Journal articles on the topic 'Plant-based phytochemicals and extract'
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1
Husni, Patihul, and Zelika Mega Ramadhania. "Plant Extract Loaded Nanoparticles." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics 3, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v3i1.34032.
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Plant extract, a natural source containing complex mixture of compounds, offers many properties such as antiparasitic, antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, antiviral, insecticide, anticancer, antifungal, hypoglycemic properties. Recent research has been focused on developing formulation the plant extracts not only to deliver them safely but also to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Nanotechnology-based strategies have been proposed as a system that can be used to formulate plant extracts. Plant extract loaded nanoparticles (NPs) is aimed to facilitate in crossing the biological barriers, to increase bioavailability of poorly water-soluble phytochemicals, to encapsulate mixture compounds of different phytochemicals, to provide targeted delivery of phytochemicals to specific organs resulting in low toxicity, to get effective purification process, to mask unpleasant taste and odor, to protect sensitive phytochemicals from biological (e.g. enzyme, pH) and environmental (e.g. light, temperature, humidity) degradation, to control release of encapsulated phytochemicals, and to provide a more flexible control over the size and shape of the NPs. This review is focused on plant extract loaded NPs including its advantages, stages for developing formulation of plant extract loaded NPs, and nanosystem used to loading plant extract. In addition, this review also depicts studies which have been conducted by many researchers in developing plant extract loaded NPs. The data were collected from published journals with 21 and 39 journals as primary and supporting literatures, respectively. Plant extracts loaded NPs could be a promising delivery system for active phytochemical contained in the plant extract which is not only to deliver them safely but also to enhance its therapeutic efficacy.Keywords: plant, extract, nanoparticle
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Poongodi K and Tamiliniyan P. "Qualitative phytochemical assessment of Leucas aspera (willd.) Link using various solvent extracts." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4224.
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Leucas aspera (Willd.) Linn. belonging to family Lamiaceae is well-known as ‘Thumbai' in Tamil Nadu with traditional medicinal value as an antipyretic and insecticide. The current research work has been carried out to screen the phytochemical content of the aqueous, hexane, ethanol and methanol extract from the whole plant of Leucas aspera. The percentage of yield of the extracts varied according to the organic solvents used in which aqueous yielded 5.4% and methanol yielded 7.8%, respectively. Among the 11 phytochemicals screened, the whole-plant extract showed the presence of 10 phytochemicals. The phytochemical screening result showed that the carbohydrate, protein, lipids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids and phenols were present in the plant sample. Among the different solvent extract, methanol extract exhibited more number of phytochemical presence, and aqueous extract showed the least number of phytochemical presence. Among the different phytochemicals screened, carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, tannins were present in all the solvent extracts. In contrast, steroids were absent in all the solvent extracts, and lipid was present only in methanol extract. The result suggested that the presence of secondary metabolites of Leucas aspera could be a potential source for antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity and the methanolic extract of Leucas aspera could be explored for its potent pharmacological activities.
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Muddapur, Uday M., Aejaz A. Khan, Amal Bahafi, S. M. Shakeel Iqubal, Abdul Rahman Ikbal, Tasneem Mohammed, Kayamkani Abedulla Khan, and Muazzam Sheriff Maqbul. "Extraction of the Metabolites from Medicinal plant Euphorbia leaf." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 1257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370535.
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The antimicrobial, phytochemical contents of extracts obtained from the leaf extract of mature Euphorbia pilulifera (E. pilulifera) were examined in this research work. Using ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Euphorbia pilulifera, phytochemical metabolites were studied. Further using chromatography, different components were separated and its antimicrobial activity was studied. Different types of bacterial organisms were used for evaluating the antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that leaf extracts are more sensitive towards organisms. Thus the presence of phytochemicals in the leaf extract can be used for the treatment of different diseases.
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Wakhisi, Charles Wanjala, Gicheru Muita Michael, and Eric Mwangi. "Mineral and Phytochemical Composition of Cleome Gynandra Methanolic Extract." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 8, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.8.1.18-26.
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The study was done to evaluate the mineral and phytochemical composition of the methanolic extract of Cleome gynandra (spider plant). The plant is used as a traditional vegetable in some communities in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The plant has also been reported to have some medicinal effect due to presence of phytochemicals but its pharmacological and phytochemical profile has not been fully established. Collection and authentication of the plant was done followed by extraction using methanol as a solvent. The phytochemical investigation was done using both chemical analysis and chromatography method by use of a Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) system as per standard protocol. Cleome gynandra was found to contain some mineral compounds of nutritional importance and phytochemicals with potential medicinal importance. The phytochemicals analyzed include saponins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, terpanoids and polyphenols. These different phytochemicals can be further studied and their potential medicinal importance analyzed. The study concluded that Cleome gynandra contains phytochemicals with potentially important medicinal value. The plant (Cleome gynandra) can also be used as an important nutritional source of some essential nutrients like Vitamin C and beta carotene. It can also be a good source of some mineral elements like iron, selenium, cobalt, copper, zinc and manganese. This can be important for families in rural areas and for the low-income households in both rural and urban areas as a source of nutrients.
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Malathi, R., D. Kaviyarasan, and S. Chandrasekar. "Study on Preliminary Phytochemicals and GC-MS Analysis of Justicia adhatoda Leaves Extract." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (August 19, 2019): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3380.
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Several natural products have been implemented as an alternative health care treatment and in discovery of effective modern drugs. A major focus of natural product chemistry has been toward drug design and discovery. Justicia adhatoda is a well-known Indian medicinal plant valued for its pharmacopeia. This plant root, bark, leaf and flower are used to heal several diseases and poisonous bites. The present work was to evaluate the phytochemicals and GC-MS analysis of J. adhatoda leaves extracts. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. The result showed that the phytochemicals present in the extract of J.adhatoda are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, hydroxy anthraquinones, tannins, phlobatannins, proteins, xantho protein, steroids and phenols. The GC-MS analysis of acetone extract showed the presence of many secondary metabolites like phytol (0.8%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z) (1.6%), butane, 2,2-dimethyl (0.21%), pentane, 2,3,3-trimethyl (0.22%), hexathiane (0.08%), and benzenesulfonic acid (0.22%). The diversity of phytochemical present in the plant suggests that J. adhatoda could serve as a source of useful drugs.
Keywords: Justicia adhatoda leaves, acetone extract, phytochemicals, GC-MS.
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Kumar N., Santhosh, Aliya Nusrath, and Dinesha Ramadas. "Quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in medicinal plant coleus aromaticus extracts." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180630.
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Background: Indian medicinal plants have great potential towards curing many diseases. Medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus is known for its wide medical applications. The main objectives of the study undertaken were to analyze the phytochemicals and compare the concentration present in the dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract with various solvents.Methods: Various extracts of the medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus leaves such as dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein, hydro alcoholic extract, ethanol extract and chloroform extract were prepared and analyzed for various phytochemical concentrations such as Total phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method), Flavonoids (Aluminum chloride method), total sugars (Dubois method) and Proteins (Bradford’s method). Standard graph for each component was plotted.Results: The protein concentration in dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract is considerably higher (5.8μg/10μl) than hydro alcoholic extract (1.6μg/10μl), ethanol extract (5.2μg/10μl) and chloroform extract (2.8μg/10μl). The other phytochemicals like total phenol, flavonoids and total sugars were low in concentration in the dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract compared to hydro alcoholic extract, ethanol extract and chloroform extract.Conclusions: In this study, the protein concentration in dialyzed Coleus aromaticus protein extract is considerably higher than the same in other solvent extracts. This is the basis for further studies to unfold the antioxidant activity of Coleus aromaticus protein in vitro.
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Dahiru, Muhammad Mubarak, and Margret Samuel Nadro. "Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Hyphaene thebaica Fruit." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v5i4.3632.
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The nature and application of medicinal plants in managing complications of various ailments are attributed partly to the presence of different phytochemicals. Oxidative stress due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species is a challenge in the management of such ailments, which might lead to death. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Hyphaene thebaica fruit. The phytochemicals in methanol, aqueous, and ethyl acetate extract were qualitatively determined, followed by quantitation of the ethyl acetate extract as it contains phytochemicals absent in the other extracts. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extract of H. thebaica fruit was also determined. The result revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and flavonoids in all the extracts. However, steroids were not detected in the aqueous extract, and glycoside was detected only in the ethyl acetate extract. Flavonoids (5.80±0.20%) were higher than all the other phytochemicals in the ethyl acetate extract, followed by saponins which were present up to 2.50±0.11%, then terpenoids. Glycosides were present in higher amounts compared to steroids. However, alkaloids (0.08±0.05%) were in smaller amounts compared to the other phytochemicals quantified. The antioxidant activity showed a concentration-dependent increase in absorbance of the extract as displayed by the standard (ascorbic acid). The extract had an IC50 of 52.21 µg/mL, significantly (p <0.05) higher than that of the standard (14.10 µg/mL). Due to its phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity, H. thebaica can be used as a medicinal plant.
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Kalita, Lawrence, Biswajit Dash, Uttam Borah, Juman Deka, and Suvakanta Dash. "PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF DRIED FRUITS OF SOLANUM TORVUM (FAMILY-SOLANACEAE)." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017.v9i3.19982.
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Objective: To study the antimicrobial activity ethanolic extracts of dried fruits of Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) along with preliminary phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the herb Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) were prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungus using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present experiment shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of dried fruits of the plant Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae). Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms.Conclusion: It can be concluded ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Solanumtorvum (family-solanaceae) contain the high presence of phytochemicals. This extract was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
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Peduruhewa, P. S., K. G. L. R. Jayathunage, and R. Liyanage. "Phytochemical screening and antioxidants in vitro bioaccessibility of Coccinia grandis: an underutilized wild edible plant in Sri Lanka." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1094, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1094/1/012007.
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Abstract Coccinia grandis (L.) J. Voigt is an underutilized wild edible plant in Sri Lanka that consists of a number of medicinal and nutritional values. Underutilized wild edibles have multiple positive health effects for humans, attributed to their bioactive compounds including minerals, antioxidants and phytochemicals. Even though these plant extracts are enriched with a number of bioactive compounds, the bioaccessibility as well as, the bioavailability of those compounds significantly depend on the structure and the form in which they are introduced into the human body. Therefore, crude extract of C. grandis was subjected to evaluate their phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and antioxidant in vitro bioaccessibility fraction of digested samples were calculated. Organic solvents namely, ethanol, hexane and chloroform were used to extract the samples and qualitative in vitro phytochemical screening was conducted to screen for the presence or absence of the phytochemicals. Results indicate that alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, quinone, terpenoids and steroids are the available phytochemicals in every organic extract of C. grandis. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was done by two different assays such as DPPH and ABTS. In the hexane extract it was detected relatively high antioxidant activity as 0.008 mg/mL (IC50) in DPPH assay and 561.94 mg TEAC/ g in ABTS assay. Antioxidant bioaccessibility was also tested through an in vitro digestion model and a 42% bioavailability rate was indicated against the corresponding antioxidant activity in un-digested ethanol extract of C. grandis. Based on the presence of various phytochemicals and is a natural source of antioxidants, this species can be used to improve the human diet, especially for low-income people.
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Pujar, Rashmi, Nivedita Pujari, Arun K. Shettar, Joy H. Hoskeri, and Ramesh Babu Y. "GC-MS based Phytochemical Profiling and investigation of in vitro pharmacological activity of Croton sparsiflorus." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1711rjbt08018.
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Phytochemicals are major group of compounds responsible for potential pharmacological activity of plant Croton sparsiflorus. It is a herbal plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is reported with diverse therapeutic properties. In the current study, different solvent extracts (Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol and Distilled water) of Croton sparsiflorus were examined for phytochemical screening based on GC-MS analysis. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts was examined by DPPH, FRAP, H2O2 assay and anti-inflammatory was performed by in vitro protein denaturation assay. Phytochemical screening reported presence of phenols, terpenoids and fats in aqueous leaf extract and saponins were present in chloroform extract. GC-MS analysis reported presence of six compounds namely methyl palmitate, 9-octadecenoic acid (z)-, methyl ester, methyl stearate, methyl lignocerate pentacosane and tetratetracontane. These compounds were reported to have several biological and industrial applications. Overall antioxidant assays showed that aqueous leaf extract has shown significant comparable activity near to the standard drug ascorbic acid. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity results revealed that as compared to the standard aspirin drug, aqueous leaf extract showed less but appreciable activity. In future, Croton sparsiflorus plant can be used for treating oxidative stress and inflammation related disorders as it possesses potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Miranda, Cristobal L., Yadano Kumbi, Wenbin Wu, Hyi-Seung Lee, Ralph L. Reed, and Jan F. Stevens. "Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivity Toward Breast Cancer Cells of Unhydrolyzed and Acid-Hydrolyzed Extracts of Fagonia indica." Natural Product Communications 17, no. 7 (July 2022): 1934578X2211094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x221109426.
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Phytochemicals from the genus, Fagonia, have been attracting increasing attention due to their potential beneficial effects on human health. Fagonia species contain various types of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, coumarins and tannins. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical composition of unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed extracts of Fagonia indica and their bioactivity toward breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro. The results revealed that F. indica contains phytochemicals consistent with the reported phytochemical composition of this Fagonia species, with greater amounts of aglycones detected in the hydrolyzed extract. The crude extract of F. indica without acid hydrolysis was found to be ineffective in inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 cells at doses below 1000 µg/mL. However, after acid hydrolysis (to mimic gastro-intestinal hydrolysis), the F. indica extract became growth-inhibitory to MCF-7 cells as low as 10 µg/mL and the cytotoxicity increased with increasing dose and time of treatment. The results suggest that F. indica extracts contain phytochemicals in glycosidic forms whose aglycones are active as anti-proliferative agents toward breast cancer cells in vitro.
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Idris, M. M., and U. Idris. "Assessment of cytotoxicity and antiplasmodial activities of Prosopis africana leaf extracts." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.57s.
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Malaria is a major health concern in Sub Saharan Africa and there are few effective treatment options. Nigeria has diverse flora with potent antimalarial phytochemicals and high ethnomedicinal plants uses. This study investigated the phytochemicals, Cytotoxicity and in-vitro antiplasmodial activity of ethnomedicinal plant which is Prosopis africana. Crude ethanol extract and macerated fractions from the ethnomedicinal plant were screened for major classes of antiplasmodial phytochemical compounds i.e., terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and Steroids. The antiplasmodial assay was conducted at 5% parasitaemia for 24 and 48 hours, against P. falciparum. Artemether-Lumefantrine was used as a positive control while 0.5% DMSO in RPMI 1640 medium was used as negative control. Moreover, all plant extract and fractions of P. africana were found to be effective in vitro for antiplasmodial activity, they demonstrated remarkable bioactivities at all concentrations; Methanol fraction (Pa-05) shows the highest activity with percentage elimination of 83.9% at 625µg/ml, 87.5% at 1250µg/ml, 92.9% at 2500µg/ml and 96.4% at 5000µg/ml. However, all the extract fractions have shown a good activity against the Brine Shrimp nauplii larvae. Crude Ethanol extract (PA-01) and n-Hexane fraction displayed the highest activity (LC50 58.482µg/ml and 75.462 µg/ml) respectively. However, the results suggested that extracts of P. africana showed the most curative anti-plasmodia effect in infected blood which may be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents such as a alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids.
Keywords: Ethanol extract, Fractions, Phytochemicals, Cytotoxicity and Antiplasmodial
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Akinnibosun, Faith Iguodala, and Bolorunduro Lanre Adewumi. "Evaluation of phytochemical components of various parts of Cola millenii K. Schum." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 29, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2018-0004.
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AbstractThis study is aimed at evaluating the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition of various parts (leaf, stem bark, root, seed and pulp) of Cola millenii a medicinal plant of southwestern Nigeria. The bioactive ingredients were extracted using water, ethanol and n-hexane in a solvent-percolation protocol. The qualitative phytochemical screening result revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins and tannins in all the parts of the plant analyzed. Glycosides was found in only the seed and pulp extracts while only the seed, leaf and stem bark contain terpenoids. Also, flavonoids were found in pulp extract only whereas, anthraquinones were not found in all the plant parts. In the quantitative analyses aqueous extracts of the pulp parts contained higher saponins (1.81%), tannins (0.77%) and flavonoids (1.12%) followed by seed aqueous extract which had 0.62%, 0.51%, 0.70% and 0.47% composition of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids respectively. In ethanol extract, pulp extract also had higher percentage of alkaloids (1.72%), saponins (2.24%), tannins (1.15%) and flavonoids (1.21%) compared to other parts of the plant however, glycosides was found in higher percentage in seed extracts (1.10 %) than in pulp (0.21%). Moreover, in n-hexane extracts of the plant parts, pulp extracts revealed higher percentage of alkaloids (1.71%), saponins (1.40%) and flavonoids (0.93%) followed by stem bark extract whereas glycosides was present in higher percentage in seed (0.82%) than pulp extracts (0.38%). In all, the pulp and seed extracts of the plant contained more phytochemicals than other parts screened. Moreover, pulp extracts contain higher percentage of these phytochemicals than the other parts except glycosides and terpenoids which were more abundant in seed extracts than the other parts. Among different solvents used for extraction in the series, ethanol had the highest extraction capacity in pulp, leaf and stem bark extracts while n-hexane had the best extraction capacity in the seed extract. Thus, C. millenii may possess medicinal properties which may be expeditiously utilized in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Dinesha Ramadas, Santhosh Kumar Nune, Chikkanna D, Maheshwara KV, and Vedamurthy Joshi. "Anti-glycation and antioxidant properties of Abutilon indicum plant leaves." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.2.0090.
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The study was done to investigate the in vitro anti-diabetic activity of Ethanol-water extract of Abutilon indicum plant leaves. The phytochemicals present in the extract was analyzed by using standard methods. In vitro antioxidant study was done using DPPH radical scavenging activity. The In vitro anti-diabetic studies were done by alpha amylase enzyme, alpha glucosidases enzyme inhibition studies and Glucose uptake in Yeast cells studies. The phytochemical analysis showed that the extract rich with proteins, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polysaccharides. The in vitro antiglycation potential of extract was confirmed through alpha amylase enzyme, alpha glucosidases enzyme inhibition studies and Glucose uptake in Yeast cells studies. The results of the present study showed the significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. The potential pharmacological activity of Abutilon indicum might be the presence of phytochemicals.
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Ayalew, Ayalew. "Phytochemical constituents in edible parts of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (lam.) (cogn.)) accessions from Ethiopia." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2019.16.
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Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) accessions from Ethiopia were tested for the presence of major phytochemicals using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative tests were performed for 12 phytochemical compounds with 6 solvent extracts and water using standard methods. Quantitative analysis for important secondary metabolites included total phenols, total flavonoids, crude saponins and beta-carotene. Of the 12 phytochemicals tested, five compounds showed positive results for all the seven extracts in the tubers, whereas only two phytochemicals responded positively in the leaves. The water extract of anchote showed positive results for 11 of the phytochemicals while n-butanol showed positive results for six in both the tuber and leaf parts. The water extract also had the highest phytochemicals in both the tuber and leaf parts when compared to the other solvent extracts. Anchote leaf had the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents followed by the fruit and the least concentration was in the tuber for all the accessions. The leaf contained the highest percentage of saponins (27.65%) while tuber had the lowest (14.65%). The β-carotene content in five accessions of anchote leaf ranged from 25.9±0.03 to 35.2±0.16 µg/g. Anchote is popular in the Oromo and non-Oromo tribes in Ethiopia, because of its medicinal role. Owing to the various phytochemical compounds present in the plant further screening and identification of its active compounds is recommended.
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Haki, G. D. "Phytochemical constituents in edible parts of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (lam.) (cogn.)) accessions from Ethiopia." Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37106/bojaas.2019.2.
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Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) accessions from Ethiopia were tested for the presence of major phytochemicals using qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative tests were performed for 12 phytochemical compounds with 6 solvent extracts and water using standard methods. Quantitative analysis for important secondary metabolites included total phenols, total flavonoids, crude saponins and beta-carotene. Of the 12 phytochemicals tested, five compounds showed positive results for all the seven extracts in the tubers, whereas only two phytochemicals responded positively in the leaves. The water extract of anchote showed positive results for 11 of the phytochemicals while n-butanol showed positive results for six in both the tuber and leaf parts. The water extract also had the highest phytochemicals in both the tuber and leaf parts when compared to the other solvent extracts. Anchote leaf had the highest total phenol and flavonoid contents followed by the fruit and the least concentration was in the tuber for all the accessions. The leaf contained the highest percentage of saponins (27.65%) while tuber had the lowest (14.65%). The β-carotene content in five accessions of anchote leaf ranged from 25.9±0.03 to 35.2±0.16 µg/g. Anchote is popular in the Oromo and non-Oromo tribes in Ethiopia, because of its medicinal role. Owing to the various phytochemical compounds present in the plant further screening and identification of its active compounds is recommended.
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Živić, Nebojša, Slaviša Milošević, Vidoslav Dekić, Biljana Dekić, Novica Ristić, Milenko Ristić, and Ljiljana Sretić. "Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of some extracts of Juniperus communis L. and Juniperus oxycedrus L." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 37, No. 5 (October 31, 2019): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2019-cjfs.
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The content of phytochemicals, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant potential of extracts of Juniperus communis L. and Juniperus oxycedrus L. berries were determined. Ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform were used for the process of extraction. Phytochemical monitoring was based on already known methods, while in vitro antioxidant activities were done by DPPH assay. Phytochemical screening showed a wide spectrum of phytochemicals. Ethanolic extract of Juniperus communis L. possesses the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 28.55 ± 0.24 µ/ml), as well the higher contents of total phenolics, 189.82 ± 0.27 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of dried weight extract (mg GAE/g extract DW), and total flavonoids, 42.85 ± 0.13 mg of rutin equivalents per g of dried weight extract (mg RE/g extract DW). The results indicated the potential application of the tested extracts as significant antioxidants.
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Ali, Amjad, Mohammad Nisar, Syed Wadood Ali Shah, Atif Ali Khan Khalil, Muhammad Zahoor, Nausheen Nazir, Sayed Afzal Shah, et al. "Anatomical Characterization, HPLC Analysis, and Biological Activities of Ilex dipyrena." Plants 11, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050617.
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Ilex dipyrena Wall (Aquifoliaceae), is a traditional medicinal plant abundantly found in India and Pakistan. In the current research work, initially, the anatomical characteristics were recorded through microscopic examination of selected plant parts, such as leaf, petiole, and midrib. Then, the quantitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard tests reported in literature. The whole-plant powdered sample was then soaked in methanol to obtain crude extract, which was then fractionated into solvents of different polarities to obtain ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol, hexane, and aqueous extracts. The phytochemical composition of the crude ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (being the most active fractions) was then confirmed through HPLC analyses, where the possible phytochemical present were predicted through comparison of retention time of a given compound peak with the available standards. The extracts were also evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and ani-lipoxygenase potentials using standard methods. The microscopic examination revealed the presence of anomocytic type stomata on the abaxial side of the leaf as well as unicellular trichrome and calcium oxalate druses crystals in the midrib and petiole, with a single, centered U-shaped collateral arterial bundle, which was directed toward the adaxial and the phloem toward the abaxial sides of the selected plant parts, respectively. Almost all tested representative groups of phytochemicals and essential minerals were detected in the selected plant, whereas five possible phytochemicals were confirmed in crude and chloroform extract and seven in ethyl acetate fraction. As antioxidant, chloroform fraction was more potent, which exhibited an IC50 value of 64.99, 69.15, and 268.52 µg/mL, determined through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Ethyl acetate extract was also equally potent against the tested free radicals. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were also potent against lipoxygenase, with IC50 value of 75.99 and 106.11 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the results of biological studies, Ilex dipyrena was found to good inhibitor of free radicals and lipoxygenase that could be further investigated to isolate compounds of medicinal importance.
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Pandey, Binayak Raj, Angela Shrestha, Nisha Sharma, and Bhupal Govinda Shrestha. "Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Potentials of Agave americana." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v7i1.26948.
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Ethnomedicinal plants are being used as a source of medicine from ancient time but they lack the proof of modern scientific evidence for their effectiveness. This study focuses on the evaluation of phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties of one of the ethnomedicinal plant Agave americana from Dhulikhel region of Nepal. The plant extract was prepared using solvent-based warm soxhlet extraction from the leaves of the plant and antimicrobial activity against six different non-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Salmonella paratyphi) was evaluated using agar disc diffusion method along with qualitative analysis for presence/absence of phytochemicals. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cancer cell. Presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugars and saponins were detected in the plant extract. The extract was found to show some level of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus thuringiensis at 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml. The IC50 value of the extract was found to be 7.68 μg/ml. The extracts of Agave americana showed 50 % cell-death of MCF-7 in 12 h at 5 μg/ml. Although this study provided some scientific evidence for the medicinal value of Agave americana, further studies are still needed for the detailed evaluations of every molecule present in this plant along with screening in larger geographical area of Nepal.
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Mahto, Harishankar, Dipa Mahato, and Hanuman Prasad Sharma. "Phytoconstituent estimation and LC-MS studies of field grown Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal root extract in Jharkhand and Bihar." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2611rjce1350141.
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Plants in either raw form or their root extracts are utilized as complementary and alternative medicine in various disorders. The present study was undertaken for phytoconstituents estimation and to evaluate chemical compositions of methanolic extract of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) roots collected from BAU, Ranchi, Jharkhand and Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar. Phytochemicals through crude methanolic extract were analyzed in Ashwagandha roots. Alcoholic extract was prepared using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. On phytochemical evaluation, total phenolic, flavonoid, total tannin and alkaloids were estimated. Presence of bioactive components in extract was determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (ESI positive ion) technique. Qualitative screening of extract ensured the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins and flavonoids. Quantitatively these phytochemicals showed TPC (66.06 mg/gm), TFC (650.0 mg/gm), TAC (102 mg/gm) and TTC (5.89 mg/gm). However, the phytochemicals and yield did not accumulate in various fractions on polarity. This result was supported by LC-MS analysis which showed 17 definite peaks in their chromatogram but only 8 peaks offer a suitable approximation. Extract revealed forty five bioactive compounds where most of them were phenolic compounds, aryl propionic acid and cinnamide derivatives. Quantitative analysis of present phytochemical showed maximum quantity of TFC followed by TAC, TPC and TTC. On the other hand, presence of various bioactive compounds in root extract showed that plant is having very high medicinal value.
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Sani, I., A. Abdulhamid, and F. Bello. "Eucalyptus camaldulensis: Phytochemical composition of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, stem-bark, root, fruits and seeds." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 3, no. 5 (October 25, 2014): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2014.3510.
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Phytochemicalsare active secondary plant metabolites responsible for most of the claimed medicinal activities of plants. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is one of those plants that possess these phytochemicals and claimed to possess medicinal activities on various ailments. The phytochemicals constituents of various parts of this plant were investigated using standard methods of phytochemicals screening in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Qualitative screening revealed that tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids and anthraquinones were present in aqueous extract of all the parts of the plant, whereas alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were absent. On the other hand, tannins and steroids were present in the ethanolic extract of all the parts of the plant, while saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were present only in some parts of the plant. However, glycosides and anthraquinone were absent in all the ethanolic extracts. The quantitative screening revealed large amount of saponins in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts across the various parts of the plant. Whereas small amount of tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids were found only in the ethanolic extract of some parts of the plant. The presence of these phytochemicals in Eucalyptus camaldulensis could therefore justify the applications of the plant in management and curing of various ailments as claimed traditionally.
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K. Nair, Deepa, B. Shanthi B. Shanthi, Supriya Simon A, and V. S. Kalaiselvi V.S Kalaiselvi. "Phytochemical and GCMS Analysis of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Bauhinia variegate." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2452.
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Herbal remedies are the most widely utilized medical therapy in most underdeveloped nations. Medicinal plants have been utilized for millennia due to their broad availability. Bauhinia variegata is a medicinal plant that grows in India and is thought to have medicinal properties due to specific bioactive components. The present work evaluated the phytochemical composition of the methanol extract of Bauhinia variegata‘s leaves. Further, three different assays were used to test the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Bauhinia variegata at varying doses. The antioxidant activity of several extracts of plant was shown to be more promising as a consequence of our research. The components of the more potent phytochemicals of Bauhinia variegata were further investigated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Our results reveal that the presence of specific phytochemicals warrants the Bauhinia variegata's use in health-promoting properties.
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Abu-Izneid, Tareq, Abdur Rauf, Syed Uzair Ali Shah, Abdul Wadood, Mohamed I. S. Abdelhady, Priymenko Nathalie, Domange Céline, Nashwa Mansour, and Seema Patel. "In Vivo Study on Analgesic, Muscle-Relaxant, Sedative Activity of Extracts of Hypochaeris radicata and In Silico Evaluation of Certain Compounds Present in This Species." BioMed Research International 2018 (May 13, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3868070.
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Background. Hypochaeris radicata (flatweed) from the family Asteraceae is a medicinal plant found in Europe, Middle East, and India. In folkloric medication, it is used to heal jaundice, dyspepsia, constipation, rheumatism, and hypoglycemia as well as renal problems. Leaves and roots of the plant have antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The plant is a rich source of pharmacologically active phytochemicals; however, it is explored scantily. The objective of the current study was to identify the chemical composition and investigate the in vivo biological potency of crude extracts of this plant. Methods. The crude extract and the fractions were screened for various phytochemical groups of constituents following standard procedures. The acute toxicity was assayed for safe range of dose determination. The analgesic potential of the extract and fractions was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing test. The muscle-relaxant activity was examined by standard inclined-plane test and traction test. Sedative potential of extract/fractions was assessed by using standard white wood procedures. Furthermore, docking analysis of two compounds present in the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant was assessed against 3D cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2). Results. The extract/fractions of H. radicata showed significant analgesic effect in in vivo model of peripheral algesia. The docking analysis of previously isolated molecules from the plant also exhibited promising interaction with COX-1 and COX-2. Also, the plant has a mild sedative and muscle-relaxant potential. Thus, our study provided pharmacological rationale for the traditional uses of the plant as analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedy. Conclusion. The crude extracts and fractions exhibited excellent activity due to active phytochemicals. These active phytochemicals also exhibited promising interaction with COX-1 and COX-2. These findings directed researcher to isolate active compounds from H. radicata which may be used as a potential source of active secondary metabolites.
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Kumar Shrestha, Bijay, Bidhya Dhungana, Jenish Shakya, Romika Shrestha, and Sujata Chauhan. "Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of Bark Extract of Shorea robusta (Sal)." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54796/njb.v10i1.227.
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Different parts of Shorea robusta (Sal) are being used in ancestral and ayurvedic medicines and are known to cure health ailments. The different phytochemicals present in S. robusta is known to possess antimicrobial property. The different botanical parts of this plant have been used in ayurvedic medicines to cure certain infectious diseases. The main aim of this study was to screen phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of bark extract of S. robusta. Literatures were collected through books, journals and further additional information were collected from residents and traditional ayurvedic practitioners. The ethanolic bark extract of S. robusta was obtained through 70% ethanol in rotatory shaker for 72 hours at 37 ℃ and then the crude extract was dried, preserved and analyzed for phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity. The phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of bark of S. robusta indicated presence of phytochemicals like, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, anthraquinone and absence of phlobatannins, terpenoids, starch and proteins. The extract of S. robusta on Staphylococcus aureus exhibited clear zone of inhibition of 21mm at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg/mL while on Escherichia coli exhibited clear zone of inhibition of 9 mm at MIC of 4 mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity may be conferred due to the presence of plant phytochemicals. S. robusta bark extract exhibiting significant minimum inhibitory concentration and antimicrobial activity indicates the efficacy of this plant to be considered for discovering and extracting new antimicrobial products against the pathogens. These findings need further support for appropriate formulation of the drug and its therapeutic use in clinical settings.
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Guo, Huina, Arpamas Chariyakornkul, Warunyoo Phannasorn, Sugunya Mahatheeranont, and Rawiwan Wongpoomchai. "Phytochemical Profile and Chemopreventive Properties of Cooked Glutinous Purple Rice Extracts Using Cell-Based Assays and Rat Model." Foods 11, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152333.
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Purple rice has gained attention for its health promoting potential due to a high content of bioactive phytochemicals. The heat generated during cooking alters the quality and quantity of nutrients and phytochemicals in food. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile and chemopreventive properties of cooked glutinous purple rice using cell-based assays and a rat model. Purple rice was cooked in a rice cooker and was then further extracted with solvents to obtain dichloromethane and methanol extracts. The methanol extracts of glutinous purple rice contained great amounts of phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Protocatechuic acid (2.26–5.40 mg/g extract) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (34.3–65.7 mg/g extract) were the major phenolic acid and anthocyanin contents, respectively. After cooking, the content of anthocyanins, γ-oryzanols, and phytosterols decreased, while the amount of some phenolic acid and tocol contents increased. Methanol extracts of glutinous purple rice inhibited reactive oxygen species production about 60% in PMA-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, reduced nitric oxide formation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells (26–39% inhibition), and exhibited antimutagenicity against several mutagens using the Ames test, but dichloromethane extracts presented only mild anti-inflammatory activities. Although methanol extracts induced mild mutagenicity (mutagenic index 2.0–2.5), they did not induce micronucleated hepatocyte formation and certain hepatic CYP450 isozyme activities in rats. However, the mutagenicity of the methanol extract significantly declined after cooking. In summary, the methanol extract of the cooked glutinous purple rice might be a promising cancer chemopreventive fraction, which was neither genotoxic nor posing adverse effects on phytochemical–drug interaction in rats.
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Selvaraj, Venkatesan, Anithakumari M., Balamurugan V., Sundaresan Arjunan, Susindren Perumal, and Vasanthi K. "Phytochemical screening, FT-IR analysis and antimicrobial activity of Wattakaka volubilis." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (August 23, 2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6457.
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The present study was evaluated the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract. The Wattakaka volubilis is medicinal plant used in the treatment of various diseases (Wound, diabetics, rheumatic and diarrhea). The ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and DMSO extract from the leaf of Wattakaka volubilis were screened on their phytochemicals analysis. Among thesePhytochemicals were alkaloids, anthroquione, caumarin, flavanoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids for present in the following extracts ethanol, methanol. The petroleum ether and DMSO only present in several phytochemicals like alkaloid, anthroquinone, terpenoids and tannins. Wattakaka volubilis against the antibacterial like E. coli, B. pumilus, Enterobacter aerogens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The zone of inhibition of Wattkaka voulubilis leaf extract against the bacteria was maximum inhibition Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogens, Bacillus pumilis. The least zone of inhibition was recorded against E.coli. The characterization of the plant extract and the functional groups was analyzed in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The absorbance bands analysis were observed in the region of 4000-400cm-1 are 23 compounds derived. The compounds represented the ranges from 3905.21 to 436.41 peaks were shown. This study which is the primary report on the phytochemicals analysis and antibacterial properties of Wattakaka volubilis supports its traditional uses in the treatment of infectious and non- infectious diseases.
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Anooj S M, Betty T, Malini R P, Vasini V, and Sumathi P. "Phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations on the aerial plant parts of pergularia daemia forsk. (asclepiadaceae): a perennial twinning herb." Kongunadu Research Journal 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj.2022.21.
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Scientific investigations of medicinal plants have been initiated in many parts of our country because of their contribution to health care. The medicinal properties of plants are due to the presence of phytochemicals. The phytochemicals have anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties. The resistance to antibiotics by bacteria is increasingly becoming a concern to public health. Currently used antibiotic agents fail to bring an end to many bacterial infections due to super-resistant strains. Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents from which new drugs can be obtained. The phytochemical constituents of plants are desirable, not only for the discovery of therapeutic agents, but also because such information may be of value in disclosing new sources. The present study has been carried out on the phytochemical, anti- oxidant and anti-bacterial character of aerial plant parts of Pergularia daemia. The phytochemical result shows that the flavonoids, phenols and tannins were present abundantly in the Ethanolic extracts of aerial plant parts. Both total phenol and tannins are high in ethanolic extract. The antioxidant activity of the plant was done by using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Pergularia daemia aerial plant parts was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter freundii.
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Kumar Prusty, Amiya, Avinash Muduli, and Susanta Kumar Rout. "thrombolytic activity study of a polyherbal formulation developed by using extracts of different medicinal plants." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.010.
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The present research work was carried out to evaluate the in-Vitro thrombolytic activity of a polyherbal formulation prepared by using extracts of different part of medicinal plants, having thrombolytic activity i.e. bulbs of cepa and seeds of The extracts had shown 38.93 % and 35.65 %, clot lysis activity respectively, that was significant with reference to Streptokinase (64.97 %) and water (1.26%). The formulated poly herbal formulation using these two extracts also had shown good thrombolytic activity. The phytochemical analysis of individul plant extract had shown presence of different phytochemicals in common. That indicates, the in-vitro thrombolytic activity of the plants may be due to the presence of these phytochemicals.
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Jassal, Prabhjot Singh, and Gagandeep Kaur. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS IN ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF IN VITRO AND FIELD GROWN WITHANIA SOMNIFERA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13370.
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ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was planned to compare antioxidant activity in vitro and field grown Withania somnifera was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Medicinal plants are a major source of phytochemicals used for the treatments ofhuman diseases. W. somnifera has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.Methods: Antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents in W. somnifera were determined spectrophotometrically.Results: The results of antioxidant activity of field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera showed maximum inhibition of 72.08% and 77.85%in DPPH (50 µg/ml) and NO (100 µg/ml) scavenging assays, respectively. Field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera showed maximumconcentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids, as active phytochemicals, determined spectrophotometrically, which were found as676.5 µg/ml, 557.5 µg/ml, and 469 µg/ml, respectively, as compared to in vitro plant extracts.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of field grown ethanolic leaf extract of W. somnifera werefound to be comparatively higher than in vitro plant extracts. Leaf extracts of W. somnifera are a potential source of antioxidants and could preventmany free radical-related diseases.Keywords: Carotenoids content, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay, Flavonoids content, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, Phenoliccontent.
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Subasri, G., and S. Ahmed John. "Screening of phytochemical compounds, trace metals and antimicrobial activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v2i1.2891.
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In the present study is phytochemicals, trace metals and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum. The phytochemical screening of the crude ethanolic root, stem and leaf extracts showed the positive results of steroids, triterpenes, reducing sugar, sugar, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, anthraquinones and amino acids. The average mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in plant sample were BDL, 0.03, 0.42, 0.79, BDL, BDL and 0.58 mg kg-1, respectively. The descending order of the metal content in the plant sample were: Zn > Fe > Cu > Cd > Cr = Ni = Pb. Among various part of plant extracts studied for antimicrobial activity, root ethanolic extract showed highest of inhibition than leaves and stem ethanolic extracts.
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Suleman, Muhammad, Abu Ul Hassan, and Faiz Fakhr I. Abbas. "Antibacterial, Antiparasitic and Phytochemical Activities of Chenopodium Album (Bathua) Plant Extract." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 50, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v50i2.54100.
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Evaluation of the antimicrobial, antiparasitic and phytochemical potential of medicinal plant Chenopodium album (Bathua) leaves extract was carried out. The plant extracts were prepared by using distilled water and methanol as an extraction solvents. Pure methanolic extract of leaves showed 15 mm against Staphylococcus auerus after 24 hrs. Aqueous extract showed no activity against S. auerus. Similarly in case of S. typhi pure methanolic leaves extract showed 13 mm. While standard discs gentamicin showed (DIZ) 18 mm after 24 hrs, different dilution inhibition zone was maximum in case of 100% pure extract, and decreased with increasing dilution. Minimum DIZ was observed at 25% and no zone at 5% dilution. Anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extract of C. album leaves were tested, all extracts showed maximum corrected mortality of 100%, aqueous extract showed better antiparasitic activity than methanolic extract. It can be a potential source of therapeutic agent. Further analysis is needed for clinical trial. Phytochemicals screening was carried out which reveals the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols and flavonoids in studied plant extract. The nutritional analysis indicated that C. album may be a rich source of carbohydrate.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 417-421, 2021 (June)
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Chintalapani, Sathvika, Swathi M. S., and Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WHOLE PLANT EXTRACTS OF SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM L." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v11i1.22558.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study are to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and determine the antioxidant capacity of the Sesuvium portulacastrum L. (S. portulacastrum).Methods: The crude bioactives were extracted from the dried powder of S. portulacastrum in an orbital shaker using ethanol, methanol, acetone, hexane, and diethyl ether solvents. Rotaevaporator was used to concentrate the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine the in vitro antioxidant capacity.Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of major classes of phytochemicals. Total phenolic content (TPC) expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ranged from 14.42 (ethanol extract) to 54.05 (diethyl ether extract) mg GAE/g dry weight. Total flavonoid content expressed as quercetin equivalents (QE) ranged from 22.03 (hexane extract) to 56.70 (methanol extract) mg QE/g dry weight. Antioxidant activity determined by different assays is highest in diethyl ether extract. A positive correlation (0.7241≤ r ≥0.8419) was found between the TPC and antioxidant activity determined by DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 scavenging assays. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation (0.722≤ r ≥0.999) between all the pairs of antioxidant assays.Conclusion: Diethyl ether extract showed the highest TPC and antioxidant potential among all the extracts of S. portulacastrum. Further research has to be done to isolate the pure bioactive compound that has high antioxidant potential.
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Chintalapani, Sathvika, Swathi M. S., and Mangamoori Lakshmi Narasu. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WHOLE PLANT EXTRACTS OF SESUVIUM PORTULACASTRUM L." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22558.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study are to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and determine the antioxidant capacity of the Sesuvium portulacastrum L. (S. portulacastrum).Methods: The crude bioactives were extracted from the dried powder of S. portulacastrum in an orbital shaker using ethanol, methanol, acetone, hexane, and diethyl ether solvents. Rotaevaporator was used to concentrate the extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine the in vitro antioxidant capacity.Results: Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of major classes of phytochemicals. Total phenolic content (TPC) expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ranged from 14.42 (ethanol extract) to 54.05 (diethyl ether extract) mg GAE/g dry weight. Total flavonoid content expressed as quercetin equivalents (QE) ranged from 22.03 (hexane extract) to 56.70 (methanol extract) mg QE/g dry weight. Antioxidant activity determined by different assays is highest in diethyl ether extract. A positive correlation (0.7241≤ r ≥0.8419) was found between the TPC and antioxidant activity determined by DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 scavenging assays. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation (0.722≤ r ≥0.999) between all the pairs of antioxidant assays.Conclusion: Diethyl ether extract showed the highest TPC and antioxidant potential among all the extracts of S. portulacastrum. Further research has to be done to isolate the pure bioactive compound that has high antioxidant potential.
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Tahir, Ramatu, John Kenneth Menshah, and Yakubu Jibira. "Anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant bioactivities of the methanolic extract of Alafia zambesiaca (stem-bark)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 3 (August 26, 2022): 891–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i3.1.
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Alafia zambesiaca is a medicinal plant used widely in Ghana for the treatment of gastric/peptic ulcers. The objective of this study was to comparatively assess the effect of the methanolic and the diethylether extracts of the plant phytochemicals on three bioactivities indicative of gastric/peptic ulcers etiology. Using standard laboratory assays involving broth dilution, carrageenan-induced foot swelling of 7-day old chicks and DPPH radical scavenging, this study compared and contrasted the antimicrobial, the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory bioactivities of the methanolic extract with that of the diethyl ether extract of the stem-bark of Alafia zambesiaca. Phytochemical analyses proffered mechanistic explanations for the differing solvent-specific extract bioactivities by reporting the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides and triterpenoids in the methanolic extract and by demonstrating that saponin is the only detectable phytochemical in the diethylether extract. The methanolic extract was comparatively the more potent anti-oxidant in vitro as demonstrated by its relatively higher anti-oxidant capacity, its comparatively higher total phenolic content and its disproportionately lower IC50’s in the DPPH and H2O2 antioxidant assays. Consistently for each of the panel of four bacterial and two fungal pathogenic microbial cell lines, the methanolic extract showed higher anti-microbial activity recording, in each case, MICs that were quantitatively lower than that of the diethylether extract. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan induced chick feet edema method indicated the methanolic extract’s evocation of a dose-dependent reduction in foot edema and the diethyl ether extract’s lack of display of measurable anti-inflammatory activity. Taken together, the more polar methanolic extract contains quantitatively more phytochemicals that have qualitatively more potent bioactivities and this observation gives credence to the use of aqueous stem-bark extracts of Alafia zambesiaca for the ethnomedicinal management of gastric ulcers. Alafia zambesiaca mediates its anti-ulcer effects in gastric mucosa possibly through polar phytochemical-triggered suppressive effects on microbial proliferation, via polar phytochemical-evoked mitigation of concurrent cellular oxidative stress and through polar phytochemical-modulation of inhibitory effects on cellular inflammatory events.
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Hossin, A., B. Chakma, and M. A. I. Raju. "Assessment of Anti-oxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Mangrove Plant, Derris trifoliata ( Leguminosae)." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejpharma.2021.1.1.4.
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The current study was conducted to verify the traditional medicinal use and to carry out the in-vitro antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts of Derris trifoliata (aerial part). The percentage yield of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts were found 2.5% w/w. Freshly prepared extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. All extracts revealed the presence of several important phytochemicals which might be responsible for its medicinal properties. In vitro Electron transfer (ET) reaction-based assays of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts have been investigated using various model systems viz., DPPH, total phenolic, tannin and flavonoid content, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power assay. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction-based assays have been conducted using Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity assay methods. Ethanol extract was found to possess highest DPPH (IC50=16.824 µg/ml), total phenolic content (44.51 GAE/g of dried plant extract), reducing power assay (0.387±0.0006), FRAF assay (IC50=133.51 µg/ml), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (IC50=144.888 µg/ml) and nitric oxide scavenging activities (IC50=152.655 µg/ml). Whereas ethyl acetate extract was found to possess the highest total tannin content (42.56 GAE/g of dried plant extract) and total flavonoid content (78.08 QE/g of dried plant extract). In vitro antioxidant study was also performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions. The highest chelation power was found for ethyl acetate extract (IC50=62.489 µg/ml). The above study suggests that Derris trifoliata may be a vital source of nutraceuticals.
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Paul, Sujata, Biswajit Dash, Aditya Jyoti Bora, and Bikash Gupta. "PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF FRUITS OF ANNONA RETICULATA AGAINST STANDARD PATHOGENIC STRAINS." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i4.28466.
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Objective: To evaluate the anti-microbial activity of ethanolic extract of fruits of Annona reticulata (family-Annonaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of fruits of Annona reticulata (family-Annonaceae) was prepared by Soxhlet extraction and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The anti-microbial activity of the plant extract was examined against bacterial strains and fungal strains using disc diffusion method.Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, anti-microbial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant Annona reticulata. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. The anti-microbial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant result against all the of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of fruits of the Annona reticulata contain high presence of phytochemicals. The ethanolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising anti-microbial activity when compared with the standards.
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Oduola, Lawal, Adeniyi Olufunso, and Ariwoola Oluwole. "Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of Quassia undulata (Guill. & Perr.) D. Dietr. leaves using different solvent polarities." Lekovite sirovine, no. 41 (2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/leksir2141012l.
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This study investigated solvent effects on the phytochemical composition of Quassia undulata leaves a medicinal plant used in treating arrays of diseases including fever and cough. The leaves were collected, washed, air-dried, pulverized and evaluated for some inherent phytochemicals using four different solvent systems based on their polarities. The solvents are methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and chloroform. The methanol extract was found to have the highest number of secondary metabolites (saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, coumarins, anthraquinones, alkaloids and phenols). None of the extracts tested positive for the presence of phlobatannins, terpenoids and emodins. The methanol extract was further analyzed quantitatively for some of the determined phytochemicals. Tannins had a concentration of 3.131 mg of catechin equivalents per 100 mg sample (mg CE/100g), alkaloids-5.200 %, total phenolics-11.828 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract (mg GAE/g), flavonoids-8.074 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of extract (mg QE/g) while 0.673 % saponins were detected. The presence of these secondary metabolites might justify the ethnomedicinal uses of Quassia undulata leaves as their bioactivity has been found to be dependent on the solvent used for extraction.
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Iftikhar Ali, Iftikhar Ali, Zulfiqar Ali Zulfiqar Ali, Alishba Alishba, Zamarrud Zamarrud, and Hidayat Hussain and Viqar Uddin Ahmad Hidayat Hussain and Viqar Uddin Ahmad. "Phytochemical Isolation and Biological Activities of Corydalis adiantifolia from Baltistan." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 3 (2019): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000758/jcsp/41.03.2019.
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The whole plant material of Corydalis adiantifolia Hook.f. andamp; Thomson was investigated for biological activities e.g. antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, anticancer and phytotoxic activities and preliminary phytochemical screening. The methanol extract and dichloromethane fraction of the plant species exhibited 5% inhibition each against the fungus Aspergillus flavus. The methanol extract and water and dichloromethane fractions exhibited non-significant antibacterial activity and they showed inhibition against Hela cell lines and insignificant insecticidal activity. To understand the bioactive profile of C. adiantifolia, phytochemical screening approach is considered effective. The samples including methanol extract and n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water fractions were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening for the presence of various phytochemicals i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, diterprenes, triterpenoids, anthraquinones, anthranol glycosides, reducing sugars and phenols. The results exhibited the efficacy of methanol extract showing the presence of more phytochemicals in comparison to the fractions of C. adiantifolia. Moreover, as a result of phytochemical isolation, 8-acetonyldihydrosanguinarine (1), β-sitosterol (2) and β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (3) were isolated, purified, and characterized by spectroscopic methods. To the best of our knowledge, all this study was carried out for the first time on C. adiantifolia.
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Saini, Amandeep Kaur, P. K. Chauhan, V. Singh, and Pankaj Sharma. "Phytochemical, Antioxidant and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Fruit Extracts of Kigelia Africana." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 1, no. 02 (June 30, 2013): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.1.2.12.
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Phytochemicals presents in plants probably explain the various uses of plants for traditional medicine. In this study Kigelia Africana fruit was selected for assessing the level of various Phytochemicals, enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidants and antimicrobial activity. Fruits of the plant taken, dried, grind to powder and then aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared. Antimicrobial activity of these extracts was then studied using agar well plate method. Results of the study showed that aqueous extract of Kigelia Africana have significant amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant enzymes so useful to prevent chronic diseases related to oxidative stress in human body. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract was more than the ethanolic extract.
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Jebamalai, Suresh Kumar, Nirmala Ramachandran, and Venkatraman Arumugam. "Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Hygrophila auriculata Schumach." International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2021.812.004.
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In the present study, the medicinal plant Hygrophila auriculata was selected and the screening of the qualitative and quantitative of phytochemicals. The phytochemical profiles were estimated through the Gas chromatography-Mass spectrophotometer, which containing twenty compounds were listed out. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the entire plant was studied against five selected bacterial and five selected fungal pathogens using well diffusion method. The results revealed that the methanolic extract of Hygrophila auriculata possessed alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and various other phytochemicals. The extract showed antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a range of 8-16 mm zone of diameter, This study gives a new route to discovery of new drug for the control of microorganisms.
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Purba, Rayudika Aprilia Patindra, and Pramote Paengkoum. "Farang (Psidium guajava L.) Dried Leaf Extracts: Phytochemical Profiles, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Hemolytic Properties for Ruminant Health and Production." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 8987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248987.
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Due to its advantageous antioxidant phytochemical components, Psidium guajava L. has become an indispensable plant in pharmaceutical formulations, playing a crucial role in safeguarding human health. On ruminant animals, however, there has been limited investigation. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the phytochemical profiles and biological potential of Farang (P. guajava L.) leaf extracts for ruminant health. Methanolic and hexanoic extracts from various agricultural areas were prepared over a five-month period. By means of HPLC-DAD, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), essential oil (eugenol), tannin (gallic acid), cinnamic acids (caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid), and flavonoids (catechin, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol) were detected and quantified. Solvent type, but not cultivation site or sampling time, explained the observed variation in phytochemical profile. Phytochemicals were found in lower concentrations in hexanoic extracts than in methanolic extracts. Catechin and sinapic acid were discovered to be the two most abundant phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of Farang leaf, followed by other phenolic compounds, essential oils, and water-soluble vitamins. Compared with the methanolic extract, the hexanoic extract of Farang leaves was less effective at scavenging oxidation in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, and superoxide, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Hexanoic extract was found to be less protective against oxidative damage in ruminant erythrocytes than methanolic extract in terms of inhibiting hemoglobin oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and hemolysis. According to the findings of this study, the leaves of Farang (P. guajava L.) are a potential source of phytochemical compounds with wellness properties for ruminant production.
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Sivaprakasam, Maneemegalai, and Narmatha M. "AN IN VITRO STUDY OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI SEED EXTRACT ON GLUCOSE UPTAKE ACTIVITY IN L-6 CELL LINES." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-A (August 30, 2019): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3419.
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Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder. The plant Syzygium cumini has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The present study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of S. cumini seeds on uptake of glucose by L-6 rat skeletal muscle cells. S. cumini seeds were extracted with varying solvents and quantitative phytochemical analysis was carried out, ethanol extract of seeds exhibited higher content of tested phytochemicals. The effect of different concentrations (300µg/ml – 1000µg/ml) of ethanol extract of seeds were studied on glucose uptake activity of L-6 rat skeletal muscle cells. It was observed that with the increase in concentration, the glucose uptake activity was also increased. The results of the study supports and demonstrates the antidiabetic potential of ethanol seed extracts of Syzygium cumini utilizing in vitro model.
KEY WORDS: Diabetes mellitus, Syzygium cumini, phytochemicals, glucose uptake, L-6 cells
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Sharma, Aditi, Mamta Devi Sharma, Anup Kumar Sinha, Puranjan Mishra, and Saurabh Kulshrestha. "Study on phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Genitiana kurroo Royle." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v4i1.247676.
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Gentiana kurroo Royle is an endangered bitter medicinal plant of the Indian subcontinent region. This medicinal plant mainly grows in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and North-west Himalayas. Native people frequently use the medicinal plant’s root and rhizome for various local remedies. The leaf and root samples of the plant were studied for their phytochemicals screening and antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The methanolic root extract as a comparison to methanolic leaf extract was detected with high concentration of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenol, glycosides whereas, other phytochemicals like carbohydrates, tannins, and terpenoids showed equal concentration in methanolic root and leaf extracts. In antibacterial study, the methanolic root extract was found to exhibit a maximum zone of inhibition (33 ± 1) against E.fecalis and minimum zone (17 ± 2) against E. coli. The methanolic leaf extract showed a maximum zone of inhibition (31 ± 1) against E. fecalis and a minimum zone (18 ± 2) against K. pneumonia. The antioxidant activity of G.kurroo revealed that the methanolic extracts of root as compared to the methanolic extract of leaves showed comparatively high antioxidant activity and this is due to the presence of high phenol and flavonoid content.
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Azalework, Henok Gulilat, Sahabjada ., Asif Jafri, Md Arshad, and Tabarak Malik. "PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION, GC-MS PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A MEDICINAL PLANT RUTA GRAVEOLENS L. FROM ETHIOPIA." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i6.16812.
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Objective: This study was designed to screen the phytochemicals present in various solvents extracts of Ruta graveolens (Rue) and furthermore to investigate their antimicrobial activity.Methods: The leaves, stems and seeds of Rue were extracted using four different solvents viz. ethanolic, methanolic, chloroform, and aqueous of varying polarity. The phytochemical screening was carried out qualitatively and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify major phytoconstituents present in the methanolic leaf extract. The antimicrobial effect of extracts was evaluated against six microbial strains namely Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Micrococcus luteus with disc diffusion method.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and carotenoid. The methanolic leaf extract showed the presence of both tannin and phenolic contents in the higher amount, whereas aqueous extract displayed in the least amount. GC-MS analysis of methanolic leaf extract revealed the presence of approximately 26 phytochemical constituents. The antimicrobial assay revealed that B. subtilis showed a high zone of inhibition (20 mm) at 200 mg/ml of methanolic extract. However, E. coli and C. tropicalis did not show any zone of inhibition against each solvent extract.Conclusion: In conclusion, secondary metabolites present in the extracts have biological activities which warrant further to evaluate in vivo pharmacological studies.
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Ezghayer, Mohammed A., and Enas J. Kadhim. "UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and Various Chromatographic Technique for Identification of Phytochemicals in Populus euphratica Oliv. Leaves Extract." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 29, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss1pp94-114.
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The aim of this study is to screen the phytochemicals found in Populus euphratica leaves since this type of trees are used traditionally by many villagers as treatment for eczema and other skin disease and also this plant is poorly investigated for their phytochemicals especially in Iraq. Phytochemical screening of the extracts obtained from the n-hexane and chloroform fraction of leaves of Populus euphratica was done by Thin-layer chromatography and various spraying reagents to test if alkaloids, sterols and other compounds are present. UPLC-electrospray ionization –tandem mass spectroscopy along with GC-MS and HPTLC are used to identify the phytochemicals present in the plant leaves.UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method 20 compounds have been identified in various fractions among which are protopine alkaloids. salicin, salicortin, tremulacin. GC-MS showed that the observed data obtained are matched with that in NIST library and confirmed the presence of Hexadecanoic acid trimethylsilyl ester in 43.80% beta-Sitosterol in 37.14% and Diisooctyl phthalate 11.46%.UPLC-ESI-MS/MS is a powerful method for the identification of compounds in mixture based on comparison of their molecular, weight retention time and MS/MS fragmentation. Protopine alkaloid is identified for the first time in Populus euphratica and genus Populus. GC-MS is a valuable method for both qualification and quantification of various phytochemicals that are volatile in nature
Keywords: Populus euphratica, GC-MS, phytochemical, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS
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Borah, Uttam, Biswajit Dash, Suvakanta Dash, and Lawrence Kalita. "PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHOLE AERIAL PART OF THE HERB LEUCAS PLUKENETII SPRENG (FAMILY-LAMINACEAE)." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017.v9i3.19598.
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Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Leucas Plukenetii Spreng (family-laminaceae) in conjugation with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the herb Leucas Plukenetiispreng (family-laminaceae) was prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was examined against 2 bacterial strains among one is gram positive and other is gram negative and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method.Results: The present investigation shows the phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant Leucas Plukenetii Spreng. Various phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, Steroids, proteins and amino acids and tannins. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed significant result against all the of the test organisms.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of whole aerial parts of the Leucas Plukenetii Spreng contains the high presence of phytochemicals. The ethnaolic extract of the plant was found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards.
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S. Pai, K. Usha, Yadav D. Bodke, Suman Manandhar, and K. Sreedhara Ranganath Pai. "in silico-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Analysis of Phytochemicals obtained from Methanolic Extract of Cleome viscosa Linn. by GC-MS Method for its Anticancer Activity." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 12 (2021): 2943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23384.
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Cleome viscosa belonging to the family Capparidaceae, is a weed with ethano-botanical value found in India. In the present investigation, methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the important phytochemical constituents. The GC-MS analysis of methanol from whole plant of Cleome viscosa detected the presence of 78 phytochemical compounds. Quantitative phytochemical evaluation of the methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa was performed. These identified compounds were analyzed for their anticancer activity through in silico molecular docking studies. Computation based in silico docking studies were done using maestro interface. Three protein, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human papilloma virus (HPV) specific to different cancers were selected for screening of these phytochemicals. Phytomolecules with better activity and binding were shortlisted after XP mode of docking. The dock score, glide energy and 2D binding interactions of the top five phytochemicals with three selected proteins have been discussed. The identified hit could be a potent inhibitor these proteins that further requires experimental validation.
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Chakraborty, Soumallya, Somenath Bhattacharya, Rohan Pal, Sanjit Mandal, Sourav Biswas, Chiranjit Mandal, Dr Amitava Roy, and Dr Arin Bhattacharjee. "A Comparative Study on Antimicrobial Activity of Vigna unguiculata And Cynodon dactylon." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1900–1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46541.
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Abstract: Extract from different parts of medicinal plant contains lots of phytochemicals and helps to cure different types of diseases. Vigna unguiculata and Cynodon dactylon both are annual herbs and found all over the country. Both annual herbs are numerous used in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha medicines. Vigna unguiculata is a leguminous plant and contain various phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, Amino acid, phenols, and phytic acid. Vigna unguiculata extract have been reported to cure different type of diseases like anthelmintic activity, antibacterial activity, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic activity, antiviral and antifungal activity, antioxidant activity ,hypocholesteerolemic activity and hypolipidemic activites. Extracts from different parts of Cynodon dactylon are widely used to prevent different kinds of diseases like antiviral and antimicrobial activity, against snake bites, gout and rheumatic affection, anthelmintic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, reduce burning sensation, hyperdipsia, haematuria, leprosy, bronchitis, piles, asthma, enlargement of the spleen, tumors, dysentery, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, vomiting etc due to the lot of phytochemical likes flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, resins, tannins, reducing sugar, phytosterols, proteins, carbohydrates, volatile oil and fixed oils presents in the plant.
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Devi, Ashwanti, Avineet Kaur, Arun Rahar, Mamta Malik, Vanshika Garg, Vivek Singh Dahiya, Indu Sharma, and Raj Singh. "Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of stem, leaves and aerial roots of Epipremnum aureum: An indoor air pollution removing plant." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 04 (2022): 1754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i04.012.
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Epipremnum aureum belonging to the family Araceae is commonly known as money plant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of various phytochemical constituents which is responsible for the medicinal properties in aerial parts of the plant. The aerial parts such as leaves, stem and aerial roots were used and successively extracted in three different solvents viz. methanol, ethanol and acetone. The crude extracts of the aerial parts in three solvents were also used for determining antimicrobial activity. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical test for different extract shows the presence of alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrate, glycosides, amino acids and phenol. Among the three extracts methanol extract shows presence of all phytochemicals and shows antimicrobial activity against E.coli, S.aureus, B. subtilis and P.aeurginosa. Ethanol and acetone extract of aerial roots shows 12-13 mm zone of inhibition for E.coli. Thus the positive results suggest that Epipremnum aureum extracts should be further studied to determine the bioactive chemical compounds as well as to understand the possible mechanism of action and evaluate their toxicity looking towards pharmaceutical actions.
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Sanusi, S. B., S. M. Lawal, A. Usman, F. M. Musa, and B. Ardo. "Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum against bacteria causing gastrointestinal tract infections in humans." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8, no. 1b (May 6, 2022): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v8i1b.10.
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Detarium microcarpum is used by different ethnic groups for treatment of various diseases in Nigeria and several parts of West African. The phytochemical constituents of the stembark extract of D.microcarpum were analyzed using qualitative methods. The antibacterial activity of the stembark extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were tested using the agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical investigation revealed that presence of tannins, saponin, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and terpenoids. The plant extracts exhibited anti bacterial potential against the tested organisms at different concentrations 100 mg/mL , 50mg/mL 25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL )), with S. aureus having the highest zone of inhibition of 21 mm at 100 mg/mL with ethanolic extract. Therefore, this study suggests that D. microcarpum stembark has phytochemical constituents. The antibacterial activity exhibited by the extracts could be as a result of the phytochemicals presents.