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Journal articles on the topic 'PLANT DERIVATIVES'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Fan, Zhaoqian, Yukun Qin, Song Liu, Ronge Xing, Huahua Yu, and Pengcheng Li. "Chitosan Oligosaccharide Fluorinated Derivative Control Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Disease Based on the Multi-Efficacy Strategy." Marine Drugs 18, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18050273.

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Plant root-knot nematode disease is a great agricultural problem and commercially available nematicides have the disadvantages of high toxicity and limited usage; thus, it is urgent to develop new nematicides derived from nature substances. In this study, a novel fluorinated derivative was synthesized by modifying chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) using the strategy of multiple functions. The derivatives were characterized by FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis, and TG/DTG. The activity assays show that the derivatives can effectively kill the second instar larvae of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro, among them, chitosan-thiadiazole-trifluorobutene (COSSZFB) perform high eggs hatching inhibitory activity. The derivatives can regulate plant growth (photosynthetic pigment), improve immunity (chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase), and show low cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity. According to the multi-functional activity, the derivatives exhibit a good control effect on plant root-knot nematode disease in vivo. The results demonstrate that the COS derivatives (especially fluorinated derivative) perform multiple activities and show the potential to be further evaluated as nematicides.

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2

Gao, Kun, Yukun Qin, Song Liu, Ronge Xing, Huahua Yu, Xiaolin Chen, Kecheng Li, and Pengcheng Li. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Phytopathogen Evaluation of 6-Oxychitosan Derivatives Containing N-Quaternized Moieties in Its Backbone." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3970142.

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The structure modification of chitosan has great application potential. 6-Oxychitosan was prepared by specially oxidizing the C6-OH of chitosan, then 6-oxychitosan was reacted with three kinds of aldehydes to prepare N-quaternized 6-oxychitosan derivatives in this paper. The derivatives were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of these derivatives was tested against two common plant-threatening fungi and three plant disease bacteria. The results showed that N-quaternized 6-oxychitosan derivatives had good water-solubility and excellent antimicrobial activity. Moreover, derivative 3 which connected 8-hydroxyquinolines had the highest antimicrobial activity than the other derivatives. The inhibitory indices of derivative 3 against V. albo-atrum and P. hibernalis are 89.1% and 72.8% at 0.4 mg/ml. The MICs of 3 against X. oryzae, P. syringae, and E. rhapontici were 625, 625, and 156 mg/l, respectively. All the results indicate that derivative 3 has the potential of becoming an alternative to harmful agricultural chemicals.

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3

Palchykov, Vitalii, Nina Khromykh, Yurii Lykholat, Svitlana Mykolenko, and Tetyana Lykholat. "Synthesis and Plant Growth Regulatory Activity of 3-Sulfolene Derivatives." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 13, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht13.04.424.

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4

Kumar, K. Vinoth. "Biosynthesis of Silver Ag Nanoparticles using Plant Derivatives of Delonix elata." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-4 (June 30, 2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12910.

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5

Mulat, Mulugeta, Raksha Anand, and Fazlurrahman Khan. "Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives." Current Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999200728153839.

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The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

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6

Biessy, Adrien, and Martin Filion. "Phloroglucinol Derivatives in Plant-Beneficial Pseudomonas spp.: Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Functions." Metabolites 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11030182.

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Plant-beneficial Pseudomonas spp. aggressively colonize the rhizosphere and produce numerous secondary metabolites, such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). DAPG is a phloroglucinol derivative that contributes to disease suppression, thanks to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. A famous example of this biocontrol activity has been previously described in the context of wheat monoculture where a decline in take-all disease (caused by the ascomycete Gaeumannomyces tritici) has been shown to be associated with rhizosphere colonization by DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis and regulation of phloroglucinol derivatives in the genus Pseudomonas, as well as investigate the role played by DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. in natural soil suppressiveness. We also tackle the mode of action of phloroglucinol derivatives, which can act as antibiotics, signalling molecules and, in some cases, even as pathogenicity factors. Finally, we discuss the genetic and genomic diversity of DAPG-producing Pseudomonas spp. as well as its importance for improving the biocontrol of plant pathogens.

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7

Beck, Ellen J., Bruce Twitchin, and Lewis N. Mander. "Radio labelling of the gibberellin plant growth inhibitor 16,17-dihydro-GA5." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-202.

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An improved five-step procedure has been developed for the synthesis of the gibberellin plant growth inhibitor 16,17-dihydro-GA5 from gibberellic acid. The 3-13C and 3-14C derivatives of this material have also been prepared by excising C-3 from the carbon skeleton (ozonolysis of a Δ2-alkene derivative and subsequent retro-Claisen reaction) and then reassembling the A-ring by means of an intramolecular aldol reaction.Key words: gibberellin, growth inhibitor, degradation, Radio labelling, Wittig reaction.

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8

Tomczak, Elwira, Władysław Kamiński, and Dominika Szczerkowska. "Fractional Derivatives for Description of Sorption Kinetics in the Plant Sorbent - Metal Ions System." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2013-0037.

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Abstract It was examined if buckwheat hull has a potential to be used to adsorb heavy metal ions Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) from water. The research involved experiments aimed at the determination of sorption kinetics taking into consideration changes of concentration in a solution and sorbent over time. According to the literature data, kinetics is described with the use of pseudo first-order equations. Application of fractional derivatives for the description of sorption kinetics enables the development of the generalised sorption kinetics equation. Result analysis with this concept requires making a computational procedure using gamma functions and infinite series. Kinetics description using fractional derivatives will be equations with two parameters ie fraction of derivative α and the kinetics constant K dependent on the analysed sorbent-adsorbate system.

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9

Skalicka-Woźniak, Krystyna, Janusz Szypowski, and Kazimierz Głowniak. "HPLC Analysis of Kaempherol and Quercetin Derivatives Isolated by Different Extraction Techniques from Plant Matrix." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.1.17.

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Abstract Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), followed by RP-HPLC with a photodiode array detector was used for the determination of flavonoids in fruits of Peucedanum alsaticum. Three compounds were identified: a kaempherol derivative (astragalin), and two quercetin derivatives (quercitrin and hiperoside). The highest extraction yields of the selected compounds were obtained by use of exhaustive ASE.

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10

Yan, Tay Karh, Asnuzilawati Asari, Siti Aishah Salleh, and Wahizatul Afzan Azmi. "Eugenol and Thymol Derivatives as Antifeedant Agents against Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) Larvae." Insects 12, no. 6 (June 13, 2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060551.

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Coconut palms in Malaysia are infested by a destructive invasive pest, RPW since 2007, and the pest’s population is difficult to control. At present, RPW control management mainly relies on the use of monocrotophos, which is administered by the trunk injection method. However, this pesticide can negatively impact human health and the ecosystem. Plant EO that can be used as a bio-pesticide is highly recommended as an alternative to monocrotophos because of its target-specific and eco-friendly properties. The antifeedant activity of eight eugenol and thymol derivatives from clove and thyme EOs were tested against the fourth instar larvae of RPW through oral bioassay for 14 days. Relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and the feeding deterrent index (FDI) were compared and analyzed. All of the derivatives showed antifeedant activity, particularly the eugenol derivative, 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxy)-benzene (FDI = 54.14%) and the thymol derivative, 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-((4-nitrobenzyl) oxy) benzene (FDI = 53.88%). Both of them showed promising results on their ability to be the most effective antifeedant agents in each derivative group. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the eugenol-based and thymol-based derivatives, but the ether derivative group (FDI = 45.63%) had a significantly stronger effect than the ester derivative group (FDI = 39.71%). This study revealed that the compound in ether form is more effective than the compound in ester form as an antifeedant agent against RPW larvae, regardless of the plant EO that the compound is derived from.

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11

Šimonová, E., M. Henselová, and P. Zahradník. "Benzothiazole derivatives substituted in position 2 as biologically active substances with plant growth regulation activity." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 11 (November 20, 2011): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3623-pse.

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Thirteen of the new synthetized 2-R substituted benzothiazole derivatives have been tested for plant growth regulatory (PGR) activity. The effect on growth elongation was studied on wheat coleoptile segments Triticum aestivum L. cv. Blava, and on the hypocotyl and roots in cucumber Cucumis sativum L. cv. Evita. The formation and number of adventitious roots and the length of hypocotyl in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek and, the effect on the length of stem, fresh and dry mass in buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Pyra were evaluated. Cytokinin activity was determined on segments of barley leaves Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Jubilant on the basis of senescence inhibition and chlorophyll content. The benzothiazole derivatives were tested in the range of 10<sup>–3</sup>–10<sup>–7</sup>M concentrations, and PGR activity was compared with indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and 6-furfurylaminopurine. All tested derivatives showed different auxine-like effects on elongation growth of plants and the stimulative effects were found to depend on applicable concentrations. At higher concentration rates, derivatives acted as growth retardants and inhibited the length of cucumber hypocotyl and roots. The derivatives increased the formation of adventitious roots of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings, as well as stem elongation and production of fresh and dry mass of buckwheat. Cytokinin activity was confirmed in one derivate only with a significant effect on the inhibition of leaf senescence and higher chlorophyll content. The tested benzothiazole derivatives may be characterized as biologically active substances with dominant auxine-like growth promoting activity

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12

Savchenko, Tatyana, Evgeny Degtyaryov, Yaroslav Radzyukevich, and Vlada Buryak. "Therapeutic Potential of Plant Oxylipins." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 14627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314627.

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For immobile plants, the main means of protection against adverse environmental factors is the biosynthesis of various secondary (specialized) metabolites. The extreme diversity and high biological activity of these metabolites determine the researchers’ interest in plants as a source of therapeutic agents. Oxylipins, oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, are particularly promising in this regard. Plant oxylipins, which are characterized by a diversity of chemical structures, can exert protective and therapeutic properties in animal cells. While the therapeutic potential of some classes of plant oxylipins, such as jasmonates and acetylenic oxylipins, has been analyzed thoroughly, other oxylipins are barely studied in this regard. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of all major classes of plant oxylipins, including derivatives of acetylenic fatty acids, jasmonates, six- and nine-carbon aldehydes, oxy-, epoxy-, and hydroxy-derivatives of fatty acids, as well as spontaneously formed phytoprostanes and phytofurans. The presented analysis will provide an impetus for further research investigating the beneficial properties of these secondary metabolites and bringing them closer to practical applications.

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13

Katsuragi, Hisashi, Kei Shimoda, Ryohei Yamamoto, Kohji Ishihara, and Hiroki Hamada. "Glycosylation of Capsaicin Derivatives and Phenylpropanoid Derivatives Using Cultured Plant Cells." Biochemistry Insights 4 (January 2011): BCI.S6682. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bci.s6682.

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Biotransformations of capsaicinoids such as capsaicin and 8-nordihydrocapsaicin and phenylpropanoids such as cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid have been investigated using cultured plant cells. Capsain and 8-nordihydrocapsaicin were converted into the corresponding glycosides which are three glycosides respectively using the cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus. In a time-course study under sterile conditions, the changes in amounts of their reaction products were determined. Furthermore phenypropanoid, such as cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid have been biotransformed using the cultured cells of the Eucalyptus perriniana, and then cinnamic acid was converted into two glycosides. In addition, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid were converted into four, four and three glycosides respectively. Then in time-course study under sterile conditions, the change in amounts of their reaction products were determined. Finally it was found that the cultured plant cells have the ability to glycosylate the phenolic group of capsacinoids and phenylpropanoids regioselectively.

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14

H.Ighachane, H. Ighachane, H. El ayadi H.El ayadi, My H. Sedra My.H.Sedra, and H. B. Lazrek H.B.Lazrek. "Biological Evaluation of 1, 4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as Plant Pathogenic Fungus Inhibitors." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/201.

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15

Alibi, Sana, Dámaso Crespo, and Jesús Navas. "Plant-Derivatives Small Molecules with Antibacterial Activity." Antibiotics 10, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030231.

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The vegetal world constitutes the main factory of chemical products, in particular secondary metabolites like phenols, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Many of these compounds are small molecules with antibacterial activity, although very few are actually in the market as antibiotics for clinical practice or as food preservers. The path from the detection of antibacterial activity in a plant extract to the practical application of the active(s) compound(s) is long, and goes through their identification, purification, in vitro and in vivo analysis of their biological and pharmacological properties, and validation in clinical trials. This review presents an update of the main contributions published on the subject, focusing on the compounds that showed activity against multidrug-resistant relevant bacterial human pathogens, paying attention to their mechanisms of action and synergism with classical antibiotics.

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16

Doi, Fuminao, Taiga Ohara, Takahisa Ogamino, Takeshi Sugai, Keiko Higashinakasu, Kosumi Yamada, Hideyuki Shigemori, Koji Hasegawa, and Shigeru Nishiyama. "Plant-growth inhibitory activity of heliannuol derivatives." Phytochemistry 65, no. 10 (May 2004): 1405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.03.035.

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17

Tupotilov, N. N., V. V. Ostrikov, and A. Yu ornev. "Plant oil derivatives as additives for lubricants." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 42, no. 3 (May 2006): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-006-0055-6.

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18

Avery, Michael L., David G. Decker, John S. Humphrey, and Cynthia C. Laukert. "Mint plant derivatives as blackbird feeding deterrents." Crop Protection 15, no. 5 (August 1996): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(96)00010-5.

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19

Kuroda, Chiaki, and Eriko Nishio. "Substituent Effect in Color of Ehrlich's Test of Tetrahydrobenzofuran." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 5 (May 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200514.

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Reaction of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran derivatives, model compounds of furanoeremophilanes, with p-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde (Ehrlich's reagent) under acidic conditions was studied both on TLC and in a flask. 4-Hydroxy, 4-methoxy, and 4-acetoxy derivatives showed a pink/purple color, while 7-hydroxy, 7-methoxy, and 7-acetoxy derivatives showed a dark green color. The reaction of a 4-oxo derivative was slow showing an orange color on TLC. 7-Oxo derivatives and benzofuran were negative to Ehrlich's test. It was shown that an intermediate cation corresponding to the pink color was generated from both 4- and 7-substituted derivatives except for the oxo-derivatives.

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20

Tsevegsuren, N., P. Proksch, Y. Wang, and G. Davaakhuu. "Bioactive phenolic acids from Scorzonera radiata Fisch." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 12 (September 24, 2014): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.177.

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Chromatographic separation of the crude extract obtained from the aerial parts of the Mongolian medicinal plant Scorzonera radiata yielded five new dihydrostilbenes [4], two new flavonoids, one new quinic acid derivative, as well as twenty known compounds including eight quinic acid derivatives, four flavonoids, two coumarins, five simple benzoic acids, and one monoterpene glycoside. We present here results on isolation and structural identification some active phenolic compounds from the Scorzonera radiata - eight quinic acid derivatives (quinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (trans), 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid (cis)). Quinic acid derivatives exhibited antioxidative activity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v12i0.177 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry Vol.12 2011: 78-84

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21

Kobori, Ryo, Syuichi Yakami, Takashi Kawasaki, and Akiko Saito. "Changes in the Polyphenol Content of Red Raspberry Fruits during Ripening." Horticulturae 7, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120569.

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Berry fruits that contain large amounts of polyphenol compounds are expected to exhibit health and anti-aging effects due to the antioxidant activities of these components. Among the various polyphenols, flavan-3-ol derivatives are known to have a particularly high functionality. In this study, the maturity of red raspberry fruits is classified into eight stages based on the polyphenol content at each stage. Quantification of the various compounds and investigation of the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were carried out. The total polyphenol content, including that of the flavan-3-ol derivatives, was the highest in immature fruits, gradually decreasing during fruit maturation, during which the radical scavenging activity also decreased. Based on our quantitative results, it was considered that the decrease in the flavan-3-ol derivative content due to fruit ripening was largely related to the increase in the amount of anthocyanin derivatives. Considering that the decreased contents of these compounds were related to the expression levels of polyphenol biosynthetic enzymes, quantification was performed using the semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, but the only change observed was the increased expression of the enzyme that synthesizes anthocyanins during maturation. Therefore, it was suggested that it is necessary to inhibit anthocyanin synthesis to increase the contents of highly functional flavan-3-ol derivatives in the mature fruit.

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22

Castillo, Marcela, Margarita Flores, Patrick Mavingui, Esperanza Martínez-Romero, Rafael Palacios, and Georgina Hernández. "Increase in Alfalfa Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation, and Plant Growth by Specific DNA Amplification in Sinorhizobium meliloti." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 2716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.6.2716-2722.1999.

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ABSTRACT To improve symbiotic nitrogen fixation on alfalfa plants,Sinorhizobium meliloti strains containing different average copy numbers of a symbiotic DNA region were constructed by specific DNA amplification (SDA). A DNA fragment containing a regulatory gene (nodD1), the common nodulation genes (nodABC), and an operon essential for nitrogen fixation (nifN) from the nod regulon region of the symbiotic plasmid pSyma ofS. meliloti was cloned into a plasmid unable to replicate in this organism. The plasmid then was integrated into the homologous DNA region of S. meliloti strains 41 and 1021, which resulted in a duplication of the symbiotic region.Sinorhizobium derivatives carrying further amplification were selected by growing the bacteria in increased concentrations of an antibiotic marker present in the integrated vector. Derivatives of strain 41 containing averages of 3 and 6 copies and a derivative of strain 1021 containing an average of 2.5 copies of the symbiotic region were obtained. In addition, the same region was introduced into both strains as a multicopy plasmid, yielding derivatives with an average of seven copies per cell. Nodulation, nitrogenase activity, plant nitrogen content, and plant growth were analyzed in alfalfa plants inoculated with the different strains. The copy number of the symbiotic region was critical in determining the plant phenotype. In the case of the strains with a moderate increase in copy number, symbiotic properties were improved significantly. The inoculation of alfalfa with these strains resulted in an enhancement of plant growth.

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23

Nkunya, Mayunga H. H. "Unusual metabolites from some Tanzanian indigenous plant species." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 11 (January 1, 2005): 1943–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577111943.

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In this paper, the chemistry of some unusual natural products that were isolated from various Tanzanian indigenous plant species during the past 20 years is reviewed. Among the compounds covered in this review are cyclohexane epoxides; heptane derivatives; oxygenated pyrenes; phenanthrene derivatives; flavonoids with uncommon structural frameworks; mono-, bis-, and dimeric prenylated indoles; and variously substituted mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoids.

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24

Shokol, T. V., V. S. Moskvina, E. K. Glebov, and V. P. Khilya. "Neoflavonoid Angelicin Derivatives." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 55, no. 4 (July 2019): 716–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-019-02787-4.

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25

Salimo, Zeca M., Michael N. Yakubu, Emanuelle L. da Silva, Anne C. G. de Almeida, Yury O. Chaves, Emanoel V. Costa, Felipe M. A. da Silva, et al. "Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bergenin or Its Derivatives: A Promising Molecule." Biomolecules 13, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030403.

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Bergenin is a glycosidic derivative of trihydroxybenzoic acid that was discovered in 1880 by Garreau and Machelart from the rhizomes of the medicinal plant Bergenia crassifolia (currently: Saxifraga crassifolia—Saxifragaceae), though was later isolated from several other plant sources. Since its first report, it has aroused interest because it has several pharmacological activities, mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. In addition to this, bergenin has shown potential antimalarial, antileishmanial, trypanocidal, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antinociceptive, antiarthritic, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic/antiobesity, antiarrhythmic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and cardioprotective activities. Thus, this review aimed to describe the sources of isolation of bergenin and its in vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological activities. Bergenin is distributed in many plant species (at least 112 species belonging to 34 families). Both its derivatives (natural and semisynthetic) and extracts with phytochemical proof of its highest concentration are well studied, and none of the studies showed cytotoxicity for healthy cells.

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26

Andary, Claude, and Ragai K. Ibrahim. "Biosynthetic Capacity of Stachys Seedlings for Verbascoside and Related Caffeoyl Derivatives." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 41, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1986): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1986-1-204.

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Abstract The caffeoyl derivatives of Stachys leaves (Labiateae) were identified as chlorogenic acid, verbascoside and stachyoside. The latter compound, reported here for the fist time, was shown to be a verbascoside derivative containing an extra glucose residue attached to C-2, C-3 or C-4 of rhamnose. Cotyledonary leaves of Stachys accumulate high levels (8 -16 μmol/g dry tissue) of the three caffeoyl derivatives; all of which decrease significantly in amount during plant growth. Intact organs of the seedling were shown to efficiently incorporate the label from different precursors into caffeoyl derivatives. The biosynthesis of both verbascoside and stachyoside from labelled precursors revealed that the caffeoyl moiety was exclusively labelled from phenylalanine or cinnamic acid, whereas the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol moiety was labelled from tyrosine, and better from tyramine.

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27

Khan, Shazia, M. Nadeem Kardar, and Bina S. Siddiqui. "Arbutin Derivatives from the Seeds of Madhuca latifolia." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 11 (November 2011): 1934578X1100601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601124.

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A new arbutin derivative, madhuglucoside (1), along with three known arbutin derivatives were isolated from the seeds of Madhuca latifolia in addition to seven other known constituents. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral analysis. Compounds 1a, 2a and 3a were obtained in a pure state after acetylation of the mother fraction and characterized as their acetyl derivatives.

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28

Fuentes-Martínez, Juan P., Diana Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Edgar Rogel García, Karla I. Rivera-Márquez, Felipe Medrano, Oscar Torres-Ángeles, Evelin Castillo-Vargas, Blanca E. Duque Montaño, and Carolina Godoy-Alcántar. "Streptomycin Hydrazone Derivatives: Synthesis and Molecular Recognition in Aqueous Solution." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 10 (October 2014): 1934578X1400901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400901012.

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Five hydrazone derivatives of streptomycin were synthetized (D0h, D1ph, D2bt, D3dctf, D4ag) and characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Protonation constants were determined by potentiometry for all derivatives. D1ph and D2bt derivatives were investigated as receptors of dicarboxylates and adenine nucleotides in aqueous solution by potentiometric and 1H NMR titrations. D1ph and D2bt derivatives have the highest affinity with AMP and ATP, respectively, which shows that electrostatic forces are not always the dominant factor in binding of streptomycin derivatives with nucleotides, but the conformational fit between them. Calculated structures at the DFT level of the D1ph derivative bonded with either AMP or ADP showed that the complexes are stabilized by the formation of multiple interactions with the receptors. The antibiotic activity of the derivatives was explored and compared with native streptomycin.

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Liu, Xinxin, Qixuan Lin, Yuhuan Yan, Feng Peng, Runcang Sun, and Junli Ren. "Hemicellulose from Plant Biomass in Medical and Pharmaceutical Application: A Critical Review." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 14 (July 24, 2019): 2430–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170705113657.

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Background:Due to the non-toxicity, abundance and biodegradability, recently more and more attention has been focused on the exploration of hemicellulose as the potential substrate for the production of liquid fuels and other value-added chemicals and materials in different fields. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the promising application of nature hemicellulose and its derivative products including its degradation products, its new derivatives and hemicellulosebased medical biodegradable materials in the medical and pharmaceutical field, especially for inmmune regulation, bacteria inhibition, drug release, anti-caries, scaffold materials and anti-tumor.Methods:We searched the related papers about the medical and pharmaceutical application of hemicellulose and its derivative products, and summarized their preparation methods, properties and use effects.Results:Two hundred and twenty-seven papers were included in this review. Forty-seven papers introduced the extraction and application in immune regulation of nature hemicellulose, such as xylan, mannan, xyloglucan (XG) and β-glucan. Seventy-seven papers mentioned the preparation and application of degradation products of hemicellulose for adjusting intestinal function, maintaining blood glucose levels, enhancing the immunity and alleviating human fatigue fields such as xylooligosaccharides, xylitol, xylose, arabinose, etc. The preparation of hemicellulose derivatives were described in thirty-two papers such as hemicellulose esters, hemicellulose ethers and their effects on anticoagulants, adsorption of creatinine, the addition of immune cells and the inhibition of harmful bacteria. Finally, the preparations of hemicellulose-based materials such as hydrogels and membrane for the field of drug release, cell immobilization, cancer therapy and wound dressings were presented using fifty-five papers.Conclusion:The structure of hemicellulose-based products has the significant impact on properties and the use effect for the immunity, and treating various diseases of human. However, some efforts should be made to explore and improve the properties of hemicellulose-based products and design the new materials to broaden hemicellulose applications.

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Ganin, Hadas, Natalie Kemper, Sagit Meir, Ilana Rogachev, Shir Ely, Hassan Massalha, Aviad Mandaby, et al. "Indole Derivatives Maintain the Status Quo Between Beneficial Biofilms and Their Plant Hosts." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 8 (August 2019): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-18-0327-r.

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Biofilms formed by bacteria on plant roots play an important role in maintaining an optimal rhizosphere environment that supports plant growth and fitness. Bacillus subtilis is a potent plant growth promoter, forming biofilms that play a key role in protecting the host from fungal and bacterial infections. In this work, we demonstrate that the development of B. subtilis biofilms is antagonized by specific indole derivatives that accumulate during symbiotic interactions with plant hosts. Indole derivatives are more potent signals when the plant polysaccharide xylan serves as a carbon source, a mechanism to sustain beneficial biofilms at a biomass that can be supported by the plant. Moreover, B. subtilis biofilms formed by mutants resistant to indole derivatives become deleterious to the plants due to their capacity to consume and recycle plant polysaccharides. These results demonstrate how a dynamic metabolite-based dialogue can promote homeostasis between plant hosts and their beneficial biofilm communities.

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Muro, Chikaaki, Masahide Yasuda, Yoshikazu Sakagami, Takeshi Yamada, Hiroshi Tsujibo, Atsushi Numata, and Yoshihiko Inamori. "Inhibitory Activities of Rhodanine Derivatives on Plant Growth." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 60, no. 8 (January 1996): 1368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60.1368.

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Ugolini, Luisa, Isabella Della Noce, Paolo Trincia, Valerio Borzatta, and Sandro Palmieri. "Benzodioxole Derivatives as Negative Effectors of Plant Proteases." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, no. 19 (September 2005): 7494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0580418.

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Ahmed, Ahmed A., and Ahmed A. Mahmoud. "Carvotacetone derivatives from the Egyptian plant Sphaeranthus suaveolens." Phytochemistry 45, no. 3 (June 1997): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00840-0.

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de Oliveira, Brás Heleno, Júlio César Stiirmer, José D. de Souza Filho, and Ricardo Antonio Ayub. "Plant growth regulation activity of steviol and derivatives." Phytochemistry 69, no. 7 (May 2008): 1528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.015.

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Rezvani, Amir H., David H. Overstreet, Marina Perfumi, and Maurizio Massi. "Plant derivatives in the treatment of alcohol dependency." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 75, no. 3 (June 2003): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00124-2.

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FUJITA, Yasuhiro, Chuzo SUGA, Koichi MATSUBARA, and Yasuhiro HARA. "Production of shikonin derivatives by plant cell cultures." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 60, no. 10 (1986): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.60.849.

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Adewale, O. O., J. M. Brimson, O. A. Odunola, M. A. Gbadegesin, S. E. Owumi, C. Isidoro, and T. Tencomnao. "The Potential for Plant Derivatives against Acrylamide Neurotoxicity." Phytotherapy Research 29, no. 7 (April 17, 2015): 978–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5353.

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Guo, Pengbin, Gang Li, Yuxiu Liu, Aidang Lu, Ziwen Wang, and Qingmin Wang. "Naamines and Naamidines as Novel Agents against a Plant Virus and Phytopathogenic Fungi." Marine Drugs 16, no. 9 (September 3, 2018): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090311.

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Naamines, naamidines and various derivatives of these marine natural products were synthesized and characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The activities of these alkaloids against a plant virus and phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated for the first time. A benzyloxy naamine derivative 15d displayed excellent in vivo activity against tobacco mosaic virus at 500 μg/mL (inactivation activity, 46%; curative activity, 49%; and protective activity, 41%); its activities were higher than the corresponding activities of the commercial plant virucide ribavirin (32%, 35%, and 34%, respectively), making it a promising new lead compound for antiviral research. In vitro assays revealed that the test compounds exhibited very good antifungal activity against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi. Again, the benzyloxy naamine derivative 15d exhibited broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, emerging as a new lead compound for fungicidal research. Additional in vivo assays indicated that many of the compounds displayed inhibitory effects >30%.

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Adekenov, S. M. "PLANT SUBSTANCES AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ORIGINAL ANTI-VIRUS AGENTS." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 3 (September 30, 2021): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2021-1/2710-1185.41.

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This article summarizes the literature data and the results of our own studies on the search for antiviral compounds based on terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids. New bimolecular and ketoamide derivatives based on sesquiterpene γ-lactones arglabin, grossheimin and α-santonin were synthesized in quantitative yields up to 80%. The molecular docking method was used to study the “structure-activity” relationship of natural compounds and their derivatives in relation to SARS-Cov-2. The results obtained in silico demonstrated that sesquiterpene γ-lactones and their derivatives inhibit the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and proteases, as well as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The identified molecules can be considered as candidates for the development of new drugs with antiviral activity on their basis.

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Ramazonov, N. Sh, and V. N. Syrov. "Synthesis of cyasteronylthiocarbamate derivatives." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 42, no. 5 (September 2006): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0213-4.

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Postnikov, L. S. "Quinoxaline derivatives of severalalkaloids." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 46, no. 1 (March 2010): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-010-9528-2.

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Kozlov, N. G., L. I. Basalaeva, O. G. Vyglazov, and V. A. Chuiko. "Synthesis of calone derivatives." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 47, no. 3 (July 2011): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-011-9941-1.

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Kharlamova, T. V. "ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ANTHRAQUINONE DERIVATIVES(Part 2)." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 79, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2022-3/2710-1185.76.

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Fungal infections are an increasingly recognized global threat to human, animal and plant health. The problem is acute in agriculture as well. The problems posed by fungal plant pathogens affect global food security by causing severe damage to many valuable crops. This is related to crop yields, post-harvest losses, and contamination of forage and consumer products.The purposeof the review is to analyze the problem of fungal diseases of plants and search for effective fungicides in the family of anthraquinone derivatives. Objects. Derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone: chrysophanol, emodin, рhyscion, rhein, aloe-emodin.Results.Fungi are key components of global biogeochemical cycles and include numerous species with pathogenic potential that affect various plant species. Of particular concern is the impact of fungal pathogens on cultivated and commercial plant species on which the food security of the world population depends. Among natural compounds, 9,10-anthraquinone derivatives represent a group of quinones with biological activity and great structural diversity. This review presents the data on the main fungal plant pathogens and the analysis of the antifungal activity of the most abundant anthraquinone molecules, such as chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rein and aloe-emodin, as well as some structurally related molecules, in order to analyze the influence of chemical structure of derivatives on their activity.Conclusion. Natural sources of antimicrobial agents, which can be regarded as an alternative to traditionally used drugs, have now begun to receive special attention. Natural sites contain a variety of biologically active secondary metabolites. Among them, derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone, such as chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rein, aloe-emodin, have shown activity against a variety of plant fungal pathogens and can be considered as promising structures for finding new antifungal agents.

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Wang, Yao, Victor Wray, Nanzad Tsevegsuren, Wenhan Lin, and Peter Proksch. "Phenolic Compounds from the Mongolian Medicinal Plant Scorzonera radiata." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2012): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-3-405.

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Chromatographic separation of a crude extract obtained from aerial parts of the Mongolian medicinal plant Scorzonera radiata yielded fifteen natural compounds, including two new flavonoids and one new quinic acid congener, as well as four flavones and eight quinic acid derivatives, all of which are known natural compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HMBC, ROESY, and TOCSY) and mass spectrometric data. The antioxidant activities of the quinic acid derivatives were evaluated by the DPPH assay

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Soltan, Marwa, Uly Sumarni, Chalid Assaf, Peter Langer, Ulrich Reidel, and Jürgen Eberle. "Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Indirubin Derivative-Induced Cell Death in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5 (March 7, 2019): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051158.

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Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) may develop a highly malignant phenotype in its late phase, and patients may profit from innovative therapies. The plant extract indirubin and its chemical derivatives represent new and promising antitumor strategies. This first report on the effects of an indirubin derivative in CTCL cells shows a strong decrease of cell proliferation and cell viability as well as an induction of apoptosis, suggesting indirubin derivatives for therapy of CTCL. As concerning the mode of activity, the indirubin derivative DKP-071 activated the extrinsic apoptosis cascade via caspase-8 and caspase-3 through downregulation of the caspase antagonistic proteins c-FLIP and XIAP. Importantly, a strong increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed as an immediate early effect in response to DKP-071 treatment. The use of antioxidative pre-treatment proved the decisive role of ROS, which turned out upstream of all other proapoptotic effects monitored. Thus, reactive oxygen species appear as a highly active proapoptotic pathway in CTCL, which may be promising for therapeutic intervention. This pathway can be efficiently activated by an indirubin derivative.

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Logrieco, A., A. Moretti, and M. Solfrizzo. "Alternaria toxins and plant diseases: an overview of origin, occurrence and risks." World Mycotoxin Journal 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2009.1145.

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The genus Alternaria includes both plant-pathogenic and saprophytic species, which may affect crops in the field or cause harvest and postharvest decay of plant products. The taxonomy of the genus Alternaria is not well-defined yet. A polyphasic approach based on morphological features, phylogeny and toxin profiles could be the key to a correct identification at species level and the evaluation of mycotoxin risks associated with fungal contamination. Species of Alternaria are known to produce many metabolites, mostly phytotoxins, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of plants. However, certain species, in particular the most common one A. alternata, are capable of producing several mycotoxins in infected plants and/or in agricultural commodities. The major Alternaria mycotoxins belong to three structural classes: the tetramic acid derivative, tenuazonic acid; the dibenzopyrone derivatives, alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether and altenuene; and the perylene derivatives, the altertoxins. The toxic effects of the Alternaria toxins have not yet received the same attention as the biological activities of other mycotoxins. However, the Alternaria mycotoxins should not be underestimated since they are produced by several Alternaria species frequently associated with a wide range of diseases in many plants of a high agrifood value. The major problems associated with Alternaria mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products are illustrated by focusing on various crops and their relevant diseases, e.g. black rot of tomato, olive, and carrots; black and grey rot of citrus fruits; black point of small-grain cereals; and Alternaria diseases of apples.

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Galarza Pérez, Mayra, Fabian Fell, Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova, and Christian Zidorn. "Isoetin 2′-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside-5′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside." Molbank 2023, no. 2 (May 26, 2023): M1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1652.

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Isoetin derivatives are a rare class of flavonoids with a rather erratic occurrence across the plant kingdom. The Cichorieae tribe of the Asteraceae family has proven to be a rich source and a centre of chemical diversity of this class of compounds. Here, we describe the chromatographic isolation and mainly NMR-based structure elucidation of a previously undescribed isoetin derivative from Leontodon hispidus L. (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). The chemophenetic relevance is discussed briefly.

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Wang, Shan-Shan, Ning-Ning Zhang, Ning He, Wen-Qiang Guo, Xuan Lei, Qiang Cai, Bin Hong, and Yun-Ying Xie. "Exploiting Substrate Diversity of NRPS Led to the Generation of New Sansanmycin Analogs." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200524.

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Further exploration of substrate diversity of the sansanmycin biosynthetic pathway using available halogen- and methyl-phenylalanines led to the generation of diverse sansanmycin derivatives, either at the single C- or N-terminus alone or at both C- and N-termini. The structures of all of these derivatives were determined by MS/MS spectra, and amongst them, the structures of [2-Cl-Phe]-sansanmycin H (1) and [2-Cl-Phe]-sansanmycin A (2) were further identified by NMR. Both the C-terminal derivative 1 and the N-terminal derivative 2 were assayed for their antibacterial activities, and compound 1 exhibited moderate activity against P. aeruginosa and ΔtolC mutant E. coli.

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Sato, Fumihiko, Yasuyuki Yamada, Sang Soo Kwak, Katsunori Ichinose, Mitsuhiro Kishida, Nobutaka Takahashi, and Shigeo Yoshida. "Photoautotrophic Cultured Plant Cells: A Novel System to Survey New Photosynthetic Electron Transport Inhibitors." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 7-8 (August 1, 1991): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-7-810.

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Abstract The responses of photoautotrophic (PA) cultured cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN) and liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) to thirty-eight cyclohexanedione derivatives were surveyed. Each derivative was also tested for inhibitory activity on photosynthetic electron transport (PET), using isolated thylakoids, and herbicidal activity, using seed lings and mature plants. Comparison of the results from the different assays showed that the responses of PA cells to each com pound correlated more closely with the responses of seed lings and mature plants than did the results of the Hill reaction assays. Our findings suggest that PA cultured cells would be a suitable screening material for identifying potential herbicides with PET-inhibiting activity.

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Shi, Yunfei, Hongyan Si, Peng Wang, Shangxing Chen, Shibin Shang, Zhanqian Song, Zongde Wang, and Shengliang Liao. "Derivatization of Natural Compound β-Pinene Enhances Its In Vitro Antifungal Activity against Plant Pathogens." Molecules 24, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 3144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173144.

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Background: The development of new antifungal agents has always been a hot research topic in pesticide development. In this study, a series of derivatives of natural compound β-pinene were prepared, and the antifungal activities of these derivatives were evaluated. The purpose of this work is to develop some novel molecules as promising new fungicides. Methods: Through a variety of chemical reactions, β-pinene was transformed into a series of β-pinene-based derivatives containing amide moieties and acylthiourea moieties. The antifungal activities of these derivatives against five plant pathogens including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria kikuchiana, Phomopsis sp. and Phytophthora capsici were tested; preliminary structure–activity relationship was discussed. Results: Some derivatives exhibited moderate or significant antifungal activity due to the fusion of the amide moiety or the acylthiourea moiety with the pinane skeleton. The structure–activity relationship analysis showed that the fluorine atom and the strong electron withdrawing nitro group, or trifluoromethyl group on the benzene ring of the derivatives had a significant effect on the improvement of the antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Alternaria kikuchiana and Phomopsis sp. Meanwhile, the introduction of an ethyl group at the meta-position on the benzene ring of the derivatives could improve the antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici. Compounds 4e, 4h, 4q, 4r exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against the tested strains. Compound 4o had significant antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici (IC50 = 0.18 μmol/L). These derivatives were expected to be used as precursor molecules for novel pesticide development in further research.

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