parents (excluding reciprocals) of barlay (Hordeum vulgare L.) was made and its F2’s were evaluated under three different date of sowings during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17 at RARI, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Heterosis for grain yield per plant ranged from -20.75 to 41.86 %; -21.95 to 39.65 %and -48.13 to 64.34 % under early (E1), normal (E2) and late (E3) sowing conditions, respectively. Out of 45 crosses, nine crosses in E1 and fifteen crosses in each E2 and E3 exhibited positive significant heterosis while, seven crosses in E1 and E3 and nine crosses in E2 exhibited positive significant heterobeltiosis. Negative significant inbreeding depression for grain yield per plant was reported. Overall, crosses BHS 400 × PL 426, PL 426 × RD 2552 and BH 959 × RD 2552 exhibited positive significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis. Hence, these crosses considered to be most desirable for grain yield per plant. The study revealed good scope for commercial exploitation of heterosis as well as isolation of pure lines among the progenies of heterotic F1 for improvement of yield.
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Li, Rongfa, Julin Gao, Yuanyuan Li, Shaobo Yu, and Zhigang Wang. "Heterosis for Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Maize Hybrids Enhanced over Decades in China." Agriculture 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060764.
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The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of modern maize hybrids has been greatly improved, but for decades, little was known on whether the NUE heterosis of maize hybrids had increased. A two-year field study was conducted on eight maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines from the 1970s to 2000s under two N levels (0, 150 kg N ha−1). These were the most popular hybrids in China’s main maize-growing areas at the time. The results showed that the yield of the maize hybrids increased significantly at an average rate of 37.5% every 10 years. The evolution of NUE heterosis was mainly related to the increased kernel number per ear. The absolute NUE heterosis (AHNUE) and the mid-parent NUE heterosis (MPHNUE) of maize hybrids increased by 151.4% and 76.4% in the past four decades, or an average rate of 2.11 kg kg−1 and 19.1% every 10 years. Based on the coefficient of determination, the contribution of the mid-parent nitrogen internal efficiency heterosis (MPHNIE) to MPHNUE (43–57%) was significantly higher than that of the mid-parent nitrogen recovery efficiency heterosis (MPHNRE) (19–32%), indicating that the evolution of maize NUE heterosis was mainly derived from its NIE heterosis evolution. The increase of NIE heterosis in the past 40 years was closely related to the increased heterosis of kernel number per ear, the pre-silking N accumulation and the post-silking N remobilization. Therefore, the enhancement of maize NUE heterosis can be attributed to (i) heterosis improvement in post-silking N remobilization, which results mainly from greater heterosis in pre-silking N accumulation; (ii) heterosis improvement in carbon and nitrogen sink capacity, which exhibit as heterosis enhancement in grain yield and grain nitrogen concentration. To further improve yield and NUE, the pre-silking N and carbon accumulation and post-silking N remobilization should both continue to increase in maize breeding. Our results will provide new insights into NUE and help breeders select genotypes with both higher yields and higher NUE for the future.
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Kraptchev, Boris, Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova, and Lydia Shtereva. "Heterosis and antioxidant compounds of sweet corn breeding lines and their F1 hybrid." Genetika 46, no. 3 (2014): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1403807k.
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In this research, the mid-parent heterosis and the levels of phenolic, flavonoids compounds and antioxidants activity among two selected sweet corn parental lines and their F1 hybrid Zaharina were evaluated. Substantial positive mid-parent heterosis (MPH) was found for parent-hybrid triplet for ear weight and for plant height. Among all other traits, insertion height had the greatest heterosis and ear diameter had the lowest. Negative mid-parent heterosis exhibited only the trait 1000-kernel weight. Data analysis indicated significant differences in the contents of total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, water-soluble antioxidant capacity, lipid-soluble antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant activity among parent-hybrid triplet. The results suggest that F1 hybrid Zaharina can be considered as good source of natural antioxidants since it extracts were found to possess high antioxidant activity.
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Bouchetat, Fawzia, and Mebrouk Benmoussa. "Evaluation of combining abilities and heterosis effect for a better selection of hybrid barley." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 13, no. 2 (March 23, 2022): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v13i2.2884.
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Heterosis effect and the combining ability are two main indices of hybrids performance. Predicting hybrid performance and heterosis effect is an important approach in the breeding of hybrid barley. In order to i) combine the local and introduced genetic material; ii) study the combining abilities of parents and hybrids; and iii) analyze the relationships between the heterosis effect, the combining ability and the performance of hybrids, the present research has been initiated. In this study, five cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were crossed according to a full diallel plan comprising P² combinations. The twenty hybrids F2 were assessed by the general combining ability analysis (GCA); by the specific combining ability (SCA) as well as by the calculation of the heterosis effect of six agronomic characters, namely, the weight of the spike (WE), the number of grains per spike (NGE), the weight of a thousand grains (WTG), plant earliness at flowering (PRF), plant harvest index (IR) and plant productivity (P P). The results indicate that GCA for all parameters was significant except for the WE trait while SCA was significant for three of the six traits studied: WTG, IR and PRO. The GCA/SCA ratio revealed that non-additive effects were the main effect on traits assessed in the hybrids F2. Heterosis was significantly correlated with SCA for all traits tested, indicating that non-additive effects were the main effect of heterosis. Hybrids from two parents with a high GCA have consistently shown better SCA and better hybrid performance. Indeed, the selection of parents should be mainly based on their GCA.
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Zhu, Anyu, Aihua Wang, You Zhang, Elizabeth S. Dennis, W. James Peacock, and and Ian K. Greaves. "Early Establishment of Photosynthesis and Auxin Biosynthesis Plays a Key Role in Early Biomass Heterosis in Brassica napus (Canola) Hybrids." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 6 (April 26, 2020): 1134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa038.
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Abstract Heterosis or hybrid vigor has been used widely for more than a decade in Canola (Brassica napus) production. Canola hybrids show heterosis in a variety of traits compared to parents, including increased biomass at the early stages of seedling establishment, which is a critical developmental step that impacts future plant growth and seed yield. In this study, we examined transcriptomes of two parental lines, Garnet (Gar) and NX0052 (0052), and their reciprocal hybrids, Gar/0052, at 4 and 8 days after sowing (DAS). In hybrids, early seedling biomass heterosis is correlated with earlier expression of genes in photosynthesis pathways relative to parents. The hybrids also showed early expression of genes in the auxin biosynthesis pathway, consistent with the higher auxin concentrations detected in hybrid seedlings at 4 DAS. Auxin is a key phytohormone that regulates plant development promoting cell expansion and cell proliferation. Consistent with the increased levels of auxin, hybrids have larger and more palisade cells than the parents at the same time point. We propose a possible mechanism of early biomass heterosis through the early establishment of photosynthesis and auxin biosynthesis, providing insights into how transcriptional changes in hybrids are translated into phenotypical heterosis. This finding could be utilized in future Canola breeding to identify hybrid combinations with the superior early seedling establishment and strong levels of hybrid vigor in later plant development.
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Liu, Pei-Chuan, W. James Peacock, Li Wang, Robert Furbank, Anthony Larkum, and Elizabeth S. Dennis. "Leaf growth in early development is key to biomass heterosis in Arabidopsis." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 8 (January 21, 2020): 2439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa006.
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Abstract Arabidopsis thaliana hybrids have similar properties to hybrid crops, with greater biomass relative to the parents. We asked whether the greater biomass was due to increased photosynthetic efficiency per unit leaf area or to overall increased leaf area and increased total photosynthate per plant. We found that photosynthetic parameters (electron transport rate, CO2 assimilation rate, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast number) were unchanged on a leaf unit area and unit fresh weight basis between parents and hybrids, indicating that heterosis is not a result of increased photosynthetic efficiency. To investigate the possibility of increased leaf area producing more photosynthate per plant, we studied C24×Landsberg erecta (Ler) hybrids in detail. These hybrids have earlier germination and leaf growth than the parents, leading to a larger leaf area at any point in development of the plant. The developing leaves of the hybrids are significantly larger than those of the parents, with consequent greater production of photosynthate and an increased contribution to heterosis. The set of leaves contributing to heterosis changes as the plant develops; the four most recently emerged leaves make the greatest contribution. As a leaf matures, its contribution to heterosis attenuates. While photosynthesis per unit leaf area is unchanged at any stage of development in the hybrid, leaf area is greater and the amount of photosynthate per plant is increased.
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KUMAR, RAVINDER. "Identification of potential hybrids for heterosis breeding in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH 24, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10170.
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The extent of heterosis for eleven traits, including seed yield per plant, was investigated in sesame. During summer 2019, 21 F1 crosses from 7 parents (GT 03, SKT 1501, AT 413, AT 383, AT 338, AT 307 and AT 345) were developed by using a diallel mating (7 x 7) design that excluded reciprocals. In Kharif 2019, twenty-nine entries (genotypes) which including a check (GT-04), seven parents, and their 21 F1 hybrids were evaluated in randomized block design (RBD) with three replication at the 'Agronomy Instructional Farm, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat'. The highly significant and positive standard heterosis with high per se performance for seed yield per plant and some of its component traits were recorded in the crosses viz GT 03 x SKT 1501, GT 03 x AT 307, GT 03 x AT 345, SKT 1501 x AT 307, AT 413 x AT 307, and AT 307 x AT 345. Five hybrids showed highly significant positive heterobeltiosis for seed yield per plant, while six hybrids showed highly significant positive standard heterosis for seed yield per plant. In Sesame, the current research shows that there is a lot of potential for isolating pure lines from heterotic F1s progenies as well as commercialising heterosis.
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Sahagún-Castellanos, Jaime, César Sánchez-Hernández, Juan Martínez-Solís, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Hernández, Jorge Alfredo Ortíz-Quintero, Salomón López-Serrano, Juan Porfirio Legaria-Solano, and Clemente Villanueva-Verduzco. "HETEROSIS IN HYBRIDS OF SQUASH TYPE GREY ZUCCHINI." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura XIX, no. 1 (2013): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2011.02.009.
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Mehta, Nandan, BS Asati, and SR Mamidwar. "Heterosis and gene action in okra." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 32, no. 3 (January 8, 2008): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.544.
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Forty two hybrids generated by crossing three testers with fourteen lines were studied along with parents for studying heterosis and gene action for days to first flowering, days to 50 percent flowering, fruit weight, fruit length, plant height, number of seeds per fruit, 100-seed weight and fruit yield per plant during rainy season and summer season of 2002-03 at Department of Horticulture, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The most heterotic combinations were VRO-6 x Parbhani Kranti, VRO-4 x Parbhani Kranti, Daftari-1 x Arka Abhaya and Kaveri Selection x Ankur Abhaya for fruit yield per ptant. The sca variances for days to fruit flower, days to 50 percent flowering, fruit weight, fruit length, plant height, number of seeds per fruit and 100-seed weight were higher than so gca variance so there is a preponderance of non-additive gene action. The gca variances was greater than sca variances for fruit yield per plant indicating preponderance of additive gene action for this trait. Overall, the results discussed above are quite indicative of the fact that hybrid okra has great potentialities of maximizing fruit yield in Chhattisgarh plains.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v32i3.544Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 32(3) : 421-432, September 2007
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Chauhan, B. B., R. A. Gami, K. P. Prajapati, J. R. Patel, and R. N. Patel. "Study of Per Se Performance and Heterosis for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.)." Current Agriculture Research Journal 7, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.7.3.16.
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The phenomenon of heterosis has provided the most important genetic tools in improving yield of crop plants. Identification of specific parental combination capable of producing the highest level of heterotic effects in F1 has immense value for commercial exploitation of heterosis. The experimental material consisted of eight parents (including check G.TIL 4) and their 28 half-diallel crosses. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences due to genotypes for all the traits. On the basis of mean values, the parents G.TIL 10, G.TIL 4 and SKT 1607 recorded maximum seed yield per plant. G.TIL 10 was top ranking for number of effective branches per plant. This parental genotype also expressed good performance for various yield components, viz., number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%) and oil content (%).The parent SKT 1608 found better for earliness, dwarfness and 1000 seed weight (g). While in case of hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2, SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 and SKT 1607 × G.TIL 2 were the best for seed yield per plant. Among the 28 F1 hybrids, SKT 1608 × SKT 12-2 and SKT 1608 × G.TIL 2 manifested significant positive heterosis for seed yield per plant over better parent and standard check (G.TIL 4) These two crosses also exhibited either of the significant positive heterosis for various component traits viz., plant height (cm), capsule length (cm), number of seed per capsule, harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight (g), oil content (%) and leaf area per plant (cm2).
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Sousa, João Alencar de, and Wilson Roberto Maluf. "Diallel analyses and estimation of genetic parameters of hot pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 1 (February 2003): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000100016.
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The degree of heterosis in the genus Capsicum spp. is considered high; however, most of the studies refer to the species Capsicum annuum L. In spite of the potential use of F1 hybrids in pungent peppers of the species Capsicum chinense, few studies are available which assess the magnitude of heterosis in this species . This study was carried out to assess heterosis and its components in F1 hybrids from a diallel cross between hot pepper lines (Capsicum chinense) and to obtain data on the allelic interaction between the parents involved in the crosses. Trials were made in Rio Branco-Acre, Brazil, from March through October 1997. A randomized complete block design with fifteen treatments and three replications was used. The treatments were five C. chinense accessions (from the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa - BGH/UFV) and 10 F1 hybrids derived from single crosses between them (reciprocals excluded). Diallel analyses were performed for total yield, fruit length/diameter ratio, fruit dry matter per plant, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria incidence, capsaicin yield per plant and number of seeds per fruit. Non-additive genetic effects were larger than additive effects for all the traits assessed. Epistasis was detected for fruit dry matter per plant, capsaicin yield per plant and number of seeds per fruit. In these cases, epistasis seemed to be largely responsible for heterosis expression. Dominant gene action, ranging from incomplete dominance to probable overdominance, was responsible for heterosis in those traits where no epistatic genetic action was detected.
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Pickup, M., D. L. Field, D. M. Rowell, and A. G. Young. "Source population characteristics affect heterosis following genetic rescue of fragmented plant populations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1750 (January 7, 2013): 20122058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2058.
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Understanding the relative importance of heterosis and outbreeding depression over multiple generations is a key question in evolutionary biology and is essential for identifying appropriate genetic sources for population and ecosystem restoration. Here we use 2455 experimental crosses between 12 population pairs of the rare perennial plant Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides (Asteraceae) to investigate the multi-generational (F 1 , F 2 , F 3 ) fitness outcomes of inter-population hybridization. We detected no evidence of outbreeding depression, with inter-population hybrids and backcrosses showing either similar fitness or significant heterosis for fitness components across the three generations. Variation in heterosis among population pairs was best explained by characteristics of the foreign source or home population, and was greatest when the source population was large, with high genetic diversity and low inbreeding, and the home population was small and inbred. Our results indicate that the primary consideration for maximizing progeny fitness following population augmentation or restoration is the use of seed from large, genetically diverse populations.
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GUTIERREZ, J. ARIEL, and SHREE P. SINGH. "HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN DRY BUSH BEANS, Phaseolus vulgaris L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-036.
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Heterosis and inbreeding depression in 13 crosses involving 10 dry bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., lines and varieties are reported for days to maturity, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, seeds per pod, and bean yield. Six crosses showed positive heterosis (27.8–47.3%) over the mid-parent value for bean yield. Parents in each of these heterotic crosses differed for growth habit, seed size and geographical origin. But none of the F1 hybrids yielded significantly better than the highest yielding parental line. None of the crosses showed heterosis for pods per plant. All significant heterotic values for seeds per pod were negative. For 100-seed weight three crosses, both parents of which had small seeds, showed positive heterosis but one cross which had a significant negative value had one parent with small seeds and the one with large seeds. One heterotic cross each for bean yield and 100-seed weight showed subsequent inbreeding depression. But five crosses for bean yield, and one cross for 100-seed weight showing positive heterosis did not exhibit reduction due to inbreeding. Also, some crosses which either had nonsignificant or negative heterotic values for bean yield and yield components showed positive effects of inbreeding, i.e. the F2 outperformed the corresponding F1 hybrids. Possible causes for these phenomena are discussed.Key words: Bean, heterosis, inbreeding depression
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Amato, Lucía Dolores, Eugenia Alejandra Martin, and Fernando Sebastián López-Anido. "Combining Ability and Heterosis for Market Yield in Green Asparagus." Horticulturae 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060489.
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In asparagus, current cultivars are mostly hybrids (known as clonal hybrids) derived from crosses between two parents, female and male, with good combining ability. Despite the fact that clonal hybrids have been obtained for more than 40 years, studies of the heterosis and combining abilities involved are limited. Similarly, there are no published studies regarding the association between genetic divergence and heterosis. In this sense, we evaluated two sets of diallel crosses including 12 accessions from 11 different origins for marketable green asparagus production. Parentals were also included as a way to assess heterosis. The variation for market yield was highly significant for both sets. Best parent heterosis was over 100% in four cases. The best experimental hybrid did not significant differ from the Atticus F1 all-male check. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, with a relative greater contribution of the SCA than the GCA to the variation among crosses. The association between genetic distances and heterosis failed to be significant. The best experimental hybrids were obtained when UC157 and KBF (origins from the USA and the UK) were crossed to Argenteuil, Limburgia and Espárrago de Navarra (origins from France, the Netherlands and Spain).
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Darshini, T. K., and S. Gangaprasad. "Estimation of heterosis for yield and yield components in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.1/383-391.
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Exploitation of heterosis is primarily dependent on the selection of available germplasm that could be produced by better combinations of important agronomic characters. The heterosis was recorded for fruit and its fifteen component characters. The crosses showing significant heterosis over standard check were Varsha Upahar x Kashi Kiranthi for plant height and days to 50% flowering, 307-10-01 x Arka Anamika for number of leaves, Parbhani Kranthi x ZARS for internodal length, Varsha Upahar x ZARS for number of branches per plant, Pusa Makhmali x ZARS for number of nodes on main stem, Phule Utkarshi x Kashi Kiranthi for stem diameter, Punjab Padmini x ZARS for fruit length, Pusa Makhmali x Kashi Kiranthi for fruit diameter,VRU-109x Arka Anamika for number of fruits per plant, Punjab Padmini x ZARS for average fruit weight per plant and for total fruit yield per plant was maximum in the hybrid VRU-109 x Arka Aanamika, followed by Phule Utkarshi x Kashi Kiranthi were these hybrids may be used for exploitation of hybrid vigour on commercial scale.
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Karikor, Md Abdus Sattar, Md Shahriar Kabir, Md Mukhtar Hossain, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Mohamed Ahmed Mohamud, Md Hafizur Rahman, Nahar Shumsun, and Md Aminul Hoque. "ESTIMATION OF COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN WHEAT." International Journal of Advances in Agricultural Science and Technology 9, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47856/ijaast.2022.v09i12.001.
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The study used a half-diallel mating fashion to identify combining ability (GCA and SCA) and heterosis of six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes and their 15 F1 hybrids for morpho-physiological, yield, and yield-contributing traits. The present study was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied characters are heading days, maturity days, chlorophyll content, Plant height, Effective tillers plant-1, Total tillers plant-1, Spikes plant-1, Spike length, Filled spikelets spike-1, Unfilled spikelets spike-1, Grains spike-1, Thousand grain weight, Grain yield plant-1, Biological yield plant-1, and Harvest index Highly significant differences were observed among genotypes (parents and F1 hybrids) for all characters studied. The results also showed that the mean squares due to general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were highly significant for all studied characters except harvest index, indicating the magnitude of both additive and non-additive gene effects in governing these traits. GCA/SCA ratios were greater than one for all characters except filled spikelets spike-1 and harvests index, indicating the dominance of additive gene effects, which play important roles in the inheritance of these characters. While the non-additive effect of the gene predominated in the inheritance of filled spikelets (spike-1) and harvests index, The parent BARI GOM-30 emerged as the best general combiner for total tillers plant-1, filled spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, thousand-grain weight, grain yield plant-1, and harvest index. Bari Gom-28 was the best general combiner for heading days and maturity days, and Sourav was the best for effective tillers plant-1, spikes plant-1, and biological yield plant-1. The cross BARI GOM-30 SOURAV was the best specific combiner for effective tillers plant-1, total tillers plant-1, spikes plant-1, and PRODIP SOURAV for filled spikelets spike-1. Bari GOM-33 Sourav emerged as the best specific combiner for grain yield plant-1 and Prodip Ayt-5 for grain spike-1. Concerning heterotic effects in comparison to the midparent, the F1 hybrid BARI GOM-28 BARI GOM-33 showed maximum significant positive heterosis for chlorophyll content and biological yield plant-1 and BARI GOM-33 SOURAV for effective tillers plant-1, spikes plant-1, and grain yield plant-1. These parents and cross combinations could be used for the breeding program of wheat for potential yield.
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Du, Xiaohua, Mengye Wang, Aneta Słomka, and Huichao Liu. "Karyologic and Heterosis Studies of the Artificial Inter- and Intraspecific Hybrids of Viola ×wittrockiana and Viola cornuta." HortScience 53, no. 9 (September 2018): 1300–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13098-18.
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An artificial crossing was made between four Viola ×wittrockiana (2n = 48) lines and one Viola cornuta inbred (2n = 26) line as well as among V. ×wittrockiana lines to investigate the cytologic characteristics, fertility, and heteroses of hybrids. The sizes of flowers and stomata and the leaf areas of the V. ×wittrockiana plants were larger than those of the V. cornuta plants. The karyologic stability of V. cornuta was greater than that of V. ×wittrockiana, and ≈20% of individuals in the latter deviated from the given 2n = 48. Capsule setting after interspecies hand pollination ranged from 28% to 94%, and F1 seed germination ranged from 16% to 88%, revealing no obvious pre- or postzygotic selection mechanisms. The chromosome numbers in V. ×wittrockiana × V. cornuta F1 seedlings varied (2n = 34–38), with about half the cells exhibiting the intermediate (2n = 36) value. These interspecific hybrids exhibited positive heterosis in flower size (range, 11% to 66%) and negative heterosis in plant height (range, –12% to –57%). Both of these traits are desirable in pansy breeding programs.
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Cuthbert, R. D., G. Crow, and P. B. E. McVetty. "Assessment of seed quality performance and heterosis for seed quality traits in hybrid high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 5 (September 2011): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps10205.
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Cuthbert, R. D., Crow, G. and McVetty, P. B. E. 2011. Assessment of seed quality performance and heterosis for seed quality traits in hybrid high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR). Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 837–846. Hybrids are becoming the dominant cultivar type in Brassica napus L. to utilize the well-documented heterosis for seed yield in canola/rapeseed. While there are numerous reports of heterosis for agronomic traits in B. napus hybrids, there are few reports of heterosis for seed quality traits in this species. The objectives of this study were to determine if high parent or commercial heterosis for any seed quality traits occurs in high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) hybrids. Seed quality performance of 45 F1 B. napus HEAR hybrids, derived from crosses of 12 geographically and genetically distinct (based on known pedigrees) HEAR cultivars/lines, was assessed in the current study using seven HEAR cultivars/lines developed by the University of Manitoba (UM) and five proprietary European (EU) HEAR cultivars/lines. Replicated field trials to assess seed oil, protein, sum of oil and protein, glucosinolate, and erucic acid concentrations were conducted over six environments in Manitoba during 2004 and 2005. High parent heterosis and commercial heterosis for seed oil concentration up to 9% and up to 14%, respectively, was observed with hybrids displaying seed oil concentrations as high as 533 g kg−1. Low parent heterosis for protein and glucosinolate concentrations was also observed. Erucic acid concentration displayed commercial heterosis. Many hybrids displayed near zero percent heterosis for any seed quality traits; however, overall seed quality was maintained or increased even in these hybrids. The results of this study indicate that development of HEAR hybrids can be an effective way to improve seed quality components, especially oil concentration, in this crop.