Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Plant-based phytochemicals and extract'
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HEJNA, MONIKA. "PLANT-BASED STRATEGIES TO CONTROL THE ZINC AND THE COPPER OUTPUT FROM SWINE LIVESTOCK." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/821594.
Full textMbandezi, Yamkela. "Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of gold nanoparticles naturally synthesised from South African indigenous medicinal plant extracts." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6786.
Full textNanotechnology has emerged as a promising field in the quest to address health conditions. Green nanotechnology is a fairly new branch of nanotechnology, which aims to produce and utilize nanomaterials in a way that is safe for living organisms and their environment. Plant extracts are increasingly used in the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which involves the reduction of sodium tetrachloroaurate (III) dehydrate by phytochemicals present in the plant extract. It is probable that the green synthesised AuNPs are more biocompatible than chemically synthesised AuNPs as biomolecules of plant origin are involved in the synthesis process. Therefore, this study aimed to explore various water extracts from indigenous South African plants, which included Perlagonium capitatum, Otholobium bracteolatum, Gerbera linnae, Morrella quercifolia, Searsia lucida, Phylica bubescens, Euclea racemosa, Tetragonia fruticosa, and Searsia glauca for their potential to synthesize AuNPs and to investigate their toxicity towards several microorganisms known to cause skin infections. These organisms play a significant role in delaying the healing of wounds. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles are increasing exploited in the production of wound treatments.
Champagne, Donald Edmond. "Insect antifeedant and growth regulating activity of phytochemicals and extracts from the plant family Meliaceae." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29069.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Kumar, Suresh. "In vitro effects of medicinal plant extracts and phytochemicals on factors implicated in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577147.
Full textHelal, Racha [Verfasser]. "Biopharmaceutical investigations of the effects of immune-modulatory plant extracts and phytochemicals on lysozyme expression in human cells / Racha Helal." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025490010/34.
Full textHarris, Taahir. "Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean) from Mpumalanga province of South Africa: phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of seeds and product extracts." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2789.
Full textBambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) an indigenous legume cultivated in Sub-Saharan Africa has been proclaimed to have medicinal properties from communities and in rural areas. However, there is not enough scientific information to validate these claims. Therefore, this study aimed to identify possible medicinal properties of Bambara groundnut (BGN), by analysing the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of BGN seed and product extracts from Mpumalanga province within South Africa. The BGN extracts (70% methanol, 70% ethanol, milli-Q water) from seeds and products (milk and yoghurt) were screened for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, riboflavin and thiamine using analytical laboratory methods for basic screening, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for quantification. The antimicrobial activity involved direct bioautography and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606T, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 33591 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433. For the seed extracts, flavonoids and phenols were highly concentrated in the red and brown hulls of BGN compared to whole and dehulled BGN. Organic solvents in comparison to water yielded the highest concentration of flavonoids, whilst water yielded the highest concentration for phenols. Flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (24.458 ± 0.234 mg.g-1, brown hull extracted with 70% methanol), quercetin (0.070 ± 0.043 mg.g-1, red hull extracted with 70% methanol), kaempferol (0.391 ± 0.161 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with 70% ethanol) and myricetin (1.800 ± 0.771 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with 70% methanol). For phenol compounds, gallic acid (0.009 ± 0.004 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), catechin (0.026 ± 0.041 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water), methyl gallate (0.008 ± 0.013 mg.g-1; brown whole extracted with milli-Q water), chlorogenic acid (0.115 ± 0.199 mg.g-1; brown hull extracted with milli-Q water) and ellagic acid (0.105 ± 0.082 mg.g-1; red hull extracted with milli-Q water) were detected. Vitamins B1 and B2 (riboflavin and thiamine) were mostly present in milli-Q water extracts. Black-eye hull had the highest concentration of thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) consisting of 0.072 mg.g-1 (extracted with milli-Q water) and 0.002 mg.g-1 (extracted with 70% ethanol and 70% methanol). Red and brown hull extracts from organic solvents (70% ethanol and 70% methanol) showed the highest antimicrobial activity, whereas the whole, dehulled and hulls (black-eye and brown-eye) extracts had no antimicrobial activity. As for BGN products extracts, flavonoid compounds that were detected at the highest concentrations were rutin (5.694 mg.g-1, whole BGN milk, milli-Q water), quercetin (0.703 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, milli-Q water) and myricetin (0.987 mg.g-1, whole BGN yoghurt, 70% ethanol).
Staffa, Pumla. "Anti-tick activities of extracts of Tulbaghia violacea (Alliaceae) cultivated in hydroponic media amended with entomopathogenic fungi (Hypocreales)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2830.
Full textTicks and tick-borne diseases are important limiting factors to the attainment of sustainable animal and human health, affecting livelihood of resource poor farming communities in developing countries. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum (Ixodidae) are among the most troubling tick species in Africa. While ticks can be controlled by applying chemical acaricides, these chemicals are quite expensive, especially, for small-scale famers in developing countries. Hence, the quest for alternative tick control over the years have revealed that entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and plant extracts have huge prospects as sustainable alternatives for tick control. Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) is a fungal entomopathogen with the ability to colonize plants endophytically and induce secondary metabolite production in plants, and it has been found to be a potential biological control agent against a wide range of arthropods. Several plant species including plant species belonging to the family Alliaceae possess anti-tick activities (repellent and toxic); therefore, integrating the two strategies by inoculating Tulbaghia violacea with B. bassiana could enhance secondary metabolite contents in extracts obtained from the plant and increase medicinal materials. The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of indigenous endophytic entomopathogens inoculation of T. violacea on the plant growth, tissue nutrient contents and secondary metabolites, and anti-tick activities of extracts of T. violacea. The specific objectives were: (i) to carry out a study on the effects of inoculating T. violacea with fungal strains of B. bassiana and Clonostachys rosea on plant growth and tissue nutrient contents in extracts of T. violacea with the view of selecting one of the two fungi for further investigation (ii) to compare secondary metabolite profiles of extracts obtained from plants exposed to fungus (EPF) inoculum and control treatment during cultivation, and (iii) to determine whether exposure of T. violacea to an endophytic fungus (B. bassiana) during cultivation affects the repellent and acaricidal activities of extracts of T. violacea on A. variegatum and R. appendiculatus. The study had two experiments, presented in chapters two and three. In the first experiment, eight weeks old potted seedlings of T. violacea were inoculated separately with B. bassiana (strain SM3) and C. rosea (strain SM8) conidia suspended at concentrations of 1 x 106 conidia mL-1. Plant growth parameters, such as number of leaves, plant height (aerial part), fresh weights of aerial parts, and tissue nutrient contents were assessed. Results indicated that B. bassiana induced higher growth of plants than C. rosea. Inoculation with B. bassiana did not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) influence most of the growth parameters, number of leaves, fresht weight of roots and of fresh weight aerial parts (leaves) of T. violacea assessed in the current study. However, mean plant heights and root lengths were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in favour of B. bassiana treated plants compared to those in C. rosea. Fe contents in the roots (1416.3 ± 305.10 mg/kg) were found to be positively influenced (P < 0.05) by the fungal inoculation. There was a significant difference in roots (P < 0.05) on the uptake of Mn in C. rosea treated plants (243 ± 19 mg/kg) compared to the control group (169 ± 16.37 mg/kg) and B. bassiana treated roots (161.3 ± 14.44 mg/kg). Macro nutrients up take did not differ significantly among treatments on both leaves and roots (P > 0.05).
Vicente, David Gil Marques Borrero. "An overview of the role of cytochrome P450 enzyme system in food-drug interactions and possible applications in veterinary medicine." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1003.
Full textCytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) are hemoproteins belonging to the group of monooxygenases and one of the main enzymatic systems responsible for drug metabolism. In the present study, in vitro approach was applied to evaluate the relation of CYP-catalyzed activities between human, rabbit, minipig and mouse, using single substrate assays (MultiCYP 7-ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase (ECOD), CYP1A1/2 7-ethoxyresorufin 0- deethylase (EROD), CYP2A6 coumarin 7-hydroxylase (COH), CYP3A4 midazolam 1- hydroxylase (OH-MDZ), and CYP2E1 chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylase (OH-CLZ)). It was also studied plant extracts (Pinus sylvestris, Angelica archangelica, Mentha sp., Citrus grandis) and phytochemicals (8-Hydroxybergapten, 5,6-dihydroxyangelicin, α, β-Thujone, α-Thujone, angelicin, bergamottin, bergapten, bergaptol, cnidilin, imperatorin, isobergapten, isopimpinellin, lanatin, phellopterin, psoralen, sphondin, xanthotoxin) as potential inhibitors in CYP-related activities of hepatic human microsomes (CYP1A1/2 (EROD), CYP2A6 (COH), CYP3A4 (OH-MDZ)). This study showed that the lowest ECOD activity was detected in humans and there was no similarity between other species. CYP1A1/2 showed equivalent activities. The highest CYP activities in humans were found for CYP2A6 and CYP3A4. In CYP2E1 activity, two similar groups were recognized: human and mouse versus rabbit and minipig. EROD reaction was the most inhibited CYP-mediated reaction. COH reaction was inhibited by few compounds. The highest inhibition was detected among angular furocoumarins. Linear furocoumarins group had the lower inhibitory concentration of CYP3A4. Thujone showed weak inhibition of CYP activities.
RESUMO - As enzimas do sistema citocromo P450 (CYP) são hemoproteinas pertencentes ao grupo das monoxigenases e um dos principais sistemas enzimáticos responsáveis pela metabolização de fármacos. Neste estudo foi avaliada a relação da actividade catalítica de diferentes CYPs entre humanos, coelhos, minipig e murganhos, recorrendo a substratos como sondas individuais in vitro para mensurar reacções especificas (MultiCYP 7-etoxicumarina 0-deetilase (ECOD), CYP1A1/2 7-etoxiresorufina 0-deetilase (EROD), CYP2A6 cumarina 7-hidroxilase (COH), CYP3A4 midazolam 1-hidroxilase (OH-MDZ), e CYP2E1 clorozoxazona 6-hidroxilase (OH-CLZ)). Também foram estudados extractos de plantas (Pinus sylvestris, Angelica archangelica, Mentha sp., Citrus grandis) e fitoquímicos (8-hidroxibergaptem, 5,6-dihidroxiangelicina, α, β-tujona, α-tujona, angelicina, bergamottin, bergapteno, bergaptol, cnidilina, imperatorina, isobergapteno, isopimpinelina, lanatin, felopterina, psoraleno, sphondin, xantotoxina) como potenciais inibidores da actividade catalítica dos CYPs microssomais hepáticos humanos (CYP1A1/2 (EROD), CYP2A6 (COH), CYP3A4 (OH-MDZ)). Neste estudo não foram detectadas actividades similires entre espécies na reacção ECOD e a actividade mais baixa foi detectada nos humanos. A reacção EROD dos CYP1A1/2 demonstrou actividades similares entre as diferentes espécies. As maiores actividades cataliticas verificadas nos humanos correspondem aos CYP2A6 e CYP3A4. No estudo da reacção do CYP2E1 foram determinados dois grupos distintos com actividades cataliticas similares: 1) humanos e murganhos, 2) coelhos e minipigs. No estudo de potenciais inibidores dos CYPs, a reacção EROD foi a mais inibida. Pelo contrário, a reacção COH foi inibida por poucos compostos. A maioria das inibições ocorreu por exposição a furocumarinas angulares. O grupo de furocumarinas lineares teve a menor concentração inibitória da reacção OH-MDZ do CYP3A4. Os fitoquímicos α, β-tujona e α- tujona demonstraram ter um fraco poder inibitório na actividade dos CYPs analisados.
Marques, Milene Bueno. "Triagem fitoquímica e avaliação da sensibilidade antimicrobiana e da genotoxicidade de Sedum praealtum DC. (Bálsamo)." Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano, 2015. http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/102.
Full textSedum praealtum DC. (Crassulaceae) is one of 350 species pharmacologically active from the genus Sedum, whose actions in treatment of eyes (pain and swelling) and ulcer, inflammatory problems, as contraception and anti-fertilization, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory have been reported. The objective was to evaluate the hydroethanolic extract of S. praealtum regarding their potential antimicrobial in vitro (some bacteria, yeasts and micobactéria strains), cytotoxic in vitro and genotoxic in vivo. A fast phytochemical screening of this extract was also performed. The antimicrobial activities were carried out by microdilution in broth and agar diffusion methods (CLSI). The genotoxic effects and systemic toxic and cytotoxicity were evaluated by micronucleus assay in mice bone marrow and cell cultures of Aedes albopictus, respectively. The selectivity index was also established (SI = CI50/MIC). Dosages of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were done by colorimetric and precipitation techniques. A high amount of phenolic compounds were identified in S. praealtum root. The S. praealtum leaves showed broad spectrum of action and variables MICs: Gram-negative bacteria (E. aerogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens and S. typhimurium), gram-positive (B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, M. luteus and S. aureus) and yeast (S. cerevisiae). The stem and root were restricted to gram-positive bacteria and S. cerevisiae, other than E. coli (stem) and P. mirabilis (root) microbicidal action microorganism- and anatomical part-dependent (leaf, stem or root). S. praealtum showed no inhibition against C. albicans, M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. The root showed acceptable SI (SI 1) for P. mirabilis; B. subtilis; B. cereus; M. luteus; E. faecalis; S. aureus and S. cerevisiae, whereas the sheet only for S. cerevisiae. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. praealtum leaves revealed no genotoxic effects (no clastogeny and/or aneugeny) and toxicity in bone marrow of mice, dose (0.5-2 g.Kg-1) and time-independent (24-48 hours), but sex-dependent (male and female). This was the first scientific study of this nature involving S. praealtum and partially the results provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive development and utilization of plant resources. However, advanced phytochemical characterization together with the various pharmacological and pharmacogenomic studies should be conducted in order to characterize their effects and, importantly, for the establishment of limits for human consumption, the delineation of potential risks to human health, and for rational strategies for implementing chemo-preventive measures.
Sedum praealtum DC. (Crassulaceae) é uma das 350 espécies farmacologicamente ativas do gênero Sedum, cujas ações no tratamento dos olhos (dores e inchaços) e úlcera, de problemas inflamatórios, como contraceptivo e antifertilização, antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória foram relatadas. O objetivo foi avaliar o extrato hidroetanólico de S. praealtum quanto aos seus prováveis potenciais antimicrobiano in vitro de algumas cepas de bactérias, de leveduras e de micobactérias, citotóxico in vitro e genotóxico in vivo. Uma rápida triagem fitoquímica desse extrato também foi realizada. As atividades antimicrobianas foram realizadas empregando-se os métodos de microdiluição em caldo e em difusão em agar (CLSI). Os efeitos genotóxicos e tóxicos sistêmicos e a citotoxicidade foram avaliados pelo ensaio do micronúcleo na medula óssea de camundongos e pelas culturas celulares de Aedes albopictus, respectivamente. O índice de seletividade também foi estabelecido (IS = CI50/CIM). Dosagens de flavonoides e compostos fenólicos foram feitas usando técnicas colorimétricas e de precipitação. Uma elevada quantia de compostos fenólicos foi identificada na raiz de S. praealtum. As folhas de S. praealtum mostraram ação de amplo espectro e CIM variáveis: bactérias gram-negativas (E. aerogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens e S. typhimurium), gram-positivas (B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. faecalis, M. luteus e S. aureus) e levedura (S. cerevisiae). O caule e a raiz foram restritos às bactérias gram-positivas e S. cerevisiae, exceto E. coli (caule) e P. mirabilis (raiz) ação microbicida micro-organismo-dependente e parte anatômica-dependente (folha, caule ou raiz). S. praealtum não apresentou ação contra C. albicans, M. tuberculosis e M. bovis. A raiz mostrou IS aceitável (IS 1) para P. mirabilis; B. subtilis; B. cereus; M. luteus; E. faecalis; S. aureus e S. cerevisae, enquanto que a folha apenas para S. cerevisae. O extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de S. praealtum revelou efeitos não genotóxicos (ausência de clastogenia e/ou aneugênia) e efeitos tóxicos na medula óssea de camundongos, dose- (0,5-2 g.Kg-1) e tempo-independente (24-48h), porém sexo-dependente (macho e fêmea). Este foi o primeiro estudo científico dessa natureza envolvendo S. praealtum e, parcialmente, os resultados fornecem uma base para a utilização e para o desenvolvimento compreensivo de recursos vegetais. Todavia, a caracterização fitoquímica avançada aliada aos diversos estudos farmacológicos e farmacogenômicos deveriam ser conduzidos a fim de caracterizar os seus efeitos e, mais importante, estabelecer limites para o consumo popular, delinear os riscos potenciais à saúde humana, e implementar estratégias racionais e medidas quimio-preventivas.
Maciel, Mônica Jachetti. "Atividade antibacteriana de antibióticos, de desinfetantes e de extrações vegetais sobre Salmonella padrão e Salmonelas isoladas em produtos de origem animal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131252.
Full textThe genus Salmonella constitutes a problem for animal and human health. In order to prevent the transmission of this organism and the interruption of the disease caused by them, you should use disinfectants and antibiotics. Continued exposure to these agents can result in the emergence of microbial resistance. In view of this phenomenon, the search for new antimicrobials from plant extracts is necessary, because there is a possibility to find effective substances against the resistance of microorganisms already disseminated in the environment. The objectives of this study were: to monitor the resistance of 134 samples of Salmonella isolated in products of animal origin in front of antibiotics commonly used in veterinary routine; test the activity of disinfectants against the salmonellas resistant; test the hypothesis of cross-resistance between antibiotics and disinfectants; evaluate the bactericidal activity of extracts of medicinal plants native to the Rio Grande do Sul on Salmonella standard; evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic macerate to Achyrocline satureioides to Salmonella resistant; do the hydroalcoholic macerate phytochemical prospecting and to Achyrocline satureioides vegetable water, antibiotic sensitivity testing in front of 134 samples of Salmonella spp. isolated in products of animal origin. Fifty-one (51) Salmonella were resistant to at least one antibiotic. After, we used the suspension test of quantitative evaluation of bactericidal activity of disinfectants. Have been tested the disinfectants cetyl trimetilamônio chloride (quaternary ammonia), chlorhexidine digluconate (chlorhexidine), sodium hypochlorite, iodophor in four concentrations Salmonella resistant front, 5 times, 15 and 60 minutes, population density 107 CFU/ mL. The iodophor and sodium hypochlorite inactivated isolates in most experiments. However, cetyl trimetilamônio chloride (quaternary ammonia) and chlorhexidine digluconate (chlorhexidine) even in the largest concentrations of disinfectant, there were resistant microorganisms. One can notice that there were no concurrent relationships of resistance between antibiotics and disinfectants, taking into account all the variables tested. In the initial screening of antibacterial activity of medicinal plants, the proportion of 10 g of plant for 100 mL of liquid Extractor, in 8 and 12:00 hour, population density of Salmonella Choleraesuis (ATCC 10,708) 107, 106 and 105 CFU/ mL decoction and hydroalcoholic maceration and the plants Achyrocline satureioides, Bidens pilosa, Conyza bonariensis, Jacaranda micrantha, Myrciaria cuspidata and Smilax cognate. A. satureioides hydroalcoholic macerate as presented 8 and 12 hour in inactivation, showing greater logarithmic reduction. A. satureioides in hydroalcoholic macerate has been tested in front of Salmonella resistant 51. It was observed that the longer the time of contact, the smallest population densities, higher number of inactivation. The antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic macerate of A. satureioides suggests its use as an antiseptic ingredient in ointments for human or animal use, or be employed in the immersion of utensils and removable parts of machinery of food industries, refrigerators, aiming to promote the disinfection of these inputs. The phytochemical held prospecting with the vegetable water and hydroalcoholic macerate of A. satureioides detected the presence of phenolic compounds, hydrolysable and condensed tannins, flavonols and saponins. The vegetable water of A. satureioides, unlike the hydroalcoholic macerate, hydrolysable tannins and failed to provide saponins.
Nobaza, Kwindla Handy. "Extraction of Atropine and Scopolamine from Datura ferox and Datura stramonium.L and sample clean-up using molecularly imprinted polymers." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12097.
Full textThe extraction of the atropine and scopolamine alkaloids from both Datura ferox and Datura stramonium was carried out in this study to investigate potential of these plants as a source of these alkaloids. Tropane alkaloids such as atropine occur naturally in many members of several plant families, especially the Solanaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Proteaceae and Convolvulaceae families. Hyoscyamine or its racemic mixture atropine is used as an antidote to organophosphate insecticides, or as a nerve agent to dilate the pupil for retina examinations. Scopolamine or hyoscine is used to treat motion sickness, among other uses. Tropane alkaloids are often difficult to synthesise, and their extraction from commercial sources is therefore of some commercial interest. A systematic study was carried by comparing different extraction methods for the efficiencies of tropane alkaloid (TA) extraction at ambient pressure. The two plants selected are already widely spread as weeds in many regions in South Africa and are therefore well adapted to the local conditions. Among the extraction methods, TA’s were extracted in their acidic form using dilute aqueous acids with 5% sulfuric acid giving the highest yield of both atropine and scopolamine. Alternatively, the TA’s were extracted in their basic form from the plant material using basified organic solvents. The overall yields obtained were not significantly different from those obtained by using dilute aqueous acids, with D. ferox giving approximately 0.24 % and 0.0028 % scopolamine and atropine, respectively. D. stramonium on the other hand gave approximately 0.037 % and 0.002% atropine and scopolamine, respectively. Different plant parts were also tested in order to determine if there was an advantage in extracting the tropane alkaloids at a particular time in the growth, but concluded that the best option was to extract the seeds for various reasons such as the presence of relatively less chlorophyll...
Ndou, Nzumbululo. "Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and mutagenic properties of Coccinia rehmanni And Jatropha zeyheri Plant Extracts." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1312.
Full textDepartment of Microbiology
Background: The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action in the human body. The secondary metabolites help the plants to survive hash conditions and could be used by humans as supplements of their health, as foods additives or for medicinal purposes. This bioactive compounds are not always beneficial to human beings, and some of this plants bioactive compounds can be toxic or genotoxic to human cells. This study used several methods to evaluate of phytochemical constituents and mutagenic properties of Coccinia rehmanni and Jatropha zeyheri plant extracts. Methodology: Methanol was used for extraction of the bioactive compounds from the two selected plants, filtered with Whatman filter paper and evaporated with rotary evaporator. The extracts were fractionated using open column chromatography. Chemical and TLC methods were used to determine phytochemicals of the study plants extracts and fractions. The plants extracts and fractions were tested against Vero cell lines in order to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the plants. NucRed and LTR Hoechst 33342 dyes were used for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity respectively. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity Quantification of live and dead cells for the screening assay was performed using the ImageXpress Micro XLS Widefield Microscope and acquired images analyses using the MetaXpress software and Multi-Wavelength Cell Scoring Application Module. Antimutagenicity of plants extracts was observed using PARP universal colorimetric assay kit. Acquired data was transferred to an EXCEL spreadsheet and data was analyzed. Results and discussion: C. rehmanni (12.03%) yielded more extract than J. Zeyheri (8.20%). the two plants had different compound composition and were in different stages of maturity. The study revealed the domination of Terpenoids, Cardiac glycosides, Phenolic and tannis. With an exception of two fraction fractions all the fractions was found to be toxic to an extent were genotoxicity of such fraction could not be concluded. The reason for such extreme toxicity could be due to the influence of the retained alcohol during rotary evaporation. xvi | P a g e Conclusion: this study provides and add to existing knowledge on the phytochemicals mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of C. rehmanni and J. Zeyheri medicinal plants. The study serves as scientific proof that extensive use of this plant in traditional medicine for treatment of various ailments may lead to some irreversible damages.
NRF
Castro, Vera Patrícia Ribeiro de. "Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant properties and neuroprotective effect of plant extracts from Caatinga biome (Brazil)." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/5551.
Full textAs doenças neurodegenerativas têm sido um foco da ciência com o objetivo de desenvolver novas estratégias neuroprotetoras capazes de prevenir a morte neuronal associada a estas patologias. A identificação de plantas medicinais tem sido alvo de vários investigadores com a finalidade de encontrar novas fontes de compostos com propriedades farmacológicas. O Brasil, nomeadamente o bioma Caatinga, é rico em plantas medicinais sendo estas utilizadas pelos habitantes locais na medicina tradicional. Tendo isto em conta, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1) caracterizar o perfil fitoquímico e conteúdo em compostos fenólicos, de extratos provenientes de plantas presentes neste bioma; 2) avaliar as propriedades antioxidantes in vitro destes extratos; 3) explorar o potencial antioxidante e neuroprotetor destes extratos em modelo celular. Os extratos das folhas das plantas selecionadas para este estudo mostraram (HPLC-DAD) elevados níveis de compostos fenólicos, nomeadamente ácido gálico, caempferol, quercetina e seus derivados, catequinas entre outros. Extratos provenientes de Sp 3 (Caesalpinia ferrea), 4 (Anadenanthera peregrina), 6 (Mimosa tenuiflora) e 9 (Schinopsis brasiliensis) revelaram o maior conteúdo em compostos fenólicos. Tendo em conta os EC50 obtidos para todos os ensaios, os extratos provenientes de Sp 3 e 9 mostraram a maior capacidade scavenging de DPPH; 4 e 18 (Cleome spinosa) mostraram a maior capacidade quelante de ferro; 4, 6 e 14 (Capparis flexuosa) revelaram a maior capacidade de inibição de produção de NO; e 6 e 3 mostraram a melhor capacidade scavenging de superóxido. Portanto, Sp 3, 4, 6, 9, 14 e 18 parecem ser os mais promissores. Assim, observou-se que as propriedades antioxidantes demonstradas por estes extratos poderão estar relacionadas com o seu conteúdo em compostos fenólicos. Revelou-se importante estudar as propriedades neuroprotetras destes extratos usando o modelo neuronal U251, exposto ao agente oxidante t-BHP, de modo a induzir stress oxidativo nestas células. Os resultados revelaram que os extratos que se mostraram ser mais promissores nos ensaios anteriores, nomeadamente no conteúdo em compostos fenólicos e potencial antioxidante demonstrado, Sp 3, 4, 6 e 9, induziram maior protecção nas células, em condições de stress oxidativo. Estes resultados sugerem assim que, provavelmente, o elevado conteúdo em compostos fenólicos poderá induzir, por algum mecanismo, a proteção celular. O passo seguinte consistiu em avaliar quais as condições de incubação que poderiam potenciar o efeito neuroprotetor dos extratos. Os resultados mostraram que, para a maioria dos extratos, nomeadamente, Sp 3, 4 e 6, a pré-incubação destes (em que o extrato atua sozinho) seguido da co-incubação do agente oxidante t-BHP, potencia o efeito neuroprotetor, o que sugere uma ação profilática, isto é, o extrato atua como medida preventiva contra o dano. Portanto, a proteção celular é aumentada quando fornecemos às células os compostos bioativos, que provavelmente induzem o aumento de defesas nas células, antes do dano oxidativo ocorrer. Assim, os nossos estudos suportam a ideia de que as plantas do bioma Caatinga têm diversas potencialidades podendo assim ser usadas como fonte de compostos com propriedades farmacológicas, sendo que os extratos estudados parecem possuir propriedades antioxidantes e neuroprotetoras contra processos neurodegenerativos associados a stress oxidativo.
Neurodegenerative diseases have been a focus of science with the aim of developing new neuroprotective strategies capable of preventing neuronal death associated with these pathologies. The identification of medicinal plants has been the target of various researchers in order to find new sources of compounds with pharmacological properties. Brazil, namely Caatinga biome, is rich in medicinal plants and these are used by locals in traditional medicine. Concerning this, the objectives of this study were: 1) characterize the phytochemical profile and content in phenolic compounds, from plant extracts present in this biome; 2) evaluate the in vitro antioxidant properties of these extracts; 3) explore the antioxidant and neuroprotective potential of these extracts on cellular model. The plant leaves extracts selected for this study showed (HPLC-DAD) high levels of phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, kaempferol, quercetin and derivatives, catechins and others. Extracts from Sp 3 (Caesalpinia ferrea), 4 (Anadenanthera peregrina), 6 (Mimosa tenuiflora) and 9 (Schinopsis brasiliensis) revealed the highest content in phenolic compounds. Given the EC50 obtained for all asays, extracts from Sp 3 and 9 showed the greatest ability to DPPH scavenging; 4 and 18 (Cleome spinosa) showed the greatest ability to chelate iron; 4, 6 and 14 (Capparis flexuosa) showed the greatest capacity of inhibiting NO production; and 6 and 3 showed better superoxide scavenging capacity. So, Sp 3, 4, 6, 9, 14 and 18 seems to be the most promising. It was found that the antioxidant properties shown by these extracts may be related to its content in phenolic compounds. It has important to access the neuropropertive properties of these extracts using a neuronal model U251 exposed to the oxidant t-BHP, to induce oxidative stress in these cells. The results revealed that the extracts that proved to be most promising in previous studies, including the content of phenolics and antioxidant activity demonstrated, namely Sp 3, 4, 6 and 9, induced protection in conditions of oxidative stress. These results suggest that, probably, the high content of phenolic compounds may induce, by some mechanism, cell protection. The next step was to evaluate which incubation conditions could potentiate the neuroprotective effect of the extracts. The results showed that for the most of the extracts, namely, Sp 3, 4 and 6, the pre-incubation of these (where the extract acts alone) followed by co-incubation of t-BHP, oxidizing agent, enhances the neuroprotective effect, suggesting a prophylactic action, i.e., the extract serves as a preventative measure against damage. Therefore, the cell protection is increased when we provide the bioactive compounds to the cells, which probably induce increased the cell defenses, before oxidative damage occurs. Thus, our studies support the idea that Caatinga biome plants have several different potentialities that can be used as a source of compounds with pharmacological properties, and these extracts seems to possess antioxidant and neuroprotective properties against neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Thorburn, Anzelle. "Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Piper capensis L.f." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25752.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Pharmacology
unrestricted
Tau, Endy. "The effect of drying and storage on the quality of cosmeceutical species Leucosidea Sericea and Greyia Flanaganii." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25967.
Full textCollege of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Agriculture)
Erasmus, Lourens Johannes Christoffel. "Impact of various boiling intervals on the antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical profile of selected crude aqueous plant extracts, used by Bapedi Traditional Healers in the treatment of sexually transmitted infections." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1370.
Full text"Effect of phytochemicals on estrogen biosynthesis in human breast cancer and placental cells." Thesis, 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074044.
Full textBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women. Estrogen plays an important role in breast cancer initiation and development. The majority of breast tumors are initially dependent upon estrogen to support their growth. Most breast cancers occur in the postmenopausal period. However, the intra-tumoral estradiol (E2) is maintained at a high level equivalent to the pre-menopausal status. High intra-tumoral E2 level in postmenopausal women is sustained by the biosynthesis of estrogens in the tumorous tissue.
Genistein and Biochanin A, ranged from 0.1 to 10 muM, might act as estrogen agonist and induced aromatase activity and promoter I.1 transactivation in ERalpha-transfected SK-BR-3 cells. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
The aromatase enzyme, CYP19, belongs to a family of P450 enzyme. As a final rate-limiting step in estrogen biosynthesis, it catalyzes the conversion of C 19 steroids to estrogens. The expression of CYP19 is tissue-specific, and is regulated by alternate promoter usage. The use of aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer treatment has become a major therapeutic approach.
The consumption of some phytochemicals protects against breast cancer. Yet the mechanisms are far from clear. In my present study, various phytochemicals, including phytoestrogens, monoterpenes and carotenoids, were evaluated for their effect on aromatase.
Wang Yun.
"July 2005."
Adviser: Lai-Kwok Leung.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3716.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-169).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.
Salvi, Linda. "Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on Vitis vinifera: Consequences on plant physiology, berry secondary metabolism and drought stress tolerance." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1150173.
Full text