Academic literature on the topic 'Plant availability'

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Journal articles on the topic "Plant availability"

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Muromtsev, N. "PLANT MOISTURE AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 67 (June 30, 2011): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2011-67-20-31.

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The regularities of moisture behavior in the system of surface air - vegetation cover - soil with the use of moisture potential are established. It is shown that the moisture potential in soil, leaves of plants, changes in the moisture potential in the soil-plant system, and relative transpiration is related to functional dependencies. It is well established that each group plants (hygrophytes, mesophytesand xerophytes) is characterized a certain narrow range of soil moisture potential, in which the relative transpiration values do not fall below the optimal level (1.0-0.9). This interval is virtually independent of soil properties and meteorological conditions и can be used as the optimal criterion for plant moisture supply.
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Sherwin, David J., and Patrik Jonsson. "TQM, maintenance and plant availability." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 1, no. 1 (March 1995): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552519510083101.

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Ladra, D., G. P. Sanguinetti, and E. Stube. "Fusion power plant availability study." Fusion Engineering and Design 58-59 (November 2001): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00560-9.

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Coley, P. D., J. P. Bryant, and F. S. Chapin. "Resource Availability and Plant Antiherbivore Defense." Science 230, no. 4728 (November 22, 1985): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.230.4728.895.

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Mohanty, R. P. "Simulating Availability in a Manufacturing Plant." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 9, no. 7 (July 1989): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000001253.

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Rotab Khan, M. R., and A. B. M. Zohrul Kabir. "Availability simulation of an ammonia plant." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 48, no. 3 (January 1995): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(95)00020-3.

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BRUST, Gibert. "Better wear materials improve Elkview plant availability." FLOTATION 32, no. 2 (1985): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4144/rpsj1954.32.91.

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Keller, A. Z., and N. Nemat-Bakhsh. "Interval Availability Estimation for High Capital Plant." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 21, no. 15 (September 1988): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)54689-3.

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Blau, P., C. E. Corl, C. A. Vitalbo, J. C. Belz, A. W. Crew, S. K. Fowler, and S. A. Wilbur. "Microprocessor-Based Testing Increases Power Plant Availability." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 33, no. 1 (February 1986): 1020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1986.4337269.

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Tedder, P. L., and R. N. LaMont. "Projecting Timber Availability." Journal of Forestry 84, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/84.9.26.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant availability"

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Russell, L. W. "Computer simulation of process plant availability." Thesis, Teesside University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328836.

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Laxton, Emma. "Relationship between leaf traits, insect communities and resource availability." Thesis, Electronic version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/483.

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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2005.
Bibliography: p. 178-203.
Introduction -- Study sites -- Leaf characteristics and resource availability -- Insect herbivory and resource availability -- Insect communities and resource availability -- Influence of resource availability on recovery from herbivory -- Conclusions.
This project used the resource availability hypothesis (Coley et al., 1985) as a framework for investigating the relationship between resource availability (as defined by soil nutrients), leaf traits, insect herbivore damage and insect community structure. According to the hypothesis, plants from low resource environments should be better-defended, have longer leaf lifespans and slower growth rates than plants from higher resource environments. Higher resource plant species are expected to suffer higher levels of herbivory and recover faster from herbivory than low resource plant species (Coley et al. 1985). A corollary to this hypothesis is that plants from higher resource sites should support greater densities of insect herbivores than low resource species. Comparisons between high and low resource sites were made in terms of: (i) leaf traits of mature and immature leaves; (ii) phenology of leaf maturation; (iii) herbivore damage in the field and laboratory; (iv) diversity and abundance of herbivorous insect fauna; and (v) ability to recover from herbivory.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
243 p. ill., maps
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Baethgen, Walter E. "Plant nitrogen availability in selected Virginia soils." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90907.

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Surface and subsoil samples were collected from agriculturally important soils of Coastal Plain, Piedmont and Ridge and Valley regions of Virginia for the purpose of determining the contribution of different soil N fractions to plant available N. Soil samples were analyzed for exchangeable and non-exchangeable NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, total N, and organic matter contents. The samples were also subjected to the anaerobic incubation procedure as an index of organic N availability. Plant available N was measured by N uptake of successive wheat crops grown in the greenhouse. Multiple linear regression models for different groups of samples were used to determine the contribution of the different soil N fractions to the plant available N supply, and to predict N uptake by wheat. Best models were selected considering fit, significance of the regression coefficients, and predictive ability. Due to the high correlation among the different soil N fractions, important collinearity was present and affected the linear models. These effects were reduced by utilizing biased techniques. All the soils provided significant amounts of N to the wheat in both the first and second crops. Exchangeable NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N were the major initial sources of plant available N. Non-exchangeable NH₄⁺-N was also a significant contributor to the plant available N supply for most soils. The results of the biological and chemical indices of organic N availability were highly correlated among each other, and with plant N uptake by the first and second wheat crops. Plant N uptake was associated with the variation observed in the different soil N fractions, indicating that wheat is a good indicator crop for plant N availability experiments. The procedures used to detect and combat collinearity were effective in producing more stable models with better predictive ability. Further research should be conducted under field conditions to study the contribution of non-exchangeable NH₄⁺-N to plant N availability.
M.S.
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Berglund, Linda. "Disturbance, nutrient availability and plant growth in phenol-rich plant communities /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s327.pdf.

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Harral, Josephine Erica. "Experiments on resource availability and plant species richness." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415053.

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au, 30075885@student murdoch edu, and Ross F. Brennan. "Zinc Application and its Availability to Plants." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050602.142302.

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Globally, low zinc (Zn) soils are widespread, but one of the largest expanses of such soils is in south west Australia (WA). Early Zn research in the region determined how much fertiliser Zn was required for profitable production of spring wheat (Triticium aestivum L.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneanum L), the major crop and pasture species at the time. The research showed that Zn sulfate and ZnO were equally effective Zn fertilisers, but ZnO was cheaper and so was widely used. The research indicated that in the year of application, depending on soil type, between 0.5-1.5 kg Zn/ha provided adequate Zn for the production of wheat and subterranean clover. The length of time that a single application of Zn fertiliser remains fully effective in maintaining the production of crops and pasture in future years (residual value; (RV)) had not been determined. This knowledge of the RV of Zn fertilisers is required for soils of WA. The experiments that measured the RV of fertiliser Zn for spring wheat and subterranean clover form the bulk of this thesis. The soils in the region were also initially acutely phosphorus (P) deficient requiring the application of fertiliser P for profitable production. Single superphosphate was the P fertiliser initially used. It was manufactured locally using phosphate rock imported from Nauru and Christmas Islands. This phosphate rock also contained much Zn, and the single superphosphate manufactured from it contained 400-600 mg Zn/kg. At amounts of application needed to provide adequate P, the Zn-contaminated superphosphate also supplied about 90 g Zn/ha. Therefore, early field experiments measured the RV of ZnO applied to soil when single superphosphate was applied annually at >150 kg/ha. In these experiments, the RV of Zn was measured when different amounts of fertiliser nitrogen (N) was applied. This was because it has recently been very profitable to apply fertiliser N to wheat crops, which greatly increased grain yields and so may have increased the demand for Zn, thereby probably decreasing the RV of the original ZnO application. In these experiments, there were many nil-Zn plots. In subsequent years, freshly-applied ZnO amounts were applied to measure the RV of the original ZnO treatments relative to the fresh Zn treatment. No Zn deficiency was detected for up to 23 years after applying ZnO while applying superphosphate at >150 kg/ha per year and for all amounts of N applied. Subsequently cheap imported DAP fertiliser was used for wheat crops instead of locally produced Zn-contaminated single superphosphate and urea. The imported DAP contained about 50 mg Zn/kg (1/12 that of single superphosphate). This new fertiliser strategy induced Zn deficiency in many wheat crops. This led to further field studies to determine the RV of ZnO fertiliser when DAP was applied. The experiments also included 2 Zn-contaminated single superphosphate treatments. In one, no ZnO was applied, and superphosphate was applied at >150 kg/ha per year to match the amount of P applied as DAP to the other treatments. The other treatment was the same, except 1.5 kg/ha Zn as ZnO was applied in the first year only. In subsequent years, freshly-applied ZnO amounts were applied to measure the RV of the original ZnO treatments relative to the fresh Zn treatment. Relative to freshly-applied Zn in each year, the RV of the original ZnO treatments decreased as the length of time that the Zn was in contact with soil increased. However, the rate of decline in the RV was also found to differ with soil type, and was affected by soil pH, clay and organic carbon content of soil, and in alkaline soils with the calcium carbonate content of soil. Parallel glasshouse studies measured the RV of Zn, as Zn sulfate, for wheat and subterranean clover, using many soils from WA and other Australian States. The glasshouse studies also showed that the rate of decline in the RV of the original Zn application varied markedly with soil type and was strongly influenced by soil pH, clay and organic carbon content of soil, and in the alkaline soils, the amount of calcium carbonate in soil. In the above studies, the RV of fertiliser Zn was measured relative to freshly-applied Zn using yield of plants (shoots and grain for wheat, shoots for clover), Zn content in shoots and grain, and soil test Zn using the ammonium oxalate and DTPA procedures. In addition, Zn concentration in young tissue and rest of shoots (glasshouse studies) and young tissue and whole shoots (field studies) was measured, and Zn concentration related to 90 % of the maximum yield (critical Zn in plant parts) was determined. The studies showed that the DTPA soil test procedure, together with soil pH, and clay and organic matter content of soil, was an accurate prognostic test for indicating when Zn deficiency was likely in the next clover or wheat crop. The study confirmed that young tissue (youngest fully expanded leaves) provided critical plant test values for diagnosing Zn deficiency in plants. The plant and soil tests for Zn are now used by commercial soil and tissue testing laboratories. When Zn deficiency was diagnosed early in field grown wheat, Zn sprays can be applied to the crop foliage to prevent or minimise decreases in grain yields at the end of the growing season. Zn sulfate and Zn chelate are the most widely used compounds. This thesis reports the results of a field study to compare the effectiveness of the two compounds when the spray was applied at two growth stages of wheat (Gs14; seedling growth and Gs24; tillering). In addition, Zn applied with the seed while sowing the wheat crop was also included. Zinc applied to the soil while sowing was the most effective treatment. Zn chelate was more effective as a spray than Zn sulfate when applied at the earlier growth stage, but Zn sulfate was cheaper, and both sprays were equally effective when applied at the later growth stage. Recently in the region, durum wheat (T. durum L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), yellow lupin (L. luteus L.), white lupin (L. albus L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) were all increasingly grown in rotation with spring wheat. Consequently, the Zn requirement of the new crops was compared with the Zn requirements of spring wheat. Species requiring less Zn than spring wheat to produce the same relative yield were faba bean, chickpea, albus lupin and canola; species requiring more Zn were lentil and durum wheat. Spreadsheet models were developed to determine when re-application of fertiliser Zn was required for low and high production systems. Relative to freshly-applied Zn, the rate of decline in the RV of Zn applied in a previous year varied depending on the amount of Zn applied, time the Zn was in contact with soil since application, properties of the soil (soil pH, % clay, % organic carbon, % free calcium carbonate), plant species, and the amount of Zn removed in harvested grain or hay. The thesis has culminated in a better understanding of Zn in the agricultural production systems of WA. The distribution and correction of Zn deficiency is now predictable for the many soil types and cropping systems of WA. Accurate identification of Zn deficiency for a range of crop and pasture species by plant analyses, typically the youngest mature leaf, is now possible for local conditions. With the calibration of the DTPA Zn soil test for soils of WA, particularly for wheat the major crop species grown in WA, prognosis of potential Zn deficiency can now be predicted before the appearance of Zn deficiency or loss in plant production.
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Franklin, Oskar. "Plant and forest dynamics in response to nitrogen availability /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000345/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.
Appendix consists of reprints of three papers and a manuscript, three of which are co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Wan, Hon Chi Judy. "Interaction of earthworms and microorganisms on nutrient availability and crop growth." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/588.

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Kvarnström, Elisabeth. "Plant-availability of phosphorus removed from wastewater by different processes /." Luleå, 2001. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2001/18/index.html.

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Erickson, Heather E. "Nitrogen and phosphorus availability, ecosystem processes and plant community dynamics in boreal wetland meadows /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5590.

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Books on the topic "Plant availability"

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Conference, World Energy, ed. Availability of thermal generating plant. London: World Energy Conference, 1989.

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Conference, World Energy, ed. Surgery: Availability of thermal generating plant. London: World Energy Conference, 1987.

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Reliability, maintainability, and availability assessment. 2nd ed. Milwaukee, Wis: ASQC Quality Press, 1995.

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Availability engineering and management for manufacturing plant performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR, 1995.

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Willmott, Peter. Optimising plant availability: An executive guide to effective maintenance. (London): Department of Trade and Industry, 1991.

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Franklin, Oskar. Plant and forest dynamics in response to nitrogen availability. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.

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International Symposium on Advances in Nuclear Power Plant Availability, Maintainability, and Operation (1985 Munich, Germany). Nuclear power plant availability, maintenance, and operation: Proceedings of an International Symposium on Advances in Nuclear Power Plant Availability, Maintainability, and Operation. Vienna: The Agency, 1985.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, and International Symposium on Advances in Nuclear Power Plant Availability, Maintenance and Operation (1985 : Munich), eds. Nuclear power plant availability, maintenance and operation: Proceedings of an international symposium on advances in nuclear power plant availability, maintenance and operation. Vienna: IAEA, 1985.

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K, Soon Y., ed. Soil nutrient availability: Chemistry and concepts. New York, N.Y: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.

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Kececioglu, Dimitri. Maintainability, availability, and operational readiness engineering handbook. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: PTR Prentice-Hall, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plant availability"

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Binkley, Dan, and Peter Vitousek. "Soil nutrient availability." In Plant Physiological Ecology, 75–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9013-1_5.

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Binkley, Dan, and Peter Vitousek. "Soil nutrient availability." In Plant Physiological Ecology, 75–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2221-1_5.

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Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Erwin Beck, Nina Buchmann, Stephan Clemens, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein, and Michael Scherer-Lorenzen. "Adverse Soil Mineral Availability." In Plant Ecology, 203–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56233-8_7.

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Billinton, Roy, and Ronald N. Allan. "Plant and station availability." In Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 355–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1860-4_11.

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Shenker, M., and X. Huang. "Potassium availability indices and plant response." In Plant Nutrition, 742–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_360.

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Duda, R., R. Gutser, and U. Schmidhalter. "Characterizing site specific differences in water availability." In Plant Nutrition, 390–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_188.

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Gutser, R., and S. von Tucher. "Plant availability of sulfur from organic fertilisers." In Plant Nutrition, 844–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_411.

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Mani, Pabitra Kumar, and Sudeshna Mondal. "Agri-nanotechniques for Plant Availability of Nutrients." In Plant Nanotechnology, 263–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42154-4_11.

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Tyerman, Stephen D., Jonathan A. Wignes, and Brent N. Kaiser. "Root Hydraulic and Aquaporin Responses to N Availability." In Plant Aquaporins, 207–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49395-4_10.

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Jeffrey, David W. "Measuring availability of nutrients and toxic ions." In Soil~Plant Relationships, 150–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6076-6_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plant availability"

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Carlucci, Elisa, and Leonardo Tognarelli. "e-LNG Plant Availability Estimation." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0733-cd.

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Kumar, Nikhil, Maria Ouellette, Kurt Miller, and Michael C. Liu. "Impact of Plant Cycling on Availability." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49359.

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Evidence is mounting that power plant cycling is causing significant additional wear and tear on the units. However, the effects of this additional wear and tear on future maintenance costs, production cost, and equivalent forced outage rate (EFOR) are not accurately quantified at the present time. For example, units that were originally designed for base load operation are now being cycled by many utilities. Typically, such units experience long-term decreases in availability and significantly increased maintenance and capital equipment expenditures because several materials degradation phenomena (creep, fatigue, creep-fatigue interaction, etc.) are accelerated by increased cycling. The authors will present results of several hundred studies, which highlight the impacts of plant cycling events on short and long term plant availability. The paper will also show the impact of plant cycling design, annual capital and operating expenses which can have a direct impact on plant availability.
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Bichara, Samir. "Root morphological changes in eucalypt species grown under low phosphorus availability." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053009.

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De Oliveira, Vincius. "Manganese toxicity in Eucalyptus tereticornis under low phosphorus availability and mycorrhizal symbiosis." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053022.

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Carlson, Carol, Edward Reott, Bill Wells, and Don Wiegrefe. "Microgravity plant Nutrient Experiment water availability sensor." In Life Sciences and Space Medicine Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1054.

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Al Dhaheri, Abdullah Mubarak, and Abdulla Saeed Al Shamsi. "Modifying Control Logic to Improve Plant Availability." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/197764-ms.

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Rizwan, S. M., A. G. Mathew, M. C. Majumder, and K. P. Ramchandran. "Reliability and availability of a continuous casting plant." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2008.4737927.

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Zhang, P., E. A. Bocharnikova, V. V. Matichenkov, and D. V. Demin. "Phosphorus plant-availability as influenced by silicon fertilization." In MATERIALS V INTERNATIONAL YOUTH APPLIED RESEARCH FORUM “OIL CAPITAL”: Conference Series “OIL CAPITAL”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0178369.

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Bocharnikova, Elena. "Reduction of Cd Plant-Availability on Paddy Soil." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71301.

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Giacomelli, E., S. Pratesi, R. Fani, and L. Gimignani. "Improving Availability of Hypercompressors." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1168.

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Always growing capacities and performance requirements, renew the continuous challenge for designers. Plant feedback and Service engineering tremendously improve safety, reliability, availability, and maintainability of the machines, with operating economical benefits. A suitable machine design, system engineering, operation and maintenance critically affect a successful plant exploitation. Innovative methods of simulation, modeling, technologies, diagnostic systems with the use of special features, optimize maintenance and improve efficiency, allowing to reach high availability factors.
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Reports on the topic "Plant availability"

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Lester M. Waganer. Methodology for Scaling Fusion Power Plant Availability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001677.

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Holbrook, N. M., O. Sperling, A. Ben-Gal, and U. Hochberg. Regulation of plant transpiration by carbohydrate availability. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134177.bard.

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Sullivan, Kevin, William Anasti, Yichuan Fang, Karthik Subramanyan, Tom Leininger, and Christine Zemsky. Feasibility studies to improve plant availability and reduce total installed cost in IGCC plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234430.

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McKeever, T., and H. N. Spelter. Wood-based panel plant locations and timber availability in selected U.S. states. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-103.

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Kuhlman, Kristopher, Shawn Otto, Philip Stauffer, and Yuxin Wu. Brine Availability Test in Salt (BATS) Extended Plan for Experiments at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1773028.

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L.T. Rader. Biomass, Leaf Area, and Resource Availability of Kudzu Dominated Plant Communities Following Herbicide Treatment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/807682.

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Engel, R., J. Kitzmiller, and D. McCutchan. A study of the effects of preventive maintenance and test on nuclear plant availability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6966249.

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Hill, Roger R., Geoffrey Taylor Klise, and John R. Balfour. Precursor Report of Data Needs and Recommended Practices for PV Plant Availability Operations and Maintenance Reporting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169447.

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Cruz Barrera, Mauricio, Martha Isabel Gómez, Carlos Andrés Moreno, and Bettina Eichler Loberman. Strains of Trichoderma spp. and their Capacity to Mobilize Phosphorus. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.reporte.2016.63.

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Abstract:
Soil microorganisms enhance the plant availability of phosphorus (P). This ability is related to the production of organic acids and the activity of phosphatases. It is assumed that the production of organic acids solubilize insoluble phosphate forms to usable form such as orthophosphate, increasing its potential availability to plants (Vázquez et al. 2000). Filamentous fungi such as Trichoderma sp. have advantages in acid soils presenting morphological and metabolic characteristics that make them promising organisms (Nahas, 1996; Vera et al, 2002). On the other hand, inoculation of soil with phosphate solubilizing fungi has been shown to increase yields in crops like maize and wheat (Singh and Reddy, 2011), beans (Wahid and Mehana, 2000), chickpea (Kapri and Tewari, 2010).
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Abstract:
Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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