Journal articles: 'Plant genome editing'

1

Langner, Thorsten, Sophien Kamoun, and Khaoula Belhaj. "CRISPR Crops: Plant Genome Editing Toward Disease Resistance." Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, no. 1 (August 25, 2018): 479–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050158.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome editing by sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) has revolutionized biology by enabling targeted modifications of genomes. Although routine plant genome editing emerged only a few years ago, we are already witnessing the first applications to improve disease resistance. In particular, CRISPR-Cas9 has democratized the use of genome editing in plants thanks to the ease and robustness of this method. Here, we review the recent developments in plant genome editing and its application to enhancing disease resistance against plant pathogens. In the future, bioedited disease resistant crops will become a standard tool in plant breeding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Li, Yizhen, Jing Liang, Bufang Deng, Yingli Jiang, Jingyan Zhu, Like Chen, Min Li, and Juan Li. "Applications and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Base Editing in Plant Breeding." Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 918–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020059.

Full text

Abstract:

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein 9 system (Cas9) has been used at length to optimize multiple aspects of germplasm resources. However, large-scale genomic research has indicated that novel variations in crop plants are attributed to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, substituting single bases into a plant genome may produce desirable traits. Gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9 techniques frequently results in insertions–deletions (indels). Base editing allows precise single-nucleotide changes in the genome in the absence of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and donor repair templates (DRTs). Therefore, BEs have provided a new way of thinking about genome editing, and base editing techniques are currently being utilized to edit the genomes of many different organisms. As traditional breeding techniques and modern molecular breeding technologies complement each other, various genome editing technologies have emerged. How to realize the greater potential of BE applications is the question we need to consider. Here, we explain various base editings such as CBEs, ABEs, and CGBEs. In addition, the latest applications of base editing technologies in agriculture are summarized, including crop yield, quality, disease, and herbicide resistance. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of base editing technologies are presented. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of BE in crop breeding to further improve BE and make the most of its value.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Oh, Youngbin, Hyeonjin Kim, and Sang-Gyu Kim. "Virus-induced plant genome editing." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 60 (April 2021): 101992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101992.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Huang, Yong, Meiqi Shang, Tingting Liu, and Kejian Wang. "High-throughput methods for genome editing: the more the better." Plant Physiology 188, no. 4 (February 3, 2022): 1731–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract During the last decade, targeted genome-editing technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) technologies, have permitted efficient targeting of genomes, thereby modifying these genomes to offer tremendous opportunities for deciphering gene function and engineering beneficial traits in many biological systems. As a powerful genome-editing tool, the CRISPR/Cas systems, combined with the development of next-generation sequencing and many other high-throughput techniques, have thus been quickly developed into a high-throughput engineering strategy in animals and plants. Therefore, here, we review recent advances in using high-throughput genome-editing technologies in animals and plants, such as the high-throughput design of targeted guide RNA (gRNA), construction of large-scale pooled gRNA, and high-throughput genome-editing libraries, high-throughput detection of editing events, and high-throughput supervision of genome-editing products. Moreover, we outline perspectives for future applications, ranging from medication using gene therapy to crop improvement using high-throughput genome-editing technologies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ricroch, Agnes E., Klaus Ammann, and Marcel Kuntz. "Editing EU legislation to fit plant genome editing." EMBO reports 17, no. 10 (September 14, 2016): 1365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embr.201643099.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zhang, Chao, Shanhe Liu, Xuan Li, Ruixuan Zhang, and Jun Li. "Virus-Induced Gene Editing and Its Applications in Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 10202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810202.

Full text

Abstract:

CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologies, which allow the precise manipulation of plant genomes, have revolutionized plant science and enabled the creation of germplasms with beneficial traits. In order to apply these technologies, CRISPR/Cas reagents must be delivered into plant cells; however, this is limited by tissue culture challenges. Recently, viral vectors have been used to deliver CRISPR/Cas reagents into plant cells. Virus-induced genome editing (VIGE) has emerged as a powerful method with several advantages, including high editing efficiency and a simplified process for generating gene-edited DNA-free plants. Here, we briefly describe CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing. We then focus on VIGE systems and the types of viruses used currently for CRISPR/Cas9 cassette delivery and genome editing. We also highlight recent applications of and advances in VIGE in plants. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential for VIGE in plants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Memon, Abdulrezzak. "CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing in Crop Plants." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, sp (January 5, 2022): 2396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9isp.2396-2400.4810.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, most genomic research has focused on genome editing methods to develop new technologies that could be easy, reliable, and feasible to edit plant genomes for highly productive agriculture. Genome editing is based on alternating a specific target DNA sequence by adding, replacing, and removing DNA bases. This newest technology called CRISPR/Cas9 seems to be less time-consuming, more effective and used in many research areas of plant genetic research. CRISPR/Cas9 systems have many advantages in comparison with ZFNs and TALENs and has been extensively used for genome editing to many crop plant species. Around 20 crop species are successfully worked out for trait improvements, for example, yield improvement, disease resistance, herbicide tolerance, and biotic and abiotic stress management. This review paper will overview recent advances in CRISPR/Cas genome editing research in detail. The main focus will be on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in plant genome research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ezura, Hiroshi, and Kenji Miura. "Genome editing technologies for plant physiology." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 131 (October 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Hua, Kai, Peijin Han, and Jian-Kang Zhu. "Improvement of base editors and prime editors advances precision genome engineering in plants." Plant Physiology 188, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 1795–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab591.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein (Cas)-mediated gene disruption has revolutionized biomedical research as well as plant and animal breeding. However, most disease-causing mutations and agronomically important genetic variations are single base polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) that require precision genome editing tools for correction of the sequences. Although homology-directed repair of double-stranded breaks (DSBs) can introduce precise changes, such repairs are inefficient in differentiated animal and plant cells. Base editing and prime editing are two recently developed genome engineering approaches that can efficiently introduce precise edits into target sites without requirement of DSB formation or donor DNA templates. They have been applied in several plant species with promising results. Here, we review the extensive literature on improving the efficiency, target scope, and specificity of base editors and prime editors in plants. We also highlight recent progress on base editing in plant organellar genomes and discuss how these precision genome editing tools are advancing basic plant research and crop breeding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Chen, Kunling, Yanpeng Wang, Rui Zhang, Huawei Zhang, and Caixia Gao. "CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing and Precision Plant Breeding in Agriculture." Annual Review of Plant Biology 70, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 667–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100049.

Full text

Abstract:

Enhanced agricultural production through innovative breeding technology is urgently needed to increase access to nutritious foods worldwide. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas genome editing enable efficient targeted modification in most crops, thus promising to accelerate crop improvement. Here, we review advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and its variants and examine their applications in plant genome editing and related manipulations. We highlight base-editing tools that enable targeted nucleotide substitutions and describe the various delivery systems, particularly DNA-free methods, that have linked genome editing with crop breeding. We summarize the applications of genome editing for trait improvement, development of techniques for fine-tuning gene regulation, strategies for breeding virus resistance, and the use of high-throughput mutant libraries. We outline future perspectives for genome editing in plant synthetic biology and domestication, advances in delivery systems, editing specificity, homology-directed repair, and gene drives. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for precision plant breeding and its bright future in agriculture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Songstad, D. D., J. F. Petolino, D. F. Voytas, and N. A. Reichert. "Genome Editing of Plants." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2017.1281663.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Shcherban, A. B. "Plant genome modification: from induced mutagenesis to genome editing." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 26, no. 7 (November 30, 2022): 684–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-22-83.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hassan, Md Mahmudul, Guoliang Yuan, Jin-Gui Chen, Gerald A. Tuskan, and Xiaohan Yang. "Prime Editing Technology and Its Prospects for Future Applications in Plant Biology Research." BioDesign Research 2020 (June 26, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/9350905.

Full text

Abstract:

Many applications in plant biology requires editing genomes accurately including correcting point mutations, incorporation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and introduction of multinucleotide insertion/deletions (indels) into a predetermined position in the genome. These types of modifications are possible using existing genome-editing technologies such as the CRISPR-Cas systems, which require induction of double-stranded breaks in the target DNA site and the supply of a donor DNA molecule that contains the desired edit sequence. However, low frequency of homologous recombination in plants and difficulty of delivering the donor DNA molecules make this process extremely inefficient. Another kind of technology known as base editing can perform precise editing; however, only certain types of modifications can be obtained, e.g., C/G-to-T/A and A/T-to-G/C. Recently, a new type of genome-editing technology, referred to as “prime editing,” has been developed, which can achieve various types of editing such as any base-to-base conversion, including both transitions (C→T, G→A, A→G, and T→C) and transversion mutations (C→A, C→G, G→C, G→T, A→C, A→T, T→A, and T→G), as well as small indels without the requirement for inducing double-stranded break in the DNA. Because prime editing has wide flexibility to achieve different types of edits in the genome, it holds a great potential for developing superior crops for various purposes, such as increasing yield, providing resistance to various abiotic and biotic stresses, and improving quality of plant product. In this review, we describe the prime editing technology and discuss its limitations and potential applications in plant biology research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Yin, Kangquan, and Jin-Long Qiu. "Genome editing for plant disease resistance: applications and perspectives." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1767 (January 14, 2019): 20180322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0322.

Full text

Abstract:

Diseases severely affect crop yield and quality, thereby threatening global food security. Genetic improvement of plant disease resistance is essential for sustainable agriculture. Genome editing has been revolutionizing plant biology and biotechnology by enabling precise, targeted genome modifications. Editing provides new methods for genetic improvement of plant disease resistance and accelerates resistance breeding. Here, we first summarize the challenges for breeding resistant crops. Next, we focus on applications of genome editing technology in generating plants with resistance to bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential of genome editing for breeding crops that present novel disease resistance in the future. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Zhao, Hui, and Jeffrey D. Wolt. "Risk associated with off-target plant genome editing and methods for its limitation." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170037.

Full text

Abstract:

Assessment for potential adverse effects of plant genome editing logically focuses on the specific characteristics of the derived phenotype and its release environment. Genome-edited crops, depending on the editing objective, can be classified as either indistinguishable from crops developed through conventional plant breeding or as crops which are transgenic. Therefore, existing regulatory regimes and risk assessment procedures accommodate genome-edited crops. The ability for regulators and the public to accept a product focus in the evaluation of genome-edited crops will depend on research which clarifies the precision of the genome-editing process and evaluates unanticipated off-target edits from the process. Interpretation of genome-wide effects of genome editing should adhere to existing frameworks for comparative risk assessment where the nature and degree of effects are considered relative to a baseline of genome-wide mutations as found in crop varieties developed through conventional breeding methods. Research addressing current uncertainties regarding unintended changes from plant genome editing, and adopting procedures that clearly avoid the potential for gene drive initiation, will help to clarify anticipated public and regulatory questions regarding risk of crops derived through genome editing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Xu, Rongfang, Juan Li, Xiaoshuang Liu, Tiaofeng Shan, Ruiying Qin, and Pengcheng Wei. "Development of Plant Prime-Editing Systems for Precise Genome Editing." Plant Communications 1, no. 3 (May 2020): 100043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100043.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Lee, Hongwoo, Cheljong Hong, Jaewoong Hwang, and Pil Joon Seo. "Go green with plant organelle genome editing." Molecular Plant 14, no. 9 (September 2021): 1415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2021.07.012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Zlobin, N. E., M. V. Lebedeva, V. V. Taranov, P. N. Kharchenko, and A. V. Babakov. "Plant genome editing by targeted nucleotide substitution." Biotekhnologiya 34, no. 6 (2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2018-34-6-59-68.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Kim, Sang-Gyu. "The way to true plant genome editing." Nature Plants 6, no. 7 (July 2020): 736–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0723-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Gao, Caixia. "Precision plant breeding using genome editing technologies." Transgenic Research 28, S2 (July 18, 2019): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-019-00132-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Hussain, Amjad, Xiao Ding, Muna Alariqi, Hakim Manghwar, Fengjiao Hui, Yapei Li, Junqi Cheng, Chenglin Wu, Jinlin Cao, and Shuangxia Jin. "Herbicide Resistance: Another Hot Agronomic Trait for Plant Genome Editing." Plants 10, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040621.

Full text

Abstract:

Weeds have continually interrupted crop plants since their domestication, leading to a greater yield loss compared to diseases and pests that necessitated the practice of weed control measures. The control of weeds is crucial to ensuring the availability of sufficient food for a rapidly increasing human population. Chemical weed control (herbicides) along with integrated weed management (IWM) practices can be the most effective and reliable method of weed management programs. The application of herbicides for weed control practices calls for the urgency to develop herbicide-resistant (HR) crops. Recently, genome editing tools, especially CRISPR-Cas9, have brought innovation in genome editing technology that opens up new possibilities to provide sustainable farming in modern agricultural industry. To date, several non-genetically modified (GM) HR crops have been developed through genome editing that can present a leading role to combat weed problems along with increasing crop productivity to meet increasing food demand around the world. Here, we present the chemical method of weed control, approaches for herbicide resistance development, and possible advantages and limitations of genome editing in herbicide resistance. We also discuss how genome editing would be effective in combating intensive weed problems and what would be the impact of genome-edited HR crops in agriculture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Razzaq, Ali, Fozia Saleem, Mehak Kanwal, Ghulam Mustafa, Sumaira Yousaf, Hafiz Muhammad Imran Arshad, Muhammad Khalid Hameed, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, and Faiz Ahmad Joyia. "Modern Trends in Plant Genome Editing: An Inclusive Review of the CRISPR/Cas9 Toolbox." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 4045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164045.

Full text

Abstract:

Increasing agricultural productivity via modern breeding strategies is of prime interest to attain global food security. An array of biotic and abiotic stressors affect productivity as well as the quality of crop plants, and it is a primary need to develop crops with improved adaptability, high productivity, and resilience against these biotic/abiotic stressors. Conventional approaches to genetic engineering involve tedious procedures. State-of-the-art OMICS approaches reinforced with next-generation sequencing and the latest developments in genome editing tools have paved the way for targeted mutagenesis, opening new horizons for precise genome engineering. Various genome editing tools such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), and meganucleases (MNs) have enabled plant scientists to manipulate desired genes in crop plants. However, these approaches are expensive and laborious involving complex procedures for successful editing. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9 is an entrancing, easy-to-design, cost-effective, and versatile tool for precise and efficient plant genome editing. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful tool for targeted mutagenesis, including single base substitution, multiplex gene editing, gene knockouts, and regulation of gene transcription in plants. Thus, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing has demonstrated great potential for crop improvement but regulation of genome-edited crops is still in its infancy. Here, we extensively reviewed the availability of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools for plant biotechnologists to target desired genes and its vast applications in crop breeding research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kuzmina, Y. V. "Methods of genome editing for increasing the shelf life of tomato fruit." Plant Biotechnology and Breeding 3, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-6266-2020-1-o6.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome editing methods are now widely used in research aimed at studying fundamental biological processes, in particular for regulating maturation and extending shelf life of plant agricultural products. This review briefly discusses plant genome editing methods and examples of their successful application for increasing the storage life of fruits of tomato as one of the most important crops. Genome editing is one of the new areas of genetic engineering that is truly revolutionary in biotechnology. Various genome editing systems have been developed over the past decades: zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly located short palindromic repeats recognized by Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9). The most common and widely used is the CRISPR/ Cas9 system, which has many advantages over other existing genome editing systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ran, Yidong, Zhen Liang, and Caixia Gao. "Current and future editing reagent delivery systems for plant genome editing." Science China Life Sciences 60, no. 5 (May 2017): 490–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-017-9022-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Songstad, David. "Special Issue on Genome Editing." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 57, no. 4 (August 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-021-10219-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Songstad, David. "Special Issue on Genome Editing." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 57, no. 4 (August 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-021-10219-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

van der Berg, Jan Pieter, Lianne M. S. Bouwman, Evy Battaglia, and Gijs A. Kleter. "Future-Proofing EU Legislation for Genome-Edited Plants: Dutch Stakeholders’ Views on Possible Ways Forward." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071331.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome editing is an emerging, new breeding technology with numerous potential applications in plant breeding. In Europe, genome editing is regarded, in legal terms, as a genetic modification technique, hence plants obtained using these methods fall under the legislation for genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Despite the opportunities that genome editing brings to the plant sector, it also poses challenges to the regulatory system. For example, the enforcement of labelling and traceability requirements for GM foods and feeds may be impossible for small genome edits that are indistinguishable from natural mutations. In order to discuss potential adaptations of EU legislation with stakeholders from the Dutch plant breeding sector, five different scenarios of future regulation of plants obtained by means of genome editing were elaborated. These scenarios were discussed in depth, along with the potential applications of genome editing in plant breeding, as well as challenges and opportunities. Stakeholders particularly indicated their preference for new, future-proof legislation in the long term, which will also include products of novel technologies. Finally, we discuss potential short-term amendments to current legislation, including the exemption of certain small mutations, that would make it align with regulation of genome edited plants in non-EU countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Husin, Bahagiawati Amir, Dani Satyawan, and Tri J. Santoso. "Genome-Edited Plants and the Challenges of Regulating Their Biosafety in Indonesia." Jurnal AgroBiogen 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v15n2.2019.p93-106.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Genome editing is a precise breeding technique to improve plant properties by editing specific genes that regulate desired trait. Genome editing techniques can be designed so that the resulting plant does not contain foreign genes and the resulting changes in DNA sequences cannot be distinguished from products obtained by conventional gene mutations which have been considered as safe and therefore unregulated. Thus, genome editing products in some countries are also not specifically regulated as GM products even though their assembly process uses recombinant DNA and genetic transformation. Brazil, like<br />Indonesia ratified the Cartagena Protocol, but it issued a special regulation that provides dispensation for several types of genome editing products and exempts them from regulations that apply to transgenic plants. The steps taken by other countries in regulating genome editing products can be taken into consideration in drafting regulations in Indonesia, in order to create a conducive environment that supports the use of this potential technology while at the same time provides assurance regarding its safety to human health and the environment. The purpose of this review was to provide information on<br />the development of genome editing technologies in plant breeding, analyze its risks compared to that of conventional breeding, and compare its biosafety regulation in various countries to provide some considerations for drafting regulations on the risk assessment of genome editing products in Indonesia, as a ratifying country of the Cartagena Protocol.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Yan, Fang, Jingwen Wang, Sujie Zhang, Zhenwan Lu, Shaofang Li, Zhiyuan Ji, Congfeng Song, et al. "CRISPR/FnCas12a-mediated efficient multiplex and iterative genome editing in bacterial plant pathogens without donor DNA templates." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): e1010961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010961.

Full text

Abstract:

CRISPR-based genome editing technology is revolutionizing prokaryotic research, but it has been rarely studied in bacterial plant pathogens. Here, we have developed a targeted genome editing method with no requirement of donor templates for convenient and efficient gene knockout in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), one of the most important bacterial pathogens on rice, by employing the heterologous CRISPR/Cas12a from Francisella novicida and NHEJ proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FnCas12a nuclease generated both small and large DNA deletions at the target sites as well as it enabled multiplex genome editing, gene cluster deletion, and plasmid curing in the Xoo PXO99A strain. Accordingly, a non-TAL effector-free polymutant strain PXO99AD25E, which lacks all 25 xop genes involved in Xoo pathogenesis, has been engineered through iterative genome editing. Whole-genome sequencing analysis indicated that FnCas12a did not have a noticeable off-target effect. In addition, we revealed that these strategies are also suitable for targeted genome editing in another bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). We believe that our bacterial genome editing method will greatly expand the CRISPR study on microorganisms and advance our understanding of the physiology and pathogenesis of Xoo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Wada, Naoki, Keishi Osakabe, and Yuriko Osakabe. "Expanding the plant genome editing toolbox with recently developed CRISPR–Cas systems." Plant Physiology 188, no. 4 (January 31, 2022): 1825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac027.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Since its first appearance, CRISPR–Cas9 has been developed extensively as a programmable genome-editing tool, opening a new era in plant genome engineering. However, CRISPR–Cas9 still has some drawbacks, such as limitations of the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence, target specificity, and the large size of the cas9 gene. To combat invading bacterial phages and plasmid DNAs, bacteria and archaea have diverse and unexplored CRISPR–Cas systems, which have the potential to be developed as a useful genome editing tools. Recently, discovery and characterization of additional CRISPR–Cas systems have been reported. Among them, several CRISPR–Cas systems have been applied successfully to plant and human genome editing. For example, several groups have achieved genome editing using CRISPR–Cas type I-D and type I-E systems, which had never been applied for genome editing previously. In addition to higher specificity and recognition of different PAM sequences, recently developed CRISPR–Cas systems often provide unique characteristics that differ from well-known Cas proteins such as Cas9 and Cas12a. For example, type I CRISPR–Cas10 induces small indels and bi-directional long-range deletions ranging up to 7.2 kb in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Type IV CRISPR–Cas13 targets RNA, not double-strand DNA, enabling highly specific knockdown of target genes. In this article, we review the development of CRISPR–Cas systems, focusing especially on their application to plant genome engineering. Recent CRISPR–Cas tools are helping expand our plant genome engineering toolbox.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Mushtaq, Muntazir, Aejaz Ahmad Dar, Milan Skalicky, Anshika Tyagi, Nancy Bhagat, Umer Basu, Basharat Ahmad Bhat, et al. "CRISPR-Based Genome Editing Tools: Insights into Technological Breakthroughs and Future Challenges." Genes 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060797.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome-editing (GE) is having a tremendous influence around the globe in the life science community. Among its versatile uses, the desired modifications of genes, and more importantly the transgene (DNA)-free approach to develop genetically modified organism (GMO), are of special interest. The recent and rapid developments in genome-editing technology have given rise to hopes to achieve global food security in a sustainable manner. We here discuss recent developments in CRISPR-based genome-editing tools for crop improvement concerning adaptation, opportunities, and challenges. Some of the notable advances highlighted here include the development of transgene (DNA)-free genome plants, the availability of compatible nucleases, and the development of safe and effective CRISPR delivery vehicles for plant genome editing, multi-gene targeting and complex genome editing, base editing and prime editing to achieve more complex genetic engineering. Additionally, new avenues that facilitate fine-tuning plant gene regulation have also been addressed. In spite of the tremendous potential of CRISPR and other gene editing tools, major challenges remain. Some of the challenges are related to the practical advances required for the efficient delivery of CRISPR reagents and for precision genome editing, while others come from government policies and public acceptance. This review will therefore be helpful to gain insights into technological advances, its applications, and future challenges for crop improvement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Fey, J., J. H. Weil, K. Tomita, A. Cosset, A. Dietrich, I. Small, and L. Maréchal-Drouard. "Editing of plant mitochondrial transfer RNAs." Acta Biochimica Polonica 48, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2001_3923.

Full text

Abstract:

Editing in plant mitochondria consists in C to U changes and mainly affects messenger RNAs, thus providing the correct genetic information for the biosynthesis of mitochondrial (mt) proteins. But editing can also affect some of the plant mt tRNAs encoded by the mt genome. In dicots, a C to U editing event corrects a C:A mismatch into a U:A base-pair in the acceptor stem of mt tRNAPhe (GAA). In larch mitochondria, three C to U editing events restore U:A base-pairs in the acceptor stem, D stem and anticodon stem, respectively, of mt tRNAHis (GUG). For both these mt tRNAs editing of the precursors is a prerequisite for their processing into mature tRNAs. In potato mt tRNACys (GCA), editing converts a C28:U42 mismatch in the anticodon stem into a U28:U42 non-canonical base-pair, and reverse transcriptase minisequencing has shown that the mature mt tRNACys is fully edited. In the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha this U residue is encoded in the mt genome and evolutionary studies suggest that restoration of the U28 residue is necessary when it is not encoded in the gene. However, in vitro studies have shown that neither processing of the precursor nor aminoacylation of tRNACys requires C to U editing at this position. But sequencing of the purified mt tRNACys has shown that psi is present at position 28, indicating that C to U editing is a prerequisite for the subsequent isomerization of U into psi at position 28.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Gaba, Yashika, Ashwani Pareek, and Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek. "Raising Climate-Resilient Crops: Journey From the Conventional Breeding to New Breeding Approaches." Current Genomics 22, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202922666210928151247.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: In order to meet the demands of the ever-increasing human population, it has become necessary to raise climate-resilient crops. Plant breeding, which involves crossing and selecting superior gene pools, has contributed tremendously towards achieving this goal during the past few decades. The relatively newer methods of crop improvement based on genetic engineering are relatively simple, and targets can be achieved in an expeditious manner. More recently emerged genome editing technique using CRISPR has raised strong hopes among plant scientists for precise integration of valuable traits and removal of undesirable ones. Conclusion: Genome editing using Site-Specific Nucleases (SSNs) is a good alternative to the plant breeding and genetic engineering approaches as it can modify the genomes specifically and precisely at the target site in the host genome. Another added advantage of the genome editing approach is the simpler biosafety regulations that have been adopted by many countries for commercialization of the products thus generated. This review provides a critical assessment of the available methods for improving the stress tolerance in crop plants. Special emphasis has been given on genome editing approach in light of the diversity of tools, which are being discovered on an everyday basis and the practical applications of the same. This information will serve as a beginner’s guide to initiate the crop improvement programs as well as giving technical insight to the expert to plan the research strategically to tackle even multigenic traits in crop plants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Montecillo, Jake Adolf V., Luan Luong Chu, and Hanhong Bae. "CRISPR-Cas9 System for Plant Genome Editing: Current Approaches and Emerging Developments." Agronomy 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10071033.

Full text

Abstract:

Targeted genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 has been widely adopted as a genetic engineering tool in various biological systems. This editing technology has been in the limelight due to its simplicity and versatility compared to other previously known genome editing platforms. Several modifications of this editing system have been established for adoption in a variety of plants, as well as for its improved efficiency and portability, bringing new opportunities for the development of transgene-free improved varieties of economically important crops. This review presents an overview of CRISPR-Cas9 and its application in plant genome editing. A catalog of the current and emerging approaches for the implementation of the system in plants is also presented with details on the existing gaps and limitations. Strategies for the establishment of the CRISPR-Cas9 molecular construct such as the selection of sgRNAs, PAM compatibility, choice of promoters, vector architecture, and multiplexing approaches are emphasized. Progress in the delivery and transgene detection methods, together with optimization approaches for improved on-target efficiency are also detailed in this review. The information laid out here will provide options useful for the effective and efficient exploitation of the system for plant genome editing and will serve as a baseline for further developments of the system. Future combinations and fine-tuning of the known parameters or factors that contribute to the editing efficiency, fidelity, and portability of CRISPR-Cas9 will indeed open avenues for new technological advancements of the system for targeted gene editing in plants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Matchett-Oates, L., S. Braich, G. C. Spangenberg, S. Rochfort, and N. O. I. Cogan. "In silico analysis enabling informed design for genome editing in medicinal cannabis; gene families and variant characterisation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 22, 2021): e0257413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257413.

Full text

Abstract:

Background Cannabis has been used worldwide for centuries for industrial, recreational and medicinal use, however, to date no successful attempts at editing genes involved in cannabinoid biosynthesis have been reported. This study proposes and develops an in silico best practices approach for the design and implementation of genome editing technologies in cannabis to target all genes involved in cannabinoid biosynthesis. Results A large dataset of reference genomes was accessed and mined to determine copy number variation and associated SNP variants for optimum target edit sites for genotype independent editing. Copy number variance and highly polymorphic gene sequences exist in the genome making genome editing using CRISPR, Zinc Fingers and TALENs technically difficult. Evaluation of allele or additional gene copies was determined through nucleotide and amino acid alignments with comparative sequence analysis performed. From determined gene copy number and presence of SNPs, multiple online CRISPR design tools were used to design sgRNA targeting every gene, accompanying allele and homologs throughout all involved pathways to create knockouts for further investigation. Universal sgRNA were designed for highly homologous sequences using MultiTargeter and visualised using Sequencher, creating unique sgRNA avoiding SNP and shared nucleotide locations targeting optimal edit sites. Conclusions Using this framework, the approach has wider applications to all plant species regardless of ploidy number or highly homologous gene sequences. Significance statement Using this framework, a best-practice approach to genome editing is possible in all plant species, including cannabis, delivering a comprehensive in silico evaluation of the cannabinoid pathway diversity from a large set of whole genome sequences. Identification of SNP variants across all genes could improve genome editing potentially leading to novel applications across multiple disciplines, including agriculture and medicine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Joseph Ikwebe and Job Itanyi Onuche. "A review of the applications of CRISPR/Cas systems in crops and postharvest losses of agricultural produce." Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (September 30, 2022): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2022.6.1.0050.

Full text

Abstract:

CRISPR/Cas systems are the third-generation genome editing systems, which appeared in 2012 and quickly became a superstar in genome editing tools because of their great simplicity and usability compared to with ZFN and TALEN. CRISPR/Cas was originally identified as an effective acquired immune system in bacteria against virus infection and relies on RNA–DNA binding to achieve sequence specificity in genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 system has become widely used in plants for characterizing gene function and crop improvement. Crops such as tomato, rice, banana and wheat are excellent model plants for biological research and are most important applied plants for genome editing. Genome editing has also been applied in plant breeding for improving fruit yield and quality, increasing stress resistance, accelerating the domestication of wild tomato, and recently customizing tomato cultivars for urban agriculture. In addition, genome editing is continuously innovating, and several new genome editing systems such as the recent prime editing, a breakthrough in precise genome editing, have recently been applied in plants. In this review, the advances in applications of CRISPR/Cas systems genome editing technology to enhance specific features in plants in order to mitigate postharvest losses and wastes are summarized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Pausch, Patrick, Basem Al-Shayeb, Ezra Bisom-Rapp, Connor A. Tsuchida, Zheng Li, Brady F. Cress, Gavin J. Knott, Steven E. Jacobsen, Jillian F. Banfield, and Jennifer A. Doudna. "CRISPR-CasΦ from huge phages is a hypercompact genome editor." Science 369, no. 6501 (July 16, 2020): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb1400.

Full text

Abstract:

CRISPR-Cas systems are found widely in prokaryotes, where they provide adaptive immunity against virus infection and plasmid transformation. We describe a minimal functional CRISPR-Cas system, comprising a single ~70-kilodalton protein, CasΦ, and a CRISPR array, encoded exclusively in the genomes of huge bacteriophages. CasΦ uses a single active site for both CRISPR RNA (crRNA) processing and crRNA-guided DNA cutting to target foreign nucleic acids. This hypercompact system is active in vitro and in human and plant cells with expanded target recognition capabilities relative to other CRISPR-Cas proteins. Useful for genome editing and DNA detection but with a molecular weight half that of Cas9 and Cas12a genome-editing enzymes, CasΦ offers advantages for cellular delivery that expand the genome editing toolbox.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Rukavtsova, Elena B., Natalia S. Zakharchenko, Vadim G. Lebedev, and Konstantin A. Shestibratov. "CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing for Horticultural Crops Improvement: Advantages and Prospects." Horticulturae 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010038.

Full text

Abstract:

Horticultural plants, in particular fruit trees, berry crops, and ornamentals, are valuable objects for studying their genetic and biochemical properties. Along with traditional methods of studying these plants, modern molecular genetic technologies are emerging, in particular genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases. In this review, we have analyzed modern advances in genome editing of horticultural plants. To date, it has become possible to improve many plant characteristics using this technology, e.g., making plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stress factors, changing the time of flowering and fruit ripening, changing the growth characteristics of plants, as well as the taste properties of their fruits. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been successfully carried out for many horticultural plants. Dozens of genes from these plants have been modified by means of genome editing technology. We have considered the main ways of delivering genetic constructs to plants as well as limitations that complicate the editing of target genes. The article reviews the prospects of using genome editing to improve the valuable properties of plants important to humans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Regmi, R., B. Bhusal, P. Neupane, K. Bhattarai, B. Maharjan, S. Acharya, K. C. Bigyan, P. Rishav, R. P. Mainali, and M. R. Poudel. "GENOME EDITING TECHNOLOGY IN PLANT BREEDING: A REVIEW." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 113, no. 5 (May 26, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-05.15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Yadav, Lokesh, Promil Kapoor, and Ashwani Kumar. "Genome Editing: Methods and Application in Plant Pathology." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 05 (May 10, 2019): 1301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.805.149.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ji, Xiang, Bing Yang, and Daowen Wang. "Achieving Plant Genome Editing While Bypassing Tissue Culture." Trends in Plant Science 25, no. 5 (May 2020): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.02.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Li, Zhenxiang, Xiangyu Xiong, and Jian-Feng Li. "New cytosine base editor for plant genome editing." Science China Life Sciences 61, no. 12 (November 11, 2018): 1602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-018-9416-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Veillet, Florian, Laura Perrot, Anouchka Guyon-Debast, Marie-Paule Kermarrec, Laura Chauvin, Jean-Eric Chauvin, Jean-Luc Gallois, Marianne Mazier, and Fabien Nogué. "Expanding the CRISPR Toolbox in P. patens Using SpCas9-NG Variant and Application for Gene and Base Editing in Solanaceae Crops." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031024.

Full text

Abstract:

Genome editing has become a major tool for both functional studies and plant breeding in several species. Besides generating knockouts through the classical CRISPR-Cas9 system, recent development of CRISPR base editing holds great and exciting opportunities for the production of gain-of-function mutants. The PAM requirement is a strong limitation for CRISPR technologies such as base editing, because the base substitution mainly occurs in a small edition window. As precise single amino-acid substitution can be responsible for functions associated to some domains or agronomic traits, development of Cas9 variants with relaxed PAM recognition is of upmost importance for gene function analysis and plant breeding. Recently, the SpCas9-NG variant that recognizes the NGN PAM has been successfully tested in plants, mainly in monocotyledon species. In this work, we studied the efficiency of SpCas9-NG in the model moss Physcomitrella patens and two Solanaceae crops (Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum tuberosum) for both classical CRISPR-generated gene knock-out and cytosine base editing. We showed that the SpCas9-NG greatly expands the scope of genome editing by allowing the targeting of non-canonical NGT and NGA PAMs. The CRISPR toolbox developed in our study opens up new gene function analysis and plant breeding perspectives for model and crop plants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Haroon, Muhammad, Xiukang Wang, Rabail Afzal, Muhammad Mubashar Zafar, Fahad Idrees, Maria Batool, Abdul Saboor Khan, and Muhammad Imran. "Novel Plant Breeding Techniques Shake Hands with Cereals to Increase Production." Plants 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11081052.

Full text

Abstract:

Cereals are the main source of human food on our planet. The ever-increasing food demand, continuously changing environment, and diseases of cereal crops have made adequate production a challenging task for feeding the ever-increasing population. Plant breeders are striving their hardest to increase production by manipulating conventional breeding methods based on the biology of plants, either self-pollinating or cross-pollinating. However, traditional approaches take a decade, space, and inputs in order to make crosses and release improved varieties. Recent advancements in genome editing tools (GETs) have increased the possibility of precise and rapid genome editing. New GETs such as CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cpf1, prime editing, base editing, dCas9 epigenetic modification, and several other transgene-free genome editing approaches are available to fill the lacuna of selection cycles and limited genetic diversity. Over the last few years, these technologies have led to revolutionary developments and researchers have quickly attained remarkable achievements. However, GETs are associated with various bottlenecks that prevent the scaling development of new varieties that can be dealt with by integrating the GETs with the improved conventional breeding methods such as speed breeding, which would take plant breeding to the next level. In this review, we have summarized all these traditional, molecular, and integrated approaches to speed up the breeding procedure of cereals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Hamdan, Mohd Fadhli, Chou Khai Soong Karlson, Ee Yang Teoh, Su-Ee Lau, and Boon Chin Tan. "Genome Editing for Sustainable Crop Improvement and Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses." Plants 11, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11192625.

Full text

Abstract:

Climate change poses a serious threat to global agricultural activity and food production. Plant genome editing technologies have been widely used to develop crop varieties with superior qualities or can tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Unlike conventional breeding techniques (e.g., selective breeding and mutation breeding), modern genome editing tools offer more targeted and specific alterations of the plant genome and could significantly speed up the progress of developing crops with desired traits, such as higher yield and/or stronger resilience to the changing environment. In this review, we discuss the current development and future applications of genome editing technologies in mitigating the impacts of biotic and abiotic stresses on agriculture. We focus specifically on the CRISPR/Cas system, which has been the center of attention in the last few years as a revolutionary genome-editing tool in various species. We also conducted a bibliographic analysis on CRISPR-related papers published from 2012 to 2021 (10 years) to identify trends and potential in the CRISPR/Cas-related plant research. In addition, this review article outlines the current shortcomings and challenges of employing genome editing technologies in agriculture with notes on future prospective. We believe combining conventional and more innovative technologies in agriculture would be the key to optimizing crop improvement beyond the limitations of traditional agricultural practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Alok, Anshu, Hanny Chauhan, Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, Ashutosh Pandey, Jitendra Kumar, and Kashmir Singh. "Compendium of Plant-Specific CRISPR Vectors and Their Technical Advantages." Life 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101021.

Full text

Abstract:

CRISPR/Cas mediated genome editing is a revolutionary approach for manipulating the plant genome. However, the success of this technology is highly dependent on selection of a specific vector and the other components. A plant-specific CRISPR/Cas vector usually consists of a Cas gene, target-specific gRNA, leader sequence, selectable marker gene, precise promoters, and other accessories. It has always been challenging to select the specific vector for each study due to a lack of comprehensive information on CRISPR vectors in one place. Herein, we have discussed every technical aspect of various important elements that will be highly useful in vector selection and efficient editing of the desired plant genome. Various factors such as the promoter regulating the expression of Cas and gRNA, gRNA size, Cas variants, multicistronic gRNA, and vector backbone, etc. influence transformation and editing frequency. For example, the use of polycistronic tRNA-gRNA, and Csy4-gRNA has been documented to enhance the editing efficiency. Similarly, the selection of an efficient selectable marker is also a very important factor. Information on the availability of numerous variants of Cas endonucleases, such as Cas9, Cas12a, Cas12b, Casɸ, and CasMINI, etc., with diverse recognition specificities further broadens the scope of editing. The development of chimeric proteins such as Cas fused to cytosine or adenosine deaminase domain and modified reverse transcriptase using protein engineering enabled base and prime editing, respectively. In addition, the newly discovered Casɸ and CasMINI would increase the scope of genetic engineering in plants by being smaller Cas variants. All advancements would contribute to the development of various tools required for gene editing, targeted gene insertion, transcriptional activation/suppression, multiplexing, prime editing, base editing, and gene tagging. This review will serve as an encyclopedia for plant-specific CRISPR vectors and will be useful for researchers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

ZEB, Aqib, Shakeel AHMAD, Javaria TABBASUM, Zhonghua SHENG, and Peisong HU. "Rice grain yield and quality improvement via CRISPR/Cas9 system: an updated review." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 50, no. 3 (September 12, 2022): 12388. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha50312388.

Full text

Abstract:

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple food crop worldwide. To meet the growing nutritional requirements of the increasing population in the face of climate change, qualitative and quantitative traits of rice need to be improved. During recent years, genome editing has played a great role in the development of superior varieties of grain crops. Genome editing and speed breeding have improved the accuracy and pace of rice breeding. New breeding technologies including genome editing have been established in rice, expanding the potential for crop improvement. Over a decade, site-directed mutagenesis tools like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN), Transcriptional activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) System were used and have played a great role in rice yield and quality enhancement. In addition, most recently other genome editing techniques like prime editing and base editors have also been used for efficient genome editing in rice. Since rice is an excellent model system for functional studies due to its small genome and close synthetic relationships with other cereal crops, new genome-editing technologies continue to be developed for use in rice. Genomic alteration employing genome editing technologies (GETs) like CRISPR/Cas9 for reverse genetics has opened new avenues in agricultural sciences such as rice yield and grain quality improvement. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology is widely used by researchers for genome editing to achieve the desired biological objectives, because of its simple targeting, easy-to-design, cost-effective, and versatile tool for precise and efficient plant genome editing. Over the past few years many genes related to rice grain quality and yield enhancement have been successfully edited via CRISPR/Cas9 technology method to cater to the growing demand for food worldwide. The effectiveness of these methods is being verified by the researchers and crop scientists worldwide. In this review we focus on genome-editing tools for rice improvement to address the progress made and provide examples of genome editing in rice. We also discuss safety concerns and methods for obtaining transgene-free crops.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zhang, Yingxiao, and Yiping Qi. "Diverse Systems for Efficient Sequence Insertion and Replacement in Precise Plant Genome Editing." BioDesign Research 2020 (July 28, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/8659064.

Full text

Abstract:

CRISPR-mediated genome editing has been widely applied in plants to make uncomplicated genomic modifications including gene knockout and base changes. However, the introduction of many genetic variants related to valuable agronomic traits requires complex and precise DNA changes. Different CRISPR systems have been developed to achieve efficient sequence insertion and replacement but with limited success. A recent study has significantly improved NHEJ- and HDR-mediated sequence insertion and replacement using chemically modified donor templates. Together with other newly developed precise editing systems, such as prime editing and CRISPR-associated transposases, these technologies will provide new avenues to further the plant genome editing field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Yanagawa, Yuki, Kasumi Takeuchi, Masaki Endo, Ayako Furutani, Hirokazu Ochiai, Seiichi Toki, and Ichiro Mitsuhara. "I-SceI Endonuclease-Mediated Plant Genome Editing by Protein Transport through a Bacterial Type III Secretion System." Plants 9, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091070.

Full text

Abstract:

Xanthomonas campestris is one of bacteria carrying a type III secretion system which transports their effector proteins into host plant cells to disturb host defense system for their infection. To establish a genome editing system without introducing any foreign gene, we attempted to introduce genome editing enzymes through the type III secretion system. In a test of protein transfer, X. campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) transported a considerable amount of a reporter protein sGFP-CyaA into tobacco plant cells under the control of the type III secretion system while maintaining cell viability. For proof of concept for genome editing, we used a reporter tobacco plant containing a luciferase (LUC) gene interrupted by a meganuclease I-SceI recognition sequence; this plant exhibits chemiluminescence of LUC only when a frameshift mutation is introduced at the I-SceI recognition site. Luciferase signal was observed in tobacco leaves infected by Xcc carrying an I-SceI gene which secretes I-SceI protein through the type III system, but not leaves infected by Xcc carrying a vector control. Genome-edited tobacco plant could be regenerated from a piece of infected leaf piece by repeated selection of LUC positive calli. Sequence analysis revealed that the regenerated tobacco plant possessed a base deletion in the I-SceI recognition sequence that activated the LUC gene, indicating genome editing by I-SceI protein transferred through the type III secretion system of Xcc.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Tay Fernandez, Cassandria G., Benjamin J. Nestor, Monica F. Danilevicz, Jacob I. Marsh, Jakob Petereit, Philipp E. Bayer, Jacqueline Batley, and David Edwards. "Expanding Gene-Editing Potential in Crop Improvement with Pangenomes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042276.

Full text

Abstract:

Pangenomes aim to represent the complete repertoire of the genome diversity present within a species or cohort of species, capturing the genomic structural variance between individuals. This genomic information coupled with phenotypic data can be applied to identify genes and alleles involved with abiotic stress tolerance, disease resistance, and other desirable traits. The characterisation of novel structural variants from pangenomes can support genome editing approaches such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR associated protein Cas (CRISPR-Cas), providing functional information on gene sequences and new target sites in variant-specific genes with increased efficiency. This review discusses the application of pangenomes in genome editing and crop improvement, focusing on the potential of pangenomes to accurately identify target genes for CRISPR-Cas editing of plant genomes while avoiding adverse off-target effects. We consider the limitations of applying CRISPR-Cas editing with pangenome references and potential solutions to overcome these limitations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Plant genome editing'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles