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Franco-Martínez, Irma Sonia. "Conservación in situ y ex situ de las agaváceas y nolináceas mexicanas." Botanical Sciences, no. 57 (April 26, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1474.
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The Agavaceae and Nolinaceae, as other plant families, have been affected by the destruction and modification of their habitats and by selective extraction with commercial purposes of some of their species. This has generated that 48 species of Agavaceae and Nolinaceae have been included in the list of Mexican plants in risk of extinction (NOM-059-ECOL-l 994), and two of them (Agave parviflora and Agave victoriae-reginae) are listed in the appendices of CITES. There are 30 Protected Natural Areas that conserve in situ at least one species of the Agavaceae or Nolinaceae. The ex situ conservation is done in 38 Botanical Gardens, 22 of them include in their collections at least one species of these families. There are also eight commercial nurseries that have started the propagation by seed of 12 species, mainly from the genus Agave. Case studies on Agave victoriae-reginae, Beaucarnea recurvata and Yucca schidigera, are also analyzed.
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Teare, Sheldon, and Danielle Measday. "Pyrite Rehousing – Recent Case Studies at Two Australian Museums." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26343.
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Two major collecting institutions in Australia, the Australian Museum (Sydney) and Museums Victoria (Melbourne), are currently undertaking large-scale anoxic rehousing projects in their collections to control conservation issues caused by pyrite oxidation. This paper will highlight the successes and challenges of the rehousing projects at both institutions, which have collaborated on developing strategies to mitigate loss to their collections. In 2017, Museums Victoria Conservation undertook a survey with an Oxybaby M+ Gas Analyser to assess the oxygen levels in all their existing anoxic microclimates before launching a program to replace failed microclimates and expand the number of specimens housed in anoxic storage. This project included a literature review of current conservation materials and techniques associated with anoxic storage, and informed the selection of the RP System oxygen scavenger and Escal Neo barrier film from Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company as the best-practice products to use for this application. Conservation at the Australian Museum in Sydney was notified of wide-scale pyrite decay in the Palaeontology and Mineral collections. It was noted that many of the old high-barrier film enclosures, done more than ten years ago, were showing signs of failing. None of the Palaeontology specimens had ever been placed in microclimates. After consultation with Museums Victoria and Collection staff, a similar pathway used by Museums Victoria was adopted. Because of the scale of the rehousing project, standardized custom boxes were made, making the construction of hundreds of boxes easier. It is hoped that new products, like the tube-style Escal film, will extend the life of this rehousing project. Enclosures are being tested at the Australian Museum with a digital oxygen meter. Pyrite rehousing projects highlight the loss of Collection materials and data brought about by the inherent properties of some specimens. The steps undertaken to mitigate or reduce the levels of corrosion are linked to the preservation of both the specimens and the data kept with them (paper labels). These projects benefited from the collaboration of Natural Sciences conservators in Australia with Geosciences collections staff. Natural Science is a relatively recent specialization for the Australian conservation profession and it is important to build resources and capacity for conservators to care for these collections. This applied knowledge has already been passed on to other regions in Australia.
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Mildwaters, Nyssa, and Danielle Measday. "Silcone-Based Solvents and Emulsions for Cleaning Natural Science Specimens: Case Studies from the Otago Museum and Museums Victoria." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e26450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26450.
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Developed by the cosmetics industry, silicone-based solvents such as Cyclomethicone D4 and D5 and emulsifiers Velevsil Plus and KSG 350Z have found useful applications in museum conservation after being pioneered by Richard Wolbers to safety clean acrylic paint films. These products’ unique properties are also applicable for cleaning of natural science specimens. Silicone solvents are volatile and will completely evaporate away from surfaces. They have very low polarity and cannot not solubilise fats or oils, such as natural preen oils found in feathers. Low viscosity gives them the ability to flood a porous surface, such as bone, protecting it from absorbing chemicals and soiling during cleaning. Velevsil Plus and KSG 350Z provide the desirable ability to form an emulsion with water, and or solvents in a silicone based solvent carrier, allowing for the strictly controlled application of water or solvent solutions to the surface of a specimen. This poster will present case studies from the Otago Museum (Dunedin, New Zealand) and Museums Victoria (Melbourne, Australia) investigating the use of these products in cleaning natural science specimens. The experiments include the removal of an aged wax and shellac coating from a Moa (Dinonris sp.) skeleton, the removal of acrylic coatings on extremely moisture sensitive pyritized fossils, and the cleaning of soiled feathers and fur. Issues around sourcing and shipping these specialised products to Australasia will also be discussed. The successful application of paintings conservation techniques to scientific specimens demonstrates the benefits of collaboration between specialisations in conservation for developing new techniques for caring for our collections.
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Maunder, M., Christopher S. Potter, Joel I. Cohen, and Dianne Janczewski. "Perspectives on Biodiversity: Case Studies of Genetic Resource Conservation and Development." Kew Bulletin 49, no. 3 (1994): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4114494.
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Olivieri, Isabelle, Jeanne Tonnabel, Ophélie Ronce, and Agnès Mignot. "Why evolution matters for species conservation: perspectives from three case studies of plant metapopulations." Evolutionary Applications 9, no. 1 (November 19, 2015): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12336.
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Affolter, James M. "Horticultural Science and Rare Plant Conservation." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 594d—594. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.594d.
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Horticultural science has an essential role to play in the conservation of rare plants, but to date, most horticultural research in this field has taken place on an informal rather than experimental basis. Plant conservation as a scientific and practical discipline would benefit greatly from applying the more rigorous approach characteristic of commodity-oriented horticultural research. In turn, the profession of horticultural science has a great deal to gain by participating more actively in plant conservation programs. Benefits include an influx of new ideas, new people, and new resources. Some of the traditional research fields within horticulture that are directly relevant to rare plant conservation include: seed technology, propagation and tissue culture, nutrition, growth regulation, soil management, and protection from pests and diseases. Three case studies illustrate various ways in which the theory, technology, and knowledge base of horticulture can be applied to plant conservation. They include the rare plant propagation program at Bok Tower Gardens, Lake Wales, Fla.; mountain meadow revegetation projects in Mount Rainier and Olympic National Parks in Washington; and research activities of the recently established Georgia Plant Conservation Alliance.
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Maquet, A., I. Zoro Bi, O. J. Rocha, and J. P. Baudoin. "Case studies on breeding systems and its consequences for germplasm conservation." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 43, no. 4 (August 1996): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00132950.
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Pahariya, Yogesh, and Rakesh Saxena. "Electrical Energy Conservation in Engineering Industry: A Case Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 619 (August 2014): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.619.178.
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Energy efficiency is extremely important to all organisations, especially those that are energy intensive. Detailed studies to establish, and investigate, energy balances for specific plant departments or items of process equipment have been carried out. The energy audit of the industry (Indo-German Tool Room, Indore) has been done. It has been concluded that total energy saving potential of 1,28,560 KWH per year is possible by implementing the recommendations. Hence achievable saving is 13.85% of total annual electricity consumption. The total savings Rs.7,71,360/- per year with initial investment of Rs.12,79,000/-.
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A. McAlpine, C., D. B. Lindenmayer, T. J. Eyre, and S. R. Phinn. "Landscape surrogates of forest fragmentation: Synthesis of Australian Montreal Process case studies." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 2 (2002): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020108.
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Habitat loss and fragmentation are key biodiversity indicators of the Montreal Protocol for monitoring progress towards ecologically sustainable forest management. Over the last 15 years, an array of landscape metrics have been developed as spatial measures of habitat loss and fragmentation. However, most metrics require rigorous empirical testing if they are to provide scientifically credible information to managers and policy makers. We present a synthesis of three Australian case studies for developing Montreal Indicator 1.1e, fragmentation of forest type, each representing different levels of landscape modification: St Mary State Forest, south-east Queensland; Tumut, southern New South Wales; and the Central Highlands, Victoria. Collectively, the studies found that no single landscape metric captured the response of the target species and fauna assemblages, or served as a reliable ecological surrogate for the conservation of a large set of species. Rather, species demonstrated a diversity of responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. Fragmentation effects were more important for the Tumut study, but not important for the Central Highlands study. Stand-scale habitat variables and area of suitable habitat were dominant explanatory variables for the St Mary study. Differences in observed response are partly explained by: (i) differences in landscape structure, particularly the proportion of preferred forest habitat remaining; (ii) differences in the ecology of target species; and (iii) the insensitivity of the landscape measures. Based on the outcomes of the three case studies, we propose principles for developing landscape surrogates for conserving biodiversity in Australia's eucalypt forest landscapes.
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Pringle, Robert M. "The Nile Perch in Lake Victoria: Local Responses and Adaptations." Africa 75, no. 4 (November 2005): 510–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2005.75.4.510.
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AbstractIntroduced into Lake Victoria in the 1950s, the Nile perch has gained fame for prompting rapid regional economic growth and for driving scores of endemic fish species into extinction. This study uses oral and archival data to trace the historical development of the Nile perch fishery on Lake Victoria. Particular emphasis is placed on local responses and adaptations to (1) the Nile perch itself; (2) the abrupt integration of the Lake Victoria fishery with the global economy; and (3) the ecological changes that the Nile perch has precipitated. I also attempt to situate Lake Victoria's history in the larger debate about environment and African livelihoods. Because so much of Lake Victoria's species diversity has been lost within one generation – biologist E. O. Wilson (1992) has called this process ‘the most catastrophic extinction episode of recent history’ – the lake is an ideal case study with which to examine ‘local’ perceptions of biodiversity. The data suggest that species diversity is important and highly resolved in the worldviews of Lake Victoria's fishermen; yet, although the will for conservation is present, poverty obstructs its realization. These findings are discussed in relation to other work on indigenous environmental knowledge and ecological ethics. I argue that ‘intrinsic’ valuation of species diversity and ecological processes may be more widespread in rural societies than has traditionally been assumed by natural and social scientists, and that the preponderance of social studies highlighting oppositions between Western science and ethno-science, and between conservation concerns and local livelihoods, may have blinded us to synergies between them. More effort is needed to understand fully the nuances in these complex local ecological worldviews, perhaps via ‘social histories of extinction’ that explore the local consequences of species loss.
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Barnicoat, Helen, Ryan Cripps, Jonathan Kendon, and Viswambharan Sarasan. "Conservation in vitro of rare and threatened ferns—case studies of biodiversity hotspot and island species." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 47, no. 1 (November 25, 2010): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11627-010-9303-x.
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Zhao, Jun Hui, and Jun Zhao Gao. "Studies on Plant Invasion and Biodiversity Conservation of Ecological Super Highway - A Case of Henan Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1237.
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Recently the researches on ecological super highway remediation technology have risen, but influence degree of invasive plants is not clear. Based on field investigations , 58 vegetations of expressway slope in Henan province were figued up, in which there were 4 invasive plants. Invasive law has been summarized and remediation suggestions have been proposed.
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Grewell, Brenda J., Erin K. Espeland, and Peggy L. Fiedler. "Sea change under climate change: case studies in rare plant conservation from the dynamic San Francisco Estuary." Botany 91, no. 5 (May 2013): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2012-0300.
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We present case studies supporting management of two rare plant species in tidal wetlands of the San Francisco Estuary. We used empirical demographic analyses to identify factors to enhance population establishment and survival of Chloropyron molle subsp. molle (Orobancaceae), an annual hemiparasite, and to compare reintroduced with natural populations. Twelve years after outplanting, the reintroduced population persists but is in decline; impediments to success include the lack of adaptive management response to weed invasions and muted variance in hydrology. Transplantation of Lilaeopsis masonii (Apiaceae), a rhizomatous perennial herb, failed to meet success criteria for mitigation at local project scale, but dispersal and establishment of metapopulation patches indicated persistence at the landscape scale. This species has been found to be genetically indistinct from a widespread congener, and has few threats to persistence so long as suitable habitat is present. These two examples demonstrate the need for integrated conservation management strategies that prioritize habitat connectivity and maintain physical processes to support dispersal in response to sea level rise. For the hemiparasite, assisted colonization may sustain populations threatened by sea level rise, but only if a strong commitment to effective stewardship is realized.
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Sabovljević, Marko S., Marija V. Ćosić, Bojana Z. Jadranin, Jovana P. Pantović, Zlatko S. Giba, Milorad M. Vujičić, and Aneta D. Sabovljević. "The Conservation Physiology of Bryophytes." Plants 11, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11101282.
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An introduction to the conservation physiology of bryophytes is given. The insights into the problems, solutions and examples of the physiological approach to conservation within bryophyte representatives are discussed. The significance of experimental treatments of bryophytes is highlighted. The documentation of bryophyte functional traits and eco-physiological mechanisms in the conservation background for protection purposes is highlighted by the selected examples. The introduction of bryophytes into a new scientific field is resumed and some insights from specific case studies are presented.
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KOVÁCS, Zsófia, Anna Mária CSERGŐ, Péter CSONTOS, and Mária HÖHN. "Ex situ conservation in botanical gardens – challenges and scientific potential preserving plant biodiversity." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 12334. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49212334.
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In the Anthropocene, the world’s plant diversity is threatened with extinction and the erosion of the genetic diversity of natural populations. According to the State of the World’s Plants and Fungi 2020 of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, two out of five of the ~350,000 known vascular plant species are at risk of extinction. Despite the considerable toolkit of biodiversity conservation practices, usually it is hard to choose the best option to stop biodiversity loss. Ex situ conservation has seen massive development due to radical losses of natural ecosystems, and its incrementing necessity has been underscored by Target 8 of the 2011-2020 Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. As we crossed the finish line of this strategy in 2020, a review of the accumulated knowledge on the ex situ living collections has become particularly important. Despite the increasing attention received by ex situ conservation, studies on the sustainability, quality, and usability of the plant material prior to establishing the garden collections are few, leaving major gaps unfilled in terms of best ex situ conservation practices. Here we present an overview of the results and experiences in ex situ conservation focusing on living plant collections, with the aim of guiding conservation practitioners towards the most efficient working methods. We evaluate the future needs and perspectives of this conservation technique, based on case studies on both woody and herb species. Possible conservation applications and priorities suggested for future works are summarized.
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Kougioumoutzis, Konstantinos, Ioannis P. Kokkoris, Maria Panitsa, Panayiotis Trigas, Arne Strid, and Panayotis Dimopoulos. "Plant Diversity Patterns and Conservation Implications under Climate-Change Scenarios in the Mediterranean: The Case of Crete (Aegean, Greece)." Diversity 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12070270.
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Climate change poses a great challenge for biodiversity conservation. Several studies exist regarding climate change’s impacts on European plants, yet none has investigated how climate change will affect the extinction risk of the entire endemic flora of an island biodiversity hotspot, with intense human disturbance. Our aim is to assess climate change’s impacts on the biodiversity patterns of the endemic plants of Crete (S Aegean) and provide a case-study upon which a climate-smart conservation planning strategy might be set. We employed a variety of macroecological analyses and estimated the current and future biodiversity, conservation and extinction hotspots in Crete. We evaluated the effectiveness of climatic refugia and the Natura 2000 network of protected areas (PAs) for protecting the most vulnerable species and identified the taxa of conservation priority based on the Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) index. The results revealed that high altitude areas of Cretan mountains constitute biodiversity hotspots and areas of high conservation and evolutionary value. Due to the “escalator to extinction” phenomenon, these areas are projected to become diversity “death-zones” and should thus be prioritised. Conservation efforts should be targeted at areas with overlaps among PAs and climatic refugia, characterised by high diversity and EDGE scores. This conservation-prioritisation planning will allow the preservation of evolutionary heritage, trait diversity and future ecosystem services for human well-being and acts as a pilot for similar regions worldwide.
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Chisholm, Stewart. "The growing role of citizen engagement in urban naturalization: The case of Canada." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426219.
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The author (MA, MCIP, RPP) co-manages Evergreen's Common Grounds program which focuses on the protection and restoration of public lands in urban areas. He has a Master's degree in urban planning from the University of Waterloo, a Bachelor's Degree in resource geography from the University of Victoria , and he is a full member of the Canadian Institute of Planners. Over the past five years, he has developed urban greening resources for land use professionals and community groups including a national grant program, guidebooks, research reports, municipal policy guidelines and case studies. He has also developed and led professional training workshops for public land managers and other municipal officials on partnership approaches for protecting and stewarding urban green spaces. Prior to joining Evergreen, Stewart worked in the private and public sectors leading a variety of land-use planning, environmental assessment and resource conservation projects. Mr Chisholm has written journal articles and presented papers at national and international conferences including the Canadian Institute of Planners (2002) and the Society for Ecological Restoration (2001). The paper that follows is based on a presentation that he gave at the international symposion on "The Natural City," Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Gatley, Sam, and Roisin Morris. "Striking a Pose: The Display of Hollywood Costume." Costume 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0590887614z.00000000064.
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Hollywood Costume was a major temporary exhibition held at the Victoria and Albert Museum from 20 October 2012 to 27 January 2013 which explored the creation of character in film through costume design, and was curated by the Oscar-nominated costume designer Professor Deborah Noodalman Landis. This article focuses on the challenges negotiated to prepare the 130 costumes, which were diverse in style, material and condition, for display. As well as the condition and physical limitations of the objects, ethical conservation concerns and the differing working practices of the film industry both had to be taken into account. Through a variety of examples and case studies this article demonstrates the range of mounting approaches and solutions which were adopted to support and interpret this group of dramatic and iconic costume ensembles.
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Soderquist, Todd. "What we don't know and haven't learned about cost - benefit prioritisation of rock-wallaby management." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 2 (2011): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10053.
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Research and translocations of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) in New South Wales have, in conjunction with studies in Victoria and Queensland, provided extensive insights yet also document the high variability in the species’ response to management. Nonetheless, experts are being asked to quantify predicted response for cost–benefit prioritisation models that will rank threatened species and populations worthy of future funding, with little consideration of the basic principles behind adaptive management. The weaknesses of these prioritisation models must be evaluated carefully by experts in order that appropriate advice is provided which genuinely assists decision-making. I explore the questions facing rock-wallaby ecologists as a case study of how much more we need to know and learn within adaptive approaches to conservation before our predictions are robust.
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Breman, Elinor, Daniel Ballesteros, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo, Christopher Cockel, John Dickie, Aisyah Faruk, Katherine O’Donnell, et al. "Plant Diversity Conservation Challenges and Prospects—The Perspective of Botanic Gardens and the Millennium Seed Bank." Plants 10, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112371.
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There is a pressing need to conserve plant diversity to prevent extinctions and to enable sustainable use of plant material by current and future generations. Here, we review the contribution that living collections and seed banks based in botanic gardens around the world make to wild plant conservation and to tackling global challenges. We focus in particular on the work of Botanic Gardens Conservation International and the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with its associated global Partnership. The advantages and limitations of conservation of plant diversity as both living material and seed collections are reviewed, and the need for additional research and conservation measures, such as cryopreservation, to enable the long-term conservation of ‘exceptional species’ is discussed. We highlight the importance of networks and sharing access to data and plant material. The skill sets found within botanic gardens and seed banks complement each other and enable the development of integrated conservation (linking in situ and ex situ efforts). Using a number of case studies we demonstrate how botanic gardens and seed banks support integrated conservation and research for agriculture and food security, restoration and reforestation, as well as supporting local livelihoods.
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Hopper, Stephen D. "How well do phylogenetic studies inform the conservation of Australian plants?" Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2000): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99027.
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Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
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de Souza Arêdes-dos-Reis, Maxmira, Monique Silva Costa, Gabriel Uriel Cruz Araújo dos Santos, and Cátia Henriques Callado. "Sample size and cardinal orientation in cambial activity analysis: a case study." IAWA Journal 40, no. 2 (2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-40190215.
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ABSTRACTRadial growth dynamics of woody species is studied by different methods. the annual monitoring of cambial activity has been recommended as the method of greatest accuracy in research and appropriate for studies in protected areas for biological conservation, because it is largely nondestructive. Nevertheless, sampling protocols still need more standardization and precision. this study aims to investigate the influence of cardinal orientation on the number of cells in the cambial zone, and to evaluate the number of trees needed to conduct histological studies of cambial activity in Cedrela odorata, a tropical species with well-defined annual growth in the Atlantic Forest of South America/Brazil. Seventeen trees were evaluated during the period of intense cambial activity, with the sampling of four quadrants of the stem, according to cardinal orientation. the variance of cambial cell numbers was calculated for different numbers of trees. the results showed that radial growth variance was not related to cardinal orientation, but that at least 12 trees should be sampled for robust data on cambial dynamics.
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Hurtado-Reveles, Leopoldo, Mireya Burgos-Hernández, Juan Carlos López-Acosta, and Monserrat Vázquez-Sánchez. "Importance of Local Studies of Vascular Plant Communities in Conservation and Management: A Case Study in Susticacán, Zacatecas, Mexico." Diversity 13, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13100492.
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Some parts of the globe have a deficient vegetation coverage survey causing localized plant community qualities generalized from larger scales, hindering their particular configuration. This process is emphasized in megadiverse countries such as Mexico by transformation and loss of land cover. This can be reflected in the municipality of Susticacán, Zacatecas, settled in a mountainous, scarcely explored area, the Sierra de los Cardos. This study aimed to characterize its plant communities, produce a fine-scale map and compare them to other descriptions. Oak forests, pine forests, grasslands, nopaleras, chaparral, and rock outcrop vegetation were detected through satellite image analysis, sampled, statistically evaluated, and their descriptions supported by the literature. The first two presented a high diversity and endemism, despite a small surface. The chaparral occupied the largest area, and its structure and composition suggest its secondary vegetation in expansion. The presence of exotic–invasive species and human activities threaten the native flora. This study is the first to provide detailed information on the plant communities in Susticacán and is a model for the study of local-scale regions. It highlights the importance of describing and mapping them as a contribution to delineate conservation and management efforts.
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Hamilton, Alan C., Deborah Karamura, and Esezah Kakudidi. "History and conservation of wild and cultivated plant diversity in Uganda: Forest species and banana varieties as case studies." Plant Diversity 38, no. 1 (February 2016): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2016.04.001.
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Ogoma, Benard O., Stephen F. Omondi, Jane Ngaira, and Josephine W. Kimani. "Molecular Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Associated with Carissa edulis, an Endangered Plant Species along Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya." International Journal of Forestry Research 2021 (August 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7792282.
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Carissa edulis is a tropical plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The species is widely used in the preparation of various herbal medicines. Earlier works in Kenya show that an aqueous extract from the roots of C. edulis has remarkable anti-herpes simplex virus. Due to its medicinal value, the species has been overexploited in its natural range and requires conservation interventions. Studies show that the species has beneficial relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can enhance restoration of its population; however, no study has been undertaken to document the diversity of these AMF species. This study evaluated the genetic diversity of AMF associated with the roots of C. edulis within Lake Victoria basin ecosystem of Kenya. A cross-sectional, laboratory-based prospective study was carried out from roots of C. edulis collected from six sites within the ecosystem. Root samples were collected from 6 points (replicates) per site. AMF was assessed through morphological characterization and sequencing of small subunit of ribosomal DNA. Morphological identification identified four genera of AMF (Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, and Glomus) with no significant difference among the sites. Molecular analysis also revealed presence of four genera, but only two (Glomus and Acaulospora) were common for both the analyses with Glomus as the most predominant genera. In all the sites, there were large numbers of spores both in soil and in the roots confirming the association between C. edulis and AMF.
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Lindenmayer, D. B., C. MacGregor, and P. Gibbons. "Comment Economics of a nest-box program for the conservation of an endangered species: a re-appraisal." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 2244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-142.
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Spring et al. (D.A. Spring, M. Bevers, J.O.S. Kennedy, and D. Harley. 2001. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 19922003) recently published a paper on the economics of a nest-box program for the endangered arboreal marsupial, Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) in southeastern Australian forests. While their paper is a useful one, there are some important limitations of nest-box programs that need to be highlighted. In the case of Leadbeater's possum, we have undertaken extensive nest-box studies in Victoria mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) forests, where the vast majority of populations of the species now occur. Although large numbers of nest boxes have been deployed, very few have actually been occupied, which is a major problem since the effectiveness of any nest-box program will depend on patterns of use by the target species. Given very low levels of nest-box occupancy, harvesting regimes such as those that lead to on-site tree retention are needed to better conserve hollow-dependent species like Leadbeater's possum. Moreover, the need for nest boxes in the first place indicates that logging practices are presently not ecologically sustainable, and modified forestry practices need to be adopted.
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Roque-Borda, Cesar Augusto, Dariusz Kulus, Angela Vacaro de Souza, Behzad Kaviani, and Eduardo Festozo Vicente. "Cryopreservation of Agronomic Plant Germplasm Using Vitrification-Based Methods: An Overview of Selected Case Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116157.
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Numerous environmental and endogenous factors affect the level of genetic diversity in natural populations. Genetic variability is the cornerstone of evolution and adaptation of species. However, currently, more and more plant species and local varieties (landraces) are on the brink of extinction due to anthropopression and climate change. Their preservation is imperative for the sake of future breeding programs. Gene banks have been created worldwide to conserve different plant species of cultural and economic importance. Many of them apply cryopreservation, a conservation method in which ultra-low temperatures (−135 °C to −196 °C) are used for long-term storage of tissue samples, with little risk of variation occurrence. Cells can be successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (LN) when the adverse effect of ice crystal formation and growth is mitigated by the removal of water and the formation of the so-called biological glass (vitrification). This state can be achieved in several ways. The involvement of key cold-regulated genes and proteins in the acquisition of cold tolerance in plant tissues may additionally improve the survival of LN-stored explants. The present review explains the importance of cryostorage in agronomy and presents an overview of the recent works accomplished with this strategy. The most widely used cryopreservation techniques, classic and modern cryoprotective agents, and some protocols applied in crops are considered to understand which parameters provide the establishment of high quality and broadly applicable cryopreservation. Attention is also focused on the issues of genetic integrity and functional genomics in plant cryobiology.
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Montagnini, Florencia, Bryan Finegan, Diego Delgado, Beatriz Eibl, Lilian Szczipanski, and Nelson Zamora. "Can Timber Production Be Compatible with Conservation of Forest Biodiversity?–Two Case Studies of Plant Biodiversity in Managed Neotropical Forests." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 12, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v12n01_03.
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van Bodegom, P. M., A. P. Grootjans, B. K. Sorrell, R. M. Bekker, C. Bakker, and W. A. Ozinga. "Plant traits in response to raising groundwater levels in wetland restoration: evidence from three case studies." Applied Vegetation Science 9, no. 2 (2006): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1402-2001(2006)9[251:ptirtr]2.0.co;2.
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van Bodegom, P. M., A. P. Grootjans, B. K. Sorrell, R. M. Bekker, C. Bakker, and W. A. Ozinga. "Plant traits in response to raising groundwater levels in wetland restoration: evidence from three case studies." Applied Vegetation Science 9, no. 2 (November 2006): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2006.tb00674.x.
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Lindenmayer, David, Michael Tanton, T. Linga, and Steve Craig. "Public Participation in Stagwatching Surveys of a Rare Mammal - Applications for Environmental and Public Education." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 7 (January 1991): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001865.
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There is increasing awareness of environmental issues in Australia (Victorian Government 1986, 1987). However, public participation in many such issues is typically limited to comment and submission on government policy, management plans and a range of other environmental statements. It is rare for the public to be involved in the scientific research upon which many environmental policies are based.Recent surveys for the rare and endangered Leadbeater's Possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri have been an exception to this trend (Lindenmayer et al. 1990a, 1990b, 1990c). These studies have used a new wildlife survey technique termed stagwatching (Lindenmayer, 1989; Lindenmayer & Press, 1989) involves observing and counting animals emerging from nest and den sites in very large living or dead trees with hollows (“stags”) at, or close to, dusk. Animals are observed and recognised in silhouette. Because many Australian animals regularly move between nest sites, stagwatching is dependent on simultaneously watching all stags in a known area (= 3 ha in this study) (Smith et al. 1989). This makes stagwatching extremely labour intensive and its success is dependent on substantial participation by the public. Our experience of this public support suggests that stagwatching has considerable value for use in public and environmental education to increase the awareness of methods of study and understanding of forest biology and conservation. The values of stagwatching in environmental education are identified in this paper, and a case study of the use of stagwatching in surveys for Leadbeater's Possum is also presented. The methods used to organise the stagwatching program are documented so they may be adopted and modified for teaching a range of topics about Australian forests.
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McBrayer, Lance D., Richard W. Orton, Chase T. Kinsey, and Lauren K. Neel. "Conservation and Management Strategies Create Opportunities for Integrative Organismal Research." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa069.
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Synopsis Conservation and management activities are geared toward the achievement of particular goals for a specific species, or groups of species, at the population level or higher. Conversely, organismal or functional research is typically organized by hypothesis tests or descriptive work that examines a broader theory studying individual organismal traits. Here, we outline how integrative organismal biologists might conduct mutually beneficial and meaningful research to inform or assist conservation and management biologists. We argue that studies of non-target species are very useful to both groups because non-target species can meet the goals of managers and organismal biologists alike, while also informing the other. We highlight our work on a threatened lizard species’ thermal physiology, behavior, and color pattern—all of which are impacted by species management plans for sympatric, threatened, bird species. We show that management practices affect activity time, thermal adaptation, and substrate use, while also altering predation rates, crypsis, ectoparasite load, and sexual coloration in the study species. These case studies exemplify the challenges of conservation and management efforts for threatened or endangered species in that non-target species can be both positively and negatively affected by those efforts. Yet, the collaboration of organismal biologists with conservation and management efforts provides a productive system for mutually informative research.
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Coates, David J., and Stephen D. Hopper. "Preface to 'Genetics and Conservation of Australian Flora'." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2000): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/btv48n3_pr.
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Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
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OHARA, MASASHI, HIROSHI TOMIMATSU, TAKENORI TAKADA, and SHOICHI KAWANO. "Importance of life history studies for conservation of fragmented populations: A case study of the understory herb, Trillium camschatcense." Plant Species Biology 21, no. 1 (April 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2006.00145.x.
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Mello, Felipe N. A., Sergio Estrada-Villegas, David M. DeFilippis, and Stefan A. Schnitzer. "Can Functional Traits Explain Plant Coexistence? A Case Study with Tropical Lianas and Trees." Diversity 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100397.
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Organisms are adapted to their environment through a suite of anatomical, morphological, and physiological traits. These functional traits are commonly thought to determine an organism’s tolerance to environmental conditions. However, the differences in functional traits among co-occurring species, and whether trait differences mediate competition and coexistence is still poorly understood. Here we review studies comparing functional traits in two co-occurring tropical woody plant guilds, lianas and trees, to understand whether competing plant guilds differ in functional traits and how these differences may help to explain tropical woody plant coexistence. We examined 36 separate studies that compared a total of 140 different functional traits of co-occurring lianas and trees. We conducted a meta-analysis for ten of these functional traits, those that were present in at least five studies. We found that the mean trait value between lianas and trees differed significantly in four of the ten functional traits. Lianas differed from trees mainly in functional traits related to a faster resource acquisition life history strategy. However, the lack of difference in the remaining six functional traits indicates that lianas are not restricted to the fast end of the plant life–history continuum. Differences in functional traits between lianas and trees suggest these plant guilds may coexist in tropical forests by specializing in different life–history strategies, but there is still a significant overlap in the life–history strategies between these two competing guilds.
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Palomares-Rius, Juan E., Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, and Pablo Castillo. "Cryptic species in plant-parasitic nematodes." Nematology 16, no. 10 (2014): 1105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002831.
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This paper summarises the current knowledge concerning cryptic species of plant-parasitic nematode and briefly reviews the different methods available for their detection and characterisation. Cryptic species represent an important component of biodiversity, such speciation being common among plant-parasitic nematodes and occurring in diverse groups with different life history traits, including the spiral, virus vector, root-lesion and false root-knot nematodes. Cryptic species are important for a number of reasons, including food security, quarantine, non-chemical management technologies and species conservation, and should not be ignored. The magnitude of the phenomenon is largely unknown, but the available data on plant-parasitic nematodes demonstrate that reliance on morphology alone for species delimitation seriously underestimates the total number of taxa. Future research should focus on appropriately designed case studies using combined approaches, including large-scale, whole sample analyses by next-generation sequencing or proteomics in order to be able to answer the many questions that still remain.
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Colodner, Debra, Kim Franklin, Craig Ivanyi, John F. Wiens, and Stéphane Poulin. "Why Partner with a Zoo or Garden? Selected Lessons from Seventy Years of Regional Conservation Partnerships at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, no. 4 (December 19, 2022): 725–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3040054.
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Zoos and botanical gardens (ZBGs) play a variety of roles in regional conservation partnerships, including their most common role as the ex situ managers of rare plant and animal populations. Using case studies from a 70-year history of conservation work at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum in Tucson, Arizona, USA, this paper illustrates these roles and the characteristics of ZBGs that make them versatile and effective regional conservation partners. ZBGs commonly play the role of conservation advocates, as discussed in the context of the establishment of protected islands in the Gulf of California. ZBGs also conduct field research, including the collection of long-term datasets, as exemplified by the establishment of the Ironwood Forest National Monument and a 40-year Sonoran Desert phenology database. ZBGs can be effective conveners of communities and conservation partners in regional-scale efforts, such as the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan and Cooperative Weed Management Areas. The paper also explores the challenges faced by ZBGs in sustaining their conservation work.
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Hopper, Stephen D., and Bryan A. Barlow. "Obituary: Sidney Herbert James 1933-1998." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 3 (2000): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/btv48n3_ob.
Full textAbstract:
Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
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Ali, Haidar, and M. Qaiser. "Contribution to the Red List of Pakistan: a case study of the narrow endemic Silene longisepala (Caryophyllaceae)." Oryx 45, no. 4 (October 2011): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531000102x.
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AbstractSilene longisepala Nasir (Caryophyllaceae) is a plant endemic to Chitral District in mountainous north-west Pakistan. This taxon was previously known from only two localities. In field studies during 2005–2007, 24 new localities in lower Chitral were discovered. We found 608 mature individual plants in 22 localities in 2005, 520 mature individuals in 17 localities in 2006, and 531 mature individuals in 18 localities in 2007. Considering the population size in 2007, an extent of occurrence of 3,587 km2 and area of occupancy of 104 km2, we recommend that the species is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The main threat to the species is habitat destruction from road construction, land conversion for agriculture and soil erosion following deforestation; we witnessed the direct effects of these pressures on S. longisepala during our fieldwork. In some localities, however, S. longisepala is fortuitously protected by the general inaccessibility of its habitat. There is no legal framework in Pakistan for the protection of rare and endemic plant taxa on private lands and therefore ex situ conservation may be required for narrow endemics such as S. longisepala. Our methodology in this study, in which we combined detailed field surveys with monitoring, could form a model for conservation research on rare and endemic plant taxa in Pakistan and elsewhere.
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Bonifazi, Andrea, Marta Pacini, and Emanuele Mancini. "The Spreading in Europe of the Non-Indigenous Species Oenothera speciosa Nutt. Might Be a Threat to the Autochthonous Moth Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758)? A New Case Study from Italy." Diversity 14, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090743.
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Oenothera speciosa Nutt. is a non-indigenous plant that is widespread in Europe, South America, Asia, and Oceania. Although in its native range it is rarely pollinated by sphingid moths, in Europe and Asia, it was found to be associated with the hummingbird hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum (Linnaeus, 1758). However, the plant–insect interaction was negative, and the moths were found with proboscides stuck to the flowers of this plant. This interaction is a relevant conservation issue that requires further studies to assess its ecological impact. This work represents the first record of the negative interaction between O. speciosa and M. stellatarum in Italy.
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Boussema, Safa Bel Fekih, Marianne Cohen, and Faiza Khebour Allouche. "PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION WITH SUPRA-REGIONAL CONNECTIONS. CASE STUDY OF A MEDITERRANEAN REGION, TUNISIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i8.2022.4723.
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Ecological network aims to ensure the survival of animal and plant species. It is considered a new public policy to avoid the loss of biodiversity by persevering the landscape connectivity and natural habitats from fragmentation. This research proposes a methodology that is based on identifying the sub-frames representatives of the study area and their selected species. Thus, the methodology developed comprises five steps. In the first step, the land use map was analyzed. Then, the major types of habitat were extracted. In the third step, a forest habitats sub-frame, a semi-open habitats sub-frame, and a wetlands sub-frame were determined. Then, the selected species were characterized. Finally, supra-regional connections were proposed to enhance biodiversity conservation in this region. As a result, crucial ecological corridors can be optimized along with the proposed supra-regional connections to the neighboring cities, and contributing to promote sustainable projects. Thus, the methodological approach developed can be a reference to other local or regional studies. It can be integrated into planning documents that should be a part of a decision-making perspective in public policies for sustainable landscapes, preserving biodiversity, and enhancing well-being.
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Pinceratto, E. J. "THE MINERVA GAS FIELD EIA—A CASE STUDY OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN DECISIONMAKING." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00045.
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The Minerva gas field is situated approximately 10 km offshore Port Campbell, Victoria, in the Southern Ocean in water depth of approximately 60 m. The development involves the drilling and completion of two wells, offshore pipelines to the coast, subterranean shore crossing and onshore pipelines to a gas treatment plant where liquids will be removed prior to exporting the gas.From the outset, the project attracted the interest of the local and wider community due to its proximity to the highly regarded Port Campbell National Park. The National Park is known for its unique geomorphological features, its fauna and flora and aboriginal heritage sites.The development has been subject to a dual jurisdiction, State and Federal, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. The process included the formation of a Community Consultative Committee consisting of representatives from government agencies, local community groups, environmental groups, industry associations and the proponent. The Committee provided input to the scope of the EIA and reviewed and endorsed the studies and report prior to public exhibition. An independent panel hearing and ministerial assessments followed public exhibition.A phased process was adopted in the selection of routes, sites and technologies to achieve the lowest practicable environmental impact. Each phase was supported by studies of environmental aspects, fauna, flora, heritage, visual and social impacts. The process commenced on a regional scale and progressively refined the concept and the study area. Detailed studies of key environmental aspects were conducted for the selected development options.The final development concept addressed the key findings of the baseline and subsequent environmental studies and was largely supported by an independent panel. However, there still remained concerns by sectors of the community on the issue of precedent and integrity of the National Park. The Ministerial assessment reflected the issues of community value above technical, environmental, archaeological and heritage considerations.
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Brown, K., J. Cullity, and G. Paczkowska. "Recovery of Native Plant Communities following Control of Terracina Spurge (Euphorbia terracina): Three Case Studies from South-west Western Australia." Ecological Restoration 32, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.32.1.37.
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Lemos Filho, José Pires de, Maíra Figueiredo Goulart, and Maria Bernadete Lovato. "Populational approach in ecophysiological studies: the case of Plathymenia reticulata, a tree from Cerrado and Atlantic Forest." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 20, no. 3 (September 2008): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202008000300005.
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The variability of ecophysiological traits among populations can be a result of selection in response to environmental pressure and/or due to random factors, like the genetic drift. The analysis of both genetic and phenotypic variation within populations can lead to better understanding of adaptation in order to colonize different habitats. In the last years we have developed several studies with an widely ecogeographic distributed legume tree species, Plathymenia reticulata, which were focused on identifying specific morphological and physiological traits related to adaptation to the habitats of origin of each studied population. We studied populations from Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and ecotonal sites in relation to phenology, seed morphological traits and their relation with seed dispersion, seed dormancy and germination, and growth traits in a common garden experiment. In several analyzed traits we found high diversity in this species that can explain its occurrence in a broad geographical range. The existence of genetically based differences of traits in an adaptive way among savanna and forest populations suggests a degree of divergence that characterizes the existence of ecotypes from Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. We also pointed future perspectives in studies at population level in evolutionary ecophysiology and implications of these studies for flora conservation and habitat restoration.
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Palla, Franco. "Plant Products as Biocides for Conservation of Cultural Asset Sustainable for Human and Environmental Health." Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 18 (December 19, 2022): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29169/1927-5129.2022.18.12.
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In the last decades plants products are increasingly used also in defining innovative procedures for sustainable conservation of cultural heritage. Particularly, essential oils or hydro-alcoholic extracts have been fruitful applied to contrast microbial colonization on organic and inorganic artworks or insect infestation (Anobidae) having regard to the repellent action.
In this paper, extracts from Asteraceae and Lamiaceae plant families are utilized to counteract widespread microbial colonization (bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi) due to their antimicrobial activity. In order to define the adequate concentration correlating it to microbial species detected, the antimicrobial activity of natural products is preliminary in vitro assayed by Agar Disc and Well Plate Diffusion methods. Moreover, an integrated approach based on morphological analysis (optical, scanning and confocal electron microscopy), in vitro cultures (Nutrient or Sabouraud agar) and molecular investigation (genomic microbial DNA extraction, sequencing and sequence analysis) are routinely performed for the identification of largest number of microbial taxa.
Besides, to enhance the antimicrobial activity different protocols have been performed, such as for Thymus vulgaris products directly applied on wooden sculpture surface as hydro-alcoholic extract, followed by exposure, in a dedicated chamber, to the volatile compound of the corresponding Essential Oil. In other case studies, the exposure to volatile compounds of Crithmum maritmum, Inula critmoides, Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare essential oils was performed under controlled vacuum conditions, comparing the effects to environmental condition exposure. These studies confirm the possible use of plant extracts in replacing synthetic chemical biocides, in full respect of human health and environment sustainability.
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Manole, Traian, Józef Banaszak, Halina Ratyńska, Irina Ionescu-Mălăncuş, Eugenia Petrescu, and Gabriela Mărgărit. "The importance of forest islands for invertebrate biodiversity: a case study in Western Poland." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 54, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10191-011-0016-0.
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The importance of forest islands for invertebrate biodiversity: a case study in Western Poland Ecological landscape studies are carried out concerning the ecosystem biocenosis restore and conservation and to define the ecological terms like "ecosystem services" which have increasingly caught the interest of both environmental researchers and policy makers. Ecosystems, if properly protected and maintained, provide a wide array of valuable services to humans, ranging from the air purification by carbon sequestration to preserve biodiversity of natural capital. The agricultural landscape predominating in Western and Central Europe occupies a significant place in Poland deciding, to a large extent, about the quality of the whole natural environment. Forest island studies were carried out in the agricultural landscape of Western Poland, 15 km north-east of Poznań town. Ten forest islands of varying size (from 0.5 ha to 1.5 ha) were investigated. Flora and plant communities of small forests were examined and 58 plant associations were found. Small areas of forest islands became the refuges of forest plant species and invertebrate fauna in an agricultural landscape. Differentiation, number and domination structure of invertebrate fauna (Acari, Araneae, Apoidea and Curculionidae) were studied. The studied forest islands provide suitable conditions for survival and reproduction of many animal species, and for other accidental species which use these areas for feeding or as a temporary shelter.
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Lunt, Ian D. "Two Hundred Years of Land Use and Vegetation Change in a Remnant Coastal Woodland in Southern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 46, no. 6 (1998): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt97052.
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Post-settlement changes in vegetation and land use were examined in a reputedly undisturbed woodland remnant at Ocean Grove, southern Victoria, the site of earlier ecological studies. The vegetation has passed through at least three structural phases since European colonisation: an open grassy woodland dominated by Allocasuarina and Eucalyptus species and Banksia marginata Cav. with few shrubs; an open scrub of Acacia pycnantha Benth.; and a closed scrub of Allocasuarina littoralis (Salisb.) L.A.S.Johnson, which now dominates the reserve. Tree and shrub density has progressively increased, from perhaps less than 20 trees ha–1 in the early 1800s, to over 3000 trees ha–1 in 1996. Most large Allocasuarina trees established in the late 1930s or early 1940s, and Allocasuarina littoralis appears to have invaded rapidly thereafter. Surprisingly, A. littoralis was not recorded in an 1894 plant census, and might have been locally rare last century. Vegetation changes over the past 200 years can be attributed to the long-term absence of fire. The abundant recruitment of Acacia species in the mid- to late-1800s may have been a rapid response to the curtailment of Aboriginal burning, and the more recent invasion of A. littoralis a longer-term response to fire exclusion. The importance of active vegetation management for biodiversity conservation in the future is stressed.
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Añibarro, María V., María J. Andrade, and Eduardo Jiménez-Morales. "A Multicriteria Approach to Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Heritage: Case Studies of Riverside Power Plants." Land 12, no. 2 (January 22, 2023): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020314.
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City riverbanks usually have great landscape value and are iconic public spaces. However, there are many cities with large abandoned industrial buildings, such as power plants, on their riverbanks. Such buildings run the risk of being demolished in order to recover the surrounding natural landscape, despite having an important presence in the collective memory of the citizens and in the history of the city. This article seeks to analyse the reuse and refurbishment of industrial power plants on riversides from a modern artistic/recreational approach in order to restore and enhance the landscape value of the site by regenerating the environs and turning them into hubs of activity. Two case studies from different locations are considered in order to extract the information. A methodology is used that allows us to analyse and study a complex reality in a straightforward, concise and direct way. That means it can be used by many agents currently involved in those reuse processes to compare and to monitor the different cases over time. This research has sought to highlight the power plant typology, its relationship with the riverside, and subsequently, to extrapolate the criteria used to study other industrial buildings.
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GIARETTA, AUGUSTO, and PAULO TAKEO SANO. "A new Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from Suriname with ‘six petals’ display." Phytotaxa 461, no. 2 (October 2, 2020): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.461.2.4.
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Eugenia has ca. 1,100 species mostly with Neotropical distribution. Morphological circumscription of Eugenia has substantially changed over the last 10 years. Recent studies based on molecular and morphological data support a broad morphological circumscription of Eugenia including species with calyx fused and displaying apparently six petals. This is the case of a species here newly described. A detailed description, illustration, conservation assessment and a distribution map are provided.
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Anugrah, Dadang, Andi Vika Faradiba Muin, Irlan Irlan, Muhammad Agung Tomasina, Nurul Azila, Nurhady Sirimorok, Novaty Eny Dungga, and Syamsu Alam. "Injustice against Women in a Social Forestry Program: Case Studies from Two Indonesian Villages." Forest and Society 6, no. 2 (November 3, 2022): 723–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i2.20006.
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Social forestry programs, aimed to reduce poverty in forest communities while maintaining the forest function, are increasingly incorporating gender issues and responsiveness. By design, social forestry program is supposed to promote justice and equality for forest users, but on the ground discriminatory practices against women are occurring. Drawing case study from two Indonesian villages, this study examined the extent of discrimination against women in the implementation of the state social forestry programs. In-depth interviews, observations, and focused group discussions were conducted to collect the data from the villages to analyze the extent of discriminatory practices by using a social justice framework with a three-dimensional approach, namely recognition, representation, and participation, as well as distribution. This study found that women were not recognized as the primary users of forest land (not considered as farmers), low representation and participation of women in the Social Forestry Groups, and unequal distribution of benefits between women and men in obtaining assistance and participation in training for capacity building. Furthermore, gender based discrimination and inequality in social forestry are influenced by local social constructions in the form of patriarchal culture and religious belief. Finally, discrimination against women can take place even in state programs designed to bring justice in the context of joint forestry management, and the formal programs with a degree of gender responsive elements can be succumbed to biased local informal institutions and beliefs.