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1
Amin, Muhammad Nasir, Waqas Ahmad, Kaffayatullah Khan, and Ayaz Ahmad. "A Comprehensive Review of Types, Properties, Treatment Methods and Application of Plant Fibers in Construction and Building Materials." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124362.
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Sustainable development involves the usage of alternative sustainable materials in order to sustain the excessive depletion of natural resources. Plant fibers, as a “green” material, are progressively gaining the attention of various researchers in the field of construction for their potential use in composites for stepping towards sustainable development. This study aims to provide a scientometric review of the summarized background of plant fibers and their applications as construction and building materials. Studies from the past two decades are summarized. Quantitative assessment of research progress is made by using connections and maps between bibliometric data that are compiled for the analysis of plant fibers using Scopus. Data refinement techniques are also used. Plant fibers are potentially used to enhance the mechanical properties of a composite. It is revealed from the literature that plant-fiber-reinforced composites have comparable properties in comparison to composites reinforced with artificial/steel fibers for civil engineering applications, such as construction materials, bridge piers, canal linings, soil reinforcement, pavements, acoustic treatment, insulation materials, etc. However, the biodegradable nature of plant fibers is still a hindrance to their application as a structural material. For this purpose, different surface and chemical treatment methods have been proposed in past studies to improve their durability. It can be surmised from the gathered data that the compressive and flexural strengths of plant-fiber-reinforced cementitious composites are increased by up to 43% and 67%, respectively, with respect to a reference composite. In the literature, alkaline treatment has been reported as an effective and economical method for treating plant fibers. Environmental degradation due to excessive consumption of natural resources and fossil fuels for the construction industry, along with the burning of waste plant fibers, can be reduced by incorporating said fibers in cementitious composites to reduce landfill pollution and, ultimately, achieve sustainable development.
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Jaturonlux, Noppanat, and Thanate Ratanawilai. "PERFORMANCE OF WOOD COMPOSITES WITH NATURAL FIBER AS SOUND ABSORBER OF BUILDING MATERIALS." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (May 29, 2023): 010220(1–10). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-02-e02017.
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Natural fibers are an alternative to reduce the use of synthetic materials in acoustic products. Such fibers have the benefits of being inexpensive, environmentally benign, biodegradable, and safe for human health. The influence on sound absorption coefficient of different natural fibers including rubberwood, coconut coir, and oil palm empty fruit bunches was investigated. The samples were composed of three kinds of natural fibers, three different fiber sizes, and two different kinds of adhesives. The porosity values of the samples were found in the range of 4.58-8.84% whereas the lowest water absorption value was found on the sample with rubberwood fiber in the range of 57.62-127.83%. Impedance tube testing was used for the sound absorption tests following ISO 10534-2. The experimental result revealed that the natural fibers have good performance associated with the fiber length. The longer fiber performs the better sound absorption than that of the short fiber. All kinds of natural fiber plates tested had sound absorption of 50% above 3.5 kHz whereas the oil palm fiber gave the highest absorption coefficient at 95%. The fiber size fraction approved that those fibers could improve the peak values of sound absorption. The small fiber size gave higher peak values than that of the large fiber size. The type of adhesive influences sound absorption coefficient on the sample with small fiber size (80 mesh) than that of the large fiber size (40 mesh). The output of this study reveals the waste plant fibers could adopt to develop sound absorber building materials.
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Bittner, Can Mark, and Vincent Oettel. "Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Natural Plant Fibers—Investigations on the Application of Bamboo Fibers in Ultra-High Performance Concrete." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 12011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912011.
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Natural plant fibers represent a sustainable alternative to conventional fiber reinforcement materials in cementitious materials due to their suitable mechanical properties, cost-effective availability and principle carbon neutrality. Due to its high tensile strength and stiffness as well as its worldwide distribution along with rapid growth, bamboo offers itself in particular as a plant fiber source. In experimental studies on concrete beams reinforced with plant fibers, a positive influence of the fibers on the flexural behavior was observed. However, the load-bearing effect of the fibers was limited by the poor bond, which can be attributed, among other things, to the swelling behavior of the fibers. In addition, the plant fibers degrade in the alkaline environment of many cementitious building materials. In order to improve the bond and to limit the alkalinity and to increase the durability, the use of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) offers itself. Since no tests have been carried out, investigations on the flexural behavior of UHPC with bamboo fibers were carried out at the Institute of Concrete Construction of Leibniz University Hannover. The test results show a significantly improved load-bearing behavior of the fibers and the enormous potential of the combination of UHPC and bamboo fibers.
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Yadav, Deepshikha, G. P. Singh, Suman Nehra, Manoj S. Shekhawat, and Akshay Joshi. "Thermo-Physical Analysis of natural fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde biodegradable composites." Journal of Condensed Matter 1, no. 02 (December 1, 2023): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.61343/jcm.v1i02.12.
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Natural fiber reinforced composites are composite materials which contain reinforced fibers from natural sources. Natural fiber composites can provide an effective and renewable solution for environment-friendly construction materials. For example, building insulation materials which are made of natural fibers can improve energy efficiency and reduce material waste generation. The fibers used in these composites are extracted mainly from plant sources such as bamboo, jute, sisal, and flax. Natural fibers have excellent mechanical and energy-dampening properties, making them ideal for manufacturers looking to replace traditional synthetic fiber reinforcements. They are also gaining popularity as replacements for plastic and metal components in many consumer goods. In this paper desert plant prosopis juliflora fibers were used as reinforcement in phenol formaldehyde resin to make composites. TGA, DSC and DMA were performed to analyze the change in thermal stability and mechanical properties of the prosopis juliflora fiber reinforced phenol formaldehyde composites. The alkali-treated fibers were prepared by immersing the PJ fibers in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution for 24 hours. The fibers were washed and dried before being mixed with the phenol formaldehyde resin. The composites were prepared with untreated and alkali-treated reinforced fibers. All specimens were left to cure at room temperature over night.
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yadav, Deepshikha, and G. P. Singh. "Investigations on Alkali Treated Modified Fibers of Desert Plant Prosopis juliflora." Current World Environment 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.36.
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The development of natural fiber reinforced composite material is increasing at very fast rate due to their eco-friendly and biodegradable nature. NFCs natural fiber reinforced composites have various properties such as low cost, low density, recyclability, renewability and good physical and mechanical strength. NFCs have wide range of applications such as in automobile, sports, aerospace, marine, home appliances and in building construction. In this paper we used prosopis juliflora desert plant fibers as a filler to make biodegradable composites and alkali treatment was done to modification of fiber in order to make high strength composites materials. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption tests, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), this paper examines the effects of surface modification on the fibers. By conducting SEM analysis it has been observed that the chemical treatment of fibers can improve adhesion of the composites. Water absorption test concluded that due to the higher porosity and better surface energy of the treated fiber it had a higher rate of water absorption than the untreated fibers. FTIR results concluded that due to more crystalline structure and more ordered structure crystallinity index of the treated fibers increases compared to untreated fibers. FTIR results proves that TCI total crystallinity index and the LOI lateral order index is high for PJ treated fibers as compared to untreated PJ fibers.
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Sadouri, Reda, Hocine Kebir, and Mustafa Benyoucef. "Enhancing mechanical properties and crack resistance of earth-sand building materials through alfa fiber reinforcement: An experimental investigation." Gradjevinski materijali i konstrukcije, no. 00 (2024): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/grmk2300015r.
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This paper investigates enhancing the mechanical properties and crack resistance of earth-sand building materials by incorporating Alfa fibers, derived from the Alfa plant. Earth-based construction materials, known for their sustainability, face challenges in mechanical performance and cracking. The study explores a composite of earth (60 wt%) and sand (40 wt%) reinforced with Alfa fibers of varying lengths and rates. Tensile strength and water absorption of the fibers were assessed, and prismatic specimens (40x40x160 mm3 ) with different cutting lengths were tested. Results inform the potential of Alfa fibers for improving earth-based material performance. Incorporating 2% wt of Alfa fibers reduced the unit weight of the composite from 1849 kg/m3 to 1632 kg/m3 , resulting in a slight material weight decrease. Compared to unreinforced adobe specimens, fibrous samples exhibited lower linear shrinkage rates and improved mechanical behavior, with 2% wt of 3 cm fibers showing optimal performance. The fibers effectively impeded crack propagation, with both length and content influencing crack attenuation. However, microstructural observation revealed poor fiber/matrix adhesion, negatively impacting adobe specimen compactness despite enhanced mechanical properties.
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K, Sakthi Vadivel, Vigneshwaran K, and Sivaraj C. "Study on The Mechanical Properties of Roselle Fiber and Palm Seed Powder Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composite." Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37255/jme.v16i1pp001-006.
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Recently, due to increasing environmental concerns, scientists and researchers have been replacing synthetic fibers with natural fibers as the main component in composites. Roselle is one suitable natural fiber. The plant’s history, physical description, cultural methods, and usages were explained to further understand this potential plant. It is clear that extensive research has been performed on the fiber extraction methods, properties, and possible surface treatments of Roselle fibers to enhance its properties in the manufacturing of natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites.Also Epoxy hybrid Palm Seed powder with Roselle fiber to strengthen the materials; however, no review has covered the properties and applications of Roselle fibers and palm seed powders in detail. Thus we have investigated Tensile, Impact, Flexural and Water absorption test of Roselle fiber and Palm Seed powder composite. Therefore, a study was performed on Roselle fiber to determine its potential to enable a better selection of materials to produce composites for potential applications in the construction and building, automotive, and aerospace industries.
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Ghanem, Hassan, Rawan Ramadan, Jamal Khatib, and Adel Elkordi. "Volume Stability and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste Containing Natural Fibers from Phragmites-Australis Plant at Elevated Temperature." Buildings 14, no. 4 (April 21, 2024): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14041170.
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The utilization of bio-fiber materials in building components has become imperative for improving sustainability, controlling global warming, addressing environmental concerns, and enhancing concrete properties. This study is part of a wide-range investigation on the use of Phragmites-Australis (PhA) fibers in construction and building materials. In this paper, the volume stability and mechanical properties of paste containing PhA fibers and exposed to high temperatures were investigated. Four mixes were made with 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% fibers by volume. To evaluate the volume stability and mechanical properties, the chemical shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, expansion, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, and flexural strength were tested. The curing duration and temperature were 180 days and 45 °C, respectively. The results indicated that an addition of PhA fibers of up to 2% resulted in a reduction in all the shrinkage parameters at 180 days. The presence of PhA fibers in the paste tended to reduce the compressive strength, with the lowest value observed at 2%. Apart from the values at 90 days, the optimal flexural strength seemed to be achieved by the paste with 1% PhA fibers. To further elucidate the experimental results, a hyperbolic model was employed to predict the variation in the length change as a function of the curing age with a high accuracy. Based on the results obtained, PhA fibers can play a crucial role in mitigating the shrinkage parameters and enhancing the mechanical properties of cement paste.
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Juradin, Sandra, Ivica Boko, Ivanka Netinger Grubeša, Dražan Jozić, Silvija Mrakovčić, and Iva Vukojević. "Properties of Spanish Broom Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.72.
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Building materials based on renewable resources such as plant fibers are increasingly needed, especially if the plant is local and easily accessible. One such plant is the Spanish broom, a typical shrub of the Mediterranean region. In this work, Spanish broom fibers were used for the first time to reinforce concrete. Four mixtures were made: a reference mixture and three mixtures reinforced with 3 cm long fibers, in the amount of 0.5% of the total volume. Cement CEM I 42.5R, crushed limestone aggregate (D = 16 mm), and tap water were used for all the mixtures and in equal quantities. Four mortar mixtures were also made: standard mortar and 3 fiber-reinforced mortars. The mortar is reinforced with fibers of the same length and quantity as the concrete. The fibers were obtained by maceration of Spanish broom in solutions of 8%, 10%, and 15% NaOH. The quality and mechanical properties of the cellulose fibers depend on the geographical and climatic conditions and the fiber extraction procedures so the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different chemical pre-treatments of the fibers on the mechanical properties of the concrete. The properties of the fresh mix were determined using the flow method. Hardened concrete was tested for compressive and flexural strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity. Compressive and flexural strengths were determined on cement mortars. The results obtained on concrete were compared with those obtained on the mortar. It was concluded that the quality of composite materials is more influenced by the quality of the placement than by fiber treatment.
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Kim, Daegeon. "Improvement for Construction of Concrete-Wall with Resistance to Gas-Explosion." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (September 10, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5189496.
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The research was initiated to investigate the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete for protecting people or assets in the building against the explosion or debris missiles. The fiber-reinforced concrete has the difficulty with being applied in the actual construction conditions with the normal ready-mixed concrete system. The fibers for the protection performance require high toughness to endure the huge energy from an explosion, but the large amount of the fiber is required. The required amount of fibers can result in decreased workability and insufficient dispersion of fibers. It has been difficult to apply fiber-reinforced concrete on field placing with the ready-mixed concrete system of plant mixing, delivering, and placing. This research carried out the investigation of properties of combined fiber of steel and polymeric fiber to improve workability and agitating in the mixer. Based on the preliminary experimental test results in a laboratory, combined fiber-reinforced concrete was applied on the actual field construction of chemical plant. According to the results from the laboratory tests and application in the real construction project, it is expected to introduce the combined fiber for desirable mechanical performance with less adverse effect on workability of the mixture.
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Idder, Abdelghani, Abdelmadjid Hamouine, Boudjemaa Labbaci, and Rabia Abdeldjebar. "The Porosity of Stabilized Earth Blocks with the Addition Plant Fibers of the Date Palm." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091485.
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This work is an experimental study to analyze the physical behavior of Stabilized Earth Block (SEB) and reinforced with Plant Fibers of the Date Palm (PFDP). This is part of the valorization of local building materials (earth, fiber) and contributes to reduce the price of housing. Initially, physical tests (Density, Total Water Absorption, and Capillary Absorption) were carried out in preparation for the porosity study. However, the main objective of this study is the investigation of porosity phenomenon using several methods as well as the total porosity estimation, the total volume porosity in water and Open porosity methods, where the mechanical resistance is also considered. In order to improve the stabilized earth block porosity analyses, various dosages are proposed for cement, lime and fiber. Thus (0%, 5%, 10%) of cement, (0%, 5%, 10%) of lime and the combination (5% cement + 5% lime) with (0%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) of fibers for each composition. The experimental results showed that the addition of fibers increases the porosity of the stabilized earth block proportionally and an increasing quantity of the stabilizer reduces the porosity of the SEB, cement is also more effective at closing pores than lime. Moreover, the compositions 10% cement and the mixture of 5% cement + 5% lime with 0% fiber showed a good results of porosity, for this reason they can be used as a durable building material and good resistance to natural and chemical aggression.
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Menadi, Souad, Yazid Hadidane, Mohammed Benzerara, Messaoud Saidani, Morteza Khorami, Redjem Belouettar, Fayçal Slimani, Nadia Gouider, and Souhila Rehab-Bekkouche. "Optimizing Polymer-Stabilized Raw Earth Composites with Plant Fibers Reinforcement for Historic Building Rehabilitation." Buildings 13, no. 11 (October 24, 2023): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112681.
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This research focuses on the optimization of formulation, characterization, and damage analysis of plant fiber-reinforced polyester resin composites (jute and date palm). To better understand the characteristics and mechanical behavior of these materials, this study investigates the influence of resin content and plant fibers on the physico-mechanical behavior of the resin composites. Resinous composites consisting of polyester resin and raw earth were studied using a novel formulation based on an empirical method that follows the principle of earth saturation with polyester resin. Saturation was achieved with a 28% content of polyester resin, which appeared to be an optimal blend for the earth–resin composite. Plant fibers were randomly incorporated as reinforcement in the composites at various percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) and lengths (0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm). Mechanical tests including bending, compression, and indentation were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composites. Analysis of fracture morphology revealed that the deformation and rupture mechanisms in bending, compression, and indentation of these composites differ from those of traditional concrete and cement mortar. The obtained results indicate that the composites exhibit acceptable performance and could be favorably employed in the rehabilitation of historic buildings.
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Alle, Alain, Doko K. Valery, Bossou G. A. Osmiel, Boris Ganmavo, and Clarence Semassou. "VALORIZATION OF PLANT BIOMASS, SUGARCANE BAGASSE AND MILLET PODS TO PRODUCE A CEMENTITIOUS MATRIX COMPOSITE." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 09 (September 30, 2023): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17552.
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The rising cost of fossil fuels and the environmental impact inherent in the manufacture of building materials have prompted the exploration of alternative sources of production. Plant biomass, a renewable resource, is now emerging as an attractive alternative for the production of building materials, as demonstrated by a number of studies. This study focuses on the use of sugarcane bagasse fibers and millet pods as reinforcements in lightweight cementitious composites. The formulation was carried out using the design of experiments method, in particular mix designs. Four essential factors were taken into account, notably the quantities of cement, water and each reinforcement. Based on the literature review, a Water/Cement ratio of 0.5 was assumed for the production of the test specimens. After the mechanical and physical characterization tests carried out on the composites, an interaction was established between the fiber content and the three-point bending tensile and compressive strengths. As a result, the form of composite with a fiber content of 3% achieves a maximum flexural strength of 9.542 MPa, while another with a fiber content of 1.5% achieves a maximum compressive strength of 25.978 MPa at 28 days. These findings showed that the fibers improved the flexural strength of the composites as a function of time, compared with the control material. In the compressive strength range, however, they do not provide any significant resistance, but on the contrary promote an increase in voids.
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Cima, Valentina, Chiara Bartolomeo, Ernesto Grande, and Maura Imbimbo. "Natural Fibers for Out-of-Plane Strengthening Interventions of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings in Aggregate Configuration." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 9967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169967.
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Most of the Italian historical centers are composed of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings arranged in aggregate configurations. Past and recent seismic events have underlined the high vulnerability of these buildings especially towards out-of-plane mechanisms. In order to reduce their vulnerability, the use of strengthening interventions based on fiber reinforced composite materials has become widespread in the last years. More recently, strengthening systems using natural fibers have been the object of experimental tests since they represent an innovative environmentally sustainable solution. The aim of this paper is to numerically analyze the feasibility of strengthening systems made of natural fibers embedded into cementitious matrices to prevent the out-of-plane mechanisms of perimeter façades belonging to masonry buildings in aggregate configurations. For this purpose, numerical analyses based on a macro-modeling approach for out-of-plane mechanisms are performed by considering the influence of adjacent structural units and the presence of strengthening systems made of natural fibers. Both aspects have been analyzed in detail and taken into account by introducing in the equation governing the problem both the friction acting between adjacent walls of building units, when in aggregate, and the contribution of the strengthening system. A building case study forming part of an aggregate of an Italian historical center has been considered for the development of the numerical analyses.
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Ounaies, Wassef. "Adobe stabilization and reinforcement with treated rush fibers." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, no. 02 (2023): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.003.
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Less consume energy materials have recently received increased attention as an ecological and sustainable alternative. We propose to study a building approach with raw earth (adobe) combined with plant fibers. The latter used as reinforcement in composite materials have specific competitive mechanical properties compared to those of synthetic fibers (glass, carbon, ...) and are an environmentally friendly alternative to these fibers because of their low cost, low density, biodegradability and availability. We introduce our approach to formulate an earth mortar allowing the making of blocks of adobe, intended for the construction of works such as walls, arches and domes. Adobe is stabilized and reinforced with treated rush fibers
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Soto, I. I., M. A. Ramalho, and O. S. Izquierdo. "Post-cracking behavior of blocks, prisms, and small concrete walls reinforced with plant fiber." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 6, no. 4 (August 2013): 598–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952013000400006.
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Structural masonry using concrete blocks promotes the rationalization of construction projects, lowering the final cost of a building through the elimination of forms and the reduction of the consumption of reinforcement bars. Moreover, production of a block containing a combination of concrete and vegetable fiber sisal results in a unit with properties such as mechanical strength, stiffness, flexibility, ability to absorb energy, and post-cracking behavior that are comparable to those of a block produced with plain concrete. Herein are reported the results of a study on the post-cracking behavior of blocks, prisms, and small walls reinforced with sisal fibers (lengths of 20 mm and 40 mm) added at volume fractions of 0.5% and 1%. Tests were performed to characterize the fibers and blocks and to determine the compressive strength of the units, prisms, and small walls. The deformation modulus of the elements was calculated and the stress-strain curves were plotted to gain a better understanding of the values obtained. The compression test results for the small walls reinforced with fibers were similar to those of the reference walls and better than the blocks and prisms with added fibers, which had resistances lower than those of the corresponding conventional materials. All elements prepared with the addition of sisal exhibited an increase in the deformation capacity (conferred by the fibers), which was observed in the stress-strain curves. The failure mode of the reference elements was characterized by an abrupt fracture, whereas the reinforced elements underwent ductile breakage. This result was because of the presence of the fibers, which remained attached to the faces of the cracks via adhesion to the cement matrix, thus preventing loss of continuity in the material. Therefore, the cement/plant fiber composites are advantageous in terms of their ductility and ability to resist further damage after cracking.
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La Tegola, Antonio, and Walter Mera. "Composite Materials with Natural Fiber NFRC on Inorganic Matrix for Seismic Reinforcement of Masonry Structures." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.385.
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Composite materials with carbon, aramidic, glass and lately basalt fibers with a polymeric or cementitious matrix FRP or FRC, are frequently used for the seismic reinforcement of masonry buildings. The fibers of such composites are synthetic, and they have high mechanical characteristics. However, their cost is very expensive and do not belong to the eco compatible products. Moreover, for the making of these fibers an elevated amount of energy is needed for reaching the temperature relative to the production process.An alternative to the use of such fibers may be recurring to natural eco compatible fibers for which the cost is much lower, and they do not need a special processing. Using such fibers in an inorganic cementitious matrix, an improvement of the mortar or of the plaster quality is obtained, giving to them also an adequate ductility.In order to make the composite material, short fibers immersed in the cementitious mortar are used; the composite material can be represented using the acronym NFRC (Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite).Among the different types of fibers that can be used, there is the short fibers derivate from the bamboo plant that are available under the form of yarns or threads.The scope of this paper consists in the definition of the optimal volumetric ratio for the NFRC composite, and the length of the fiber compatible with the workability and the resulting mechanical characteristic.
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Ibrahim, Idowu David, Tamba Jamiru, Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku, Williams Kehinde Kupolati, and Stephen Chinenyeze Agwuncha. "Impact of Surface Modification and Nanoparticle on Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanotechnology 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4235975.
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The use of plant fibers, polymer, and nanoparticles for composite has gained global attention, especially in the packaging, automobile, aviation, building, and construction industries. Nanocomposites materials are currently in use as a replacement for traditional materials due to their superior properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, cost effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Sisal fiber (SF) was treated with 5% NaOH for 2 hours at 70°C. A mixed blend of sisal fiber and recycled polypropylene (rPP) was produced at four different fiber loadings: 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%, while nanoclay was added at 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used as the compatibilizer for all composites prepared except the untreated sisal fibers. The characterization results showed that the fiber treatment, addition of MAPP, and nanoclay improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability and reduced water absorption of the SF/rPP nanocomposites. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength increased by 32.80, 37.62, and 5.48%, respectively, when compared to the untreated SF/rPP composites. Water absorption was reduced due to the treatment of fiber and the incorporation of MAPP and nanoclay.
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Wang, Hao, Pen-Chi Chiang, Yanpeng Cai, Chunhui Li, Xuan Wang, Tse-Lun Chen, Shiming Wei, and Qian Huang. "Application of Wall and Insulation Materials on Green Building: A Review." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 3331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093331.
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The construction materials utilized in the building sector have accounted for a large amount of natural resource and energy consumption. Green building, which has developed over three decades, can be regarded as a management and technical approach for building and construction sectors to achieve resource and energy sustainability in building sectors. Therefore, the development and deployment of green construction materials play an important role in the green building field due to the contribution of sustainable resources and energy. To realize the barriers of energy and resources utilization on green building, the development trend, application, and some case studies on wall materials and thermal insulation materials are described. A summary of plant fibers, recycled wastes, and photochromic glass is developed to show applications of green construction materials, which contributes to sustainable development. The challenges and barriers from business, technical, and policy aspects are also reviewed. Finally, perspectives and prospects of green construction material life-cycle framework are illustrated. This paper presents a snapshot review of the importance of wall materials and thermal insulation materials from the point of view of energy and resources consumption.
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Cho, Hyun Woo, Jae Heum Moon, and Jang Hwa Lee. "Fundamental Study of the Potential Application of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete to Enhance the Impact Resistance of Nuclear Power Plant Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1211.
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Concrete has been used as one of the major building materials for nuclear power plant (NPP) structures. While NPP structures of conventional concrete mixtures are considered to provide sufficient shielding capacities in terms of both structural containment and radiation barrier, further demands have been added to ensure and enhance the structural safety with considerations of aircraft impacts and/or earthquakes. To improve the impact resistance of the concrete itself, this paper presents the potential application of steel fibers as additives with no variation of the concrete mixture proportions that are currently used for NPP structures in Korea. Different types of steel fibers with variations of addition volumes were applied to the concrete mixtures and various kinds of mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, and fracture energy were evaluated. From the experimental results, a practical addition proportion and a type of steel fiber were chosen for the potential application to NPP structures. .
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Manniello, Canio, Giuseppe Cillis, Dina Statuto, Andrea Di Pasquale, and Pietro Picuno. "Concrete Blocks Reinforced with Arundo donax Natural Fibers with Different Aspect Ratios for Application in Bioarchitecture." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042167.
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In recent decades, the construction industry has advanced in its use of natural green resources, such as vegetable fibers (e.g., flax, hemp, jute, etc.) added in concrete mixtures, to create building materials that are both economically and environmentally sustainable. The pricing, low energy cost, and environmental sustainability of these natural fibers are driving this interest. The quantity of fibers and the ratio of fiber length to its transverse diameter (aspect ratio) are critical characteristics that have a decisive impact on concrete’s mechanical qualities. The influence of the aspect ratio of Arundo donax fibers on the tensile characteristics of concrete blocks was specifically investigated in this study. These fibers were collected from the outer section of the stem of this plant, which grows commonly in Mediterranean locations, but that is also found all over the world. Experiments were carried out on cylindrical concrete blocks with a constant amount of fiber (1 percent by weight) and different aspect ratios: 30, 50, and 70 (mm/mm) respectively, to assess their tensile strength, even when compared with concrete blocks without any fiber addition. Tensile tests on Arundo donax fibers were also conducted, with the aim to contribute to the analysis of their interaction with cementitious matrices, and to assess differences between the various compositions. The results showed a direct impact of the aspect ratio on the final tensile strength of concrete blocks, with higher aspect ratios producing superior tensile properties.
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Korjenic, Azra, Jiří Zach, and Jitka Hroudová. "The use of insulating materials based on natural fibers in combination with plant facades in building constructions." Energy and Buildings 116 (March 2016): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.12.037.
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Tourtelot, Julia, Ann Bourgès, and Emmanuel Keita. "Influence of Biopolymers on the Mechanical Behavior of Earth-Based Building Materials." Recent Progress in Materials 03, no. 03 (March 9, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2103031.
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Currently, the largest among the earth excavation sites in Europe are located in the Paris region. The soils excavated from these sites are often considered waste and are not valorized. With an increasing focus on sustainable development, the demand for low-carbon building materials is rising. Although construction using raw earth is a vernacular technique, the diversity in the behavior of the raw earth building materials warrants better control of their mechanical properties. The construction techniques differ depending on the location of the site, the composition of the earth, and the stabilizers used. Plant-based fibers and compounds extracted from plants are commonly used for reinforcing raw earth. Since such byproduct solutions have been developed worldwide, they differ significantly, and it becomes difficult to set a benchmark. The majority of the reported studies have directly used organic waste, rendering it difficult to characterize the material and extend the obtained results to other contexts. In order to reduce these variabilities, it becomes important to study the reinforcement of earth-based building materials with biopolymers that constitute the active molecules of the bio-based solutions. In the present study, different biopolymers derived from various vernacular techniques were utilized to increase the compressive strength of the construction soil collected from the Paris region. It was revealed that cellulose fibers and wheat starch increased the compressive strength of the earth from 3.5 MPa to 5.5 MPa and 4.5 MPa, respectively. In addition, the interactions of these biopolymers with clay were analyzed. The biopolymers identified as suitable for use in construction materials in the present study are widely available as wastes from paper, agricultural, or agro-food industries. These identified biopolymers would contribute to the development and standardization of construction using earth-based building materials.
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A. Shalwan, Talal Alajmi, and Naser Alajmi. "Study on sisal fibres as insulator in building materials: Review." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 15, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2023.15.2.0101.
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Developing sustainable and environmental-friendly buildings is a common motivation for engineers and researchers towards a green, clean, and resilient world for all. The problem arising from excess waste disposal from non-biodegradable materials have recently raised concerns from governments, researchers and industrial sectors on the usage and disposal of these types of synthetic materials. One of the approaches ventured is the use of renewable materials that are biodegradable when they are no longer required. Such materials are commonly plant based. This is due to their renewability and abundance. However, it cannot be ignored that natural fibres derived from plants are susceptible to moisture, thermal, and microorganism degradation . Therefore, immense efforts are required to sufficiently study the performance of natural fibres as building materials before they can fully replace synthetic fibres. This study is motivated by the need to expand the knowledge on the use of natural fibres in the construction industry. Specifically, this study will focus on the effect of heat conductivity of gypsum panels reinforced with natural fibres. The developed material may contribute to the improvement of thermal insulation properties of building panels.
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Ferrara, Giuseppe, Marco Pepe, Enzo Martinelli, and Romildo Dias Tolêdo Filho. "Influence of an Impregnation Treatment on the Morphology and Mechanical Behaviour of Flax Yarns Embedded in Hydraulic Lime Mortar." Fibers 7, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7040030.
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The increasing attention toward environmental aspects has led, also in the sector of construction materials, to the need for developing more eco-friendly solutions. Among several options, the employment of low energy raw materials appears as an efficient solution intended to enhance the sustainability of building structures. One of the applications moving in this direction is the use of plant fibers as a reinforcement in cement-based composites, hence named as natural textile reinforced mortar (NTRM) composites. Although representing a promising technique, there are still several open issues concerning the variability of plant fibers properties, the durability, and the mechanical compatibility with the mortar. This study aims at investigating the influence of an impregnation process on the thread’s morphology and on the mechanical response. Therefore, the geometry of dry and impregnated flax threads is identified by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images analysis, and their mechanical response in tension is assessed. In addition, the fibers-to-mortar bond behavior is investigated by means of pull-out tests. The proposed results show that the impregnation procedure employed, although not improving the fibers-to matrix bond, leads to a standardisation of the threads morphology and reduces the thread’s deformability in tension, and paves the way for further investigations on a larger scale.
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Ramu, S., and N. Senthilkumar. "Approaches of material selection, alignment and methods of fabrication for natural fiber polymer composites: A review." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i2.3351.
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The recent superiority of the composite materials is cautiously focusing on environmental adoption of natural fiber composites. The major source of the natural fiber materials covered in the globe, especially natural fibers, is plant-based, animal-based and mineral-based. Eco friendly based material can save the environment and recycling of the material is possible, as well as important criteria. Hence engineers ultimately focused on natural fiber polymer matrix materials to save the environment, pollution control, plastic manipulation, etc. The literature work was studied to identify natural fiber material possession. The major goal of the present review was to identify material characterization and appropriate application, mainly offering to enhance mechanical properties, flexural strength, electrical properties, thermal properties etc. The major consequence of the natural fiber is hydrophilic treatment. There is poor interfacial adhesion between the addition/filling substances and poor mechanical characteristics. All of these shortcomings constitute a critical issue. This review presents numerous sorts of natural and synthetic polymers, natural fibres such as jute, ramie, banana, pineapple leaf fibre, and kenaf, etc.; short and long fibre loading methods, fibre fillers in micro and nanoparticle, American society of testing and materials (ASTM) standard plate dimensions, fabrication methods such as hand lay-up process, spray lay-up process, vacuumed-bag, continuous pultrusion, and pulforming process, etc.; industries and home appliances such as automotive parts, building construction, sports kits, domestic goods, and electronic devices. The review lists various material combinations, fibre loading, fillers, and matrix that can aid in the improvement of material properties and the reduction of failures during mechanical testing of composites.
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Bokhari, Hassiba, Aicha Bouhafsoun, Nassima Draou, Chahra Rouba, Siham Mansouri, and Abderezzak Djabeur. "Biometrics analysis of the stem fibers of some local Algerian plant species." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i2.3326.
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Studying the biometric characteristics of the stems of plant species has been of great interest to researchers in the wood and paper industry. The use of plant fibers has been widespread in the fields of composites, buildings, insulation, plastics and automobiles. The present study aimed to investigate the biometric characteristics of the stem fibers of local Algerian plant species, viz. Group 1 (Lygeum spartum and Stipa tenacissima), Group 2 (Linum usitatissimum in the greenhouse and Linum usitatissimum in natural conditions), Group 3 (Retama monosperma and Retama raetam) and Group 4 (Phoenix dactylifera and Ricinus communis). The extraction process was carried out using 1 M NaOH at 60 °C for 48 hours, and the fiber length was calculated for all the species using a micrometer. The fiber length of stems of all the species ranged from 0.36 to 5.18 mm. Then, the difference between each of the two species was approximated using Student's test. The results obtained showed that the t value ranged from 0.50 to 1.79 for Groups 4 and 1, respectively. There was no significant difference between them. These results suggest that these species are promising raw materials for paper production due to their adequate fibre length.
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Beskopylny, Alexey N., Evgenii M. Shcherban’, Sergey A. Stel’makh, Levon R. Mailyan, Besarion Meskhi, Alexandr Evtushenko, Diana El’shaeva, and Andrei Chernil’nik. "Improving the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Modified Aerated Concrete by Reinforcing with Plant Fibers." Fibers 11, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib11040033.
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An urgent and promising direction in the development of building materials science is the improvement of the quality of non-autoclaved aerated concrete. In view of the obvious disadvantages of non-autoclaved aerated concrete compared to the autoclaved equivalent in terms of technology, it can be significantly improved because of a rationally selected composition and other factors of a recipe-technological nature. The goal of the study was to search for complex compositions and technological solutions aimed at identifying rational combinations of recipe-technological factors as simultaneous modifications of aerated concrete with various additives and dispersed the reinforcement of it with various environmentally friendly and cost-effective types of plant fibers. Fly ash (FA), instead of part of the cement, proved to be more effective than the GGBS additive. The compressive strength (CS), bending strength (BS), and coefficient of construction quality (CCQ) were higher by 4.5%, 3.8%, and 1.7%, respectively, while the density and thermal conductivity (TC) were lower by 0.7% and 3.6%, respectively, compared with aerated concrete modified with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). The additional reinforcement of modified aerated concrete with coconut fiber (CF) and sisal fiber (SF) in an amount of 0.6% of the total mass of cement and modifier increases the CS to 15%, BS to 22% and CCQ to 16%. The SF was more effective than the CF. Aerated concrete modified with FA and reinforced with SF showed the highest efficiency. Compared to the control composition without modifiers or fibers, the increase in the CS was up to 40%, BS up to 47%, and CCQ up to 43%, while the decrease in density was up to 2.6%, and TC up to 15%.
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Bellel, Nadjoua, and Nadir Bellel. "Sustainable heat insulation composites based on Portland cement reinforced with date palm fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 18 (January 2023): 155892502311577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250231157718.
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In order to ensure thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption, a new composite based on Portland cement and date palm fiber was studied in this work. Our main objective is to study the possibility of integrating and using this new material as a thermal insulation material in the exterior coatings of buildings. Several composites were prepared for different weight concentrations (from 0% to 5%) of date palm fibers. The studied materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the hot wire method was used to measure thermo-physical properties. The results show that the addition of fibers has no effect on the chemical composition of the matrix, as shown by FTIR and XRD analyzes which proves the chemical stability. The results of the TGA analysis indicate that the inclusion of date palm fibers has an effect on the thermal characteristics of the matrix. The SEM analysis shows that there is good adhesion between the Portland cement and the plant fibers used and that the date palm fibers are well incorporated into the matrix, the SEM images also showed that the inclusion of the fibers increases the porosity. In addition, the results showed that the addition of the fibers of date palm a marked decrease in thermal conductivity, which makes the material insulating. Thus, the use of fibers in cement seems to be a promising option that allows it to be applied as a thermal coating material in buildings.
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Kovačević, Zorana, Sandra Bischof, Nikola Bilandžija, and Tajana Krička. "Conversion of Waste Agricultural Biomass from Straw into Useful Bioproducts—Wheat Fibers and Biofuels." Sustainability 16, no. 11 (June 2, 2024): 4739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16114739.
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Straw, the primary agricultural waste, constitutes approximately 20% of the total biomass in the EU. Only a small fraction of the material is applied in various products, e.g., animal bedding, mulch, building, and composite materials, while a significantly larger portion is often burned in the field. This practice, while prohibited for several reasons, including the increased risk of fire and the release of carbon dioxide contributing to global warming, is still prevalent. Given the increasingly evident effects of climate change, EU legislation aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible. One of the strategies includes applying the cascade principle in the circular economy. This principle aims to use the entire raw material, in this case, cereal crops, such that the products with the highest added value, like cellulose fibers from cereal straw, are extracted first. The vast potential for utilizing lignocellulosic agro-waste sustainably arises from its status as the most abundant organic compound on Earth. Its significant presence, renewability, and biodegradability make it a desirable source for producing materials in numerous industries. This study examines the potential of wheat fibers, isolated from the straw of two distinct cultivars (Srpanjka represents an old variety, and Kraljica represents the new variety) primarily for application in technical textiles. The following testing methods were applied: determination of wheat fibers and residues yield, fibers tensile properties, length, moisture content/regain, density, morphology, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The yield of isolated fibers relies on the wheat variety and the climatic conditions affecting plant growth, resulting in fiber yields from 10.91% to 15.34%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicates reduced peak intensity, which is related to hemicellulose and lignin content, suggesting their improved deposition following the process of chemical maceration. Wheat fiber quality was found to be comparable to cotton fibers regarding its density. However, they showed a significant difference in higher moisture regain (9.72–11.40%). The vast majority of the scientific papers related to wheat fibers did not indicate the length of the individual fibers obtained by chemical maceration nor their strength. Therefore, this paper indicated that both varieties demonstrated sufficient fiber tenacity (greater than 10 cN/tex) and fiber length (2–3 cm), stressing the spinning potential of these fibers into yarns and extending their use to the apparel industry. Moreover, our research underscores the feasibility of adhering to the zero-waste principle. A high percentage of solid waste remaining after fiber extraction (25.3–39.5%) was successfully used for biofuel production, thus closing the loop in the circular economy.
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Gibson, Lorna J. "The hierarchical structure and mechanics of plant materials." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 76 (August 8, 2012): 2749–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0341.
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The cell walls in plants are made up of just four basic building blocks: cellulose (the main structural fibre of the plant kingdom) hemicellulose, lignin and pectin. Although the microstructure of plant cell walls varies in different types of plants, broadly speaking, cellulose fibres reinforce a matrix of hemicellulose and either pectin or lignin. The cellular structure of plants varies too, from the largely honeycomb-like cells of wood to the closed-cell, liquid-filled foam-like parenchyma cells of apples and potatoes and to composites of these two cellular structures, as in arborescent palm stems. The arrangement of the four basic building blocks in plant cell walls and the variations in cellular structure give rise to a remarkably wide range of mechanical properties: Young's modulus varies from 0.3 MPa in parenchyma to 30 GPa in the densest palm, while the compressive strength varies from 0.3 MPa in parenchyma to over 300 MPa in dense palm. The moduli and compressive strength of plant materials span this entire range. This study reviews the composition and microstructure of the cell wall as well as the cellular structure in three plant materials (wood, parenchyma and arborescent palm stems) to explain the wide range in mechanical properties in plants as well as their remarkable mechanical efficiency.
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Silva, Alana, Florindo Gaspar, and Aliaksandr Bakatovich. "Composite Materials of Rice Husk and Reed Fibers for Thermal Insulation Plates Using Sodium Silicate as a Binder." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2023): 11273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411273.
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The civil construction industry is responsible for a large part of the world’s energy consumption; therefore, in recent years, sustainable practices in this sector have become increasingly common to minimize the environmental impacts of civil construction during the life cycle of buildings. As a result, new materials and more sustainable building techniques are being sought. In Portugal, rice husk is an abundant agricultural waste with great potential to be used as a raw material in thermal insulation materials, as well as giant reed, which is considered an invasive plant. In this study, thermal insulation plates composed of rice husks and/or reed fiber were developed, using sodium silicate as a binder in various proportions and with dimensions of 30 × 30 × 3 cm and density ranging between 0.219 and 0.352 g/cm3. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the thermal characteristics of the plates, such as thermal conductivity, as well as the mechanical resistance to bending and water absorption. The results of the thermal conductivity tests were promising for all compositions, with values in the range between 0.0602 and 0.0745 W/m·K, meeting the requirements to be considered as thermal insulation materials. The results for bending strength and water absorption presented values within the expected range for materials of vegetal origin.
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Halim, Faizan, Afnan Ahmad, Mohammad Adil, Asad Khan, Mohamed Ghareeb, Majed Alzara, Sayed M. Eldin, Fahad Alsharari, and Ahmed M. Yosri. "Investigating the Retrofitting Effect of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic and Steel Mesh Casting on Unreinforced Masonry Walls." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010257.
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Unreinforced masonry (URM) is one of the most popular construction materials around the world, but vulnerable during earthquakes. Due to its brittle nature, the URM structures may lead to a possible collapse of the wall of a building during earthquake events causing casualties. In the current research, an attempt is made to enhance the seismic capacity of URM structures by proposing a new innovative composite material that can improve the shear strength and deformation capacity of the URM wall systems. The results revealed that the fiber-reinforced plastic having high tensile and shear stiffness can significantly increase in-plane as well as out-of-plane bending strength of the URM wall. It was recorded that the bending moment of the prism increased up to 549.5% by increasing the bending moment from 490 N*mm to 3183 N*mm per mm deflection of prism upon using glass fibers. Moreover, the ductility ratio amplified up to 5.73 times while the stiffness ratio increased up to 4.16 times with the aid of glass fibers. Since the material used in this research work is low cost, easily available, and no need for any skilled labor, which is economically good. Therefore, the URM walls retrofitted with fiber-reinforced plastic is an economical solution.
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Ba, Labouda, Ikram El Abbassi, Cheikh S. E. Kane, A.-M. Darcherif, and Mamoudou Ndongo. "Thermal performance of biosourced materials on Buildings: The case of Typha Australis." MATEC Web of Conferences 330 (2020): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202033001011.
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Developing countries are facing population growth, which leads, on the one hand, to increased requirements for buildings and, on the other hand, to the depletion of fossil fuels along with exposure, of people living in those areas, to some detrimental consequences of climate change. Because of these factors, we propose approaches to control energy consumption in buildings. In some countries, the architectures adopted are not adequate to the environment and climate, resulting in discomfort in those buildings, in such circumstances, residents resort to the use of energy systems, such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, which leads to exorbitant electricity bills. Housing consumes 40% of the world's energy and is responsible for a third of greenhouse gas emissions. Optimizing energy needs in buildings is a solution to overcome these problems. For this purpose, there are solutions such as: the design of the building characterized by its shape and envelope, while using less energy-consuming equipment. For several years, the building materials sector has been developing with a particular focus on bio-source materials, which are generally materials with good thermal performance. In order to highlight the thermal performance of bio-source materials, we will study the case of Typha Australis which is a plant of the Typhaceae family that grows abundantly in an aquatic environment mainly in the Senegal River valley.Recent studies showed that Typha Australis has good thermal insulation properties. In order to determine the impact of Typha Australis on a building, a dynamic thermal simulation was carried out using the Trnsys software according to specific scenarios, the Typha was mixed with other local materials and used as a wall insulation panel, the result of the study shows that this fiber has allowed us to optimize energy consumption in a building. Mixing Typha with other materials (e. g. clay) is a promising solution for energy efficiency in buildings.
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Yurtaeva, Larisa Vladimirovna, Natal'ya Sergeyevna Reshetova, Yuriy Davidovich Alashkevich, Roman Aleksandrovich Marchenko, Dar'ya Yur'yevna Vasilyeva, and Evgeniy Vyacheslavovich Kaplev. "OBTAINING AN ANALYTICAL DEPENDENCE OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF PAPER ON THE PAPER-FORMING PARAMETERS OF THE FIBROUS MASS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020048583.
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Wood is of great practical importance as a starting material for the recovery of cellulose. Wood plays not only an important economic role as a building and finishing material, but is also one of the cheapest and most widely used raw materials for the industrial production of cellulose vines. In turn, the grinding equipment serves to divide the cellulosic materials into fibers, from the grinding of the fibers and imparting certain properties to them. One of the most important properties of paper is mechanical strength. The standard provides for certain requirements for different types of paper, depending on the consumer conditions for the use of finished products. Durability of paper is determined by various indicators characterizing: paper resistance to a gap, breakdown, tear, an anguish, lengthening to a gap. In this work, the role of milling of fibrous materials in the general preparatory cycle of pulp and paper production is considered, the advantages of knife-free milling are presented, the factors determining the strength of paper are considered, functional dependencies of the main physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished product on the complex parameter of the quality of pulp milling and the complex parameter of the machine are obtained. Numerical value of complex parameter of grinding quality is determined depending on duration of grinding.
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Tan, Jianli, Wanli Lu, Yuantian Huang, Shiju Wei, Xiaoxin Xuan, Leping Liu, and Guangjian Zheng. "Preliminary study on compatibility of metakaolin-based geopolymer paste with plant fibers." Construction and Building Materials 225 (November 2019): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.142.
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Jafari, Ramin, Mohammad Hadi Alizadeh Elizei, Masuod Ziaei, and Reza Esmaeil Abadi. "Experimental investigation of the behavior of concrete beams containing recycled materials reinforced with composite rebars." Materiales de Construcción 73, no. 352 (December 5, 2023): e329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2023.352223.
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The application of various Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite materials is very widespread in the world. The use of recycled materials in concrete, can improve some of the mechanical properties of concrete. In this laboratory research, the behavior of reinforced concrete beams with composite rebars with glass fibers made of concrete containing recycled materials such as glass, rubber and micro-silica with different mixing plans has been investigated. These mixing plans are such that recycled glass and rubber aggregates have replaced a percentage of fine and coarse concrete aggregates, and glass powder and micro-silica have also replaced a percentage of concrete cement. The results showed that the replacement of coarse rubber, glass powder, and micro-silica in concrete materials increases the bending strength and ductility of concrete beam. In examining the microstructure of concrete by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) the adhesiveness of the rubber Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) in concrete was suitable.
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Arairo, W., M. Saba, M. El Bachawati, J. Absi, and K. J. Kontoleon. "Mechanical characterization and environmental assessment of stabilized earth blocks." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1123, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1123/1/012060.
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Abstract Soil is a local material which allows populations in warm regions to better cope with severe environmental conditions. The materials’ performance depends on the chemical and physical nature of the soil. The greatest problem with these materials remains their high sensitivity to shrinkage, and their vulnerability in terms of cracking due to drying. These pathologies may lead to a radical decrease in their mechanical performance. Several works have indicated that the consideration of plant fibers, as reinforcement in earth materials, made it possible to avoid cracking, and, thus, ensure the stability of structures. These results are not generalizable and depend on the involved materials. This work aims to investigate different scenarios for the stabilization of earth blocks. In this context, the use of cement with two types of natural fibers for the stabilization of Lebanese earth blocks has been studied. The mechanical properties of stabilized earth blocks have shown that the developed mix provides suitable results compared to the traditional masonry block. The environmental impacts of earth blocks have been compared using SimaPro software. The results of this study show that the stabilized earth blocks are gaining their place as a sustainable, affordable building material suitable for low-cost construction.
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Li, Li, Yujie Wei, Qi Feng, Fang Liu, Bin Liu, and Beichen Pu. "A Review: Progress in Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Portland Cement (Geopolymer)—Based Composites and the Interface between These Matrices and Reinforced Material." Buildings 13, no. 7 (July 24, 2023): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071875.
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Molecular dynamics (MD) is an important method for studying the molecular and atomic scale of cement (geopolymer)-based composites which provides an effective method for the optimal design of cementitious materials. In this paper, the research progress of MD simulation in Portland cement and geopolymer-based materials is discussed in detail, including molecular structure models of calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminosilicate hydrate, sodium aluminum silicate hydrate gel, and auxiliary experimental techniques. The basic mechanical properties of calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminosilicate hydrate and sodium aluminum silicate hydrate in Portland cement-based materials (CBM) and geopolymer-based materials are reviewed. In addition, the dynamic simulation of the interface between CBM and reinforcement materials such as rebar, synthetic fibers, plant fibers and nanoparticles is also discussed. Through the macroscopic experimental results of cement (geopolymer)-based materials and the performance analysis of an MD microscopic model, MD helps to better explain the macroscopic properties of materials, and can quickly and conveniently analyze the mechanical properties, transport properties and interface properties of composite materials, so as to improve the fine design of cement (geopolymer)-based materials. Existing structural models and force fields are affected by environment and time, and MD simulation shows great differences in application range and characterization ability. It is necessary to further study and reveal the internal mechanism for improving concrete performance through a large number of experiments and MD simulation, and lay a theoretical foundation for preparing the next generation of (super) high-performance concrete.
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Hospodarova, Viola, Eva Singovszka, and Nadežda Števulová. "Characterization of Cellulosic Fibres Properties for their Using in Composites." Solid State Phenomena 244 (October 2015): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.146.
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Nowadays, the material recycling is growing trend in development of building materials and therefore using of secondary raw materials for production of new building materials. Transition from application non-renewable sources of raw materials to renewable raw materials in terms of sustainable composite is required. Renewable raw materials include organic sources of raw materials coming from natural plant fibres. This material is used to contribute environmental protection and to save non-renewable resources of raw materials. Wood fibres and cellulose fibres made from waste paper were selected for reinforcing cement-based materials. Application of cellulosic fibres into composites depends on their properties. Therefore, this paper is aimed to study of morphology and properties of cellulosic fibres. The comparison of strength parameters of 28 days hardened composites with 5% adding bleached wood and unbleached recycled fibres with those of reference composite without fibres showed that the values of compressive strength of fibrous cement based specimens were lower by 17 to 29 %.
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Devi, Chirom Iris, Chitra Shijagurumayum, and Thokchom Suresh. "Study On Partial Replacement of Cement By Ggbs And Natural Sand By Banana Fibre In Concrete." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, no. 01 SPL (June 30, 2022): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v14spli01.11.
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The rapid development of infrastructure has made it a necessity to adopt some eco-friendly materials. This is because the increasing environmental impact caused by the construction industry has detrimental effect on the environment. The increasing trend of replacing conventional building materials with plant-based fibers has been a major benefit to the environment. This material can be used as a part of the construction process and reduce the impact on the environment. High performance banana fibre reinforced concrete is a type of reinforced concrete that exhibits significant mechanical properties. When banana fibres and GGBS is added to the concrete, it significantly improves the concrete’s compressive strength and tensile resistance.Hence this programme was executed to reduce the cost of cement and natural sand in concrete mix of grade M20.It was done by examining the mechanical performance of the concrete mix with partial replacement of cementand sand by GGBS and banana fibre respectively in concrete mix. The compressive strength is increased more effectively with the addition of GGBS instead of cement and the addition of banana fibre gives the better tensile strength to the concrete, therefore the GGBS and banana fibreplays better role in this study.
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Tekleyohanis, Tsiye, and Belay Woldeyes. "Optimizing Kraft Pulping Conditions to Improve Nettle Plant Pulp Quality." Journal of Biomaterials 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20240801.11.
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The suitability of nettle plants for the production of pulp and paper was thoroughly examined, with special consideration given to the plant’s chemical compositions, morphological analysis, and kraft pulping qualities. The mean values of cell wall thickness, fiber length, lumen width, runkel ratio, and nettle plant diameter were found to be 7.4 μm, 55 mm, 4.9 μm, 2.4 and 16.9 μm, respectively. Although nettle plant fibers have a stronger cell wall, their physical properties are comparable to another biomass. The chemical composition investigation found that the contents of nettle plants were 64.8 weight percent holocellulose, 38.7 weight percent alpha-cellulose, 16.8 weight percent lignin, and 5.8 weight percent ash. Additionally, 8.4 weight percent were discovered in the 1% alkaline extractives of nettle leaves. The kraft pulping process of nettle plants needed a low chemical charge and lower boiling time when compared to a number of other non-wood raw materials utilized in the papermaking process. Despite these circumstances, kraft-pulped nettle plants yielded a high-yield bleachable grade pulp. Kraft pulp produced from bleached nettle plants had strength properties that were comparable to those of other biomass for pulp and papermaking materials. Overall, this present research show that nettle plants, which have morphological and chemical characteristics comparable to those of traditional papermaking materials, have a bright future as a source of pulp and paper.
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Mukhametrakhimov, Rustem, Albert Galautdinov, Polina Gorbunova, and Tatyana Gorbunova. "Water-resistant fiber-reinforced gypsum cement-pozzolanic composites." E3S Web of Conferences 138 (2019): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913801011.
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Gypsum and gypsum-cement-pozzolanic composites are of significant interest as materials and products for building decoration. The current tendency to reduce the consumption of gypsum-based materials and products in the context of growth and development of the finishing materials market depends on the decrease in their competitiveness compared to peers. This leads to significant interest in improving the quality of products based on gypsum and gypsum-cement-pozzolanic binder. Dispersed reinforcement is one of the ways of improving performance characteristics. The role of the type of reinforcing fibers in the formation of the gypsum-cement-pozzolanic composites structure and properties is studied in article. The influence relations of the cellulose fibers content with varying grinding degrees on the relative flexural and compressive strength of a gypsum-cement-pozzolanic matrix are obtained. It was found that the optimal content of cellulose fibers in the modified gypsum-cement-pozzolanic matrix is 0.5-1% by weight of the binder, the best indicators of flexural and compressive strength are achieved by grinding cellulose fibers to 30°SR. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the microstructure of a disperse-reinforced gypsum-cementpozzolanic matrix is characterized by a uniform cellulose fibers distribution, the predominance of directionally frame reinforcement with a fibers linear orientation in the sheet plane. In this way the right choice of the type, crushing degree and cellulose fibers content can improve the quality and expand the application area of the produced gypsum-cementpozzolanic composites.
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Charai, Mouatassim, Mohamed Oualid Mghazli, Salaheddine Channouf, Aboubakr El hammouti, P. Jagadesh, Ligia Moga, and Ahmed Mezrhab. "Lightweight waste-based gypsum composites for building temperature and moisture control using coal fly ash and plant fibers." Construction and Building Materials 393 (August 2023): 132092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132092.
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Iannace, Gino. "The acoustic characterization of green materials." Building Acoustics 24, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x17704624.
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Natural materials are a valid alternative to traditional synthetic materials in the fields of acoustic treatments and energy saving. Natural fibres have been used to produce sound-absorbing panels. This article reports the acoustical characterization of the following natural fibres: straw, hay, plant litter and different sized wood chips. The acoustic measurements were carried out with an impedance tube. The acoustic absorption values were measured in a frequency range between 200 and 2000 Hz.
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De Gregorio, Stefania, Giulia Di Domenico, and Pierluigi De Berardinis. "Sustainable Architecture in Developing Countries: Harvest Map of the Lusaka Territory, Zambia." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 15, 2023): 6710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086710.
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In Zambia, Western materials, techniques, and technologies, a symbol of emancipation, are replacing the local building culture, which is relegated to the poor sections of society, with a negative impact from an environmental, social, and economic point of view. Designing and building sustainable architecture in developing countries is a particularly complex task mainly because of the absence of scientifically codified information about vernacular architecture and available resources. The starting point for designing and building sustainable architecture is to know the territory and its resources. The research outlines the harvest map of sustainable resources in Lusaka’s geographic surroundings, created through site surveys and analysis of international databases. The method for creating a harvest map follows well-defined steps involving knowledge of climate, intangible resources, and material resources as described below. Knowledge of the climate is intended to enable a critical reading of the area’s resources; it is functional to understand the logic of traditional architecture and consequently to identify fields of innovation in it. Intangible resources are related to the building culture and techniques and technologies of vernacular architecture of the territory; material resources, on the other hand, are related to traditionally used materials, raw materials not yet exploited, but potentially usable and waste materials. The vernacular architecture of the Lusaka territory is based on low-tech systems and natural materials (mainly raw earth, plant fibers, wood, and bamboo). There are also tree species in the territory that, for their quantity and performance, could be used in the construction field, as well as waste materials from common use or from the agricultural supply chain. Starting from this harvest map, every designer has the knowledge of the area from which to use already known building systems related to the resources of the area or innovate them while respecting local culture and resources.
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Števulová, Nadežda, Julia Cigasova, and Ivana Schwarzova. "Role of Key Factors of Particulate Components in Biocomposites." Solid State Phenomena 244 (October 2015): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.153.
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The development of biocomposites based on natural fibres coming from plants and inorganic binder materials is in the foreground of research in the field of sustainable building materials. Biocomposites ́ properties are influenced by both particulate constituent characteristics. In last decades, the growing trend in using of plant fibres as filler and / or reinforcing material into biocomposites for building application is due to their renewability and environmentally friendly properties. Inorganic powdered binder substances, mainly Portland cement and/or hydraulic lime are used as matrix material in bio fibres reinforced composites. In this paper, the important characteristics of fibrous and isometric particles affecting the final properties of hardened composites will be discussed.
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Ma, Jiale, Long He, Zhixin Wu, and Jiarui Hou. "Optimization and Modelling of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Grass Fiber Reinforced with Slag-Based Composites Using Response Surface Methodology." Materials 17, no. 15 (July 26, 2024): 3703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17153703.
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The construction industry’s high energy consumption and carbon emissions negatively impact the ecological environment; large-scale construction projects consume much energy and emit a significant amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. Statistics show that 30% of energy loss and 40% of solid waste in the construction industry are generated during construction. Therefore, reducing emissions during construction has significant research potential and value. Many scholars have recently studied eco-friendly building materials to facilitate the use of high-carbon emission materials like cement. Adding fibers to composite materials has become a research hotspot among these studies. Although adding fibers to composite materials has many advantages, it mainly reduces the compressive strength of the composite material. This research used the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the raw material ratios and thus improve the performance of plant fiber composite materials. Single-factor experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of grass size, grass content, and quicklime content on the composite materials’ compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The influencing factors and levels for the response surface experiment were determined based on the results of the single-factor analysis. Using the response surface methodology (RSM), a second-order polynomial regression model was established to analyze the interaction effects of the three factors on the composite materials’ compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption rate. The optimal ratio was determined: the optimized options for grass size, grass content, and quicklime content are 2.0 mm, 8.2 g, and 38 g, respectively. The actual values of compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption rate of the composite materials made according to the predicted ratio are 11.425 MPa, 2.145 MPa, and 21.89%, respectively, with a relative error of 8% between the actual and predicted values. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were also used to reveal the factors contributing to the relatively high strength of the optimized samples.
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Rosas-Díaz, Felipe, David Gilberto García-Hernández, and Cesar A. Juárez-Alvarado. "Development of Lignocellulosic-Based Insulation Materials from Agave fourcroydes and Washingtonia filifera for Use in Sustainable Buildings." Sustainability 16, no. 13 (June 27, 2024): 5455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135455.
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The objective of this work was to develop two prototypes of insulating materials based on natural plant fibers from Agave fourcroydes and Washingtonia filifera, available in Mexico, for their potential use in buildings. For the development of the prototypes, the raw materials were characterized by physical, chemical, and microstructural methods. The samples were prepared by a pulping process after boiling the fibers in a sodium hydroxide solution. We worked with a Taguchi experimental matrix of four variables in three levels, defining as response variables the sample’s thermal conductivity, density, and flexural strength. The results show that the henequen-based insulation obtained a density of 69.8 kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity of 0.0367 W/mK; on the other hand, the palm-based insulation obtained a density of 45.06 g/cm3 and a thermal conductivity of 0.0409 W/mK, which in both cases are like the conductivity values reported by conventional insulating materials, such as expanded polystyrene or mineral wool, and therefore both optimized prototypes are promising as thermal insulators with a high potential to be used in sustainable buildings in Mexico, reducing the energy consumption of air conditioning and the environmental impact associated with the production of materials.
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Zhang, Zu Peng, Shui Wen Zhu, and Guo Ping Chen. "Study on Thermal Performance for Straw Fiber Concrete Hollow Block." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1596.
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In this paper, based on ansys studies for thermal performance of concrete hollow block which were conducted on the content of 5% and 15% of the straw plant fiber, and get temperature distribution and the law of heat of the blocks which suffer the load of convection, then calculate the mean coefficient of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance based on the data block obtained. The results show that mixed plant fiber can effectively improve thermal performance for the concrete hollow block,and better insulation effect,thus can provide the basis for the promotion of plant fiber building block materials.