Academic literature on the topic 'Plant fibers Analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Plant fibers Analysis"
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Ndoumou, Rémy Legrand, Damien Soulat, Ahmad Rashed Labanieh, Manuela Ferreira, Lucien Meva’a, and Jean Atangana Ateba. "Characterization of Tensile Properties of Cola lepidota Fibers." Fibers 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib10010006.
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Plant fibers are being increasingly explored for their use in engineering polymers and composites, and many works have described their properties, especially for flax and hemp fibers. Nevertheless, the availability of plant fibers varies according to the geographical location on the planet. This study presents the first work on the mechanical properties of a tropical fiber extracted from the bast of Cola lepidota (CL) plant. After a debarking step, CL fibers were extracted manually by wet-retting. The tensile properties are first identified experimentally at the fibers scale, and the analysis of the results shows the great influence of the cross-section parameters (diameter, intrinsic porosities) on these properties. Tensile properties of CL fibers are also predicted by the impregnated fiber bundle test (IFBT). At this scale of bundles, a hackling step, which reduces shives and contributes to the parallelization of the fibers within bundles, improves tensile properties predicted by IFBT. The comparison with the properties of plant fibers given in the literature shows that CL fibers have tensile properties in the same range as kenaf, flax or hemp fibers.
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Lemita, Nourelhouda, Samir Deghboudj, Mansour Rokbi, Fares Mohammed Laid Rekbi, and Rafik Halimi. "Characterization and analysis of novel natural cellulosic fiber extracted from Strelitzia reginae plant." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211049285.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate in detail the usability of new cellulosic fibers extracted from the stem of the plant Strelitzia reginae, as a potential reinforcement for polymer composites. The morphological, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of fibers were addressed for the first time in this paper. Both untreated and alkali-treated fibers were characterized, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and applying tensile test for determining the mechanical behavior. For both fiber treated at one hour (T1H) and at four hours (T4H), the stem anatomy and fiber SEM micrographs showed a strong presence of fiber cells. Thermogravimetry and DSC showed that the fiber was thermally stable up to 233°C for untreated fiber, 254 and 240°C, respectively, In single-fiber tensile tests, it was observed that the fibers extracted from the stem of Strelitzia reginae were strong. The mean values of Young’s modulus exhibited by untreated fibers and treated (T1H) and (T4H) are, respectively, 9.89 GPa, 12.08, and 18.39 GPa. Also mean values of tensile strength are 271.79, 306.23, and 421.39 MPa. The XRD reveals the presence of cellulose with a Crystallinity Index of 70% for raw fiber and 72% for the treated one. Fourier-transform infrared analysis well demonstrated the effect of chemical treatment. It can be concluded from the results of all above experiments that the Strelitzia reginae fibers (SR) could serve as a possible reinforcement in composite materials.
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Guo, Miaocai, and Xiaosu Yi. "Effect of Paper or Silver Nanowires-Loaded Paper Interleaves on the Electrical Conductivity and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Composites." Aerospace 5, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace5030077.
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The effect of plant-fiber paper or silver nanowires-loaded paper interleaves on the electrical conductivity and interlaminar fracture toughness of composites was studied. Highly conductive paper was prepared by surface-loaded silver nanowires. The percolation threshold appeared at about 0.4 g/m2. The surface resistivity reached 2.3 Ω/sq when the areal density of silver nanowires was 0.95 g/m2. After interleaving the conductive papers in the composite interlayers, in-plane electrical conductivity perpendicular to the fiber direction was increased by 171 times and conductivity through thickness direction was increased by 2.81 times. However, Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness decreased by 67.3% and 66.9%, respectively. Microscopic analysis showed that the improvement of conductivity was attributable to the formation of an electrical conducting network of silver nanowires which played a role in electrical connection of carbon fiber plies and the interleaving layers. However, the density of the highly packed flat plant fibers impeded the infiltration of resin. The parallel distribution of flat fibers to the carbon plies, and poor resin-fiber interface made the interlaminar fracture occur mainly at the interface of plant fibers and resin inside the interleaves, resulting in a decline of the interlaminar fracture toughness. The surface-loading of silver nanowires further impeded the infiltration of resin in the densely packed plant fibers, resulting in further decline of the fracture toughness.
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Baye, Belete, and Tamrat Tesfaye. "Characterization of a New Fiber from Cyperus Dichrostachus A.Rich Plant." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (September 9, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4868809.
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Natural fibers have been good substitute sources for swapping synthetic fibers and reinforcing polymer matrices because of their contributions in maintaining ecology, low energy requirement for processing, and maintaining sustainability issues. The aim of this study was to characterize a new fiber from Cyperus Dichrostachus A.Rich (CDA) plant. The CDA plant is a perennial nonwoody grass found in Ethiopian high lands and river basins. The fiber from this plant has a chemical composition of cellulose (60.27%), hemicellulose (22.72%), and lignin (16.59%) contents. It has a density of 1010 kg/m3 and good tenacity of 105.76 cN/Tex with low elongation of 4.88%. The thermal stability of Cyperus Dicrostachus A.Rich fiber (CDAF) was studied using TGA and DTG analyses and revealed that the cellulose degraded at a temperature of 377.1°C. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that CDAF is rich in cellulose content. Additionally, CDAF can play a vital role as a new reinforcement material and best alternative in bio composite industries. This will give competitive advantages when evaluated with other natural fibers and reveal that there are significant potential benefits in implementation of “cleaner production” in textile material production industries. Specifically, the replacement of synthetic fiber source with renewable biomass will reduce the environmental impact of these fibers. The future study will be focused on investigating the possible valorization route, especially in paper board, composite reinforcement, and bio composite applications.
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Lee, Ching Hao, Abdan Khalina, and Seng Hua Lee. "Importance of Interfacial Adhesion Condition on Characterization of Plant-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030438.
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Plant fibers have become a highly sought-after material in the recent days as a result of raising environmental awareness and the realization of harmful effects imposed by synthetic fibers. Natural plant fibers have been widely used as fillers in fabricating plant-fibers-reinforced polymer composites. However, owing to the completely opposite nature of the plant fibers and polymer matrix, treatment is often required to enhance the compatibility between these two materials. Interfacial adhesion mechanisms are among the most influential yet seldom discussed factors that affect the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plant-fibers-reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, this review paper expounds the importance of interfacial adhesion condition on the properties of plant-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The advantages and disadvantages of natural plant fibers are discussed. Four important interface mechanism, namely interdiffusion, electrostatic adhesion, chemical adhesion, and mechanical interlocking are highlighted. In addition, quantifying and analysis techniques of interfacial adhesion condition is demonstrated. Lastly, the importance of interfacial adhesion condition on the performances of the plant fiber polymer composites performances is discussed. It can be seen that the physical and thermal properties as well as flexural strength of the composites are highly dependent on the interfacial adhesion condition.
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Piyatuchsananon, Taweesak, Akira Furuya, Baosheng Ren, and Koichi Goda. "Effect of Fiber Waviness on Tensile Strength of a Flax-Sliver-Reinforced Composite Material." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/345398.
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Recently, a composite material made from natural fibers and biodegradable resin, “green composite,” is attracting attention as an alternative composite material for the replacement of glass fiber-reinforced plastics. Plant-based natural fibers such as kenaf and flax have already been used as composite reinforcement materials because they are more environmentally friendly and costless fibers than artificial fibers. A problem of using natural fibers is the fiber waviness, which affects the tensile properties. Fiber waviness is fluctuation in the fiber orientation that is inherent in the sliver morphology of plant-based natural fibers. This study was conducted to clarify the relation between quantified parameters of fiber waviness and a composite’s tensile strength. First, the fiber orientation angles on a flax-sliver-reinforced composite were measured. Then the angle distribution was quantified through spatial autocorrelation analysis methods: Local Moran’sIand Local Geary’sc. Finally, the relation between the resultant tensile strength and quantified parameters was discussed.
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Bokhari, Hassiba, Aicha Bouhafsoun, Nassima Draou, Chahra Rouba, Siham Mansouri, and Abderezzak Djabeur. "Biometrics analysis of the stem fibers of some local Algerian plant species." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i2.3326.
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Studying the biometric characteristics of the stems of plant species has been of great interest to researchers in the wood and paper industry. The use of plant fibers has been widespread in the fields of composites, buildings, insulation, plastics and automobiles. The present study aimed to investigate the biometric characteristics of the stem fibers of local Algerian plant species, viz. Group 1 (Lygeum spartum and Stipa tenacissima), Group 2 (Linum usitatissimum in the greenhouse and Linum usitatissimum in natural conditions), Group 3 (Retama monosperma and Retama raetam) and Group 4 (Phoenix dactylifera and Ricinus communis). The extraction process was carried out using 1 M NaOH at 60 °C for 48 hours, and the fiber length was calculated for all the species using a micrometer. The fiber length of stems of all the species ranged from 0.36 to 5.18 mm. Then, the difference between each of the two species was approximated using Student's test. The results obtained showed that the t value ranged from 0.50 to 1.79 for Groups 4 and 1, respectively. There was no significant difference between them. These results suggest that these species are promising raw materials for paper production due to their adequate fibre length.
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Zhang, WX, and LM Yang. "Analysis of Multi Scale Structure for Plant Fibers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 560 (August 26, 2020): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/560/1/012020.
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Kaurase, Kalpit P., and Dalbir Singh. "Delonix Regia Fruit Fibers: A New Potential Source of Cellulosic Fibers." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.185.
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Lignocellulosic fibers have attracted the attention of researchers, academicians and industries in recent years. These fibers have several advantages as compared to conventionally used fibers such as availability in abundance in nature as it can be extracted from almost every plants, biodegradability, environmental friendliness, high specific strength, etc. Cellulose content of fiber depends on the chemical constituents of the source plant from which it is extracted hence it becomes necessary to understand the constituents of lignocellulosic fibers before its application. In this paper, a new source (Delonix Regia Fruit) of cellulosic fibers has been evaluated and chemical constituents of Delonix Regia fruit fiber has been compared with several lignocellulosic plant fibers. Also, Delonix Regia Fruit fibers are presented as a new source of cellulose and Chemical methods are used for extraction of cellulose from it. Chemically Treated and untreated fibers are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to understand the effect of chemical treatment, properties of the cellulose yield. From the results compositional analysis it can be seen that Delonix Regia fruit fibers have 66.9% cellulose content which is very high as compared to most of the popular sources which makes it suitable and cost effective to extract cellulose from it and can be used in biocomposites and bionanocomposites. Analysis of FT-IR spectra of untreated and chemically treated Delonix Regia Fruit Fibers revealed the removal of hemi-cellulose and lignin by chemical treatments followed. TGA-DTG results proved that highly purified yield of cellulose is successfully extracted by the chemical route followed.
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Habbar, Ghania, Abdelhakim Maizia, Abdelkader Hocine, João Ribeiro, and Mohamed Houcine Dhaou. "Micromechanical Analysis of a Bio-Sandwich Application for Cylinder under Pressure." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6030069.
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In recent years, there has been a growing replacement of synthetic fibers by natural ones, particularly by autochthonous materials. In the case of Algeria, the most abundant plant resources are the PALF (Pineapple leaf fiber), the date palm, and the Alfa fibers. In this work, the development and use of analytical and numerical methods are proposed to predict the mechanical properties of layers based on natural fibers that will be applied to manufacture skins of the sandwich cylinder. To achieve these predictions, four analytical models were used, namely the Halpin–Tsai, the Chamis, the Hashin vs. Rosen, and the ROM. The analytical results were compared with the numerical simulations and experimental data. The prediction of the elastic properties of the three fiber-based eco-composites showed an important dispersion in terms of stiffness.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant fibers Analysis"
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Rowell, Louise. "Palynomorph retention on clothing under differing conditions." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0165.
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[Truncated abstract] Palynology has been used in a number of criminal cases where pollen and spores (palynomorphs) on clothing has featured as evidence. Pollen and spores are microscopic, generally morphologically unique to a plant genus and often species, resistant to decay, produced in large amounts and are components of soil. These unique features of pollen and spores make palynology a highly valuable forensic tool. Clothing is an excellent collector of pollen and spores as they become trapped in the fabric weave when clothing is brushed against flowering plants, comes into contact with dust, soil or air-borne pollen. Most forensic palynologists have found that palynomorphs from a crime scene may remain on clothing after washing or several days wear. No empirical research has been conducted on the retention of palynomorphs on clothing under differing conditions. Research of this kind is required to provide support for the future presentation and validation of palynological evidence in court. This project examined the relative retention of palynomorphs on clothing that had been worn during a simulated assault in a sheltered garden on the grounds of St George's College, Western Australia. Three replicate control soil samples each were collected from the actual assault scene and the whole garden to provide a baseline palynological profile for comparison to the experimental (Evidentiary) clothing samples. Forty pollen samples from the predominant species of plants in the garden and surrounds were collected, processed and databased as a reference for palynomorph identification. Standard T-shirts and jeans were chosen as the research clothing. During the simulated assault the knees of the jeans and the backs of the T-shirts came into abrasive contact with the soil of the garden for approximately one minute. The clothing then underwent three 'conditions' to simulate 'real life' situations. Three clothing sets were immediately collected after the assault (E1), three sets were worn for a period of three days after the assault (E2) and three sets were washed after the assault (E3). ... The Background clothing samples did not have a profile similar to the research garden but the profiles collected from each set reflected the areas to which they were worn. The number of palynomorphs per gram of garden soil ranged from thousands to tens-of-thousands of palynomorphs. The total number of palynomorphs collected by the E1 samples ranged from 100,000 to millions per clothing item. The E2 samples retained 1000's to tens-of-thousands of palynomorphs and the E3 samples retained 100's to 1000's of palynomorphs. The background clothing samples collected 1000's to tens-of-thousands of palynomorphs. These results confirm that jeans and T-shirts worn during an assault then worn for a period of days, or washed, will still contain pollen and spores characteristic of the assault area. This highlights the importance of investigating police enquiring where and for how long clothing of interest has been worn before and after an event, or if the clothing has been washed since the event. The results of this study will provide forensic palynologists with supportive data for future casework involving clothing.
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Chegdani, Faissal. "Analyse multiéchelle de l'usinage des matériaux biosourcés : Application aux agrocomposites." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0043/document.
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Les fibres naturelles telles que le lin, le chanvre, le bambou ou la miscanthus sont de plus en plus utilisées pour renforcer les composites industriels afin de réduire le poids, le coût et l’impact environnemental des produits. Elles remplacent les composites conventionnels tels que les composites à base de résine polymère et fibres synthétiques. Les méthodes de parachèvement par usinage de ces produits agrocomposites demeurent un verrou technologique et un défi scientifique. Ceci est dû principalement à la structure complexe des fibres végétales constituée de cellulose et issue des feuilles ou des tiges de plantes cultivées. Ce travail de thèse propose une analyse multiéchelle du comportement à la coupe de ces matériaux renouvelables qui exploite un procédé 2D de coupe orthogonale et un procédé 3D de coupe par fraisage. L’objectif étant de mieux appréhender les mécanismes physiques majeurs activés par le processus d’enlèvement de matière des agrocomposites. Aussi, pour identifier les effets d’échelle observés en usinage, une caractérisation tribo-mécanique des agrocomposites stratifiés par nanoindentation et rayage ainsi que des essais mécaniques spécifiques ont été réalisés. Les fibres végétales se différencient des fibres synthétiques par une flexibilité transversale qui leur confère une grande capacité à se déformer lors du contact avec l’outil de coupe. Ainsi, la rigidité mécanique du contact outil/matière contrôle ici la coupe par cisaillement plastique des fibres végétales et, par conséquence, la qualité de la surface usinée des agrocomposites. Les fibres végétales, associées à une matrice polymère thermoplastique, présentent par ailleurs un comportement mécanique élastoplastique avec un endommagement ductile lorsqu’elles sont sollicitées suivant leur direction transversale. Ceci explique la production de copeaux continus en usinage par opposition aux composites synthétiques conventionnels. Les comportements mécanique et tribologique des fibres végétales en usinage sont fonction de l’échelle de contact. Ceci explique le caractère multiéchelle de la coupe des agrocomposites dont l’usinabilité est intiment liée à la taille du renfort fibreuxNatural fibers such as flax, hemp, bamboo or miscanthus are increasingly used as fibrous reinforcement in order to reduce the weight, the cost and the environmental impact of products. They replace the conventional composites based on polymer resin and synthetic fibers. The finishing operations by machining of these biocomposite products remain a technological issue and a scientific challenge. This is mainly due to the complex structure of natural fibers composed of cellulose and extracted from plant leaf or plant stem. This research work provides a multiscale analysis of cutting behavior of these renewable materials in 2D orthogonal cutting and 3D milling processes. The primary objective is to better understand the major physical mechanisms activated by the material removal process of biocomposites. Furthermore, to identify the scale effects observed in machining, a tribo-mechanical characterization of stratified biocomposites by nanoindentation and scratch as well as specific mechanical tests were carried out. Natural fibers are distinguished from synthetic fibers by a transverse flexibility, which enable them good ability to deform upon contact with the cutting tool. Thus, the mechanical tool/material contact stiffness controls the cutting by plastic shearing of plant fibers and, consequently, it controls the quality of the biocomposite-machined surfaces. Otherwise, natural fibers, associated with a thermoplastic polymer matrix, have an elastoplastic behavior with a ductile damage when they are stressed in their transverse direction. This explains the production of continuous chips when machining biocomposites, unlike conventional synthetic composites. The mechanical and tribological behaviors of plant fibers in machining are dependent on the contact scale. This explains the multiscale cutting character of biocomposites where the machinability is intimately related to the size of the fibrous reinforcement
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An, Chuanfu. "SNP CHARACTERIZAITON AND GENETIC AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF MUTANTS AFFECTING FIBER DEVELOPMENT IN COTTON." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03302008-191842/.
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Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the worlds leading textile fiber crop, and an important source of oil and protein. Insufficient candidate gene derived-markers suitable for genetic mapping and limited information on genes that control economically important traits are the major impediments to the genetic improvement of Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.). The objectives of this study were to develop a SNP marker discovery strategy in tetraploid cotton species, SNP characterization and marker development from fiber initiation and elongation related genes, chromosomal assignment of these genes by SNP marker-based deletion analysis or linkage mapping, and genetic and molecular analysis of mutants affecting cotton fiber development. Phylogenetic grouping and comparision to At- and Dt-genome putative ancestral diploid species of allotetraploid cotton facilitated differentiation between genome specific polymorphisms (GSPs) and marker-suitable locus-specific polymorphisms (LSPs). By employing this strategry, a total of 222 and 108 SNPs were identified and the average frequency of SNP was 2.35% and 1.30% in six EXPANSIN A genes and six MYB genes, respectively. Both gene families showed independent and incongruent evolution in the two subgenomes and a faster evolution rate in Dt-genome than that in At-genome. SNPs were concordantly mapped to different chromsomes, which confirmed their value as candidate gene marker and indicated the reliability of SNP discovery stragey. QTL mapping by two F2 populations developed from fiber mutants detected major QTL which explain 62.8-87.1% of the phenotypic variation for lint percentage or lint index in the vicinity of BNL3482-138 on chromosome 26. Single marker regression analyses indicated STV79-108, which was located to the long arm of chromosome 12 (the known location of N1 and perhaps n2 loci), also had significant association (R2 % value 15.4-30.6) with lint percentage, lint index, embryo protein percentage and micronaire. Additional QTL and significant markers associated with other seed and fiber traits were detected on different chromosomes. Inheritance analysis indicated that both genetic models N1N1n2n2 and n2n2li3lisub>3 could lead to the fiberless phenotype. The observation of fuzzless-short lint phenotype indicated fiber initiation and elongation were controlled by different mechanisms. The penetrance of Li2 gene expression was observed in this study.
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Seghini, Maria Carolina. "Mechanical Analysis and Fibre/Matrix Interface Optimization for Next Generation of Basalt-Plant Fibre Hybrid Composites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0003.
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La prise de conscience mondiale des enjeux environnementaux a conduit à l’émergence de composites«verts», dans lesquels les fibres naturelles sont amenées à remplacer les fibres synthétiques. Ces nouveaux matériaux offrent des alternatives écologiques aux composites synthétiques traditionnels mais sont difficilement utilisables pour des applications semi-structurales ou structurales. Une solution possible à ce problème est le développement des composites hybrides, en combinant ensemble fibres naturelles et synthétiques. Dans ce cadre, l'objectif de cette étude était de développer des composites hybrides à base de fibres de basalte et de lin. Les composites hybrides ont été élaborés par moulage par infusion sous vide avec une matrice époxy. À des fins de comparaison,des composites 100% à fibres de lin et100%à fibres de basalte ont également été produits. Une caractérisation mécanique quasi-statique et dynamique amontré que l'hybridation permet d’obtenir un composite avec des propriétés mécaniques intermédiaires comparées à celles des composites à fibres de lin ou de basalte. Cependant, l’analyse approfondie des dommages a montré la nécessité d'optimiser la qualité d'adhésion de l'interface fibre/matrice afin d'accroître les performances mécaniques des composites hybrides obtenus. Pour cette raison, différents traitements de modification de surface ont été développés et étudiés pour les fibres de lin et de basalte. Un traitement physique par plasma (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) a été appliqué aux fibres de lin et de basalte. Les fibres de lin ont également été soumises à deux traitements chimiques utilisant des espèces enzymatiques et du CO2supercritique. Les effets des traitements sur la stabilité thermique, la morphologie et les propriétés mécaniques des fibres de lin et de basalte ont été étudiés. L’adhérence fibre/matrice a été analysée en réalisant des tests de fragmentation sur des composites monofilamentaires. La qualité de l'adhésion entre les fibres et les matrices époxy et vinylester a été évaluée en termes de longueur critique de fragment, de longueur de décohésion interfaciale et de résistance au cisaillement interfacial. La micto-tomographie haute résolution a été utilisée pour analyser les mécanismes d'endommagement lors des tests de fragmentation. Pour les deux types de fibres, les meilleurs résultat sont été obtenus grâce au traitement par plasma. Ce traitement a consisté à déposer un revêtement homogène de tétravinylsilane à la surface des fibres de basalte et de lin, ce qui a permis une augmentation significative de l’adhérence fibre/matrice, ouvrant ainsi la voie à la prochaine génération de composites hybrides plus respectueux de l’environnement et utilisables pour des applications semi-structuralesGlobal awareness of environmental issues has resulted in the emergence of “green” composites, in which natural fibres are used to replace synthetic ones. However, in semi-or structural applications, it can be inconvenient to use composites based on natural fibres. A possible solution to this problem is the development of hybrid composite materials, combining together plies of natural and synthetic fibres. In this framework, the aim of this research project was to develop basalt-flax fibre hybrid composites with a view to obtaining more environmentally friendly composites for semi-structural applications. Hybrid composites were produced through vacuum infusion molding with epoxy matrix.For comparison purposes, 100% flax fibre composites and 100% basalt fibre composites were also manufactured. A quasi-static and dynamic mechanical characterization showed that the hybridization allows the production of a composite with intermediate mechanical performances compared to those possessed by flax and basalt composites. However, the damage analysis has revealed the need to optimize the fibre/matrix interface adhesion quality, in order to increase the mechanical properties of the resulting hybrid composites. For this reason, different surface modification treatments have been specifically designed and investigated for flax and basalt fibres. Flax and basalt fibres were treated by the physical process of Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. Flax fibres were also subjected to two chemical treatments using enzymatic species and supercritical CO2. The effects of the surface modification treatments on the thermal stability, morphology and mechanical properties of flax and basalt fibres have been investigated. The degree and extent of fibre/matrix adhesion were analyzed by micromechanical fragmentation tests on monofilament composites. The adhesion quality between fibres and both epoxy and vinylester matrices has been assessed in terms of critical fragment length, debonding length and interfacial shear strength. High-resolution μ-CT has been used to support the analysis of the damage mechanisms during fragmentation tests. For both flax and basalt fibres, the best results were obtained after the plasma polymer deposition process. This process was able to produce a homogeneous tetravinylsilane coating on the surface of basalt and flax fibres, which resulted in a significant increase in the fibre/matrix adhesion, thus paving the way for the next generation of more environmentally friendly hybrid composites for semi-structural applications
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Magnusson, Hans. "From recovery boiler to integration of a textile fiber plant : Combination of mass balance analysis and chemical engineering." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37266.
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Modern chemical technology is an efficient tool for solving problems, particularly within the complex environment of the pulp and paper industry, and the combination of experimental studies, mill data and mass balance calculations are of fundamental importance to the development of the industry. In this study various examples are presented, whereby chemical technology is of fundamental importance. It is well documented that under normal conditions the molten salt mixture from the kraft recovery boiler flows down into the dissolving tank without problems. However, in the case of alternatives to the kraft recovery boiler, knowledge of more precise data of the molten salts is required for the design calculations. In this study the viscosity for the case of sodium carbonate and 30 mole% sulphide has been measured and is of the magnitude 2 – 3 cP at temperatures relevant for a recovery boiler, i.e. similar to water at room temperature. The presence of non-process elements (NPE) in a typical pulp mill has been investigated. The main input is with regards to the wood, and anticipated problems include; deposits in evaporators, high dead-load in liquor streams, plugging of the upper part of the recovery boiler and decreasing efficiency in the causticization department. Efficient green liquor clarification is of the greatest importance as an efficient kidney for many NPE. Mill data and calculations show that the magnesium added in the oxygen delignification does not form a closed loop. Integration of a prehydrolysis kraft pulp mill producing dissolving pulp with a plant producing viscose textile fiber could be highly beneficial. The prehydrolysis liquor will contain both sugars and acetic acid. It is however not possible to fully replace the sulphuric acid of the viscose spinning bath with acetic acid of own production. The sulphuric chemicals from the viscose plant can be partly taken care of in the kraft recovery area as well as the viscose plant which can be supplied with alkali and sulphuric acid. Zinc-containing effluents from the viscose plant can be treated with green liquor to precipitate zinc sulphide.Modern chemical technology is an extremely efficient tool for solving problems particularly in a complicated environment such as the pulp and paper industry. Here, examples are studied during which chemical technology is of fundamental importance. At normal conditions the molten salt mixture from the kraft recovery boiler flows down into the dissolving tank without hindrance. However, for certain kraft recovery boiler alternatives, knowledge of more precise data of the molten salts is required. The viscosity for the case of sodium carbonate and 30 mole% sulphide has been measured and is of the magnitude 2 – 3 cP at relevant temperatures. The main input of non-process elements (NPE) is down to the wood, and known problems include deposits in evaporators and decreasing efficiency in the causticization department. Green liquor clarification is an efficient kidney for many NPE. Magnesium added in the oxygen delignification does not form a closed loop. Integration of a prehydrolysis kraft pulp mill producing dissolving pulp with a plant producing viscose textile fiber could be of significant interest, as the handling of both alkali and sulphuric compounds can be integrated. Problems will however arise as the capacity of the pulping line and the chemical recovery has to be adjusted.
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Ragsdale, Paul Irwin. "Diallel analysis of within-boll seed yield components and fiber properties in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and breeding potential for heat tolerance." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/123.
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Moss, Tiffanie. "CHARACTERIZATION OF STRUCTURAL VARIANTS AND ASSOCIATED MICRORNAS IN FLAX FIBER AND LINSEED GENOTYPES BY BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS AND HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333648149.
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Cromer, Elaina. "A Comparative Analysis of the Nutrient Composition and Digestibility of California Perennial and Annual Grasses at Four Stages of Growth." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1787.
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Beef products represent the fourth largest agricultural commodity in the state of California, valuing more than $3 billion from 2013 to 2015 (CDFA, 2016) and procure 90% of the income for the range livestock industry (FRAP, 2003). Forages found on California’s coastal, desert, foothill, and mountain ranges are the basis of the state’s beef cattle industry. Understanding their nutritional quality of these forages is important for their effective use (George et al., 2001a; Waterman et al., 2014). The objectives of this research were to investigate the nutritional characteristics, and in situ digestbilities in Angus beef cattle, of common California annual and perennial grasses: wild oats (Avena barbata and Avena fatua), soft chess (Bromus hordeaceous), filaree (Erodium botrys), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus), creeping wildrye (Leymus tritichoides), melic (Melica californica, Melica imperfecta, Melica torreyana), foothill needlegrass (Nasella lepida), purple needlegrass (Nasella pulchra). Nutritional composition as a percentage of dry matter (crude protein, CP; neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF; and acid detergent lignin, ADL) and digestibilities were compared at four growth stages: late vegetative (LV), early reproductive (ER), late reproductive (LR), and dry (D). Plant samples were collected in San Luis Obispo County, CA. Crude protein concentrations decreased, and fiber concentrations increased, with maturity (P ≤ 0.05). Perennial grasses contained more NDF and ADF than annual grasses, across all growth stages (P ≤ 0.05). Annual grasses were significantly higher than perennials in dry matter digestibility (%DMD) at the 48 h incubation, when averaged across all growth stages (P ≤ 0.05); and at the LR and D stages, when averaged across all incubation periods (P ≤ 0.05). Within the annual grasses, %DMD was similar between ER, LR, and D stages. Within the perennial grasses, %DMD was similar between the LR and D stages (P ≤ 0.05).
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O'Hara, Ian Mark. "Cellulosic ethanol from sugarcane bagasse in Australia : exploring industry feasibility through systems analysis, techno-economic assessment and pilot plant development." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48119/1/Ian_OHara_Thesis_-_public_version.pdf.
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Overcoming many of the constraints to early stage investment in biofuels production from sugarcane bagasse in Australia requires an understanding of the complex technical, economic and systemic challenges associated with the transition of established sugar industry structures from single product agri-businesses to new diversified multi-product biorefineries. While positive investment decisions in new infrastructure requires technically feasible solutions and the attainment of project economic investment thresholds, many other systemic factors will influence the investment decision. These factors include the interrelationships between feedstock availability and energy use, competing product alternatives, technology acceptance and perceptions of project uncertainty and risk. This thesis explores the feasibility of a new cellulosic ethanol industry in Australia based on the large sugarcane fibre (bagasse) resource available. The research explores industry feasibility from multiple angles including the challenges of integrating ethanol production into an established sugarcane processing system, scoping the economic drivers and key variables relating to bioethanol projects and considering the impact of emerging technologies in improving industry feasibility. The opportunities available from pilot scale technology demonstration are also addressed. Systems analysis techniques are used to explore the interrelationships between the existing sugarcane industry and the developing cellulosic biofuels industry. This analysis has resulted in the development of a conceptual framework for a bagassebased cellulosic ethanol industry in Australia and uses this framework to assess the uncertainty in key project factors and investment risk. The analysis showed that the fundamental issue affecting investment in a cellulosic ethanol industry from sugarcane in Australia is the uncertainty in the future price of ethanol and government support that reduces the risks associated with early stage investment is likely to be necessary to promote commercialisation of this novel technology. Comprehensive techno-economic models have been developed and used to assess the potential quantum of ethanol production from sugarcane in Australia, to assess the feasibility of a soda-based biorefinery at the Racecourse Sugar Mill in Mackay, Queensland and to assess the feasibility of reducing the cost of production of fermentable sugars from the in-planta expression of cellulases in sugarcane in Australia. These assessments show that ethanol from sugarcane in Australia has the potential to make a significant contribution to reducing Australia’s transportation fuel requirements from fossil fuels and that economically viable projects exist depending upon assumptions relating to product price, ethanol taxation arrangements and greenhouse gas emission reduction incentives. The conceptual design and development of a novel pilot scale cellulosic ethanol research and development facility is also reported in this thesis. The establishment of this facility enables the technical and economic feasibility of new technologies to be assessed in a multi-partner, collaborative environment. As a key outcome of this work, this study has delivered a facility that will enable novel cellulosic ethanol technologies to be assessed in a low investment risk environment, reducing the potential risks associated with early stage investment in commercial projects and hence promoting more rapid technology uptake. While the study has focussed on an exploration of the feasibility of a commercial cellulosic ethanol industry from sugarcane in Australia, many of the same key issues will be of relevance to other sugarcane industries throughout the world seeking diversification of revenue through the implementation of novel cellulosic ethanol technologies.
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Queiroz, Damião Raniere. "Análise genética para caracteres agronômicos e tecnológicos de fibra em genótipos de algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Latifolium Hutch.)." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2740.
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This work aimed to estimate the general combining ability (GCA) and the specific combining ability (SCA) for agronomic traits among six upland cotton genotypes and their fifteen hybrid combinations; and to determine the predominant genetic effects in the control of the evaluated traits. In 2015, six cotton genotypes: FM 993, CNPA 04-2080, PSC 355, TAM B 139-17, IAC 26 and TAMCOT – CAMD-E, and fifteen hybrid combinations were evaluated at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Algodão, located in Patos - PB. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (PH, cm); appearance of the first flower (AFF, days); appearance of the first boll (AFB, days); weight of one boll (BW, g); cotton seed yield (CSY, kg/ha); lint percentage (LP, %); cotton fiber yield (LY, kg/ha); length (LEN, mm); uniformity (UNI, %); strength (STR, gf/tex), and fineness (FIN, IM). Diallel analysis was carried out according to the method 2, model 1 of Griffing (1956). Significant differences were detected between the treatments and between the combining abilities estimates (GCA and SCA). Additive effects were predominant for the following characteristics: PH, AFF, AFB, LP, LEN, UNI, STR, FIN and non-additive effects were predominant for: BW, CSY and LY. The genotypes CNPA 04- 2080, IAC 26 and FM 993 showed highest estimates of gi for yield, and the genotype TAM B 139-17 presented the highest estimates for fiber characteristics. In general, the best combinations were: FM 993 x PSC 355, FM 993 x TAMCOT-CAMD-E, CNPA 04-2080 x TAM B 139-17, CNPA 04-2080 x TAMCOT-CAMD-E, PSC 355 x IAC 26 and TAM B 139- 17 x IAC 26, since they have the largest SCA (sij) with at least one of the parents of high GCA (gi). Therefore, they are indicated for extraction of elite lines and for the obtainment of superior genotypes.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a capacidade geral (CGC) e específica (CEC) de combinação para características agronômicas e tecnológicas de fibra entre seis genótipos de algodoeiro herbáceo e suas quinze combinações híbridas, bem como determinar os efeitos genéticos predominantes no controle dos caracteres avaliados. Em 2015, seis genótipos de algodoeiro: FM 993, CNPA 04-2080, PSC 355, TAM B 139-17, IAC 26 e TAMCOT – CAMD-E e quinze combinações híbridas foram avaliadas na Estação Experimental da Embrapa Algodão, localizada em Patos - PB. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características: Altura de plantas (ALT, cm); Aparecimento da primeira flor (APF, dias); Aparecimento do primeiro capulho (APC, dias); Peso de um capulho (P1C, g); Produtividade de algodão em caroço (PROD, kg/ha); Porcentagem de fibras (PF, %); Produtividade de algodão em fibra (PRODF, kg/ha); Comprimento da fibra (COMP, mm); Uniformidade (UNF, %); Resistência (RES, gf/tex) e Finura (FIN, IM). Procedeu-se a análise dialélica, utilizando-se o método 2, modelo 1 segundo a metodologia proposta por Griffing (1956). Diferenças significativas foram detectadas entre os tratamentos e entre as capacidades combinatórias (CGC e CEC). Verificou-se predominância dos efeitos aditivos para as características: ALT, APF, APC, PF, COMP, UNF, RES, FIN e predominância dos efeitos não aditivos para: P1C, PROD e PRODF. Os genótipos CNPA 04-2080, IAC 26 e FM 993 apresentaram as maiores estimativas de gi para a produtividade, enquanto TAM B 139-17 obteve as maiores estimativas para as características de fibra. De um modo geral, as melhores combinações foram: FM 993 x PSC 355, FM 993 x TAMCOT-CAMD-E, CNPA 04-2080 x TAM B 139- 17, CNPA 04-2080 x TAMCOT-CAMD-E, PSC 355 x IAC 26 e TAM B 139-17 x IAC 26, por apresentarem as maiores CEC (Sij) com pelo menos um dos pais de alta CGC (gi ). Sendo assim, estas combinações são indicadas para extração de linhagens e obtenção de genótipos superiores.
Books on the topic "Plant fibers Analysis"
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Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division Symposium on Dietary Fiber-New Developments: Physiological Effects and Physicochemical Properties (1989 Dallas, Tex.). New developments in dietary fiber: Physiological, physicochemical, and analytical aspects. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.
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Analysis for design of fiber reinforced plastic vessels and pipings. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic Pub. Co., 1991.
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Linskens, H. F. Plant Fibers (Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, Vol 10). Springer, 1989.
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(Editor), Ivan Furda, and Charles J. Brine (Editor), eds. New Developments in Dietary Fiber: Physiological, Physicochemical and Analytical Aspects (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology). Springer, 1990.
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Hosseinian, Farah, B. Dave Oomah, and Rocio Campos-Vega. Dietary Fibre Functionality in Food and Nutraceuticals: From Plant to Gut. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2016.
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Hosseinian, Farah, B. Dave Oomah, and Rocio Campos-Vega. Dietary Fibre Functionality in Food and Nutraceuticals: From Plant to Gut. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2016.
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Hosseinian, Farah, B. Dave Oomah, and Rocio Campos-Vega. Dietary Fibre Functionality in Food and Nutraceuticals: From Plant to Gut. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2017.
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Hosseinian, Farah, B. Dave Oomah, and Rocio Campos-Vega. Dietary Fibre Functionality in Food and Nutraceuticals: From Plant to Gut. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2016.
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Sedaghat, Hassan. Real Analysis and Infinity. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895622.001.0001.
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Abstract Perfection is a fiction. In cooking we demand minute traces of herbs and spices to add flavour. All technologies are similar since only when we add impurities do the materials meet our needs. This is true for everything from making Stone Age tools to semiconductors, steel, glass optical fibres etc. In chemistry, impurities can speed up reactions (catalysis), in biology we call them enzymes. Without imperfections there would be neither evolution nor personal individuality. With understanding we have exploited imperfections to our advantage and enjoy technological benefits. When we fail to recognize our own faults, we revert to human failings of oppression, warfare, ill health and destruction of the planet. No previous science is required as the concepts are basically simple. Nevertheless, the book gives deep and useful insights into what is possible in technology. Recognizing and addressing human imperfections is far harder, but absolutely essential or we will destroy ourselves.
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G, Yuan F., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analysis of delamination in fiber composite laminates out-of-plane under bending. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Plant fibers Analysis"
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Selvendran, R. R., A. V. F. V. Verne, and R. M. Faulks. "Methods for Analysis of Dietary Fibre." In Plant Fibers, 234–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83349-6_13.
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Reid, J. S. G. "Analysis of Carbohydrates Conferring Hardness on Seeds." In Plant Fibers, 295–312. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83349-6_16.
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Mort, A. J., P. Komalavilas, G. L. Rorrer, and D. T. A. Lamport. "Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride and Cell-Wall Analysis." In Plant Fibers, 37–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83349-6_3.
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Swords, K. M. M., and L. A. Staehelin. "Analysis of Extensin Structure in Plant Cell Walls." In Plant Fibers, 219–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83349-6_12.
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Sternberg, L. Da Silveira Lobo. "Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Measurements in Plant Cellulose Analysis." In Plant Fibers, 89–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83349-6_5.
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Azuma, Jun-Ichi. "Analysis of Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes of Plant Cell Walls." In Plant Fibers, 100–126. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83349-6_6.
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Fry, S. C. "Analysis of Cross-Links in the Growing Cell Walls of Higher Plants." In Plant Fibers, 12–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83349-6_2.
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Dechyeva, Daryna, and Thomas Schmidt. "Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization on Extended Chromatin Fibers for High-Resolution Analysis of Plant Chromosomes." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 23–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3622-9_3.
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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Real-Time Element Movement in a Plant." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 109–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_4.
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AbstractWe developed an imaging method utilizing the available RIs. We developed two types of real-time RI imaging systems (RRIS), one for macroscopic imaging and the other for microscopic imaging. The principle of visualization was the same, converting the radiation to light by a Cs(Tl)I scintillator deposited on a fiber optic plate (FOS). Many nuclides were employed, including 14C, 18F, 22Na, 28Mg, 32P 33P, 35S, 42K, 45Ca, 48V, 54Mn, 55Fe, 59Fe, 65Zn, 86Rb, 109Cd, and 137Cs.Since radiation can penetrate the soil as well as water, the difference between soil culture and water culture was visualized. 137Cs was hardly absorbed by rice roots growing in soil, whereas water culture showed high absorption, which could provide some reassurance after the Fukushima Nuclear Accident and could indicate an important role of soil in firmly adsorbing the radioactive cesium.28Mg and 42K, whose production methods were presented, were applied for RRIS to visualize the absorption image from the roots. In addition to 28Mg and 42K, many nuclides were applied to image absorption in the roots. Each element showed a specific absorption speed and accumulation pattern. The image analysis of the absorption of Mg is presented as an example. Through successive images of the element absorption, phloem flow in the aboveground part of the plant was analyzed. The element absorption was visualized not only in the roots but also in the leaves, a basic study of foliar fertilization.In the case of the microscopic imaging system, a fluorescence microscope was modified to acquire three images at the same time: a light image, fluorescent image, and radiation image. Although the resolution of the image was estimated to be approximately 50 μm, superposition showed the expression site of the transporter gene and the actual 32P-phosphate absorption site to be the same in Arabidopsis roots.
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Chen, H. L., D. W. Foreman, and Kathryn A. Jakes. "X-ray Diffractometric Analyses of Microstructure of Mineralized Plant Fibers." In ACS Symposium Series, 187–201. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0625.ch015.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Plant fibers Analysis"
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Gorshkov, O. V., T. E. Chernova, N. E. Mokshina, N. E. Gogoleva, D. V. Suslov, A. A. Tkachenko, and T. A. Gorshkova. "Analysis of flax microRNA expression at key stages of development phloem fibers." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-132.
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LANGHORST, AMY, ANSHUL SINGHAL, DEBORAH MIELEWSKI, MIHAELA BANU, and ALAN TAUB. "NANOPARTICLE MODIFICATION OF NATURAL FIBERS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35868.
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Natural fibers are a lightweight, carbon negative alternative to synthetic reinforcing agents in polymer composites. However, natural fibers typically exhibit lower mechanical performance than glass fibers due to weak interfacial adhesion between plant cells in the fiber and damage to the fibers during extraction from a plant stem. However, improvement of natural fiber mechanical performance could enable their wide-scale incorporation in structural composite applications, significantly reducing composite weight and carbon footprint. This study seeks to develop a novel, cost-effective method to significantly improve natural fiber stiffness via repair of damage caused by extraction and/ or stiffening of the weak cellular interfaces within a natural fiber. Supercritical fluids have been shown to be capable of swelling and plasticizing amorphous polymers, increasing additive absorption. In this work. supercritical-carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used as a solvent to assist with infusion of nanoparticles into flax fibers at pressures ranging from 1200-4000psi. Fiber analysis with Plasma Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (PFIB-SEM) showed that nanoparticles were capable of penetrating and bridging openings between cells, suggesting the ability for nanoparticle treatment to assist with crack repair. Additionally, treated fibers contained uniform surface coatings of nanoparticles, potentially reducing fiber porosity and modifying interfacial properties when embedded in a polymer matrix. Overall, this method of nanoparticle reinforcement of natural fibers could enable development of high-performance lightweight, low-carbon footprint composites for transportation or industrial applications.
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Gund, Mahesh, and R. T. Vyavahare. "Finite Element Analysis of Ply Orientation Effect on Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Composite Material." In National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.118.27.
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In recent years, composite material is used as an alternative material for materials like metal, wood, etc. due to low in weight, strength to weight ratio and stiffness properties. Natural fibers like coir fiber, palm fiber, jute fiber, banana plant fiber, etc have low cost, easy availability and less harmful to human body. Also, carbon fiber having various properties such as high strength to weight ratio, rigidity, good tensile strength, fatigue resistance, fire resistance/not flammable, high thermal conductivity. This research work aims to find out the mechanical properties of Carbon fiber, Coir fiber and Epoxy composite material with different ply orientations angles by using FEA software Ansys APDL R15.0.
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Antunes, Pedro, Manuel Eduardo Ferreira, Maria Cândida Vilarinho, and José Carlos Teixeira. "Energy Analysis and Waste Valorization in a Kraft Paper Plant." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24002.
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Abstract Paper production is an energy intensive industry but due to the wastes of its process (black liquor, waste biomass, sludge) has the capacity to generate most of its energy internally. Central to this balance are cogeneration units that guarantee the internal production of heat and electricity. These are sized for the company’s thermal load, with excess electricity injected into the grid. The efficient use of endogenous resources is a major route for improving the energy and environmental efficiency of the plant. Some of the waste materials include biomass wastes, sludges and other industrial wastes such as plastics. The present work aims to identify the opportunity of introducing a waste biomass gasification plant and the use of the produced synthesis gas, replacing the natural gas currently used in the turbine included in the company’s cogeneration unit. In this scenario, one of the cogeneration units in its current configuration has two steam boilers (one biomass; one black liquor) and a gas turbine whose waste heat feeds a recovery boiler to produce steam. The work involved several steps: the energy balance of the unit, the characterization of biomass residues (mixing bark, pine bark, eucalyptus bark, and refuse fibers), the test experimental analysis of residual biomass gasification and the characterization of the synthesis gas produced. In the electric and thermal energy producing units, gas turbines have a working efficiency above 35% while the steam turbines is considerably lower (15%). The efficiency of the chemical recovery boiler (79.5%) is lower than that of the biomass boiler (89.5%). From the experimental analysis of biomass it was found that most of them have a carbon and hydrogen content higher than 48 % and 5 %, respectively. In terms of higher calorific value (HHV), for the biomass where it was possible to determine it, the value is between 19.3 and 23.6 MJ/kg. These properties reveal that the selected biomasses from within the company, have potential as fuels. The limitation on its use may be due to the ash content, which tends to exceed 10 %. A gasification test (90 % eucalyptus biomass and 10 % mixture biomass) was also carried out to produce syngas and further characterization. The calorific value of the gas produced was 18 MJ/kg, with an absolute density of 1.17 kg/m3. It can thus be seen that for a gas turbine with a 35.8 % efficiency with a workload of 29.9 MWe 4.6 kg/s of syngas is required.
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KAGENISHI, T., K. YOKAWA, C. LIN, K. TANAKA, R. TANAKA, and T. KAWANO. "CHEMILUMINESCENT AND BIOLUMINESCENT ANALYSIS OF PLANT CELL RESPONSES TO REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES PRODUCED BY A NEW WATER CONDITIONING APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH TITANIA-COATED PHOTO-CATALYTIC FIBERS." In Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812839589_0005.
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Zhuang, Linqi, and Ramesh Talreja. "Analysis of Formation of the Critical State in Tensile Failure of Unidirectional Composites." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50156.
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Unidirectional (UD) composites are building blocks in most load bearing structural components for lightweight applications in aerospace, automotive and wind energy industries. The loss of the structural load bearing capacity is governed by the instability of the fiber breakage process in the UD composites. When subjected to increasing or repeated tensile loading along fiber direction, the first failure event within these composites occurs as discrete fibers break at weak points followed by fiber/matrix debonding due to high stress concentration caused by fiber breaks. Upon further loading, or on repeated loading, more fiber breaks occur along with other accumulated damage events such as debond growth and matrix cracking. Final failure of a UD composite occurs when a critical fracture plane is formed by interconnecting individual broken fibers and associated debonding through matrix cracking. This failure process has emerged from numerous experimental studies, which also suggest that the critical fracture plane contains only a small number of broken fibers for commonly used composites such as glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy. However, the mechanisms underlying the critical fracture plane formation are not clear. As the first step to clarify the creation of a critical fracture plane, the conditions for connectivity of a broken fiber end with neighboring broken fibers is studied in this work. In order to investigate the local stress field surrounding the broken fiber, a finite element (FE) model is constructed in which six neighboring fibers are placed as a ring of concentric axisymmetric cylinder embedded in the matrix. The discrete fiber region is surrounded by a concentric outer cylinder ring of homogenized composite. The entire FE model is subjected to axial tensile loading. To account for the consequence of the stress enhancement at the broken fiber end, a debond crack at the fiber/matrix interface extending a short distance from the fiber end is included in the analysis. Realizing that the debond crack by itself would not connect with other fiber failures, focus of the stress and failure analysis is placed on deviation of the debond crack laterally into the matrix. For this purpose, matrix cracking in two possible modes — ductile and brittle — is considered, Energy based criteria are used to study the competition between the cracking modes and the crack path into the matrix from the end of debond to the neighboring fibers is determined. Next the failure of the neighboring fibers caused by the intense stress field accompanying the matrix cracks is studied. The conditions for generating a plane connecting the initially broken fiber end to subsequent fiber failures are finally determined. Further ongoing studies are aimed at clarifying the limiting conditions for avoiding the fiber failure criticality, and thereby improving the load bearing capacity of UD composites. The statistical considerations regarding fiber failure will also be incorporated in these studies.
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Peterson, David, and Robert Broyles. "The Design of Fabric Expansion Joint Gas Seal Membranes." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61082.
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Fabric expansion joints are commonly used in round and rectangular ducting systems for accommodating differential thermal expansion and containing internal pressure. Fabric expansion joints are intended for sustained operation without significant leakage. Failure of fabric expansion joints can lead to plant shutdowns. The outer gas seal membrane is a structural material most commonly made from woven fabric with an elastomeric coating. The fibers in the fabric are comparatively strong and flexible but not chemically resistant. The coating protects the fibers from chemical attack and seals the woven fabric to minimize leakage through the material. The fabric material is typically clamped between metal frames attached to the ducting. The orientation of the fibers with respect to the frames is a critical design factor. Fabric expansion joints are normally designed in accordance with the guidelines of the Fluid Sealing Association Technical Handbook. The handbook gives helpful information but does not provide analytical methods for the mechanical design of gas seal membranes. The intent of this paper is to provide analytical methods for determining the movement capability and pressure capacity of gas seal membranes. Test results and non-linear finite element analysis are used to support the proposed methods.
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Gonzalez, Aurelio, Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar, and Manuel Romero. "Preliminary Analysis of a 100-kWth Mini-Tower Solar Field With an Integrated Optical Waveguide Receiver for Solar Chemistry." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90194.
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Solar-driven thermochemical hydrogen production, CO2 abatement technologies and production of solar fuels and chemicals in general, are candidates in the near future to be scaled-up at solar thermal concentrating facilities in the framework of demonstration projects. Chemical demonstrators undoubtedly will be more demanding in terms of temperature and solar flux than current applications oriented to electricity production. Some of the more promising H2 production technologies are already in the position to scaling reactors up to the 1-MWth level. Demonstration scale useful to develop new solar chemistry processes usually considers input thermal powers between 100 kWth and 1,000 kWth. In this range, the best option is making use of mini-towers with heliostat fields. Then, the challenge is to efficiently introduce high fluxes (above 2,000 kW/m2) with a small field of heliostats in solar chemical reactors (usually requiring high temperatures, above 1,000 °C, and high pressures). In order to overcome it, some authors have proposed the use of light waveguides collecting systems for directing concentrated solar light towards a reactor cavity (1, 2, and 3). This solution makes possible the use of a large variety of reactor geometries and to guarantee the reactor tightness even working at high pressures. However it becomes the critical component of the plant design since it largely governs the facility efficiency and configuration due to its optical properties. This work presents the design of a 100-kWth demonstration plant placed in Mo´stoles, Spain (40° 20′ N, 3° 52′ W) with the concepts mentioned above, in which the light waveguide system is formed by a set of units that are composed by a secondary concentrator and a bundle of optical fibers. This study has paid special attention to optical performances of the facility by analyzing the coupling between solar heliostats field layout and the solar receiver composed by light waveguides. In addition, the paper provides information on sizing, efficiencies and expected investment cost based on light waveguides specifications.
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Malpede, Sabrina, Donald MacVicar, Francesco Nasato, and Paolo Semeraro. "Fully Integrated Fluid-structural Analysis for the Design and Performance Optimization of Fiber Reinforced Sails." In SNAME 22nd Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-2016-004.
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This paper presents an advanced and accurate integrated system for the design and performance optimization of fiber reinforced sails -commonly named string sails- developed by SMAR Azure Ltd. This integrated design system allows sail designers not only to design sail-shapes and the reinforcing fiber paths, but also to validate the performance of the flying sail-shape and have accurate production details including the overall sail weight, material used, which means costs, and length of the fiber paths, which means production time. The SMAR Azure design and analysis method includes a validated and computationally efficient structural analysis method coupled with a modified vortex lattice method, with wake relaxation, to enable a proper aero-elastic simulation of sails in upwind conditions. The structural analysis method takes into account the geometric non-linearity and wrinkling behavior of membrane structures –such as sails-, the fiber layout, the influence of battens, trimming loads and interaction with rigging elements, e.g. luff sag calculation on a headstay, in a timely manner. This method has been extensively validated and used to optimize several racing and super-yachts sailing plans. Specifically, this paper presents a validated optimization of a real fiber reinforce membrane sail plan of 140’, 240 ton aluminium Super Yacht, carried out in collaboration with Paolo Semeraro (from Banks Sails Europe), who designs and produces the MEMBRANE™ and BFAST™ string sails, the latter with Marco Semeraro. Both BFAST and Bank Sails have been using the SMAR Azure technology for almost a decade and notwithstanding the long experience of Mr. Semeraro in using the technology, given the sailplan-size and detailed customer requirements, among which improved durability, strength and reliability and smooth use of in-boom furling, this project was carried out incooperation with the SMAR Azure technical team. A total of 1000 sqm of upwind sailing area was analyzed and optimized. A combination of Dyneema TM Sk 90 and black Twaron 2200 was chosen for the fibers and a triple step lamination under hi-pressure plus laminated patches utilizing the same fibers where added to prevent local deformation of the corners. A long term vacuumed post-curing period sealed the production phases. The final sail plan is -as anticipated by the analysis results- holds the desired shape and is stronger. The final fiber layout shows a reduction in maximum stress by 22% compared to the initial design; this was achieved with only 11% (4kg) gain in fiber weight.
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Suda, Mitsunori, Wei Wang, Takanori Kitamura, Kanta Ito, Kenji Wada, Zhiyuan Zhang, Yuqiu Yang, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Delamination Behavior of Laminated Paper." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38099.
Full textAbstract:
Paper recycling is an effective way in reducing deforestation and energy consumption. Therefore recycling paper and paper products has been widely applied in many areas, such as packaging industry, furniture decoration, temporary structures in building and so on. Paper products are made from plant fibers and they are laminated materials. So it is of possible to generate interlaminar fracture in the use of paper products, especially in the construction made of paper such as paper tubes which have been used widely. In order to improve the interlaminar performance of paper products and then improve the construction performance of paper products, delamination behavior of laminated paper has been studied in this paper. By a series of peel tests, comparative analysis about different paperboard were carried out. The cause of delamination behavior of laminated paper was analysis based on the detailed observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Reports on the topic "Plant fibers Analysis"
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Morrison, Mark, Joshuah Miron, Edward A. Bayer, and Raphael Lamed. Molecular Analysis of Cellulosome Organization in Ruminococcus Albus and Fibrobacter Intestinalis for Optimization of Fiber Digestibility in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586475.bard.
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Improving plant cell wall (fiber) degradation remains one of the highest priority research goals for all ruminant enterprises dependent on forages, hay, silage, or other fibrous byproducts as energy sources, because it governs the provision of energy-yielding nutrients to the host animal. Although the predominant species of microbes responsible for ruminal fiber degradation are culturable, the enzymology and genetics underpinning the process are poorly defined. In that context, there were two broad objectives for this proposal. The first objective was to identify the key cellulosomal components in Ruminococcus albus and to characterize their structural features as well as regulation of their expression, in response to polysaccharides and (or) P AA/PPA. The second objective was to evaluate the similarities in the structure and architecture of cellulosomal components between R. albus and other ruminal and non-ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. The cooperation among the investigators resulted in the identification of two glycoside hydrolases rate-limiting to cellulose degradation by Ruminococcus albus (Cel48A and CeI9B) and our demonstration that these enzymes possess a novel modular architecture specific to this bacterium (Devillard et al. 2004). We have now shown that the novel X-domains in Cel48A and Cel9B represent a new type of carbohydrate binding module, and the enzymes are not part of a ceiluiosome-like complex (CBM37, Xu et al. 2004). Both Cel48A and Cel9B are conditionally expressed in response to P AA/PPA, explaining why cellulose degradation in this bacterium is affected by the availability of these compounds, but additional studies have shown for the first time that neither PAA nor PPA influence xylan degradation by R. albus (Reveneau et al. 2003). Additionally, the R. albus genome sequencing project, led by the PI. Morrison, has supported our identification of many dockerin containing proteins. However, the identification of gene(s) encoding a scaffoldin has been more elusive, and recombinant proteins encoding candidate cohesin modules are now being used in Israel to verify the existence of dockerin-cohesin interactions and cellulosome production by R. albus. The Israeli partners have also conducted virtually all of the studies specific to the second Objective of the proposal. Comparative blotting studies have been conducted using specific antibodies prepare against purified recombinant cohesins and X-domains, derived from cellulosomal scaffoldins of R. flavefaciens 17, a Clostridium thermocellum mutant-preabsorbed antibody preparation, or against CbpC (fimbrial protein) of R. albus 8. The data also suggest that additional cellulolytic bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, F. intestinalis DR7 and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Dl may also employ cellulosomal modules similar to those of R. flavefaciens 17. Collectively, our work during the grant period has shown that R. albus and other ruminal bacteria employ several novel mechanisms for their adhesion to plant surfaces, and produce both cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal forms of glycoside hydrolases underpinning plant fiber degradation. These improvements in our mechanistic understanding of bacterial adhesion and enzyme regulation now offers the potential to: i) optimize ruminal and hindgut conditions by dietary additives to maximize fiber degradation (e.g. by the addition of select enzymes or PAA/PPA); ii) identify plant-borne influences on adhesion and fiber-degradation, which might be overcome (or improved) by conventional breeding or transgenic plant technologies and; iii) engineer or select microbes with improved adhesion capabilities, cellulosome assembly and fiber degradation. The potential benefits associated with this research proposal are likely to be realized in the medium term (5-10 years).
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Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.
Full textAbstract:
This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.