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1
Liu, Ying, Jie Gao, Zhihui Bai, Shanghua Wu, Xianglong Li, Na Wang, Xiongfeng Du, et al. "Unraveling Mechanisms and Impact of Microbial Recruitment on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) and the Rhizosphere Mediated by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria." Microorganisms 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010161.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are noticeably applied to enhance plant nutrient acquisition and improve plant growth and health. However, limited information is available on the compositional dynamics of rhizobacteria communities with PGPR inoculation. In this study, we investigated the effects of three PGPR strains, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the ecophysiological properties of Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), rhizosphere, and bulk soil; moreover, we assessed rhizobacterial community composition using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Inoculation with S. rhizophila, R. sphaeroides, and B. amyloliquefaciens, significantly increased the plant total N (TN) (p < 0.01) content. R. sphaeroides and B. amyloliquefaciens selectively enhanced the growth of Pseudomonadacea and Flavobacteriaceae, whereas S. rhizophila could recruit diazotrophic rhizobacteria, members of Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria, whose abundance was positively correlated with inoculation, and improved the transformation of organic nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen through the promotion of ammonification. Initial colonization by PGPR in the rhizosphere affected the rhizobacterial community composition throughout the plant life cycle. Network analysis indicated that PGPR had species-dependent effects on niche competition in the rhizosphere. These results provide a better understanding of PGPR-plant-rhizobacteria interactions, which is necessary to develop the application of PGPR.
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Sharma, Vriti, Aakriti Singh, Diksha Sharma, Aashima Sharma, Sarika Phogat, Navjyoti Chakraborty, Sayan Chatterjee, and Ram Singh Purty. "Stress mitigation strategies of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria mechanisms." Plant Science Today 8, sp1 (February 12, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.1543.
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One of the major challenges that the world is facing currently is the inadequate amount of food production with high nutrient content in accordance with the increase in population size. Moreover, availability of cultivable area with fertile soil is reducing day by day owing to ever increasing population. Further, water scarcity and expensive agricultural equipment have led to the use of agrochemicals and untreated water. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield have resulted in deleterious effects on the environment, health and economy, which can be overcome to a great extent by employing biological fertilizers. There are various microbes that grows in the rhizospheric region of plants known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR act by direct and indirect modes to stimulate plant growth and improve stress reduction in plants. PGPRs are used for potential agriculture practices having a wide range of benefits like increase in nutrients content, healthy growth of crops, production of phytohormones, prevention from heavy metal stress conditions and increase in crop yield. This review reports recent studies in crop improvement strategies using PGPR and describes the mechanisms involved. The potential mechanisms of PGPR and its allies pave the way for sustainable development towards agriculture and commercialization of potential bacteria.
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Riddech, Nuntavan, Tiptida Kidtook, Natthawat Sritongon, and Jindarat Ekprasert. "Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Rhizofungus on the Growth of Hairy Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.f. var. citratum Back.)." Philippine Agricultural Scientist 105, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.62550/kf118020.
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In this study, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) were isolated from soil adhered to the roots of herbs. PGPR and PGPF isolates were selected for producing microbial inoculant as a starter culture for bio-fertilizer production. The screening of PGPR and PGPF was performed using the spread plate technique on the selected medium. Total plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) were composed of 72 isolates, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms: 39 isolates, phosphate-solubilizing: 11 isolates, and potassium-solubilizing: 22 isolates. Two bacterial isolates, S-K7-2 and S-P7-1, had the highest plant growth promoting abilities, and a fungus isolate, Di-K7-2, was able to produce the greatest amount of IAA, which was 45.17 μg IAA equivalent/ml. The isolates were tested on hairy basil seed germination. Treatment using microbial cell dissolved in sterile distilled water had the greatest potential for stimulating the growth of seed and presented 145.26% of GI, followed by 82.87% where the treatment was with IAA standard. The study of the effect of PGPR and PGPF on hairy basil growth found that the highest biomass was shown in treatment 3, peat supplemented bacteria (S-K7-2, S-P7-1), which indicated that rhizobacteria immobilized on peat was able to enhance the growth of hairy basil and had better potential for promoting plant development compared with chemical fertilizer treatment.
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Sharma, A., D. Shankhdhar, and Shankhdhar SC. "Enhancing grain iron content of rice by the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 2 (January 15, 2013): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/683/2012-pse.
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Rice is inherently low in micronutrients, especially iron, which leads to severe malnutrition problems in rice-consuming populations. Different plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains (PGPRs) (viz. Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Azospirillum lipoferum from a microbial collection and B 15, B 17, B 19, BN 17 and BN 30 isolated from the rhizospheric soils) were applied to field grown rice plants with an aim to increase the iron content of grains. 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that isolates belong to Enterobacteria species. Different parameters related to the increase in iron content of plants show an enhancement upon treatment of rice plants with PGPRs. Treatments with P. putida, B 17 and B 19 almost doubled the grain iron content. Besides this, the translocation efficiency of the iron from roots to shoots to grains was also enhanced upon treatment with PGPRs. It is therefore concluded that application of PGPR strains is an important strategy to combat the problem of iron deficiency in rice and consecutively in human masses.
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García de Salamone, Ines E., Russell K. Hynes, and Louise M. Nelson. "Cytokinin production by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and selected mutants." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-029.
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One of the proposed mechanisms by which rhizobacteria enhance plant growth is through the production of plant growth regulators. Five plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains produced the cytokinin dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) in pure culture. Cytokinin production by Pseudomonas fluorescens G2018, a rifampicin-resistant mutant (RIF), and two TnphoA-derived mutants (CNT1, CNT2), with reduced capacity to synthesize cytokinins, was further characterized in pure culture using immunoassay and thin layer chromatography. G2018 produced higher amounts of three cytokinins, isopentenyl adenosine (IPA), trans-zeatin ribose (ZR), and DHZR than the three mutants during stationary phase. IPA was the major metabolite produced, but the proportion of ZR and DHZR accumulated by CNT1 and CNT2 increased with time. No differences were observed between strain G2018 and the mutants in the amounts of indole acetic acid synthesized, nor were gibberellins detected in supernatants of any of the strains. Addition of 105 M adenine increased cytokinin production in 96- and 168-h cultures of strain G2018 by approximately 67%. G2018 and the mutants CNT1 and CNT2 may be useful for determination of the role of cytokinin production in plant growth promotion by PGPR.Key words: cytokinins, plant growth regulation, Pseudomonas fluorescens, rhizobacteria, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).
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Khan, Naeem, Shahid Ali, Haleema Tariq, Sadia Latif, Humaira Yasmin, Asif Mehmood, and Muhammad Adnan Shahid. "Water Conservation and Plant Survival Strategies of Rhizobacteria under Drought Stress." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2020): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111683.
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Drylands are stressful environment for plants growth and production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) acts as a rampart against the adverse impacts of drought stress in drylands and enhances plant growth and is helpful in agricultural sustainability. PGPR improves drought tolerance by implicating physio-chemical modifications called rhizobacterial-induced drought endurance and resilience (RIDER). The RIDER response includes; alterations of phytohormonal levels, metabolic adjustments, production of bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS), biofilm formation, and antioxidant resistance, including the accumulation of many suitable organic solutes such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and polyamines. Modulation of moisture status by these PGPRs is one of the primary mechanisms regulating plant growth, but studies on their effect on plant survival are scarce in sandy/desert soil. It was found that inoculated plants showed high tolerance to water-deficient conditions by delaying dehydration and maintaining the plant’s water status at an optimal level. PGPR inoculated plants had a high recovery rate after rewatering interms of similar biomass at flowering compared to non-stressed plants. These rhizobacteria enhance plant tolerance and also elicit induced systemic resistance of plants to water scarcity. PGPR also improves the root growth and root architecture, thereby improving nutrient and water uptake. PGPR promoted accumulation of stress-responsive plant metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols. These metabolites play a substantial role in regulating plant growth and development and strengthen the plant’s defensive system against various biotic and abiotic stresses, in particular drought stress.
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Coy, R. Murphey, David W. Held, and Joseph W. Kloepper. "Rhizobacterial Inoculants Increase Root and Shoot Growth in ‘Tifway’ Hybrid Bermudagrass." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.32.3.149.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are non-pathogenic, beneficial bacteria that colonize seeds and roots of plants and enhance plant growth. Although there has been extensive PGPR research with agronomic crops, there has been little emphasis on development of PGPR for grasses in pastures or as turf. Accordingly, experiments were conducted to evaluate novel bacterial inoculants for growth promotion in ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass. Replicated laboratory and greenhouse experiments evaluated effects of various PGPR mixtures, each with 3 to 5 PGPR strains and applied as weekly root inoculations, in comparison to nontreated plants. Growth promotion was assessed by measuring foliar growth from 3 to 8 wk and root growth at 8 wk after the first treatment. In all experiments, at least one bacterial treatment of bermudagrass resulted in significantly increased top growth and greater root growth (length, surface area, volume, or dry weight). PGPR blends 20 and MC3 caused the greatest growth promotion of roots and shoots. These results suggest that the bacterial strains could be used in strategies to reduce nitrogen or water inputs to turf.
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Kashyap, Abhijeet Shankar, Nazia Manzar, Mahendra Vikram Singh Rajawat, Amit Kumar Kesharwani, Ravinder Pal Singh, S. C. Dubey, Debasis Pattanayak, Shri Dhar, S. K. Lal, and Dinesh Singh. "Screening and Biocontrol Potential of Rhizobacteria Native to Gangetic Plains and Hilly Regions to Induce Systemic Resistance and Promote Plant Growth in Chilli against Bacterial Wilt Disease." Plants 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102125.
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a microbial population found in the rhizosphere of plants that can stimulate plant development and restrict the growth of plant diseases directly or indirectly. In this study, 90 rhizospheric soil samples from five agro climatic zones of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) were collected and rhizobacteria were isolated, screened and characterized at morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. In total, 38% of rhizobacteria exhibited the antagonistic capacity to suppress Ralstonia solanacearum growth and showed PGPR activities such as indole acetic acid production by 67.64% from total screened rhizobacteria isolates, phosphorus solubilization by 79.41%, ammonia by 67.75%, HCN by 58.82% and siderophore by 55.88%. We performed a principal component analysis depicting correlation and significance among plant growth-promoting activities, growth parameters of chilli and rhizobacterial strains. Plant inoculation studies indicated a significant increase in growth parameters and PDS1 strain showed maximum 71.11% biocontrol efficiency against wilt disease. The best five rhizobacterial isolates demonstrating both plant growth-promotion traits and biocontrol potential were characterized and identified as PDS1—Pseudomonas fluorescens (MN368159), BDS1—Bacillus subtilis (MN395039), UK4—Bacillus cereus (MT491099), UK2—Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MT491100) and KA9—Bacillus subtilis (MT491101). These rhizobacteria have the potential natural elicitors to be used as biopesticides and biofertilizers to improve crop health while warding off soil-borne pathogens. The chilli cv. Pusa Jwala treated with Bacillus subtilis KA9 and Pseudomonas fluorescens PDS1 showed enhancement in the defensive enzymes PO, PPO, SOD and PAL activities in chilli leaf and root tissues, which collectively contributed to induced resistance in chilli plants against Ralstonia solanacearum. The induction of these defense enzymes was found higher in leave tissues (PO—4.87-fold, PP0—9.30-fold, SOD—9.49-fold and PAL—1.04-fold, respectively) in comparison to roots tissue at 48 h after pathogen inoculation. The findings support the view that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria boost defense-related enzymes and limit pathogen growth in chilli plants, respectively, hence managing the chilli bacterial wilt.
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Desrut, Antoine, Bouziane Moumen, Florence Thibault, Rozenn Le Hir, Pierre Coutos-Thévenot, and Cécile Vriet. "Beneficial rhizobacteria Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 induce major transcriptional changes in plant sugar transport." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 22 (August 29, 2020): 7301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa396.
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Abstract Plants live in close relationships with complex populations of microorganisms, including rhizobacterial species commonly referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR are able to improve plant productivity, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. Using an in vitro experimental system, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and the well-characterized PGPR strain Pseudomonas simiae WCS417r (PsWCS417r), we carried out a comprehensive set of phenotypic and gene expression analyses. Our results show that PsWCS417r induces major transcriptional changes in sugar transport and in other key biological processes linked to plant growth, development, and defense. Notably, we identified a set of 13 genes of the SWEET and ERD6-like sugar transporter gene families whose expression is up- or down-regulated in response to seedling root inoculation with the PGPR or exposure to their volatile compounds. Using a reverse genetic approach, we demonstrate that SWEET11 and SWEET12 are functionally involved in the interaction and its plant growth-promoting effects, possibly by controlling the amount of sugar transported from the shoot to the root and to the PGPR. Altogether, our study reveals that PGPR-induced beneficial effects on plant growth and development are associated with changes in plant sugar transport.
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Murphy, John F., Geoffrey W. Zehnder, David J. Schuster, Edward J. Sikora, Jane E. Polston, and Joseph W. Kloepper. "Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterial Mediated Protection in Tomato Against Tomato mottle virus." Plant Disease 84, no. 7 (July 2000): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.779.
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Tomato plants treated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), applied as an industrially formulated seed treatment, a spore preparation mixed with potting medium (referred to as powder), or a combined seed-powder treatment, were evaluated under field conditions for induced resistance to Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV). The PGPR strains used, based on their ability to induce resistance in previous experiments, included Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 937a, B. subtilis 937b, and B. pumilus SE34. Experiments were conducted in the fall of 1997 and the spring and fall of 1998 at the University of Florida's Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, Bradenton. All plants were rated for symptoms and analyzed for the presence of ToMoV DNA at 40 days after transplant (dat). Whitefly densities were determined on individual plants in each trial, and marketable fruit yields were determined at least two times during each trial. The highest level of protection occurred in the fall 1997 trial when, at 40 dat, ToMoV disease severity ratings were significantly less in all PGPR powder-based treatments than in either of the seed or control treatments. Detection of viral DNA using Southern dot blot analyses correlated with symptom severity ratings, as did fruit yields. A reduction in ToMoV symptom severity ratings and incidence of viral DNA were also observed for some PGPR treatments in the spring 1998 trial, although corresponding yield responses were not apparent. Little or no resistance was observed in the fall 1998 trial. No differences in disease severity, detection of ToMoV DNA, or yield occurred among treatments in any of the trials at 80 dat. These data show that up to 40 dat under natural conditions of high levels of vector-virus pressure, some PGPR treatments resulted in reduced ToMoV incidence and disease severity and, in some cases, a corresponding increase in fruit yield. The use of PGPR could become a component of an integrated program for management of this virus in tomato.
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Ojuederie, Omena, Oluwaseyi Olanrewaju, and Olubukola Babalola. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Mitigation of Drought Stress in Crop Plants: Implications for Sustainable Agriculture." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 4, 2019): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110712.
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Abiotic stresses arising from climate change negates crop growth and yield, leading to food insecurity. Drought causes oxidative stress on plants, arising from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to inadequate CO2, which disrupts the photosynthetic machinery of plants. The use of conventional methods for the development of drought-tolerant crops is time-consuming, and the full adoption of modern biotechnology for crop enhancement is still regarded with prudence. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be used as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly approach for enhancing crop growth under environmental stress. The various direct and indirect mechanisms used for plant growth enhancement by PGPR were discussed. Synthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane−1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase enhances plant nutrient uptake by breaking down plant ACC, thereby preventing ethylene accumulation, and enable plants to tolerate water stress. The exopolysaccharides produced also improves the ability of the soil to withhold water. PGPR enhances osmolyte production, which is effective in reducing the detrimental effects of ROS. Multifaceted PGPRs are potential candidates for biofertilizer production to lessen the detrimental effects of drought stress on crops cultivated in arid regions. This review proffered ways of augmenting their efficacy as bio-inoculants under field conditions and highlighted future prospects for sustainable agricultural productivity.
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Swarnalakshmi, Karivaradharajan, Vandana Yadav, Deepti Tyagi, Dolly Wattal Dhar, Annapurna Kannepalli, and Shiv Kumar. "Significance of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Grain Legumes: Growth Promotion and Crop Production." Plants 9, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111596.
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Grain legumes are an important component of sustainable agri-food systems. They establish symbiotic association with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, thus reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. Several other free-living microbial communities (PGPR—plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) residing in the soil-root interface are also known to influence biogeochemical cycles and improve legume productivity. The growth and function of these microorganisms are affected by root exudate molecules secreted in the rhizosphere region. PGPRs produce the chemicals which stimulate growth and functions of leguminous crops at different growth stages. They promote plant growth by nitrogen fixation, solubilization as well as mineralization of phosphorus, and production of phytohormone(s). The co-inoculation of PGPRs along with rhizobia has shown to enhance nodulation and symbiotic interaction. The recent molecular tools are helpful to understand and predict the establishment and function of PGPRs and plant response. In this review, we provide an overview of various growth promoting mechanisms of PGPR inoculations in the production of leguminous crops.
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Pradhan, S., and M. K. Jena. "In-vitro Assessment of Native Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Isolates Against Diverse Fungal Phytopathogens." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (August 9, 2023): 1904–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183473.
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Although many Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are used commercially, there is a need to explore more biocontrol agents to combat various pathogens and sustain the productivity of crops. PGPRs inhabit the rhizosphere region of plant and are effective in managing various pathogens. In this study, twenty-six PGPR isolates were screened in-vitro against various fungal phytopathogens in the Plant Bacteriological Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal during 2021-22. All the thirteen native Bacillus isolates, showed antagonistic activity against Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotiopsis sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Among the thirteen fluorescent pseudomonads, all showed antagonistic activity against A. alternata, C. gloeosporioides and Pestalotiopsis sp., eight, CK2LPP, CK2LP8, CK2LP12, GP2, GP8, G11SP37, K11SP4 and S21SP14, against R. solani, two, GP2 and GP8, against S. rolfsii. BRB 42, BRB 56, PR 18, GP2 and GP8 had the highest antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogens under in-vitro condition based on average mycelium inhibition per cent. BRB 56, SM 9 and GP8, showed the maximum inhibition zone against all the phytopathogens.
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Noel, T. C., C. Sheng, C. K. Yost, R. P. Pharis, and M. F. Hynes. "Rhizobium leguminosarum as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium: direct growth promotion of canola and lettuce." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-040.
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Early seedling root growth of the nonlegumes canola (Brassica campestris cv. Tobin, Brassica napus cv. Westar) and lettuce (Lactuca saliva cv. Grand Rapids) was significantly promoted by inoculation of seeds with certain strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum, including nitrogen- and nonnitrogen-fixing derivatives under gnotobiotic conditions. The growfh-promotive effect appears to be direct, with possible involvement of the plant growth regulators indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin. Auxotrophic Rhizobium mutants requiring tryptophan or adenosine (precursors for indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinin synthesis, respectively) did not promote growth to the extent of the parent strain. The findings of this study demonstrate a new facet of the Rhizobium–plant relationship and that Rhizobium leguminosarum can be considered a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR).Key words: Rhizobium, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR, indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, roots, auxotrophic mutants.
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SYAMSUDDIN, SYAMSUDDIN, MARLINA MARLINA, TJUT CHAMZURNI, and VINA MAULIDIA. "Indigenous Rhizobacteria treatment in controlling diseases Phytophthora palmivora and increasing the viability and growth of cocoa seedling." Jurnal Natural 21, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v21i2.21216.
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Rhizobacteria play a positive role as biocontrol agents as well as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) agents. The research objective was to obtain indigenous rhizobacteria isolates on cocoa plants that have the potential to inhibit the attack of P. palmivora fungal pathogens, and act as PGPR in vitro and in vivo. The results of the study concluded that isolates TRI 7/1, TRI 8/8, GM 7/9 and GM 7/10 had the highest ability to inhibit the growth of pathogen. The lowest disease severity (20%) was obtained in the seedlings treated using isolates TRI 7/1 and TRI 8/8. Rhizobacterial isolates GM 3/6, GM 5/6, GM 7/9 and GM 8/8 produce high amounts of IAA. Rhizobacteria isolates GM 5/6, GM 7/9 and GM 8/8 has very high peroxidase enzyme activity. High production of HCN compounds was obtained in rhizobacteria isolates TRI 3/3, TRI 4/10 and TRI GM 8/11. All rhizobacterial isolates gave an increase in the value of maximum growth potential, germination and vigor values for growth strength compared with the control. The rizobacteria treatments using isolates TRI 7/1, TRI 8/8, GM 7/9 and GM 7/10 were able to increase plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 DAP compared to control treatment.
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Jeyanthi, V., and S. Kanimozhi. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) - Prospective and Mechanisms: A Review." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.12.2.34.
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Saeed, Qudsia, Wang Xiukang, Fasih Ullah Haider, Jiří Kučerik, Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz, Jiri Holatko, Munaza Naseem, et al. "Rhizosphere Bacteria in Plant Growth Promotion, Biocontrol, and Bioremediation of Contaminated Sites: A Comprehensive Review of Effects and Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910529.
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Agriculture in the 21st century is facing multiple challenges, such as those related to soil fertility, climatic fluctuations, environmental degradation, urbanization, and the increase in food demand for the increasing world population. In the meanwhile, the scientific community is facing key challenges in increasing crop production from the existing land base. In this regard, traditional farming has witnessed enhanced per acre crop yields due to irregular and injudicious use of agrochemicals, including pesticides and synthetic fertilizers, but at a substantial environmental cost. Another major concern in modern agriculture is that crop pests are developing pesticide resistance. Therefore, the future of sustainable crop production requires the use of alternative strategies that can enhance crop yields in an environmentally sound manner. The application of rhizobacteria, specifically, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), as an alternative to chemical pesticides has gained much attention from the scientific community. These rhizobacteria harbor a number of mechanisms through which they promote plant growth, control plant pests, and induce resistance to various abiotic stresses. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of rhizobacteria involved in plant growth promotion, biocontrol of pests, and bioremediation of contaminated soils. It also focuses on the effects of PGPR inoculation on plant growth survival under environmental stress. Furthermore, the pros and cons of rhizobacterial application along with future directions for the sustainable use of rhizobacteria in agriculture are discussed in depth.
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Su, Fan, Bin Zhao, Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier, and Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau. "Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Modulate Carbohydrate Metabolism in Connection with Host Plant Defense Mechanism." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 3 (January 25, 2024): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031465.
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Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could potentially enhance photosynthesis and benefit plant growth by improving soil nutrient uptake and affecting plant hormone balance. Several recent studies have unveiled a correlation between alterations in photosynthesis and host plant resistance levels. Photosynthesis provides materials and energy for plant growth and immune defense and affects defense-related signaling pathways. Photosynthetic organelles, which could be strengthened by PGPR inoculation, are key centers for defense signal biosynthesis and transmission. Although endophytic PGPRs metabolize plant photosynthates, they can increase soluble sugar levels and alternate sugar type and distribution. Soluble sugars clearly support plant growth and can act as secondary messengers under stressed conditions. Overall, carbohydrate metabolism modifications induced by PGPR may also play a key role in improving plant resistance. We provide a concise overview of current knowledge regarding PGPR-induced modulation in carbohydrate metabolism under both pathogen-infected and pathogen-free conditions. We highlight PGPR application as a cost-saving strategy amidst unpredictable pathogen pressures.
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Yaghoubi Khanghahi, Mohammad, Sabrina Strafella, Pasquale Filannino, Fabio Minervini, and Carmine Crecchio. "Importance of Lactic Acid Bacteria as an Emerging Group of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Sustainable Agroecosystems." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2024): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051798.
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Increasing awareness of the problems caused by synthetic agrochemicals, such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides, makes it crucial to discover substitute approaches that can guarantee competitive plant production and protect the environment while maintaining the natural balance in agroecosystems. One of the leading alternatives is utilizing rhizobacterial strains named plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The utilization of PGPR-based biofertilizers for advancement in the sustainability of farming productions has received considerable critical attention all over the world because of their contribution to not only improving plant growth but also inducing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. This review updates the aforementioned eco-friendly strategy in sustainable agroecosystems and provides new insights into the phytostimulation and bioprotection ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), an emerging taxon of PGPR. In this regard, the ability of LAB to synthesize metabolites, including organic acids, phenolic acids and their flavonoid derivatives, phytohormones, and antimicrobial substrates, is presented. The use of LAB provides a bridge between PGPR and environmentally friendly crop productivity, which can lead to sustainable production systems by reducing the use of agrochemicals, improving soil quality, and minimizing environmental pollution. All the beneficial aspects of LAB need to be addressed by future research to plan systematic methodologies for their use and/or to combine the use of PGPR along with other organic or inorganic inputs in sustainable production systems.
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Hassan, Mohammad, John McInroy, and Joseph Kloepper. "The Interactions of Rhizodeposits with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in the Rhizosphere: A Review." Agriculture 9, no. 7 (July 4, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9070142.
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Rhizodeposits, root exudates, and root border cells are vital components of the rhizosphere that significantly affect root colonization capacity and multiplication of rhizosphere microbes, as well as secretion of organic bioactive compounds. The rhizosphere is an ecological niche, in which beneficial bacteria compete with other microbiota for organic carbon compounds and interact with plants through root colonization activity to the soil. Some of these root-colonizing beneficial rhizobacteria also colonize endophytically and multiply inside plant roots. In the rhizosphere, these components contribute to complex physiological processes, including cell growth, cell differentiation, and suppression of plant pathogenic microbes. Understanding how rhizodeposits, root exudates, and root border cells interact in the rhizosphere in the presence of rhizobacterial populations is necessary to decipher their synergistic role for the improvement of plant health. This review highlights the diversity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) genera, their functions, and the interactions with rhizodeposits in the rhizosphere.
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Dhawi, Faten. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Regulated Phyto and Microbial Beneficial Protein Interactions." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0008.
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AbstractPlant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) influence plants’ physiological characteristics, metabolites, pathways and proteins via alteration of corresponding gene expression. In the current study, a total of 42 upregulated uncharacterized sorghum bicolor root proteins influenced by PGPR were subjected to different analyses: phylogenetic tree, protein functional network, sequences similarity network (SSN), Genome Neighborhood Network (GNN) and motif analysis. The screen for homologous bacterial proteins to uncover associated protein families and similar proteins in non-PGPRs was identified. The sorghum roots’ uncharacterized protein sequences analysis indicated the existence of two protein categories, the first being related to phytobeneficial protein family associated with DNA regulation such as Sulfatase, FGGY_C, Phosphodiesterase or stress tolerance such as HSP70. The second is associated with bacterial transcriptional regulators such as FtsZ, MreB_Mbl and DNA-binding transcriptional regulators, as well as the AcrR family, which existed in PGPR and non PGPR. Therefore, Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) regulated phytobeneficial traits through reciprocal protein stimulation via microbe plant interactions, both during and post colonization.
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Pradhan, Saswati, and Manoj Kumar Jena. "Evaluation of compatibility of native plant growth promoting rhizobacterial isolates against chemical pesticides." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, suppl (2023): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i06s.031.
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Conventional agriculture relies heavily on chemical fertilizers, pesticides and weedicides to control plant diseases, pests and weeds to improve production. Consequently, the soil receives the bulk of complex agrochemical compounds many of which are poisonous to the activity of non-target beneficial soil microorganisms. There is a need to check the tolerance of biocontrol agents like Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial (PGPR) to various pesticides before their practical application. Taking this into account, the investigation was conducted for the screening of the PGPR isolates against chemical pesticide degradation potentialities in Plant Bacteriological Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal during 2021-22. All the native rhizobacterial, Bacillus and Fluorescent pseudomonad isolates tested had good potentiality to tolerate Carbendazim and Glyphosate. Among native Bacillus isolates, BRB89, BRB42, PR 19, PR 20, BRB 52, BRB 56, BRB 74, and SM 9 showed moderate tolerance, whereas among all the native Fluorescent pseudomonads, all except GP2 showed high tolerance against Paraquat. All native Bacillus isolates except PR16 were highly sensitive against Chorpyriphos. However, all the native fluorescent pseudomonads showed tolerance against Chorpyriphos even at 2000 ppm concentration.
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de Andrade, Luana Alves, Carlos Henrique Barbosa Santos, Edvan Teciano Frezarin, Luziane Ramos Sales, and Everlon Cid Rigobelo. "Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Agricultural Production." Microorganisms 11, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11041088.
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Rhizosheric bacteria with several abilities related to plant growth and health have been denominated Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR promote plant growth through several modes of action, be it directly or indirectly. The benefits provided by these bacteria can include increased nutrient availability, phytohormone production, shoot and root development, protection against several phytopathogens, and reduced diseases. Additionally, PGPR can help plants to withstand abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought and produce enzymes that detoxify plants from heavy metals. PGPR have become an important strategy in sustainable agriculture due to the possibility of reducing synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, promoting plant growth and health, and enhancing soil quality. There are many studies related to PGPR in the literature. However, this review highlights the studies that used PGPR for sustainable production in a practical way, making it possible to reduce the use of fertilizers such as phosphorus and nitrogen and fungicides, and to improve nutrient uptake. This review addresses topics such as unconventional fertilizers, seed microbiome for rhizospheric colonization, rhizospheric microorganisms, nitrogen fixation for reducing chemical fertilizers, phosphorus solubilizing and mineralizing, and siderophore and phytohormone production for reducing the use of fungicides and pesticides for sustainable agriculture.
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Glick, Bernard R. "The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-015.
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The ways in which plant growth promoting rhizobacteria facilitate the growth of plants are considered and discussed. Both indirect and direct mechanisms of plant growth promotion are dealt with. The possibility of improving plant growth promoting rhizobacteria by specific genetic manipulation is critically examined.Key words: plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR, bacterial fertilizer, soil bacteria.
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M, Tariq. "Antagonistic features displayed by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Review." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 1, no. 1 (2017): 038–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001004.
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Pal, Amit Kumar, Arpita Chakraborty, and Chandan Sengupta. "Differential effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling under cadmium and lead stress." Plant Science Today 5, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2018.5.4.419.
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Rapidly increasing worldwide industrialization has led to many environmental problems by the liberation of pollutants such as heavy metals. Day by day increasing metal contamination in soil and water can be best coped by the interaction of potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for plant growth. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatment on growth of chilli plant subjected to heavy metal stress was evaluated. Growth of chilli plant was examined with inoculation of two isolated PGPR (Lysinibacillus varians and Pseudomonas putida) under cadmium (30 ppm), lead (150 ppm) and the combination of heavy metal (Cd+Pb) stress condition. Among these two bacteria L. varians produced slightly better plant growth enhancement. Different growth parameters of chilli plants were reduced under heavy metal stress. Whereas, Cd and Pb tolerant PGPR inoculation, in root associated soil, enhanced plant growth development under test heavy metal contaminated soil. So, these PGPRs may easily be used as bio-fertilizers which will nullify the adverse effect of heavy metal on plant growth.
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Ariyani, Mei Dwi, Tirta Kumala Dewi, Sri Pujiyanto, and Agung Suprihadi. "Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria dari Perakaran Kelapa Sawit pada Lahan Gambut." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.23.2.159-171.
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Peatlands have characteristics of low pH and lack nutrients. Oil palm is the main plant commodity in peatland management. Oil palm roots have been known to be a nutrition source for the growth of soil microbes, especially bacteria around their roots or PGPR. PGPR are a group of bacteria that play an important role in supporting plant growth and health. The purpose of this research was to obtain PGPR potential from oil palm roots which can be used as candidates for biofertilizer agents. In this study, the isolation and selection of PGPR isolate from oil palm roots on oil palm plantations in Central Kalimantan were carried out based on their plant growth-promoting traits, including the activity of producing Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), phosphate solubilizing, N-fixing, K solubilizing, siderophore production, ACC deaminase activity, proteolytic activity, cellulolytic activity, and ligninolytic activity. A total of 17 isolates were selected to be tested for their multiple activities ability. The final results of the PGPR characterization showed that of the seventeen isolates, all isolates had PGPR activity at least three different abilities. From the seventeen isolates, it was found that the SW 5.5 PK 3A isolate had the highest IAA production activity (58,50 ppm), SW 4.10 PK 1A isolate had the highest K solubilizing index (3,16), SW 8.5 PK 1A isolate had both the highest P solubilizing index (3,73) and the highest siderophore zone index (5,20), SW 4.11 PK isolate had the highest proteolytic index (4,80), and SW 4.10 PK 1A.P isolates had the highest cellulolytic index (5,11).
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Mankar, Mangesh Kumar, U. S. Sharma, and Sanjay Sahay. "Priming effect of native rhizosphere bacteria on little millet (Panicum sumatrense)." Die Bodenkultur: Journal of Land Management, Food and Environment 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/boku-2022-0004.
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Summary The declining productivity of little millet (Panicum sumatrense) in a rural area in India necessitates finding a sustainable solution. A suitable composition of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere of a crop is considered important for its optimum yield. Therefore, a study was undertaken to isolate and identify suitable bacteria and see their priming effect on the productivity of little millet. Rhizospheric soil samples were used to isolate bacteria on nitrogen-free Jensen's medium. Fast-growing rhizobacterial isolates FKK5 and DUM4, which exhibit significant selected plant growth-promoting activities, were selected. Little millet seeds were inoculated with selected PGPR and a non-native Azotobacter chroococcum before sowing. The inoculated plants were grown under semi-sterile poly-house conditions. Little millet inoculated with FKK5, DUM4, and A. chroococcum (5576) showed enhanced grain yield by 28.14%, 24.72%, and 20.43%, respectively, and enhanced total biomass yield by 23.08%, 21.87%, and 19.09%, respectively. The isolates were identified as Burkholderia sp. with 0.66% dissimilarity in 16S rDNA sequence with the most closely related species in the Genbank database. The native PGPR proved to be more effective compared to non-native PGPR as biofertilizers in restoring the productivity of the nutritionally important cereal.
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Ngo, Trinh Le Phuong, Thanh Nguyen Chu, Thanh Nguyen Chu, and Minh Thi Thanh Hoang. "Evaluating the salt resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana induced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from Can Gio mangrove forest." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T2 (June 30, 2017): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it2.449.
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As soil salinization is a major concern of modern agriculture and an expected threat in climate change scenarios, special effort will be required for maintaining crop production under salt stress. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a promising agricultural practice to help less salt tolerant crops to maintain an acceptable level of productivity under higher salt concentrations. Here, we have isolated the PGPR from the rhizosphere soil in Can Gio Mangrove Forest, Vietnam. Fifteen isolates of bacteria were successfully isolated on medium containing 10 % NaCl. Subsequently, to investigate the effects of PGPR isolates on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana, seeds were treated with the PGPR and observed the germination as well as the seedling growth. Under stress condition, all bacteria inhibited the germination, however, 02NP01, 04PP02 and 06NS01, identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, Vibrio and Halomonas elongata, respectively, could promote Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth compared to the control. Further analysis found that three bacteria exhibited the ability to fix nitrogen, solubilize inorganic phosphorus and produce phytohormone-auxin. In addition, under normal condition, Bacillus and Vibrio significantly increased A. thaliana germination, after treatment with Bacillus and Vibrio the seed germination rate increased by 36.60 % and 69.76 % respectively compared to the control. Our research shows that isolated potential rhizobacterial strains may be used as an effective tool for enhancing Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth under salinity stress.
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Kaushal, Manoj, Priyanka Mandyal, and Rajesh Kaushal. "Field Based Assessment of Capsicum annuum Performance with Inoculation of Rhizobacterial Consortia." Microorganisms 7, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7030089.
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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are associated with plant roots and augment plant productivity and immunity by reducing fertilizer application rates and nutrient runoff. Studies were conducted to evaluate bell pepper transplants amended with formulation of consortium of two indigenous PGPR isolates (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) in terms of increase in yield and disease resistance under field conditions. Transplants were planted into plots treated by NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), fungicides, soil solarization, MeBr fumigation, PGPR and untreated soil. Treatments were assessed for incidence of soil-borne phytopathogens viz. Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum sp. Highly significant increases in bell pepper transplant growth occurred in response to formulations of PGPR isolates. Transplant vigor and survival in the field were also improved by PGPR treatments. Consortium of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus reduced disease incidence of damping off by 1.81% and anthracnose by 1.75%. Numbers of colony forming units of Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum sp. were significantly higher in all plots than those treated with PGPR consortium. Incidence of seed rot and seedling blight on bell pepper was significantly lower in PGPR-treated plots and highest in untreated plots. Total fruit yield of bell pepper increased by 379.36% with PGPR consortium (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus).
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Li, Bensheng, Chao Zhang, Maodong Qi, Xi Zheng, Nabil S. Mustafad, Nadeem Ahmed, Muhammad Anees, Mohammad Abass Ahanger, and Lixin Zhang. "Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on uptake and utilization of phosphorus and root architecture in apple seedlings under water limited regimes." International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56612/ijaeb.v1i1.4.
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The aim of this research was to examine the relationships among Pseudomonas fluorescens (YX2) plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), phosphorus (P) absorption by plants, and root system architecture in apple seedlings exposed to mild, moderate or severe drought stresses. All the treatments were divided into two groups: 1) inoculated with a plant rhizobacterial strain (YX2), and 2) the non-inoculated control. Under drought stress, the YX2 inoculation improved root growth, root activity by 6%, and uptake of P, thereby promoting apple seedling growth along with the dry weight of above-ground plant parts in the mild and moderate water stress regimes. Furthermore, the inoculation also promoted total P contents in plants under both mild and moderate drought stresses. Overall, application of Pseudomonas fluorescens (YX2) is a promising approach to enhance apple production in agricultural production systems.
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Kiprovski, Biljana, Djordje Malencic, Simonida Djuric, Mira Bursac, Jelena Cvejic, and Vladimir Sikora. "Isoflavone content and antioxidant activity of soybean inoculated with plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 11 (2016): 1239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc160422070k.
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Plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) elicit activation of phenylpropanoid pathway in plants which leads to phenolics production and enhanced antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this work was to assess the antioxidant activity of soybean plants, Glycine max L., inoculated with PGPR (isolates of Azotobacter chroococcum, Streptomyces sp. and mixture of these) during plant development, as well as yield of inoculated soybean plants. PGPR applied in the experiment stimulated flavonoids and isoflavone synthesis, which enhanced non-enzymatic antioxidant ability of soybean plants. Also, PGPRs stimulated accumulation of daidzein and genistin in soybean seedlings (5-fold and 2-fold compared to control values, respectively). The mixture of PGPRs showed positive impact on antioxidant activity (10-20% higher activity) and yield components of soybean which proposed this inoculum as possibly potent bio-fertilizer in soybean production.
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Poonam Pandurang, Kshipra. "Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) : A Review." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1004.093.
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Santoyo, Gustavo, Carlos Alberto Urtis-Flores, Pedro Damián Loeza-Lara, Ma del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda, and Bernard R. Glick. "Rhizosphere Colonization Determinants by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)." Biology 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10060475.
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The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the field has been hampered by a number of gaps in the knowledge of the mechanisms that improve plant growth, health, and production. These gaps include (i) the ability of PGPR to colonize the rhizosphere of plants and (ii) the ability of bacterial strains to thrive under different environmental conditions. In this review, different strategies of PGPR to colonize the rhizosphere of host plants are summarized and the advantages of having highly competitive strains are discussed. Some mechanisms exhibited by PGPR to colonize the rhizosphere include recognition of chemical signals and nutrients from root exudates, antioxidant activities, biofilm production, bacterial motility, as well as efficient evasion and suppression of the plant immune system. Moreover, many PGPR contain secretion systems and produce antimicrobial compounds, such as antibiotics, volatile organic compounds, and lytic enzymes that enable them to restrict the growth of potentially phytopathogenic microorganisms. Finally, the ability of PGPR to compete and successfully colonize the rhizosphere should be considered in the development and application of bioinoculants.
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Çığ, Fatih, Ferit Sönmez, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, and Ayman El Sabagh. "Effect of Biochar and PGPR on the Growth and Nutrients Content of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) and Post-Harvest Soil Properties." Agronomy 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2021): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122418.
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Limited availability of nutrients to crops is a major agricultural concern. Deteriorated soil health and poor fertility status decrease the bioavailability of essential nutrients to the plants. Consequently, organic soil amendment biochar is gaining attention due to its potential benefits. Rhizobacterial inoculation, are also documented as an effective technology for mobilization of immobile nutrients in soil. However, limited literature is available on combined use of rhizobacteria and biochar. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the changes in the nutrient content of einkorn wheat and the change in some soil properties during the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with biochar. Four doses of biochar (0, 2.5, 5, and 10%) were applied with and without PGPR in the study. Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR) and potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) elements. While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values. Combined biochar applications and PGPR had a significant effect on the pH, RFW, R/S, P, Na, and Cu. In conclusion, the combination of biochar and PGPR applications has shown a positive effect in terms of soil properties, plant growth, and element contents of einkorn wheat.
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Sarathambal, C., K. Ilamurugu, L. Srimathi Priya, and K. K. Barman. "A review on weeds as source of novel plant growth promoting microbes for crop improvement." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i2.549.
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In the context of increasing international concern for food security and environmental quality, the use of bioinoculants like diazotrophs and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture is a potentially important issue. The improvement in agricultural sustainability requires optimal use and management of soil fertility and soil physical properties, where both rely on soil biological processes and soil biodiversity. Biological nitrogen fixation by plant-associated bacteria is eco-friendly and has been effectively exploited for crop plants including legumes. Although associations of rhizobacteria with non-leguminous plants such as grasses have been known for decades, they have been poorly - studied. Weedy grass species normally thrive in adverse conditions and act as potential habitats for the diverse groups of elite bacteria with multiple beneficial characters remains unexplored. A more complete understanding of the diversity and functioning of rhizobacterial microorganisms, especially those that have symbiotic relationships with grass species is of great value for agricultural research and application.
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Elsharkawy, Mohsen M., Amr A. Khedr, Farid Mehiar, Elsayed M. El-Kady, Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd, and Said I. Behiry. "Rhizobacterial Colonization and Management of Bacterial Speck Pathogen in Tomato by Pseudomonas spp." Microorganisms 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2023): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11051103.
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Plants and soil microorganisms interact at every stage of growth. Pseudomonas spp. are highly regarded for their ability to increase crop production and protection from diseases. The aim of this study is to understand the mechanisms of the rhizobacterial colonization of tomato roots via chemotaxis assay and the activation of tomato resistance against the pathogenic bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). The capillary assay was used to evaluate the chemotaxis response of PGPRs (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). The activities of defense enzymes and the expressions of PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were measured using real-time qPCR. Chemotactic responses to malic and citric acids (the most important root exudates found in different plant species) at low concentrations varied substantially among the rhizobacterial isolates (63 species). Beneficial isolates including Pseudomonas resinovorans A5, P. vranovensis A30, P. resinovorans A28, P. umsongensis O26, P. stutzeri N42, and P. putida T15 reacted well to different concentrations of root exudates. P. putida T15 demonstrated the most potent anti-Pst activity. At three and six days after inoculation, the greatest levels of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity were reported in the A5 and T15 groups. In tomato, transcript levels of four PR (pathogenesis-related) genes were elevated by rhizobacterial treatments. PGPR isolates alone or in combination with BABA (β-amino butyric acid) up-regulated the transcriptions of PR1, PR2, LOX, and PAL genes. Treatments with N42 and T15 resulted in the greatest improvements in tomato growth and yield traits. In conclusion, the results explain the mechanisms of rhizobacterial colonization for the improved management of Pst. Rhizobacterial isolates play a role in tomato’s resistance to Pst via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways.
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Bajracharya, Anup Muni. "Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Biofertiliser and Biocontrol agent-Review article." Journal of Balkumari College 8 (December 31, 2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbkc.v8i0.29304.
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Good health starts with good food. Humans expect agriculture to supply good food with sufficient nutrients, economically and culturally valued foods, fibers and other products. But the excessive application of synthetic pesticides has exerted an adverse effect on bio-flora, fauna and natural enemies. Even a largest part of yield has been lost due to various stresses, like biotic and abiotic stresses to the plant. On this account, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), an eco-friendly biopesticides is boon for the biocontrol of different plant pathogens. Moreover, PGPR strains can enhance the plant growth through the production of various plant growth promoting substances. These are generally a group of microorganism that is found either in the plane of the rhizosphere or above roots impacting some positive benefits to plants. PGPR are associated with plant roots and augment plant productivity and immunity; however, recent work by several groups shows that PGPR also elicit so-called 'induced systemic tolerance' to salt and drought. PGPR might also increase nutrient uptake from soils, thus reducing the need for fertilizers and preventing the accumulation of nitrates and phosphates in agricultural soils. Scientific researches involve multidisciplinary approaches to understand adaptation of PGPR, effects on plant physiology and growth, induced systemic resistance, biocontrol of plant pathogens, bio fertilization, and potential green alternative for plant productivity, viability of co inoculating, plant microorganism interactions, and mechanisms of root colonization.
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Devkota, Sabina, Kamana Rayamajhi, Dil Raj Yadav, and Jiban Shrestha. "Effects of different doses of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) granules on wheat yield." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32536.
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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the soil bacteria inhabiting around/on the root surface and are directly or indirectly involved in promoting plant growth and development. This study was conducted at research field of Agriculture Research Station, Belachapi, Dhanusa, Nepal in 2018 to identify the effects of PGPR on wheat production. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Eight treatments namely, T1: Control; T2: Recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) (100:50:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha); T3:10 t/ha Farm Yard Manure (FYM); T4: PGPR 12.5 kg/ha ; T5: PGPR 25 kg/ha; T6: PGPR 7 kg/ha; T7: PGPR 12.5 kg/ha + ½ RDF; T8: PGPR 7 kg/ha + ½ FYM, were applied in this experiment. Wheat variety NL-971 was used. The results showed that the thousand grain weight showed significant result. The treatment with 10 t/ha FYM was found the best for spike length (8.267cm), grains per five spikes (160) and Thousand grain weight (49.28 g). Whereas, the highest yield (2.064 t/ha) was obtained with application of PGPR 7 kg/ha + ½ FYM. The PH content was found the highest (5.453) with application of RDF. The maximum organic matter content (1.763) and N content (0.1179%) were found with application of PGPR 12.5 kg/ha. Similarly, the highest phosphorus content (75.83 mg/kg) was found with application of PGPR7 kg/ha while the highest potassium content (72.51 mg/kg) was obtained with application of PGPR 25kg/ha. Overall, there was positive impact of application of PGPR on wheat production.
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Liu, Ke, John A. McInroy, Chia-Hui Hu, and Joseph W. Kloepper. "Mixtures of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Enhance Biological Control of Multiple Plant Diseases and Plant-Growth Promotion in the Presence of Pathogens." Plant Disease 102, no. 1 (January 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0478-re.
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Several studies have shown that mixtures of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could enhance biological control activity for multiple plant diseases through the mechanisms of induced systemic resistance or antagonism. Prior experiments showed that four individual PGPR strains—AP69 (Bacillus altitudinis), AP197 (B. velezensis), AP199 (B. velezensis), and AP298 (B. velezensis)—had broad-spectrum biocontrol activity via antagonism in growth chambers against two foliar bacterial pathogens (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) and one of two tested soilborne fungal pathogens (Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum). Based on these findings, the overall hypothesis of this study was that a mixture of two individual PGPR strains would exhibit better overall biocontrol and plant-growth promotion than the individual PGPR strains. Two separate greenhouse experiments were conducted. In each experiment, two individual PGPR strains and their mixtures were tested for biological control of three different diseases and for plant-growth promotion in the presence of the pathogens. The results demonstrated that the two individual PGPR strains and their mixtures exhibited both biological control of multiple plant diseases and plant-growth promotion. Overall, the levels of disease suppression and growth promotion were greater with mixtures than with individual PGPR strains.
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Nasib, Samson Bin, Ketty Suketi, and Winarso Drajad Widodo. "Pengaruh Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Terhadap Bibit dan Pertumbuhan Awal Pepaya." Buletin Agrohorti 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.4.1.63-69.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PGPR pada bibit dan pertumbuhan awal pepaya. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai Mei 2015 di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB Pasirkuda Ciomas, Bogor, dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak 2 faktor dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah konsentrasi larutan PGPR (5 ml L-1, 10 ml L-1 dan 15 ml L-1) dan lama perendaman PGPR (30 menit, 60 menit,90 menit dan 120 menit). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan perlakuan berpengaruh dianalisis dengan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf selang kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian di polybag menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR mempengaruhi jumlah daun dan diameter batang di fase pembibitan. Hasil penelitian di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR tidak mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang petiol, lebar daun, panjang daun, waktu bunga pertama muncul, tinggi kedudukkan bunga, jumlah pohon betina, jumlah pohon hermaprodit, jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah bunga hermaprodit. Konsentrasi PGPR mempengaruhi panjang petiol pada 5 minggu setelah tanam.
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Nasib, Samson Bin, Ketty Suketi, and Winarso Drajad Widodo. "Pengaruh Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Terhadap Bibit dan Pertumbuhan Awal Pepaya." Buletin Agrohorti 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v4i1.15002.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh PGPR pada bibit dan pertumbuhan awal pepaya. Percobaan dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai Mei 2015 di Kebun Percobaan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika IPB Pasirkuda Ciomas, Bogor, dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak 2 faktor dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah konsentrasi larutan PGPR (5 ml L-1, 10 ml L-1 dan 15 ml L-1) dan lama perendaman PGPR (30 menit, 60 menit,90 menit dan 120 menit). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan perlakuan berpengaruh dianalisis dengan DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) pada taraf selang kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian di polybag menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR mempengaruhi jumlah daun dan diameter batang di fase pembibitan. Hasil penelitian di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan PGPR, lama perendaman PGPR dan interaksi antara konsentrasi PGPR dengan lama perendaman PGPR tidak mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang petiol, lebar daun, panjang daun, waktu bunga pertama muncul, tinggi kedudukkan bunga, jumlah pohon betina, jumlah pohon hermaprodit, jumlah bunga betina dan jumlah bunga hermaprodit. Konsentrasi PGPR mempengaruhi panjang petiol pada 5 minggu setelah tanam.
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Ichwan, Budiyati, Trias Novita, Eliyanti Eliyanti, and Ella Masita. "Aplikasi Berbagai Jenis Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai Merah." Jurnal Media Pertanian 6, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v6i1.111.
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This study aims to examine the effect of PGPR in increasing the growth and yield of red chilies, and to find the type of PGPR that gives the best growth and yield in red chilies. The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, 35 above sea level. The study used a randomized block design with one factor, namely various types of PGPR: without PGPR; PGPR1 (containing Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., 11 essential macro and microelements, as well as natural amino acids); PGPR 2 (containing Pseudomonas fluorescent, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus niger, Azobacter sp., Azospirilium sp., And Rhizobium sp.); PGPR 3 (containing Trichoderma sp., Pseudomonas sp., And Rhizobium sp.); and PGPR 4 (containing Azosbacteria sp, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma harzianum). Each treatment was repeated five times. The results showed that the application of PGPR was able to increase plant growth and yield of red chilies in the form of plant height (2.12% - 9.69%), the total number of branches (5.25% -54.96%), number of fruits (13,55% -51.40%) and fruit weight (54.19% -116.35%). The quality of crop yields has also improved with the application of PGPR. PGPR which contains Pseudomonas fluorescent, Trichoderma sp, Aspergillus niger, Azobacter sp, Azospirilium sp, and Rhizobium sp. is PGPR that provides the best growth and yield of red chilies
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Grobelak, A., A. Napora, and M. Kacprzak. "Using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve plant growth." Ecological Engineering 84 (November 2015): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.07.019.
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Anandakumar, Selvaraj, and Gothandaraman Rajadurai. "Biological Control of Plant Parasitic-Nematodes by Plant Growth Promoting-Rhizobacteria." Plant Health Archives 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 05–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.54083/pha/1.1.2023/05-07.
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Plant growth promoting-rhizobacteria (PGPR) contributes a significant part in crop health improvement including pest management. It also protects plants from parasitic nematodes damage by exhibiting biocontrol activity besides improving the growth of plants by supplying nutrients, producing phytohormones and inducing modification of plants metabolisms. PGPR decreases or inhibits the hatching of nematode juveniles and suppresses the nematodes development and reproduction by exhibiting various mechanisms such as hyperparasitism, antibiotic synthesis or antibiosis, substrate competition, synthesis of lytic enzymes and induction of resistance in plants. Hence, PGPR could be an efficient biological protective agent that protects agricultural and horticultural crop plants from the infestation of parasitic nematodes.
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Lonhienne, Chanyarat Paungfoo, Nantida Watanarojanaporn, Ian Petersen, Ratchaniwan Jaemsaeng, Peeraya Klomsa ard, and Klanarong Sriroth. "Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhance the ratoon productivity of sugarcane." December 2021, no. 15(12):2021 (December 12, 2021): 1442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3311.
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Less than half of the applied chemical fertiliser in intensive cropping systems is utilised by the target crops, with the remaining nutrients contributing to environmental pollution. Reducing the pollution derived from inefficient use of chemical fertilisers has enormous importance for agriculture. Recently, studies have shown that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Paraburkholderia sp. SOS3 along with a combination of organic and chemical fertilisers, can offer a viable avenue to enhance sugarcane growth while reducing the concentration of chemical fertilisers. Here, we further investigated the effects of adding PGPR with combined organic and chemical fertilisers on sugarcane ratoon productivity (i.e. the second-year ratoon crop). The ratoon crop regenerated from sugarcane fertilised with the chemical-organic fertilisation in the first year, with or without PGPR (4 replicates), was grown in industry-standard practice in the second year. The results show that PGPR inoculation during the initial planting strongly promotes the growth of the ratoon sugarcane in the second year without reapplication of the PGPR. These findings show the high potential of using PGPR along with a combination of organic and chemical fertilisers for improving ratoon crop productivity in sugarcane.
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Wang, Mengjiao, and Xinlong Yang. "Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on blueberry growth and rhizosphere soil microenvironment." PeerJ 12 (February 26, 2024): e16992. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16992.
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Background Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have a specific symbiotic relationship with plants and rhizosphere soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PGPR on blueberry plant growth, rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microbial community. Methods In this study, nine PGPR strains, belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Buttiauxella, were selected and added into the soil in which the blueberry cuttings were planted. All the physiological indexes of the cuttings and all rhizospheric soil element contents were determined on day 6 after the quartic root irrigation experiments were completed. The microbial diversity in the soil was determined using high-throughput amplicon sequencing technology. The correlations between phosphorus solubilization, the auxin production of PGPR strains, and the physiological indexes of blueberry plants, and the correlation between rhizospheric microbial diversity and soil element contents were determined using the Pearson’s correlation, Kendall’s tau correlation and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis methods. Results The branch number, leaf number, chlorophyllcontentand plant height of the treated blueberry group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The rhizospheric soil element contents also increased after PGPR root irrigation. The rhizospheric microbial community structure changed significantly under the PGPR of root irrigation. The dominant phyla, except Actinomycetota, in the soil samples had the greatest correlation with phosphorus solubilization and the auxin production of PGPR strains. The branch number, leaf number, and chlorophyllcontent had a positive correlation with the phosphorus solubilization and auxin production of PGPR strains and soil element contents. In conclusion, plant growth could be promoted by the root irrigation of PGPR to improve rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microenvironment, with modification of the rhizospheric soil microbial community. Discussion Plant growth could be promoted by the root irrigation of PGPR to improve rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microenvironment, with the modification of the rhizospheric soil microbial community. These data may help us to better understand the positive effects of PGPR on blueberry growth and the rhizosphere soil microenvironment, as well as provide a research basis for the subsequent development of a rhizosphere-promoting microbial fertilizer.
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Griffin, Megan E., Mary K. Mullenix, D. W. Held, Russ B. Muntifering, and Sandra L. Dillard. "146 Evaluation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on stockpiled bermudagrass." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_1 (July 2019): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz053.082.
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Abstract Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are non-pathogenic, soil-inhabiting, beneficial bacteria that colonize the roots of plants. Some PGPR strains are reported to increase nutrient uptake and fix atmospheric N, which suggests that biofertilization with PGPR may provide an alternative to N fertilization for forage production. In mid-August 2017, a study was initiated to evaluate PGPR as an alternative form of N fertilization for fall-stockpiled bermudagrass. Eighteen 1-m2plots were mowed to a 2.5-cm stubble height prior to stockpiling. Two strains of PGPR (Blend 20 and DH44) were selected for evaluation based on performance in greenhouse trials. Treatments included: control, fertilizer, DH44, DH44+fertilizer, Blend 20, and Blend 20+fertilizer (n = 3).Two applications of PGPR were applied at the beginning of the stockpiling season and 30 d later. Ammonium sulfate was applied at 56 kg/ha during the first PGPR application. Plots were clipped to a height of 2.5 cm in mid-November, December, and January to determine yield and nutritive value. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) as a completely randomized design.Yield was greater (P ≤ 0.007) for Blend 20+fertilizer, DH44, and Blend 20 (695, 673, and 664 kg DM/ha, respectively) than the control (598 kg DM/ha). Forage DM yield differed among harvest dates, with Blend 20+Fertilizer having the highest yield in January (835 kg DM/ha). Blend 20+fertilizer, control, and fertilizer treatments had the greatest effect on CP concentration (9.1, 9.5, and 10.1%, respectively). Concentrations of NDF and ADF were greatest (P ≤ 0.01) for Blend 20, Blend 20+fertilizer, DH44, and fertilizer. Percentage IVTD decreased with the later harvests (46.1, 33.8, and 39.0% in November, December, and January, respectively); however, CP was unchanged across all harvests (P3 0.12). Overall, PGPR increased DM yield of stockpiled bermudagrass while maintaining forage nutritive value similar to commercial fertilizer.
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Damodaran, Thukkaram, Sunil Kumar Jha, Sangeeta Kumari, Garima Gupta, Vinay K. Mishra, Parbodh C. Sharma, Ram Gopal, Arjun Singh, and Hanuman S. Jat. "Development of Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Salt Stress Mitigation and Sustainable Tomato Production in Sodic Soils: An Enzyme Mechanism Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 5186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065186.
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Salt stress caused by sodic soils is an important constraint that impacts the production of crucial solanaceous vegetable crops globally. Halotolerant poly-extremophiles rhizobacteria can inhabit hostile environments like salinity, drought, etc. The present study was aimed to design a halotolerant micro-formulation using highly salt-tolerant bacterial strains previously isolated from salt-tolerant rice and wheat rhizosphere in sodic soil. Nine halotolerant isolates were examined for plant growth-promoting traits and biomass production in pot studies with sodic soil of pH 9.23 in tomato. Compatible, efficient isolates were aimed to be formulated into different consortia like PGPR-C1, PGPR-C2 and, PGPR-C3 for field evaluation in sodic soils of pH 9.14. Halotolerant rhizobacterial consortia (PGPR-C3) comprising Lysinibacillus spp. and Bacillus spp. were found to produce extracellular enzymes like amylase, protease, cellulase, and lipase, showing significantly enhanced vegetative parameters, yield and lycopene content of tomato hybrid NS585 under salt-stressed sodic soils. PGPR-C3 consortia also showed enhanced plant growth-promoting activities and halo tolerance like high Indole acetic acid production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, and antioxidative enzyme activity over the uninoculated control. Further, inoculation with PGPR-C3 consortia resulted in the efficient exclusion of Na+ ions from the rhizosphere through increased absorption of K+. Results of the study reveal that inoculation with PGPR-C3 consortia could alleviate the salt stress and promotes the successful cultivation of tomato crop in sodic soils. It can be considered the best option for eco-friendly, sustainable cultivation of vegetables like a tomato in sodic soils with a high pH range of up to 9.14.
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Habazar, Trimurti, Yulmira Yanti, , Reflinaldon, Yaherwandi, Chainur Rahman Nasution, and Srimano Felia. "IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED INDIGENOUS RHIZOBACTERIAL STRAINS AS BIOCONTROL AGENT OF BACTERIAL WILT DISEASE ON CHILI." Journal of Biopesticides 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.11.1.14-24.
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the important dangerous diseases in chili. Until now this disease has been difficult to control; while the bacteria attack the xylem vessel they cannot be reached by any bactericide. Biocontrol is potential for controlling this disease. One group of important biocontrol agents is the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Based on in planta screening method, we have found 13 indigenous rhizobacterial strains from healthy chili’s rhizosphere, which have the ability to control bacterial wilt and to increase growth and yield of chili. This research is aimed at characterizing the direct mechanisms of selected indigenous rhizobacterial strains as biocontrol agents of R. solanacearum in vitro. The physiological characters of indigenous rhizobacterial strains as biocontrol agents had been observed, including production of antibiotic, siderophore, HCN, haemolysine, protease, and biosurfactan. For root colonization rifampicin mutants of indigenous rhizobacterial strains had been the results of in vitro analysis showed that those selected rhizobacterial strains had various physiological characters as biocontrol agents. Not all biocontrol tested characters have been produced by indigenous rhizobacterial strains. Only RZ2.1AP4 strains showed the positive on 3 characters. All indigenous rhizobacterial strains produced biosurfactant but only Pseudomonas hibiscicola strain RZ1.1AG4 showed the highest viscosity. All rifampicin mutants of indigenous rhizobacterial strains have colonized chili roots on rhizoplane and in the root tissues (endophyte) from nursery until 9 days after planting. RZ2.1AP2 and Klebsiela michiganensis strain RZ1.3AG4 showed the highest bacterial population on chilli roots. The bacterial population was higher in root tissue (endophytes) than on the root surface (rhizoplane) from seedling stage until 9 days after transplanting.