Journal articles on the topic 'Plant fibers Analysis'
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1
Ndoumou, Rémy Legrand, Damien Soulat, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh, Manuela Ferreira, Lucien Meva’a, and Jean Atangana Ateba. "Characterization of Tensile Properties of Cola lepidota Fibers." Fibers 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10010006.
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Plant fibers are being increasingly explored for their use in engineering polymers and composites, and many works have described their properties, especially for flax and hemp fibers. Nevertheless, the availability of plant fibers varies according to the geographical location on the planet. This study presents the first work on the mechanical properties of a tropical fiber extracted from the bast of Cola lepidota (CL) plant. After a debarking step, CL fibers were extracted manually by wet-retting. The tensile properties are first identified experimentally at the fibers scale, and the analysis of the results shows the great influence of the cross-section parameters (diameter, intrinsic porosities) on these properties. Tensile properties of CL fibers are also predicted by the impregnated fiber bundle test (IFBT). At this scale of bundles, a hackling step, which reduces shives and contributes to the parallelization of the fibers within bundles, improves tensile properties predicted by IFBT. The comparison with the properties of plant fibers given in the literature shows that CL fibers have tensile properties in the same range as kenaf, flax or hemp fibers.
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Lemita, Nourelhouda, Samir Deghboudj, Mansour Rokbi, Fares Mohammed Laid Rekbi, and Rafik Halimi. "Characterization and analysis of novel natural cellulosic fiber extracted from Strelitzia reginae plant." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211049285.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate in detail the usability of new cellulosic fibers extracted from the stem of the plant Strelitzia reginae, as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites. The morphological, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers were addressed for the first time in this paper. Both untreated and alkali-treated fibers were characterized, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and applying tensile test for determining the mechanical behavior. For both fiber treated at one hour (T1H) and at four hours (T4H), the stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. Thermogravimetry and DSC showed that the fiber was thermally stable up to 233°C for untreated fiber, 254 and 240°C, respectively, In single-fiber tensile tests, it was observed that the fibers extracted from the stem of Strelitzia reginae were strong. The mean values of Young’s modulus exhibited by untreated fibers and treated (T1H) and (T4H) are, respectively, 9.89 GPa, 12.08, and 18.39 GPa. Also mean values of tensile strength are 271.79, 306.23, and 421.39 MPa. The XRD reveals the presence of cellulose with a Crystallinity Index of 70% for raw fiber and 72% for the treated one. Fourier-transform infrared analysis well demonstrated the effect of chemical treatment. It can be concluded from the results of all above experiments that the Strelitzia reginae fibers (SR) could serve as a possible reinforcement in composite materials.
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Guo, Miaocai, and Xiaosu Yi. "Effect of Paper or Silver Nanowires-Loaded Paper Interleaves on the Electrical Conductivity and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Composites." Aerospace 5, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace5030077.
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The effect of plant-fiber paper or silver nanowires-loaded paper interleaves on the electrical conductivity and interlaminar fracture toughness of composites was studied. Highly conductive paper was prepared by surface-loaded silver nanowires. The percolation threshold appeared at about 0.4 g/m2. The surface resistivity reached 2.3 Ω/sq when the areal density of silver nanowires was 0.95 g/m2. After interleaving the conductive papers in the composite interlayers, in-plane electrical conductivity perpendicular to the fiber direction was increased by 171 times and conductivity through thickness direction was increased by 2.81 times. However, Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness decreased by 67.3% and 66.9%, respectively. Microscopic analysis showed that the improvement of conductivity was attributable to the formation of an electrical conducting network of silver nanowires which played a role in electrical connection of carbon fiber plies and the interleaving layers. However, the density of the highly packed flat plant fibers impeded the infiltration of resin. The parallel distribution of flat fibers to the carbon plies, and poor resin-fiber interface made the interlaminar fracture occur mainly at the interface of plant fibers and resin inside the interleaves, resulting in a decline of the interlaminar fracture toughness. The surface-loading of silver nanowires further impeded the infiltration of resin in the densely packed plant fibers, resulting in further decline of the fracture toughness.
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Baye, Belete, and Tamrat Tesfaye. "Characterization of a New Fiber from Cyperus Dichrostachus A.Rich Plant." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 9, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4868809.
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Natural fibers have been good substitute sources for swapping synthetic fibers and reinforcing polymer matrices because of their contributions in maintaining ecology, low energy requirement for processing, and maintaining sustainability issues. The aim of this study was to characterize a new fiber from Cyperus Dichrostachus A.Rich (CDA) plant. The CDA plant is a perennial nonwoody grass found in Ethiopian high lands and river basins. The fiber from this plant has a chemical composition of cellulose (60.27%), hemicellulose (22.72%), and lignin (16.59%) contents. It has a density of 1010 kg/m3 and good tenacity of 105.76 cN/Tex with low elongation of 4.88%. The thermal stability of Cyperus Dicrostachus A.Rich fiber (CDAF) was studied using TGA and DTG analyses and revealed that the cellulose degraded at a temperature of 377.1°C. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that CDAF is rich in cellulose content. Additionally, CDAF can play a vital role as a new reinforcement material and best alternative in bio composite industries. This will give competitive advantages when evaluated with other natural fibers and reveal that there are significant potential benefits in implementation of “cleaner production” in textile material production industries. Specifically, the replacement of synthetic fiber source with renewable biomass will reduce the environmental impact of these fibers. The future study will be focused on investigating the possible valorization route, especially in paper board, composite reinforcement, and bio composite applications.
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Lee, Ching Hao, Abdan Khalina, and Seng Hua Lee. "Importance of Interfacial Adhesion Condition on Characterization of Plant-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030438.
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Plant fibers have become a highly sought-after material in the recent days as a result of raising environmental awareness and the realization of harmful effects imposed by synthetic fibers. Natural plant fibers have been widely used as fillers in fabricating plant-fibers-reinforced polymer composites. However, owing to the completely opposite nature of the plant fibers and polymer matrix, treatment is often required to enhance the compatibility between these two materials. Interfacial adhesion mechanisms are among the most influential yet seldom discussed factors that affect the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plant-fibers-reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, this review paper expounds the importance of interfacial adhesion condition on the properties of plant-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The advantages and disadvantages of natural plant fibers are discussed. Four important interface mechanism, namely interdiffusion, electrostatic adhesion, chemical adhesion, and mechanical interlocking are highlighted. In addition, quantifying and analysis techniques of interfacial adhesion condition is demonstrated. Lastly, the importance of interfacial adhesion condition on the performances of the plant fiber polymer composites performances is discussed. It can be seen that the physical and thermal properties as well as flexural strength of the composites are highly dependent on the interfacial adhesion condition.
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Piyatuchsananon, Taweesak, Akira Furuya, Baosheng Ren, and Koichi Goda. "Effect of Fiber Waviness on Tensile Strength of a Flax-Sliver-Reinforced Composite Material." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/345398.
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Recently, a composite material made from natural fibers and biodegradable resin, “green composite,” is attracting attention as an alternative composite material for the replacement of glass fiber-reinforced plastics. Plant-based natural fibers such as kenaf and flax have already been used as composite reinforcement materials because they are more environmentally friendly and costless fibers than artificial fibers. A problem of using natural fibers is the fiber waviness, which affects the tensile properties. Fiber waviness is fluctuation in the fiber orientation that is inherent in the sliver morphology of plant-based natural fibers. This study was conducted to clarify the relation between quantified parameters of fiber waviness and a composite’s tensile strength. First, the fiber orientation angles on a flax-sliver-reinforced composite were measured. Then the angle distribution was quantified through spatial autocorrelation analysis methods: Local Moran’sIand Local Geary’sc. Finally, the relation between the resultant tensile strength and quantified parameters was discussed.
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Bokhari, Hassiba, Aicha Bouhafsoun, Nassima Draou, Chahra Rouba, Siham Mansouri, and Abderezzak Djabeur. "Biometrics analysis of the stem fibers of some local Algerian plant species." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i2.3326.
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Studying the biometric characteristics of the stems of plant species has been of great interest to researchers in the wood and paper industry. The use of plant fibers has been widespread in the fields of composites, buildings, insulation, plastics and automobiles. The present study aimed to investigate the biometric characteristics of the stem fibers of local Algerian plant species, viz. Group 1 (Lygeum spartum and Stipa tenacissima), Group 2 (Linum usitatissimum in the greenhouse and Linum usitatissimum in natural conditions), Group 3 (Retama monosperma and Retama raetam) and Group 4 (Phoenix dactylifera and Ricinus communis). The extraction process was carried out using 1 M NaOH at 60 °C for 48 hours, and the fiber length was calculated for all the species using a micrometer. The fiber length of stems of all the species ranged from 0.36 to 5.18 mm. Then, the difference between each of the two species was approximated using Student's test. The results obtained showed that the t value ranged from 0.50 to 1.79 for Groups 4 and 1, respectively. There was no significant difference between them. These results suggest that these species are promising raw materials for paper production due to their adequate fibre length.
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Zhang, WX, and LM Yang. "Analysis of Multi Scale Structure for Plant Fibers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 560 (August 26, 2020): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/560/1/012020.
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Kaurase, Kalpit P., and Dalbir Singh. "Delonix Regia Fruit Fibers: A New Potential Source of Cellulosic Fibers." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.185.
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Lignocellulosic fibers have attracted the attention of researchers, academicians and industries in recent years. These fibers have several advantages as compared to conventionally used fibers such as availability in abundance in nature as it can be extracted from almost every plants, biodegradability, environmental friendliness, high specific strength, etc. Cellulose content of fiber depends on the chemical constituents of the source plant from which it is extracted hence it becomes necessary to understand the constituents of lignocellulosic fibers before its application. In this paper, a new source (Delonix Regia Fruit) of cellulosic fibers has been evaluated and chemical constituents of Delonix Regia fruit fiber has been compared with several lignocellulosic plant fibers. Also, Delonix Regia Fruit fibers are presented as a new source of cellulose and Chemical methods are used for extraction of cellulose from it. Chemically Treated and untreated fibers are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to understand the effect of chemical treatment, properties of the cellulose yield. From the results compositional analysis it can be seen that Delonix Regia fruit fibers have 66.9% cellulose content which is very high as compared to most of the popular sources which makes it suitable and cost effective to extract cellulose from it and can be used in biocomposites and bionanocomposites. Analysis of FT-IR spectra of untreated and chemically treated Delonix Regia Fruit Fibers revealed the removal of hemi-cellulose and lignin by chemical treatments followed. TGA-DTG results proved that highly purified yield of cellulose is successfully extracted by the chemical route followed.
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Habbar, Ghania, Abdelhakim Maizia, Abdelkader Hocine, João Ribeiro, and Mohamed Houcine Dhaou. "Micromechanical Analysis of a Bio-Sandwich Application for Cylinder under Pressure." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6030069.
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In recent years, there has been a growing replacement of synthetic fibers by natural ones, particularly by autochthonous materials. In the case of Algeria, the most abundant plant resources are the PALF (Pineapple leaf fiber), the date palm, and the Alfa fibers. In this work, the development and use of analytical and numerical methods are proposed to predict the mechanical properties of layers based on natural fibers that will be applied to manufacture skins of the sandwich cylinder. To achieve these predictions, four analytical models were used, namely the Halpin–Tsai, the Chamis, the Hashin vs. Rosen, and the ROM. The analytical results were compared with the numerical simulations and experimental data. The prediction of the elastic properties of the three fiber-based eco-composites showed an important dispersion in terms of stiffness.
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Amin, Muhammad Nasir, Waqas Ahmad, Kaffayatullah Khan, and Ayaz Ahmad. "A Comprehensive Review of Types, Properties, Treatment Methods and Application of Plant Fibers in Construction and Building Materials." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124362.
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Sustainable development involves the usage of alternative sustainable materials in order to sustain the excessive depletion of natural resources. Plant fibers, as a “green” material, are progressively gaining the attention of various researchers in the field of construction for their potential use in composites for stepping towards sustainable development. This study aims to provide a scientometric review of the summarized background of plant fibers and their applications as construction and building materials. Studies from the past two decades are summarized. Quantitative assessment of research progress is made by using connections and maps between bibliometric data that are compiled for the analysis of plant fibers using Scopus. Data refinement techniques are also used. Plant fibers are potentially used to enhance the mechanical properties of a composite. It is revealed from the literature that plant-fiber-reinforced composites have comparable properties in comparison to composites reinforced with artificial/steel fibers for civil engineering applications, such as construction materials, bridge piers, canal linings, soil reinforcement, pavements, acoustic treatment, insulation materials, etc. However, the biodegradable nature of plant fibers is still a hindrance to their application as a structural material. For this purpose, different surface and chemical treatment methods have been proposed in past studies to improve their durability. It can be surmised from the gathered data that the compressive and flexural strengths of plant-fiber-reinforced cementitious composites are increased by up to 43% and 67%, respectively, with respect to a reference composite. In the literature, alkaline treatment has been reported as an effective and economical method for treating plant fibers. Environmental degradation due to excessive consumption of natural resources and fossil fuels for the construction industry, along with the burning of waste plant fibers, can be reduced by incorporating said fibers in cementitious composites to reduce landfill pollution and, ultimately, achieve sustainable development.
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Neuba, Lucas de Mendonça, Raí Felipe Pereira Junio, Andressa Teixeira Souza, Matheus Pereira Ribeiro, Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça da Silveira, Thuane Teixeira da Silva, Artur Camposo Pereira, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Evaluation of the Change in Density with the Diameter and Thermal Analysis of the Seven-Islands-Sedge Fiber." Polymers 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 3687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173687.
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Basic properties of sedge fibers from the seven-islands-sedge plant (Cyperus malaccensis) were investigated with possible application in reinforcing composite materials. A dimensional distribution and the effect of fiber diameter on density were investigated using gas pycnometry. The Weibull method, used to statistically analyze the acquired data from the diameter intervals, indicated an inverse dependence, where the thinnest fibers had the highest density values. The morphology of the fibers was obtained through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in which a lower presence of defects was revealed in the thinner fibers, corroborating the inverse density dependence. In addition, the sedge fiber was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, which indicate an initial thermal degradation at around 241 °C. These results revealed for the first time that thinner sedge fibers might be promising reinforcement for polymer composites with a limit in temperature application.
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Mokaddem, Allel, Bendouma Doumi, Mohammed Belkheir, and Amina Touimi. "Comparative Analysis on the Elastic Behavior of Composite Materials Based on Plant Fibers: Bamboo / Epoxy and Coconut / Epoxy." Current Materials Science 12, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666145412666191106111630.
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Background: The exploitation by the industries of vegetable fibers in the field of composite materials has made it possible to reduce the dependency of oil which is the result of their mechanical properties, their thermal resistance and biodegradability. Methods: In this work, we carried out a comparative study by a genetic simulation on two materials based on different natural reinforcements (Bamboo and Coconut) to see the influence of its fibers on the elastic behavior of bio-composite materials. Results: The results of our genetic simulation showed that Bamboo / Epoxy is more resistant than Coconut / Epoxy and that shear damage of Bamboo / Epoxy is lower than that of Coconut / Epoxy by 11 to 12.5%. Conclusion: The results are similar to the results given by Rao KMM where he showed by experimental tests that Bamboo fiber is the most resistant when compared with other fibers especially coconut fiber.
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Velusamy, K., P. Navaneethakrishnan, Vendan S. Arungalai, and Kumar K. Saravana. "Experimental Investigations to Evaluate the Mechanical Properties and Behavior of Raw and Alkali Treated King’s Crown (Calotropis Gigantea) Fiber to be Employed for Fabricating Fiber Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.73.
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A fiber extracted from King’s crown plant belonging to apoceynaceal family is a budding component identified for potential use in composites. It is imperative to evaluate the parametric and property based features to determine its suitability. This study focuses on evaluating the properties/ behavior of raw fibers and fibers treated with various concentrations of NaOH. Considering the possible application of the fiber composites, the aptness of these fibers are examined with respect to their physical, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties. The outcome of the analysis emphasizes that the fibers treated with NaOH outperforms the raw fibers in terms of its tensile strength. Added to this, the fibers treated with NaOH have maximum cellulose and minimum wax content, thereby exhibiting their superior chemical stability. Further, the thermal analysis clearly indicates that the temperature peak shifts to a higher region in the treated fiber compared to raw fiber.
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Gorshkov, Oleg, Tatyana Chernova, Natalia Mokshina, Natalia Gogoleva, Dmitry Suslov, Alexander Tkachenko, and Tatyana Gorshkova. "Intrusive Growth of Phloem Fibers in Flax Stem: Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles." Plants 8, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8020047.
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Phloem fibers are important elements of plant architecture and the target product of many fiber crops. A key stage in fiber development is intrusive elongation, the mechanisms of which are largely unknown. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in intrusivelygrowing fibers obtained by laser microdissection from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stem revealed all 124 known flax miRNA from 23 gene families and the potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. A comparison of the expression between phloem fibers at different developmental stages, and parenchyma and xylem tissues demonstrated that members of miR159, miR166, miR167, miR319, miR396 families were down-regulated in intrusively growing fibers. Some putative target genes of these miRNA families, such as those putatively encoding growth-regulating factors, an argonaute family protein, and a homeobox-leucine zipper family protein were up-regulated in elongating fibers. miR160, miR169, miR390, and miR394 showed increased expression. Changes in the expression levels of miRNAs and their target genes did not match expectations for the majority of predicted target genes. Taken together, poorly understood intrusive fiber elongation, the key process of phloem fiber development, was characterized from a miRNA-target point of view, giving new insights into its regulation.
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Liu, Guoyuan, Ji Liu, Wenfeng Pei, Xihua Li, Nuohan Wang, Jianjiang Ma, Xinshan Zang, et al. "Analysis of the MIR160 gene family and the role of MIR160a_A05 in regulating fiber length in cotton." Planta 250, no. 6 (October 16, 2019): 2147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03271-7.
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Abstract Main conclusion The MIR160 family in Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense was characterized, and miR160a_A05 was found to increase cotton-fiber length by downregulating its target gene (ARF17) and several GH3 genes. Abstract Cotton fiber is the most important raw material for the textile industry. MicroRNAs are involved in regulating cotton-fiber development, but a role in fiber elongation has not been demonstrated. In this study, miR160a was found to be differentially expressed in elongating fibers between two interspecific (between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) backcross inbred lines (BILs) with different fiber lengths. The gene MIR160 colocalized with a previously mapped fiber-length quantitative trait locus. Its target gene ARF17 was differentially expressed between the two BILs during fiber elongation, but in the inverse fashion. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the MIR160 family in both G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Moreover, qRT–PCR analysis identified MIR160a as the functional MIR160 gene encoding the miR160a precursor during fiber elongation. Using virus-induced gene silencing and overexpression, overexpressed MIR160a_A05 resulted in significantly longer fibers compared with wild type, whereas suppression of miR160 resulted in significantly shorter fibers. Expression levels of the target gene auxin-response factor 17 (ARF17) and related genes GH3 in the two BILs and/or the virus-infected plants demonstrated similar changes in response to modulation of miR160a level. Finally, overexpression or suppression of miR160 increased or decreased, respectively, the cellular level of indole-3-acetic acid, which is involved in fiber elongation. These results describe a specific regulatory mechanism for fiber elongation in cotton that can be utilized for future crop improvement.
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Hamad, Sameer F., Nicola Stehling, Simon A. Hayes, Joel P. Foreman, and C. Rodenburg. "Exploiting Plasma Exposed, Natural Surface Nanostructures in Ramie Fibers for Polymer Composite Applications." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2019): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101631.
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Nanoscale surface morphology of plant fibers has important implications for the interfacial bonding in fiber-polymer composites. In this study, we investigated and quantified the effect of plasma-surface modification on ramie plant fibers as a potential tool for simple and efficient surface modification. The extensive investigation of the effects of plasma treatment of the fiber surface nano-morphology and its effect on the fiber-polymer interface was performed by Low-Voltages Scanning Electron Microscopy (LV-SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, fiber-resin angle measurements and mechanical (tensile) testing. The LV-SEM imaging of uncoated plasma treated fibers reveals nanostructures such as microfibrils and elementary fibrils and their importance for fiber mechanical properties, fiber wettability, and fiber-polymer matrix interlocking which all peak at short plasma treatment times. Thus, such treatment can be an effective in modifying the fiber surface characteristics and fiber-polymer matrix interlocking favorably for composite applications.
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Lv, Chun, Jie Liu, Guoliang Guo, and Yanming Zhang. "The Mechanical Properties of Plant Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 4134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194134.
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Both geopolymer and plant fiber (PF) meet the requirements of sustainable development. Geopolymers have the advantages of simple preparation process, conservation and environmental protection, high early strength, wide source of raw materials, and low cost. They have broad application prospects and are considered as the most potential cementitious materials to replace cement. However, due to the ceramic-like shape and brittleness of geopolymers, their flexural strength and tensile strength are poor, and they are sensitive to microcracks. In order to solve the brittleness problem of geopolymers, the toughness of composites can be improved by adding fibers. Adding fibers to geopolymers can limit the growth of cracks and enhance the ductility, toughness and tensile strength of geopolymers. PF is a good natural polymer material, with the advantages of low density, high aspect ratio. It is not only cheap, easy to obtain, abundant sources, but also can be repeatedly processed and biodegradable. PF has high strength and low hardness, which can improve the toughness of composites. Nowadays, the research and engineering application of plant fiber-reinforced geopolymers (PFRGs) are more and more extensive. In this paper, the recent studies on mechanical properties of PFRGs were reviewed. The characteristics of plant fibers and the composition, structure and properties of geopolymers were reviewed. The compatibility of geopolymer material and plant fiber and the degradation of fiber in the substrate were analyzed. From the perspective of the effect of plant fibers on the compression, tensile and bending properties of geopolymer, the reinforcing mechanism of plant fibers on geopolymer was analyzed. Meanwhile, the effect of PF pretreatment on the mechanical properties of the PFRGs was analyzed. Through the comprehensive analysis of PFFRGs, the limitations and recommendations of PFFRG are put forward.
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Jariwala, Hitesh, and Piyush Jain. "A review on mechanical behavior of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites and its applications." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, no. 10 (February 7, 2019): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419828524.
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In the last decade, natural plant fibers (jute, sisal, coir, banana, hemp, kenaf, flax, etc.) are getting attention from many researchers and academicians to utilize it as an alternate reinforcement of synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites. These fibers are becoming a great replacement of conventional fibers (such as glass, carbon, and aramid) due to their light weight, low cost, carbon neutrality, fairly good mechanical properties, high specific strength, and biodegradability characteristics. Some chemical treatments are required to enhance the fiber matrix interfacial strength and to minimize the moisture absorption by these fibers which would ultimately improve physico-mechanical properties of these fiber reinforced composites. This paper is a review on mechanical properties of the natural plant fiber reinforced polymer composites and various factors affecting the mechanical performance of it. The tribological behavior of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites and scanning electron microscope analysis are also discussed. Some mathematical models are mentioned which are useful to predict mechanical behavior of the composites. It is found that Halpin–Tsai equation is the most effective equation amongst others in predicting Young’s modulus for short-fiber reinforced composites with minimum error. The applications of natural plant fiber reinforced polymer composites in various engineering fields are discussed.
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Zhai, Shengcheng, Yoshiki Horikawa, Tomoya Imai, and Junji Sugiyama. "Cell wall ultrastructure of palm leaf fibers." IAWA Journal 35, no. 2 (2014): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-00000054.
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The cell wall organization of leaf sheath fibers in different palm species was studied with polarized light microscopy (PLM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The secondary wall of the fibers consisted of only two layers, S1 and S2. The thickness of the S1 layer in leaf sheath fibers from the different palm species ranged from 0.31 to 0.90 μm, with a mean value of 0.57 μm, which was thicker than that of tracheids and fibers in secondary xylem of conifers and dicotyledons. The thickness of the S2 layer ranged from 0.44 to 3.43 μm, with a mean value of 1.86 μm. The ratio of S1 thickness to the whole cell wall thickness in palm fibers appears to be higher than in secondary xylem fibers and tracheids. The lignin in the fiber walls is very electron dense which makes it difficult to obtain high contrast of the different layers in the secondary wall. To clarify the cell wall layering with cellulose microfibrils in different orientations, the fibrovascular bundles of the windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) were delignified with different reaction time intervals. The treated fibers were surveyed using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and TEM. The secondary fiber walls of windmill palm clearly showed only two layers at different reaction intervals with different lignin contents, even after almost all lignin was removed. We suggest that the two-layered structure in the secondary wall of palm leaf fibers, which presumably also applies to the homologous fibers in palm stems, is a specific character different from the fibers in other monocotyledons (such as bamboo and rattan) and dicot wood.
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Amoy Netto, Pedro, Giulio Rodrigues Altoé, Frederico Muylaert Margem, Fabio de Oliveira Braga, Sergio Neves Monteiro, and Jean Igor Margem. "Correlation between the Density and the Diameter of Fique Fibers." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.377.
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Environmental considerations in addition to technical, economical and societal benefits are contributing to promote the substitution of natural fibers for glass fiber in polymer matrix composites. However, natural fibers are heterogeneous in their dimensions, specially the cross section diameter, which plays an important role in their physical properties. The fibers extracted from the leaf of the fique plant (Furcraea andina) are a promising stiff natural fiber for composite reinforcement. In this work, a statistical analysis of the density of fique fibers using the Weibull methodology was performed. An attempt to correlate the fiber density with the diameter, precisely measured by means of a profile projector, was carried out. The results revealed an inverse dependence, adjusted to a hyperbolic equation, between the fique fiber diameter and corresponding density.
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HABIBUNNISA, SYED, Ruben Nerella, Srirama Chand Madduru, and RajaGopal Reddy S. "Physicochemical characterization of lignocellulose fibers obtained from seedpods of <i>Wrightia tinctoria</i> plant." AIMS Materials Science 9, no. 1 (2022): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2022009.
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<abstract> <p>Characterization of new innovative natural seed fibers from seedpods or fruits of various plants has increased popularly in textile, automotive, and construction industries due to various aspects, availability, and biodegradability. In addition, these fibers provide sustainable solutions to support technological innovation in numerous industrial applications. The current research aims to investigate the new lignocellulose fibers extracted from <italic>Wrightia tinctoria</italic> seedpods. The obtained Wrightia tinctoria seed fibers (WTSFs) were characterized via Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared-ray (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to understand the fibers physicochemical properties. Complete experimental study of natural seed fibers of <italic>Wrightia tinctoria</italic> found to be a lignocellulose fiber and contains unique characteristics. Surface morphological studies reveal that, WTSFs contain smoother surface which is beneficial to develop a good bond with matrix while making composites. It does not get wet quickly with water due to fatty, wax, mineral matters, and higher lignin content on the fiber surface which means the fiber is soft compared with other natural seed fibers. These unique properties of WTSFs ascertain as a suitable material for polymer fabrication process, which would be favourable to develop good bonding with the matrix for making composites and also useful for insulating composite materials.</p> </abstract>
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Gao, Weifan, Sukumar Saha, Din-Pow Ma, Yufang Guo, Johnie N. Jenkins, and David M. Stelly. "A Cotton-Fiber-Associated Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Gene: Characterization and Chromosomal Location." International Journal of Plant Genomics 2012 (June 14, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/613812.
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A cotton fiber cDNA and its genomic sequences encoding an A-type cyclin-dependent kinase (GhCDKA) were cloned and characterized. The encoded GhCDKA protein contains the conserved cyclin-binding, ATP binding, and catalytic domains. Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the GhCDKA transcript was high in 5–10 DPA fibers, moderate in 15 and 20 DPA fibers and roots, and low in flowers and leaves. GhCDKA protein levels in fibers increased from 5–15 DPA, peaked at 15 DPA, and decreased from 15 t0 20 DPA. The differential expression of GhCDKA suggested that the gene might play an important role in fiber development. The GhCDKA sequence data was used to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers specific for the CDKA gene in cotton. A primer specific to one of the SNPs was used to locate the CDKA gene to chromosome 16 by deletion analysis using a series of hypoaneuploid interspecific hybrids.
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Zhong, Xinyu, Yaowen Zhu, Shuaijun Liu, Jingjing Fu, Hong Lin, and Chunxia He. "Performance analysis of four plant fiber/polyvinyl chloride composites under two degradation conditions with water or seawater with xenon lamp." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 4, 2020): 4672–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.4672-4688.
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To explore the properties of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) used in maritime climates, four different plant fibers (bamboo, rice straw, wheat straw, reed straw), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were used to prepare WPCs through extrusion. The composites were subjected to either seawater immersion + xenon lamp aging or deionized water spray + xenon lamp aging. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength), color change, and water absorption performance were analyzed. The plant fibers were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the microstructures of the surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reed fiber had the highest crystallinity; reed/PVC composites had good interface with the plastic matrix, less internal defects, and the best comprehensive performance, with a tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength of 25.4 MPa, 34.4 MPa, and 4.30 KJ·m-2, respectively. The simulated seawater immersion + xenon lamp aging reduced the performance of wood-plastic composites, destroyed the quality of the combination of plant fibers and plastic matrix, and created internal defects. The comprehensive mechanical properties of reed/PVC composites were the best. The properties of bamboo/PVC composites decreased the least, with a decrease of less than 41.2%.
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Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila, Ridhwan Jumaidin, Ahmad Ilyas Rushdan, Mohd Zulkefli Selamat, and Roziela Hanim Alamjuri. "Characterization of natural cellulosic fiber isolated from Malaysian Cymbopogan citratus leaves." BioResources 16, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 7729–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.7729-7750.
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A novel natural fiber derived from the Cymbopogan citratus plant was investigated for the first time. The characterization of the C. citratus fibers was conducted, and the chemical composition and physical, thermal, mechanical, crystallinity, and morphological characteristics were studied. The chemical composition analysis of Cymbopogan citratus fiber revealed that the suggested fiber was rich in cellulose contents (37.6%). The tensile test of C. citratus fiber demonstrated the fiber’s average tensile strength of 43.81 ± 15.27 MPa and modulus of elasticity of 1.046 ± 0.33 GPa. Further analysis with X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the crystallinity index of Cymbopogan citratus fiber was 35.2%, and the crystalline size was estimated as 4.28 nm. The Cymbopogan citratus fiber’s thermal stability was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and observed to be thermally stable (230 °C). A morphological investigation was employed on the fiber via a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The morphological study result exhibited that the fiber had a perforated and rough surface with the lumen in the center. Thus, the findings revealed that the Cymbopogan citratus fiber was a promising potential reinforcement for thermoplastic green composite applications.
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Stawski, Dawid, Ebru Çalişkan, Nazire Yilmaz, and Izabella Krucińska. "Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Fibers Obtained via Water- and Dew-Retting." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 5113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155113.
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In this research, fibers were extracted from different parts of the okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) via water- and dew-retting methods. The fibers were subjected to physical and thermal analyses. The fibers obtained from the upper part of the okra plant showed higher breaking strength and lower linear density. Fibers obtained via water-retting exhibited higher breaking strength, higher elongation at break rates, and lower linear density values. The paper also presents the results of thermogravimetric analysis of the okra fibers. Tests were carried out in oxygen and inert gas atmospheres. Slight differences were found in the thermal resistance of the tested fibers, which was confirmed by an analysis using the αs-αr methodology. The calculated activation energy showed a widespread range of values.
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Housseinpour, Reza, Ahmad Jahan Latibari, Ramin Farnood, Pedram Fatehi, and S. Javad Sepiddehdam. "Fiber Morphology and Chemical Composition of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus) Stems." IAWA Journal 31, no. 4 (2010): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000035.
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Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) stalks are widely available. Data on their fiber morphology and chemical composition is important to establish their best performance during pulping. This study found that average fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness, and lumen width of rapeseed were 1.32 mm, 31 μm, 5.75 μm, and 19.5 μm, respectively. Rapeseed fibers appear almost identical to wood fibers, but the accompanying vessel elements and parenchyma cells mean that small particles (fines) will be produced during refining. The chemical analysis of depithed rapeseed stalks showed that the cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, pentosan, and ash were 48.5%, 20%, 77.5%, 17%, and 6.6%, respectively. Alcoholacetone, hot water, cold water, and 1%-NaOH solubility were 6.6%, 5%, 13.8%, and 50.3%, respectively. These results indicate rapeseed stalks are suitable for pulping and papermaking.
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Ni, Tie Quan, Li Zhang, and Bing Yuan. "Influence of Wollastonite or Plant Fiber on Performance of Autoclaved Cement Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.692.
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The influence of wollastonite or plant fiber on the property of autoclaved cement concrete is studied by chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that the two fibers were benefit to bending strength of autoclaved cement concrete. The suitable content of wollastonite was about 15% of cement mass, and the increased amplitude of flexural strength was more than 30% and the compressive strength slightly increased for autoclaved cement concrete admixed wollastonite. The optimal content of plant fiber was about 1.5% of cement mass, the increased amplitude of the flexural strength was more than 20%, and the compressive strength change of autoclaved cement concrete was not significant for autoclaved cement concrete admixed plant fiber.
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Chong, Li, Sun Zhiyuan, Fan Hongzhen, Chen Chen, Li Junjie, Liu Qiao, Dai Jianhui, et al. "Effect of a promising CSESE pretreatment on the morphological structure and properties of jute fibers." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202049.
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Plant fiber has a complex aggregated structure, high crystallinity and a large number of hydrogen bonds, and has low chemical reaction activity. Therefore, in order to improve the reactivity, the plant fiber needs to be pretreated before chemical modification. Therefore, the pretreatment method has an important influence on the chemical modification of plant fibers. In this paper, Jute fibers were successively treated by particular continuous screw-extrusion steam explosion (CSESE). The effects on the morphological ructure, composition, thermal and crystalline properties of jute fibers before and after treated were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphological structure changed significantly after CSESE pretreatment, the diameter was smaller, the surface cracks and the specific surface area increased. There was no new functional groups appeared in fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Composition analysis demonstrated that the content of hemicellulose and extractive decreased, but cellulose and lignin increased. The crystallinity of JSE increased from 66.31 % to 70.19 %. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that the cellulose and lignin content increased. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the initial decomposition temperature of JSE increased from 334.4 to 355.2°C. DMA indicated that the Tg of JSE reduced from 92.6 to 90.0°C. Therefore, for jute fiber, the CSESE pretreatment is an effective and promising pretreatment method for further chemical modification, biofuels and chemical products.
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Buljeta, Ivana, Ina Ćorković, Anita Pichler, Josip Šimunović, and Mirela Kopjar. "Application of Citrus and Apple Fibers for Formulation of Quercetin/Fiber Aggregates: Impact of Quercetin Concentration." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 3582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243582.
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Among flavonoids, quercetin has gained special attention due to its positive biological activities. Quercetin’s disadvantages, such as its hydrophobic nature, poor solubility, and permeability, could be overcome by complexation with different polymers. Dietary fibers are known as carriers of polyphenols, which can protect them from environmental conditions and thus allow them to be absorbed. In this study, apple and citrus fibers (as applicable food by-products) were used as carriers of quercetin. A constant amount of fibers (1%) and different concentrations of quercetin solution (5 mM, 10 mM, and 20 mM) were complexed. Obtained fiber aggregates were subjected to HPLC to determine the quercetin concentration and antioxidant activity of aggregates (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays). IR spectra were recorded to confirm complexation of quercetin with selected fibers, and an additional DSC study was performed to evaluate the thermal stability of fiber aggregates. The results of HPLC analysis showed that quercetin had higher affinity towards apple fiber than citrus fiber, without proportional trends of adsorption. Consequently, apple fiber aggregates had higher antioxidant potential than citrus fiber aggregates. FTIR-ATR analysis showed the formation of new bands and the loss of existing bands when quercetin was present. Adsorption of quercetin also had an impact on the thermal stability of formulated fiber aggregates. For apple fiber, this impact was negative, while for citrus fiber, the impact was positive. These results could contribute to greater understanding of quercetin’s behavior during the preparation of food additives based on polyphenols and fibers.
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Ponnu Krishnan, P., and J. Selwin Rajadurai. "Microscopical, physico-chemical, mineralogical, and mechanical characterization of Sansevieria zeylanica fibers as potential reinforcement of composite structures." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 811–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316653461.
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The aim of this article is to examine for the first time the morphological, physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of a new kind of fibers, extracted from the leaves of a plant of the Asparagaceae family, to make it possible to use them as potential reinforcement for composite structures. The fibers were extracted from the leaves of Sansevieria zeylanica by decortication process. The presence of mechanical fibers and ribbon fibers were identified through the anatomy of Sansevieria zeylanica leaves. The hierarchical cell structure of these fibers was analyzed through polarized optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It consists of primary cell wall, secondary cell wall, fiber lumen, and middle lamellae. The chemical composition of the natural fibers, in terms of cellulose 76.12%, hemicelluloses 9.32%, lignin 4.28%, and ash content 1.36%, was analyzed by using standard test methods and compared with other natural fibers. The fiber density and fineness were found to be 0.945 ± 0.004 g/cm3 and 8.35 tex, respectively. The thermal behavior of the fiber was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetric analysis. The initial degradation temperature of the cellulose component is 304℃. The results obtained through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed the presence of cellulose with the crystallinity index of 66.67%. Finally, single fiber tensile tests have been performed to assess the mechanical properties. Tensile test of Sansevieria zeylanica fibers showed the tensile strength of 359 MPa and Youngs modulus of 8 GPa.
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Wei, Shi Ju, Jian Li Tan, Wan Li Lu, Le Ping Liu, Shu Juan Yu, and Guang Jian Zheng. "Preparation and Performances of Geopolymer-Based Plant Fiber Composites." Solid State Phenomena 281 (August 2018): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.281.266.
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Geopolymer-based plant fiber composites were fabricated with metakaolin, alkaline sodium silicate and plant fibers. In this paper, orthogonal test and single factor analysis were used to study the influence of water glass modulus, solid liquid ratio and fiber content on bending strength. The results show that sequence of influence factors for bending strength was: solid to liquid ratio > fiber content > water glass modulus. When the water glass modulus is 1.7, the fiber content is 8% and the solid to liquid ratio is 1:1.4, the bending strength is up to 10.44MPa, which exceeds the Standard requirements (9MPa) specified by the China National Standard (GB/T 24312-2009). The micro-morphology of SEM indicates that the mix of plant fiber can enhance the toughness of geopolymer.
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Li, Yan, Yan Ping Hu, Chun Jing Hu, and Ye Hong Yu. "Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.553.
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Natural fibers are excellent substitute materials for man made fibers in making fiber reinforced composites due to their high specific strength and modulus, low density, low price, easy availability in some countries, recyclable and degradable properties. They have raised great attentions among material scientists and engineers in the past decade. Many researches have been conducted to study the mechanical properties, especially interfacial properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. However, the properties, such as mechanical performances, moisture absorption behaviors, et. al of natural fibers themselves have been seldom investigated. Knowing the relationship between microstructures and properties of natural fibers are important for understanding the bulk properties of natural fiber composites and also good instructions for designing bio-mimic materials. In this study, four kinds of natural fibers which were extracted from different plant sources were investigated. The microstructures of these natural fibers were revealed with the aid of optical microscopy. Microstructure models were thereof set up and mechanical properties for the representative volume element were assumed. Fiber bundle fracture models together with probability statistics analysis were employed to calculate the mechanical properties of natural fibers. The results were compared with the experimental measurements. Different mechanical behaviors of natural fibers which were functioned differently in the nature were clearly explained by the above studies
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Sun, Xu, Jin-Feng Cui, Xiu-Jie Jia, Chuan-Wei Zhang, Fang-Yi Li, Jian-Feng Li, Jian-Yong Li, Shuai Chen, Qi Xie, and Jie Xu. "Starch and Plant Fiber Reinforced Biodegradable Composites with Open Cell Structures." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2019.1868.
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In order to figure out the effect of different starches on the properties of starch-based composites, new biodegradable composites with open cell structure were prepared through thermo-cavity foam molding using four different type starches (corn starch (CS), wheat starch (WS), potato starch (PS), and sweet potato starch (SPS)) and sisal fibers as main raw materials. Mechanical properties of the biodegradable composites were tested. The order of tensile and compressive strength of the composites was as follows: SPS-based composite > CS-based composite > PS-based composite > WS-based composite. Following X-ray diffraction, the infrared spectrum analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and viscosity test were employed to gain comprehensive views on the effect of the different starch microstructures on the properties of the biodegradable composites. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline index of the SPS and CS were lower than those of PS and WS. Amorphous starch more easily combined with the sisal fiber, which is the deep reason that the SPS-based composite had the best tensile strength. Moreover, the infrared spectrum analysis indicated that SPS molecules demonstrated more hydroxyl groups than the others. The hydroxyl group in the SPS molecules formed more hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group in the sisal fibers. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that SPS bonded tightly with sisal fibers uniform open cell structure in the biodegradable composites. The order of the viscosities of the different starch slurry was: WS slurry > PS slurry > CS slurry > SPS slurry. The lower the crystalline index of the starch, the larger the amorphous zone, the lower the viscosity of the starch slurry, and the better the rheological properties are. In this case, the SPS and sisal fibers can combine well, and the SPS-based composites offer improved mechanical properties.
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Sadrmanesh, Vahid, and Ying Chen. "Selected Properties of Two Alternative Plant Fibers: Canola and Sweet Clover Fibers." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 7877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227877.
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Identifying sustainable resources of natural fibers is essential due to their high demand in industrial applications such as automotive and biomedical materials. Two alternative fibers obtained from canola and sweet clover stalks were characterized for their properties using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and tensile test. Hemp and flax fibers, both in use as industrial fibers, were also characterized as conventional fibers. Results showed that all the fibers had the same chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and potassium) and chemical bonds. The crystallinity index for the alternative fibers ranged from 62 to 71%, which was close but lower than the conventional fibers (82% for hemp and 80% for flax). The thermal stability of the alternative fibers was around 220 °C, close to the conventional fibers (230 °C). The alternative fibers had contact angles of less than 90°, showing high surface energy. Since the alternative fibers had a low Young’s modulus and tensile strength (5.57–8.52 GPa and 57.45–71.26 MPa, respectively), they are suitable for some specific applications in the biomedical industry. In contrast, conventional fibers are suitable where a higher stiffness and strength is required.
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Lv, Chun, Hongtao Shen, Jie Liu, Dan Wu, Enxiang Qu, and Shuang Liu. "Properties of 3D Printing Fiber-Reinforced Geopolymers Based on Interlayer Bonding and Anisotropy." Materials 15, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 8032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228032.
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The engineering applications and related researches of 3D printing fiber-reinforced geopolymers are becoming more and more extensive. However, compared with traditional mould-casted cement-based materials, the properties of 3D-printed fiber-reinforced geopolymers are significantly different, and their interlayer bonding and anisotropy effects are less studied, so in-depth analysis and summary are needed. Similar to common cement-based materials, the reinforcement fibers for geopolymers include not only traditional fibers, such as steel fibers and carbon fibers, but also synthetic polymer fibers and natural polymer fibers. These fibers have unique properties, most of which have good mechanical properties and bonding properties with geopolymers, as well as excellent crack resistance and enhancement. This paper summarizes and analyzes the effects of traditional fibers, polymer fibers, plant fibers and other reinforcement fibers on the properties of 3D-printed fiber-reinforced geopolymers, especially on the interlayer bonding and anisotropy. The influence of the flow and thixotropic properties of fiber-reinforced fresh geopolymer on the weak bond and anisotropy between layers is summarized and analyzed. At the same time, the influence of fibers on the compressive strength, flexural strength and interlayer binding strength of the hardened geopolymers is investigated. The effect of fibers on the anisotropy of 3D-printed geopolymers and the methods to improve the interlayer binding degree are summarized. The limitations of 3D printing fiber-reinforced geopolymers are pointed out and some suggestions for improvement are put forward. Finally, the research on 3D printing fiber-reinforced geopolymers is summarized. This paper provides a reference for further improving the interlayer bonding strength of 3D-printed fiber-reinforced geopolymers. At the same time, the anisotropy properties of 3D-printed fiber-reinforced geopolymers are used to provide a basis for engineering applications.
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Li, Xianliang, Hang Liu, and Zhichang Zhao. "Magnetic Bead Adsorption Extraction of Xyloglucan Endoglucosidase/Hydrolase Gene and Its Expression Analysis in Land Cotton." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2021.2091.
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The xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) genes are proposed to encode enzymes responsible for cleaving and reattaching xyloglucan polymers. Despite prior identification of the XTH gene family in Arabidopsis and rice, the XTH family in upland cotton, a tetraploid plant whose fiber cell is an excellent model for the study of plant cell elongation, is yet uncharacterized. In this study, iron tetroxide based magnetic nanobead (Fe3O4 NPs) was successfully prepared and applied to extract xyloglucan endoglucosidase/hydrolase genes. Analysis of the genes can provide insight into the evolutionary significance and function of the XTH gene family. A total of 41 XTH genes found by searching the phytozomev 10 database were classified into three groups based on their phylogeny and the motifs of individual genes. The 25 and 5 GhXTH genes occurred as clusters resulting from the segmental and tandem duplication. More frequent duplication events in cotton contributed to the expansion of the family. Global microarray analysis of GhXTH gene expression in cotton fibers showed that 18 GhXTH genes could be divided into two clusters and four subclusters based on their expression patterns. Accumulated expression levels were relatively high at the elongation stages of the cotton fibers, suggesting that cotton fiber elongation requires high amounts of the GhXTH protein. The expression profiles of GhXTH3 and GhXTH4 showed by quantitative realtime PCR were similar to those determined by microarray. Additionally, the expression levels of GhXTH3 and GhXTH4 in Gossypium barbadense were higher than those in Gossypium hirsutum at developmental stages, indicating that expression levels of GhXTH3 and GhXTH4 in fibers varied among cultivars differing in fiber length.
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Lian, Wenwei, Jin Zhang, Zhong Xue, Mingfu Li, and Tao Huang. "Comparison and Analysis on Moisture Absorption Performances of Pineapple Leaf Fiber and Other Plant Fibers." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, no. 17 (2014): 5861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.18304.
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Jayaprakash, Kuzhandaivel, Atieh Osama, Rajinikanth Rajagopal, Bernard Goyette, and Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan. "Agriculture Waste Biomass Repurposed into Natural Fibers: A Circular Bioeconomy Perspective." Bioengineering 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9070296.
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Fibers come from natural and fossil resources and are an essential commodity widely used by textile industries. Considering current supply and future demands, the repurposing of agricultural residues into fibers is an eco-friendly, attractive option that might mitigate environmental pollution. In this review, we have summarized multiple alternate secondary sources for fiber production, with a case study using banana plant residual biomass, a common agricultural waste in many developing countries. Specifically, in this review we have compared the different processing methods, e.g., chemical, mechanical, or biological methods, for repurposing agricultural residual biomass (including banana waste) into fibers. The development and analysis of an integrated biorefinery approach is needed to promote the fiber production from various agro-residual biomasses within the framework of circular bioeconomic concepts.
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Liu, Xiaofan, Jixiang Li, Fengyun Li, Junguang Wang, and Haijun Lu. "Study on the Properties of an Ecotype Mortar with Rice Husks and Sisal Fibers." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 4, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5513303.
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Adding plant fibers such as rice husks or sisals to the mortar is one of the main methods to reuse the agricultural wastes and reduce the energy consumption of building industry. However, recent research showed some limitation of the mortar mixed with plant fibers. In this paper, sisal fibers and rice husks were added together into cement mortar to investigate its mechanical properties and the optimum mixture ratio of sisal fiber and rice husk by mix ratio test and orthogonal test. The microstructure of the sisal fiber was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand how the properties of the mortar were affected. Results showed that adding sisal fiber and rice husk into cement mortar significantly improved the mechanic property, anticrack performance, and impermeability of the mortar. The highest compressive strength and flexural strength can reach 17.1 MPa and 3.3 MPa. The area of early cracks was reduced by 100%, and the maximum seepage pressure was 0.36 MPa. The microstructure analysis also indicated that adding rice husk and sisal fiber have a positive effect on the mortar. These results support that adding 0.1% volume admixture of 16 mm length sisal fiber with 35% rice husk into mortar is helpful for engineering application.
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Baltiņa, I., Z. Zamuška, V. Stramkale, and G. Strazds. "Physical Properties of Latvian Hemp Fibres." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 5, 2015): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol2.964.
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Each year more and more people focus on healthy, ecological and environmental-friendly living. Environmentally friendly lifestyle doesn’t mean that we are using only natural products, but attention is pointed to the manufacturing and production process also. The rapid development of recycled and biodegradable products causes expanding usage of hemp fibers both in household and technical textiles. The analysis of hemp cultivation and usage trends in the world and Europe shows that hemp cultivation and processing in Latvia has good perspectives. Product quality is influenced by raw materials. In this case it is hemp fiber descriptive characteristics. Hemp fibers are natural fibers and their properties varies according to plant growing regional climatic conditions, amount of manure, plant density, harvesting time and pre-treatment technological processes. There are studied the influence of above mentioned factors on chemical composition, geometrical and physical properties of the Latvian hemp fiber both local and foreign cultivars. The work was carried out in cooperation between Riga Technical University, Textile Technology and Design Institute and the Agriculture Science Centre of Latgale.
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Azraaie, Noriean, Nurul Aimi Mohd Zainul Abidin, Nur Ain Ibrahim, Nur Amira Mamat Razali, Fauziah Abdul Aziz, and Shahidan Radiman. "X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis of Cellulose from Banana (Musa acuminata) Pseudo-Stem Waste." Advanced Materials Research 895 (February 2014): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.895.174.
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Alkali treatment and bleaching have been applied on banana fibers obtained from harvested pseudo-stem of the banana plant Musa acuminata collected in Banting, Selangor, Malaysia. The structure and morphology of the fibers have been found to be affected by the used of alkaline treatment and bleaching. The crystallite size and percentage crystallinity of the untreated (raw banana fibers) and treated (microfibrils cellulose) fibers were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). XRD studies shows that the treated cellulose prepared by such chemical treatment (alkali and bleaching treatment) were more crystalline than the untreated banana fibers.
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Nurazzi, N. M., M. R. M. Asyraf, M. Rayung, M. N. F. Norrrahim, S. S. Shazleen, M. S. A. Rani, A. R. Shafi, et al. "Thermogravimetric Analysis Properties of Cellulosic Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A Review on Influence of Chemical Treatments." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162710.
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Natural fiber such as bamboo fiber, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber, kenaf fiber, and sugar palm fiber-reinforced polymer composites are being increasingly developed for lightweight structures with high specific strength in the automotive, marine, aerospace, and construction industries with significant economic benefits, sustainability, and environmental benefits. The plant-based natural fibers are hydrophilic, which is incompatible with hydrophobic polymer matrices. This leads to a reduction of their interfacial bonding and to the poor thermal stability performance of the resulting fiber-reinforced polymer composite. Based on the literature, the effect of chemical treatment of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites had significantly influenced the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) together with the thermal stability performance of the composite structure. In this review, the effect of chemical treatments used on cellulose natural fiber-reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer composites has been reviewed. From the present review, the TGA data are useful as guidance in determining the purity and composition of the composites’ structures, drying, and the ignition temperatures of materials. Knowing the stability temperatures of compounds based on their weight, changes in the temperature dependence is another factor to consider regarding the effectiveness of chemical treatments for the purpose of synergizing the chemical bonding between the natural fiber with polymer matrix or with the synthetic fibers.
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Abd-ElGawad, Ahmed M., Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Giuliano Bonanomi, and Yasser A. El-Amier. "Ecological Insight, Anatomical Features, and Fiber Characterization of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forrsk.) Decne. as a Promising Resource." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416895.
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Wild plants are considered promising natural eco-friendly resources for fibers. Leptadenia pyrotechnica is a xerophytic shrub that flourishes in a sandy desert habitat with high biomass production; therefore, it could be a potential resource for fibers. The present study aimed to investigate the vegetation composition of L. pyrotechnica communities and their correlation with soil variables. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the anatomical features of the stem as well as fiber characteristics, including chemical, biometry, morphological, and optical properties. The vegetation analysis showed the presence of 60 species belonging to 22 families, with a prevalence of therophytes. Four communities were determined, dominated by L. pyrotechnica and with co-dominance of the shrubs Haloxylon salicornicum, Ochradenus baccatus, and Retama raetam. The soil organic matter, salinity, texture, and cations were parameters that substantially affect the L. pyrotechnica community. The anatomical investigation showed the structural (anatomical) adaptation of L. pyrotechnica to arid habitats. Chemical analysis of the raw plant material revealed satisfactory levels of cellulose and hemicellulose (48.61% and 18.59%), while lignin and ash contents were relatively low, compared to hardwoods and softwoods. The fiber characterization revealed that fibesr length was 0.72 mm, while width and cell wall thickness were 20.46 and 6.48 μm, respectively. The optical properties revealed a birefringence of 0.028, indicating a good refractive index. These fiber characteristics showed that L. pyrotechnica could be used as raw material for the production of good-quality paper. A further feasibility study is recommended for the evaluation of L. pyrotechnica fibers, as a promising resource for papermaking at a large scale.
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Berni, Roberto, Giampiero Cai, Jean-Francois Hausman, and Gea Guerriero. "Plant Fibers and Phenolics: A Review on Their Synthesis, Analysis and Combined Use for Biomaterials with New Properties." Fibers 7, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7090080.
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Devising environmental-friendly processes in biotechnology is a priority in the current economic scenario. We are witnessing a constant and steady push towards finding sustainable solutions to societal challenges by promoting innovation-driven activities minimizing the environmental impact and valorizing natural resources. In bioeconomy, plants are among the most important renewable sources of both fibers (woody and cellulosic) and phytochemicals, which find applications in many industrial sectors, spanning from the textile, to the biocomposite, medical, nutraceutical, and pharma sectors. Given the key role of plants as natural sources of (macro)molecules, we here provide a compendium on the use of plant fibers functionalized/impregnated with phytochemicals (in particular phenolic extracts). The goal is to review the various applications of natural fibers functionalized with plant phenolics and to valorize those plants that are source of both fibers and phytochemicals.
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Cho, Moonsung, and Iván Santibáñez Koref. "The Importance of a Filament-like Structure in Aerial Dispersal and the Rarefaction Effect of Air Molecules on a Nanoscale Fiber: Detailed Physics in Spiders’ Ballooning." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 864–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa063.
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Synopsis Many flying insects utilize a membranous structure for flight, which is known as a “wing.” However, some spiders use silk fibers for their aerial dispersal. It is well known that spiders can disperse over hundreds of kilometers and rise several kilometers above the ground in this way. However, little is known about the ballooning mechanisms of spiders, owing to the lack of quantitative data. Recently, Cho et al. discovered previously unknown information on the types and physical properties of spiders’ ballooning silks. According to the data, a crab spider weighing 20 mg spins 50–60 ballooning silks simultaneously, which are about 200 nm thick and 3.22 m long for their flight. Based on these physical dimensions of ballooning silks, the significance of these filament-like structures is explained by a theoretical analysis reviewing the fluid-dynamics of an anisotropic particle (like a filament or a high-slender body). (1) The filament-like structure is materially efficient geometry to produce (or harvest, in the case of passive flight) fluid-dynamic force in a low Reynolds number flow regime. (2) Multiple nanoscale fibers are the result of the physical characteristics of a thin fiber, the drag of which is proportional to its length but not to its diameter. Because of this nonlinear characteristic of a fiber, spinning multiple thin ballooning fibers is, for spiders, a better way to produce drag forces than spinning a single thick spider silk, because spiders can maximize their drag on the ballooning fibers using the same amount of silk dope. (3) The mean thickness of fibers, 200 nm, is constrained by the mechanical strength of the ballooning fibers and the rarefaction effect of air molecules on a nanoscale fiber, because the slip condition on a fiber could predominate if the thickness of the fiber becomes thinner than 100 nm.
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Li, Chao Fei, Guo Ping Chen, and Shui Wen Zhu. "Study on the Properties of Straw Fiber Reinforced Cement-Based Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.997.
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Plant fiber concrete in the cement base material (cement, mortar or concrete) to join the natural plant fiber, to form a new type of concrete, its advantages can improve the performance of concrete, concrete to reduce costs, save energy. Understanding straw fibers mixed with concrete, the variation in performance, with the same concrete than different content, physical and mechanical properties of the different shapes straw fiber concrete test analysis of the concrete compressive strength, splitting the variation of tensile strength, flexural strength, and economic aspects of performance, to provide a reference for further study of the straw fiber reinforced concrete and other performance and application.
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Shaltout, K. H. "Dimension analysis ofThymelaea hirsuta (L.) ENDL. fibers." Feddes Repertorium 103, no. 1-2 (February 1992): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4921030118.
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Badagliacco, Dionisio, Carmelo Sanfilippo, Bartolomeo Megna, Tommaso La Mantia, and Antonino Valenza. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Insulating Sustainable Mortars with Ampelodesmos mauritanicus and Pennisetum setaceum Plants as Aggregates." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 5910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11135910.
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The use of natural fibers in cement composites is a widening research field as their application can enhance the mechanical and thermal behavior of cement mortars and limit their carbon footprint. In this paper, two different wild grasses, i.e., Ampelodesmos mauritanicus, also called diss, and Pennisetum setaceum, also known as crimson fountaingrass, are used as a source of natural aggregates for cement mortars. The main purpose is to assess the possibility of using the more invasive crimson fountaingrass in place of diss in cement-based vegetable concrete. The two plant fibers have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), helium picnometry and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of fiber panels has been measured. Mortars samples have been prepared using untreated, boiled and Polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) treated fibers. The mechanical characterization has been performed by means of three point bending and compression tests. Thermal conductivity and porosity have been measured to characterize physical modification induced by fibers’ treatments. The results showed better thermal and mechanical properties of diss fiber composites than fountaingrass one and that fiber treatments lead to a reduction of the thermal insulation properties.
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Neuba, Lucas de Mendonça, Raí Felipe Pereira Junio, Andressa Teixeira Souza, Matheus Pereira Ribeiro, Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça da Silveira, Thuane Teixeira da Silva, Artur Camposo Pereira, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Mechanical Properties, Critical Length, and Interfacial Strength of Seven-Islands-Sedge Fibers (Cyperus malaccensis) for Possible Epoxy Matrix Reinforcement." Polymers 14, no. 18 (September 12, 2022): 3807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183807.
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The growing concern about the limitation of non-renewable resources has brought a focus on the development of environmentally sustainable and biodegradable composite materials. In this context, a trend in the development of natural fibers used as a reinforcement in composites is ever-increasing. In this work, for the first-time, fibers extracted from the seven-islands-sedge plant (Cyperus malaccensis) have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to calculate the crystallinity index and the microfibrillar angle (MFA). Also, an evaluation of the ultimate tensile strength by diameter intervals has been investigated and statistically analyzed by both the Weibull method and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Moreover, the maximum deformation and tensile modulus have been found from the data acquired. Pullout tests have been conducted to investigate the critical length and interfacial strength when sedge fibers, are incorporated into epoxy resin matrix. Microstructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to observe the mechanism responsible for causing rupture of the fiber as well as the effective fiber interfacial adhesion to the epoxy matrix.